Power for the 21st Century

Innovation Energy Environment

Fuel Cell Technology in Renewable Energy Hybrid Systems for Mobile / Stationary Applications and Green Buildings

Heliocentris Academia GmbH

Dr. Claus Fischer

• HQ in Berlin, Germany

• 300 employees

• 2 Divisions: Renewable Energy Education System / Industrial Applications

• Energy Management Projects in many countries incl. UAE

• Supplied more than 50,000 New Energy training systems to 70 countries

Heliocentris

CEV_FCH_K/2

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Complete Renewable Energy Laboratories

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Need for Energy

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Annual World Energy Consumption In Terrawatts

GROWING DEMAND CAN ONLY BE COVERED BY RENEWABLE ENERGIES

Oil

Coal

Gas

Nuclear

Hydro

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5

4

3

2

1

0

TW

`65 `70 `75 `80 `85 `90 `95 `00 `05Year

Problem: CO2 / Global Warming

To date: 25% Electricity from Renewable Energies / Target 80% 2040

Population: 82 Million 25% = 20 Million People supplied with Renewable Energy

450,000 New Jobs created6

Renewable Energy in Germany

» They are available intermittently

» They vary in intensity

» They cannot be used to run vehicles

The Challenge with Renewable Energies

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Electrical Power from Wind und PV partly > 30% (Daytime)

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Use of Photovoltaic in Germany:

Quelle:: SMA solar technology

Conversion of Renewable Energies for Storage

The Requirement: To create a fuel

» That can be stored and transported

» That can be converted to useful forms of energy

(electricity, mechanical)

» That does not pollute the environment

There is such a fuel.

It is called: Hydrogen

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The Solution

Hydrogen allows storage of high amounts of energy at small volume to balance offer and demand during daytime and season

Clean energy carrier: No carbon emissions compared with fossils

Low space requirement compared with batteries

Low noise during energy conversion

Flexible use: Fuelling cars from home-made hydrogen possible

Why Hydrogen?

Hydrogen plays a significant role on the roadmap to a fully energy autonomous and sustainable building-concept

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Sustainable Fuel Generation

Water energy

Oxygen

Oxygen

Water

Fuel CellElectrolyzer

Solar energy

Wind energy

Hydrogen Storage

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Stationary

Mobile

Sour

ce: H

onda

Quelle: obs/TOTAL Deutschland GmbH

Reality at New Berlin International Airport (opens 2017)

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What Is A Fuel Cell?

_

+

BATTERYFuel Cell

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Water

Heat

Fuel Cell - A Device That Converts Hydrogen Into Electricity

Hydrogen

DC electricity

_

+

BATTERYOxygen

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Fuel Cell

A Simple Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell

The PEM fuel cell combines hydrogen and oxygen in a chemical reaction, producing water and releasing energy.

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Fuel Cell Animation

Advantage of Fuel Cell Power Generation

Fuel Electricity

Fuel Heat Movement Electricity

OH

H

Efficiency: 25%

I. Cold combustion (Fuel cell)» Controlled reaction (no flame)

» Direct conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy

II. Warm combustion (heat engine /motor/ via turbine)» Uncontrolled reaction

» Released energy is transferred to a working medium (water, water vapor)

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Efficiency: 50%

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Fuel Cells: Advantages Over Batteries

Batteries Fuel Cells

Battery Battery

Battery

Battery

Battery

Battery

Doubling capacity leads to doubling volume and weight

Fuel

FuelCell

Fuel

FuelCell

Fuel

FuelCell

Doubling capacity does not lead to doubling volume and weight

Battery

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Fuel Cells: Advantages Over Batteries

Volume comparison to generate 1 kWh of energy

0

5

10

15

20

Volu

me

(litr

es)

Compressed H2 at 200 bar

Lithium ion battery

Lead-acid battery

Weight comparison to generate 1 kWh of energy

0

5

10

20

15

25

Compressed H2

Lithium ion battery

Lead-acid battery

Wei

ght

(kilo

gram

s)

» Smaller size

» Lighter weight

» Longer supply of power

» No self-discharge over time

» Easy to replace fuel cartriges

Honda FCX» Propulsion: Motor 60 kW; 272 Nm» Fuel Cell: 78 kW» Fuel storage: Compressed H2, 350 bar» Range: 355 km» Top speed: 150 km/h» Commercial launch in 2009

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Fuel Cells: Commercialization Has Already Begun

Daimler Chrysler Citaro Bus» Propulsion: Ballard PEM-Stack 250 kW» Fuel storage: Compressed H2, 350 bar» Range: 200 km» Top speed: 80 km/h» Commercial launch in 2008

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles do not pollute!

