power factor correction real time power quality enhancement … · 2010-02-14 · company...

Company InformationSolutions, Inc. 2010 Chicago, Illinois

Phone: (877) 838-3756We Make it Easy to “ GO GREEN ”

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Power Factor Correction &

Real Time Power Quality

Enhancement Systems



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Power Factor Correction

• Save Energy & Un-necessary Utility Penalties– Reduce your monthly Utility Cost – Equipment Runs Cooler

• Monitor all occurrences in real time– Energy Savings– Voltage Support– Flicker Reduction– Harmonic Filtration– Current Spike Reduction– Improved Service Utilization



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What Our Solution Offers

Power QualityData Center

Power Quality Analyzer

Data Warehouse

Power Quality Analysis

Power Quality Management

Data Logger

PowerMeter

1st 2nd 3rd 4th Generation

Value



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WHAT IS POWER FACTOR?To understand power factor, we will first start with the definition of a few basic terms:

-KW is working power (also called actual power or active power or real power). It is the power that actually powers the equipment and performs useful work.

-KVAR is reactive power. It is the power that magnetic equipment (transformers, motor and relay) needs to produce the magnetizing flux.

-KVA is apparent power. It is the “summation” of KVAR and KW.



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Electrical Demand & Power FactorMany industrial electrical distribution systems are being used in ways not foreseen by the designers. These changes in use can cause some problems in energy consumption and in safety. If a motor is operating at a lower voltage than it was designed for, it is probably using more amperage than was intended and is causing unnecessary losses in transmission lines. If wires are too small for the load, line losses can be large, and fire hazards increase significantly. Other problems that can create unnecessary energy loss are voltage imbalance in three-phase motors and leaks from voltage sources to ground.

Another problem that may be costing money is a LOW POWER FACTOR.The OPTIMAL use of a plants electrical use can reduce operating and production costs.



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WHAT IS POWER FACTOR?

So now let’s look at a simple analogy in order to better understand these terms…

Lets say you are at a ballpark and it is really a hot day. You order a mug of your favorite beer. The thirst-quenching portion of your beer is represented by KW.

But life is not perfect. Along with your beer comes a little bit of foam. And of coarse foam does not quench your thirst. This foam is represented by KVAR.

The total contents of your glass, KVA, is the summation of KW (the beer) and KVAR (the foam).



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WHAT IS POWER FACTOR?Power Factor is the ratio of working power to apparent power.

P.F. = KW / KVA

Looking at the beer glass, power factor would be the ratio of beer (KW) to beer plus foam (KVA).

P.F. = KW / (KW + KVAR) = Beer / (Beer + Foam)

IN A PERFECT WORLD POWER FACTOR IS ONE



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Power FactorFor a given KVA:

The more foam you have the higher the percentage of KVAR, the lower your ratio of KW (beer) to KVA (beer plus foam). Thus, the lower your power factor.

The less foam you have the lower the percentage of KVAR, the higher your ratio of KW (beer) to KVA (beer plus foam). In fact, as your foam (or KVAR) approaches zero, your power factor approaches 1.0.

So in order to have an “efficient” system, you want power factor to be as close to 1.0 as possible.

No Foam 100% BeerPower Factor = 1



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OPTIMIZE PLANT POWER FACTORSThe power factor is the ratio between the resistive component of AC power and the total (resistive and inductive) power supplied. The installation of capacitors to improve power factor will REDUCE UTILITY DEMAND CHARGES.

There will also be some additional savings from the reduced in-plant power line losses (improving the power factor results in a proportionally decreased current, and thus a reduction in the line power losses, which are proportional to the square of the current).

Since it costs more to provide electricity with low power factor it is common for electrical utilities to make an additional charge if the power factor is less than some value (typically 0.90). Equipment that contributes to low power factor includes welding machines, induction motors, power transformers, electric arc furnaces, plastic injection molding machines, and fluorescent light ballasts to name a few.



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How To Improve Power Factor

Sources of Reactive Power (inductive loads) DECREASE power factor:-Transformers-Induction Motors-Induction generators (wind mill generators)-High Intensity (HID) lighting

Similarly, consumers of Reactive Power INCREASE power factor:-Capacitors-Synchronous generators (utility & emergency)-Synchronous motors



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Improving Power Factor

• Inductance and capacitance react 180 degrees to each other. Capacitors store KVARS and release energy opposing the reactive energy caused by the inductor.

• The presence of both a capacitor and inductor in the same circuit results in continuous alternating transfer of energy between the two.

