power corporations in pakistan 2014

8/12/2019 Power Corporations In Pakistan 2014

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2014

RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURSES

Section_B

5/26/2014

Power Corporations In Pakistan


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Mechanical Engineering 2K10 BatchHITEC University Taxila Cantt


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION...........4

2. WAPDA...4

2.1 EXISTING GENERATING CAPACITY ........6

2.2 Dams and Reservoirs.....7

2.3Tarbela Dam.....7

2.4Mangla Dam......7

2.5Chashma Hydropower Project........8

2.6Warsak Dam...8

2.7GHAZI BAROTHA HYDROPOWER PROJECT......9

2.8Salient Features of WAPDA Hydel Power Station.....12

2.9Comparison of Net Electric Output.....13

3.PAKISTAN ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY......15

3.1Thermal Generation...........15

3.2IPPS.18

3.3Energy Statement from Year (2011-2013).......19

4.KESC.............20

4.1Power Generation...21

4.2Coal Conversion....22

4.3Karachi Biogas.........22

4.4 Power Transmission.....23

4.5Power Distribution.....23

5. NTDC.........24

6. Energy Demand and New Projects..28


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6.1 Wind Power.29

6.2 ChinaPakistan Power Plant Corporation.29

6.3NeelumJehlum Hydropower Project......29

7. Conclusion...31

8.References...32


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1. Introduction

Energy is the lifeblood of a country. The most popular and used energy form today is the

electricity, due to its higher efficiency and ease of use. The world of today is thriving hard

for development and control over energy resources. In context of energy developmentwhich is reliable index of economic development the world could be divided into three

broad groups:

Highly developed countries with per capita energy consumption of 4000 kilogramcoal equivalent and above

Developed countries with per capita energy consumption of 1000-4000 kilogram coalequivalent and above

Developing countries with per capita energy consumption of 1000 kilogram coalequivalent and above

Pakistan is in the third group with per capita energy consumption of just 200 kilogram coal

equivalent.

To efficiently run supply and demand chains of energy throughout the country, power

corporations have been developed. These power corporations are collection of large group

of companies whose job is to produce, supply and manage electric energy of a country.

Electricity in Pakistan is generated, transmitted, distributed, and retail supplied by two

vertically integrated public sector utilities: Water and Power Development Authority(WAPDA) for all of Pakistan (except Karachi), and the Karachi Electric Supply Corporation

(KESC) for the city of Karachi and its surrounding areas.

2. WAPDA

WAPDA, the Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority, was created in 1958 as a

Semi-Autonomous Body for the purpose of coordinating and giving a unified direction to the

development of schemes in Water and Power Sectors, which were previously being dealt

with, by the respective Electricity and Irrigation Department of the Provinces.

Since October 2007, WAPDA has been bifurcated into two distinct entities i.e. WAPDA and

Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO). WAPDA is responsible for water and hydropower

development whereas PEPCO is vested with the responsibility of thermal power generation,

transmission, distribution and billing. There is an independent Chairman and MD (PEPCO)

www.pepco.gov.pk replacing Chairman WAPDA and Member (Power) who were previously

holding the additional charges of these posts.


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WAPDA is now fully responsible for the development of Hydel Power and WaterSector Projects.

PEPCO has been fully empowered and is responsible for the management of all theaffairs of corporatized nine Distribution Companies (DISCOs), four Generation

Companies (GENCOs) and a National Transmission Dispatch Company (NTDC). These

companies are working under independent Board of Directors (Chairman and someDirectors are from Private Sectors).

The Companies are administratively autonomous and leading to financial autonomyby restructuring their balance sheets by bringing their equity position to at least 20

percent, required to meet the prudential regulations and to facilitate financing from

commercial sector (approved by ECC).

The Loan Liability Transfer Agreements (LLTA) has been signed with CorporateEntities and execution of loan transfer is complete.

All Entities have the physical possessions of all their operational assets. On 24th Feb. 2007 Ministry of Water & Power notified NEPRA approved Tariff for all

Distribution Companies replacing unified WAPDA Tariff.

Legal Agreements such as Business Transfer Agreements, Operation DevelopmentAgreement, Energy Supply Agreement, Business Supplementary Agreement and Fuel

Supply Agreement etc. were executed between WAPDA and Corporate Entities to

facilitate commercial operations.

Regulatory instruments like Grid Code, Distribution Codes, Performance Standard forDistribution Companies and Transmission Companies were drafted and got

approved from (www.nepra.org.pk) in 2007.

All major lenders gave their consent for transfer of their loan from WAPDA toCorporate Entities, thus 326 loan assumption agreements were signed amongst

respective Companies, WAPDA and EAD (Economic Affairs Division) GOP.

CPPA is established under the coverage of NTDC for payments from DISCOs to IPPs,GENCOs and NTDC. Ultimately, it will function independently under Federal Govt.

and all forthcoming IPPs will be under CPPA.

The Charter of Duties of WAPDA is to investigate, plan and execute schemes for the

following fields:

Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Power.


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Irrigation, Water Supply and Drainage. Prevention of Water logging and Reclamation of Waterlogged and Saline Lands. Flood Management. Inland Navigation.