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Off-Grid And Backup Power Supply

Telecom Transmitter

5 kW Fuel Cell Backup

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Source: IdaTech

Sour

ce: G

EOS

250 W – 1,2 kW

Portable PEM Fuel Cell System

1,2 kW Fuel Cell Backup

» Those who need 100 % energy security:

Reliable UPS Sytems

Hospitals Telecom Repeater Stations

Illus

trati

on b

y Be

dfor

dHos

pita

ls

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Server Stations

Euro

pean

Fue

l Cel

ls

Illustration by Vaillant

CEV_FCH_K/24

House Applications:

Fuel Cell based Co-Generation Systems Combined Heat and Power (CHP)

New Energy Power Supply, 5 kW at Dar Nakheel, Awali

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» Customer: Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO)

» Installation Ground mounted

» Location: Awali, Bahrain

Power electronicsFuel cell module andHydrogen generators PV array and Wind turbine Visitor Center

Electrolyzer Hydrogen storage

Customer load

Fuel cell power module

DC/AC DC/AC DC/AC

PhotovoltaicsWind turbineComputer

with indoor display

Battery bank

Public grid

Overall system control

DC/AC-island inverter

Web

www Internet connection

Public outdoor display

System Overview

» Combining all relevant new energy

technologies with conventional

energy sources

» Operates a technical application

fully autonomously with renewable

energies

» Worldwide accessibility through

web interface

» The ideal for apllied research and

for prototyping

Interior of New Energy Power Supply

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Interaction of System Components

Battery short term storage

Hydrogen/Fuel Cell for long term storage (days / weeks)

Supply Load 29

Load Request

PV, Wind > Request?

PV, Wind < Request +

Battery SOC OK?

Hydrogentank OK?

Grid Backup

NO

NO

NO

YES

YES

YES

Supply LoadCharge battery

Produce Hydrogen

Supply Load

FC on Supply Load

Off Grid

Grid connected

Function

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Photovoltaic Modules / Wind turbine

PV Solar power (STC) 4 kW (20 x 200Wp)

Open circuit voltage 33,2V

Short circuit current 8,7A

Voltage / Current at MPP 25Vdc / 7.9 A

Rated wind power/ voltage 1700W / 0…600V

Rated wind speed 12m/sec

Cut in wind speed 3m/sec

Output voltage 25Vdc

Rotor diameter / Mast 3m / 8m

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Hydrogen Generator

H2 flow rate 120 Nl/h

Capacity 3,000 NL @10bar

Max. refilling pressure 10…17bar

Fuel Cell, Hydrogen Generator & Storage

Rated power 1200W

DC voltage range 22…50V

Rated current 46A

Emission water 870ml/h @ rated power

Fuel Cell

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Monitoring Devices

» Key Features:

Custom large format display Outdoor

Up to 4 linesTime, Date, Personal Text, Personal Web Text, Current performance, daily yield, total yield, CO2 saving, ambient temperature, module temperature, internal irradiation, wind speed, battery State of Charge

Internet interface Promote your data online

Customized desktop on your computers

Customer interfaceManually ON/OFFMonitors measuring dataStart/Stop data capturingShows device status

Web-based User Interface & Visualization Software

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» System overview

» Data monitoring

» Data logging & export» Special mode for starting/ stopping hydrogen

generator and fuel cell manually

Example: Data capturing (taken during commissioning)

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2000

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8.2.10 12:00 AM 8.2.10 12:00 PM 9.2.10 12:00 AM 9.2.10 12:00 PM

Batt

ery

Stat

e of

Cha

rge

[%]

Pow

er [W

]

Commisioning Diagramm

SUN_Power WIND_Power LOAD_POWER SOC_Battery

Controlled decreasing by Island grid cused by SOC and due to small costumer load

Test air conditioning with maximum heating and cooling

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Visit us at the stand of MUSTAFA SULTAN LLC

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Movie New Energy PowerSupply in Bahrain explained by BAPCO

Thank you for your attention

Hydrogen Safety

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Real safety issue or perception?

Hindenburg accident (1937)Is an example of how safe hydrogen is, not how dangerous!

Hydrogen Safety

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Hydrogen Safety

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Photo 1 - Time: 0 min, 0 sec

Vehicle with hydrogentank

Vehicle with gasolinetank

Hydrogen Safety

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Photo 2 - Time 0 min, 3 seconds - Ignition of both fuels occur.Hydrogen flow rate 2100 SCFM. Gasoline flow rate 680 cc/min.

Vehicle with hydrogentank

Vehicle with gasolinetank

Hydrogen Safety

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Photo 3 - Time: 1 min, 0 sec - Hydrogen flow is subsiding, view of gasoline vehicle begins to enlarge

Vehicle with hydrogentank

Vehicle with gasolinetank

Hydrogen Safety

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Photo 4 - Time: 1 min, 30 sec - Hydrogen flow almost finished.View of gasoline powered vehicle has been expanded to nearly full screen

Vehicle with hydrogentank

Vehicle with gasolinetank

Hydrogen Safety

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Hydrogen Safety

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