• So, when the circuit is balanced, all energy released by the continuous alternating transfer of energy between the two.



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Sample Calculation of Energy Savings From POWER FACTOR CORRECTION

Following are the parameters for a system in a very small building:

163 KW load730 hours per month480 Volt, 3 phase service5% system lossesLoad PF = 65%Rate Schedule:Energy Rate = $0.075 per KWHDemand Charge = $9.00 per KWPF Penalty = $0.15 per KVARH



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Energy Savings Calculation (Continued)

• We will calculate the total amount the utility charges you every month as follows:

• First, we will calculate your energy usage:• 163 KW X 730 Hours/Month X $.075/KWH = $8,924.25/Month• Next, we will calculate your demand charge:• 163 KW X $9.00/KW = $1,467.00/Month• Finally, we will calculate your Power Factor Penalty:• Power Factor Penalty = $367/Month• Now, let’s say that you decide to install a capacitor bank (Figure 7). The

190• KVAR from the capacitor cancels out the 190 KVAR from the inductive

motor. Your• power factor is now 1.0.• Following are your parameters for your system with capacitors:

• Corrected PF = 1.0



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• You can calculate your loss reduction:• Loss Reduction = 1-(0.652 / 1.002) = 0.58• Therefore, your system loss reduction will be as follows:• 0.58 X 0.05 (losses) = 0.029 System Loss Reduction• Your total KW load will be reduced as follows:• 163 KW X 0.029 = 4.7 KW• Now we can calculate your savings in energy usage:• 4.7 KW X 730 Hours/Month X $.075/KWH = $257.33/Month• Next, we will calculate your savings in demand charge:• 4.7 KW X $9.00/KW = 42.30$/Month• Finally, remember that your Power Factor Penalty is zero.• Let’s calculate how long it will take for this capacitor bank to pay for

itself.• Capacitor Cost = $30.00/KVAR• Your savings per month are as follows:• $257.33 Energy Usage - $ 42.30 Demand Charge - $367.00 PF Penalty • $667 Total Savings



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Management, acquisition, analysis and display of electrical network parameters

• Data acquisition from different devices and protocols• Different visualization options (graphs, reports)• Unique analysis tools• Hierarchical structure allows ease-of-use• Distributed architecture for best performance and reliability• 3rd party connectivity• Modular design allows adding modules while system is up and

running

Power Quality Management Software



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Solutions, Inc.’s Advantage• Fast and accurate compensation saves energy• Solutions PFC-A System: Full compensation in 1 sec typical (max 4 sec)• Solutions PFC-E System: Full comp. in ½ network cycle typ. (1cycle max)• Simultaneous connection / disconnection of all required steps• Transient-free electronic switching• Consistent capacitor values and stable filter characteristics• Harmonic filtration• Increases facility electrical utilization• Three independent power factor control modes• Unique SCAN feature reduces capacitor duty cycles• Remote control of compensation systems via LAN or Ethernet• Integrated three-phase network analyzer• Measures all power parameters on each phase (V, I, kW, kVAr, kVA)• Voltage and current harmonics to the 63rd. harmonic



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Comparison of Electro-mechanical and Solutions Electronic Switching

Solutions PFC-A Electronic System • Fast and Accurate Compensation• Simultaneous Group Connection• Transient-free Switching• Fixed Capacity & Filter

Characteristics• Reduced Maintenance Costs &

Longer Life• Equal Engagement-SCAN Mode• Easy to Use and Maintain• Initial Cost: Low to Medium• Long-term Cost: Very Low to Low

Electro-Mechanical• Slow Compensation Time• Single Step Connection at a Time• Transients during Switching• Capacity Drop and Filter Changes

by Time• High Maintenance Costs and

Limited Life• Unequal Engagement• Complicated Use and Maintenance• Long-term Cost: Low to Medium



Power To SavePERFORMANCE ADVANTAGES (PFC-E)

• All benefits previously listed for the PFC-A• Reduces voltage flicker and voltage sag• Provides network reactive power support• Offers voltage control options• Includes a choice of operational modes for:• Independent operation,• Load sharing with another ‘fast response’

system, or;• Applications using slower conventional systems• Fast enough to be used for:• Motor starting (as a central starter),• On-site generation support,• Spot-welding,• Wind turbines, and;• All other dynamic loads in industrial and

commercial facilities alike

PFC - E

power factor correction real time power quality enhancement … · 2010-02-14 · company...

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