The Authority comprises of a Chairman and three Members working through a Secretary.

WAPDA is one of the largest employers of human resources in Pakistan. Over the years

WAPDA has built-up a reservoir of Technical know-how and expertise which has made it a

modern and progressive organization.

2.1EXISTING GENERATING CAPACITY

The existing generation capacity is 13472 MW in winter and 16190 in the summer season.

The generation of electricity and their type is clearly mentioned below.

Figure : Installed Power Generation Data (2014)


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2.2Dams and Reservoirs

The hydro generation of WAPDA has an installed capacity of 6750 MW. This power comes

fromTarbela,Mangla,Chashma,Warsak andGhazi Barotha dams.

2.3 Tarbela Dam

Tarbela Dam is located on the river Indus 50 miles northwest of Islamabad and completed in

1974. It is World's largest earth and rock-filled dam, which has greatly enhanced the

agriculture and industrial potential in the Country.

Due to silt carried by inflowing water, to the extent of 110,000 MAF per year since 1974,

sedimentation has taken place, which has reduced the gross reservoir capacity from 11.620

MAF to 8.496 MAF.

The project cast is US$ 1.85 billion and has a maximum generation capacity 3478 MW.

2.4Mangla Dam

Mangla Dam is an earth fill type dam constructed on river Jhelum in 1967 as a part of Indus

Basin Development Plan. It is a multipurpose Project designed to conserve and regulate the

floodwater of the River Jhelum for irrigation purpose and power generation.

Due to deposition of silt during 34 years of its operation the gross capacity has reduced from

5.88 MAF to 4.82 MAF. Initially its life was estimated as 120 years but later on with the

implementation of watershed management practices in catchment area, its expected life is

now estimated as 170 years. The project cost is US$ 1.473 Billion with a total capacity 1000

MW.


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2.5Chashma Hydropower Project

Chashma Hydropower Project is located on the right abutment of Chashma Barrage. The

barrage is located on the Indus River near the village Chashma in Mianwali District, about

304 km. North West of Lahore. The project has been estimated at Rs17, 821.77 million

including foreign exchange component of Rs.9264.25 million.

The installed capacity of power Station is 184 MW comprising of 8 bulb type turbine units

each of 23 MW capacities. The bulb turbines have been installed for the first time in

Pakistan. The first unit was commissioned in January 2001, while final commissioning of all

units was completed in July 2001.

Apart from effective water management through barrage Chashma Hydropower Project has

generated 8.193 Billion KWh of cheap Hydel since commissioning. Annual Generation in

2008-09 was 1096.910 Million KWh the station shared peak load of 184 MW.

2.6Warsak Dam

Warsak Hydro Electric Power Project is located on River Kabul at about 30 km from

Peshawar in North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. The project financed by Canadian

Government was completed under COLOMBO PLAN in two phases.

The Project Main Features The project consists of a mass concrete gravity dam with integral

spillway, power tunnel, power station, a concrete lined 10 feet diameter irrigation tunnel on

right bank and a 3 feet diameter steel pipe irrigation conduit on the left bank of the

reservoir. The 250 ft. high and 460 ft. long dam with reservoir of 4 square miles had a live

storage capacity of 25,300 acre-feet of water for irrigation of 119,000 acres of land and

meeting power generation requirement. A spillway with nine gates is capable to discharge

540,000 cusecs of flood water.


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POWER STATION

The first phase including construction of Dam, Irrigation tunnel, civil works for Phase-II and

installation of four units each of 40 MW capacities with 132 kv transmission system, was

completed in 1960 at a total cost of Rs.394.98 million. Two additional generating units each

of 41.48 MW capacities were added in 1980-81 at a cost of Rs.106.25 million as second

phase of the project.

Warsak Dam has now completely silted up and practically there is no available storage.

Power generation is being achieved according to water inflows in River Kabul like a "Run-of-

the-River' project. Lean flow period at Warsak is observed from October to March during

which capability reduces to about 100 MW (Peak). Besides providing irrigation water from

the dam during early years of its life, the project has generated over 36.261 Billion KWh of

cheap energy since its commissioning. Annual generation during 2008~2009 was 994.404

Million KWh while the station shared 214 MW peak load.

2.7GHAZI BAROTHA HYDROPOWER PROJECT

The shortage of electrical power at affordable cost has long been identified as one of the

main hurdles to the industrial and economic growth of Pakistan. The demand for electricity

is growing rapidly and requires a considerable increase in the rate at which new generating

capacity is introduced. Presently demand is met through a mix of thermal and hydroelectric

plants. The percentage of thermal power generation has continued to increase in recent

years, with a noticeable impact on unit cost of generation. WAPDA has continually sought to

maximize the countrys capacity for Hydropower generation and reduce the dependence

upon thermal power generation.

Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project with a generation capacity of 1450 MW and an average

energy output of 6600 GWh is a large, renewable and emission free source of energy

towards WAPDAs Vision 2025 goals.


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The Project

Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project is located on the Indus river downstream of Tarbela

Dam. The Project utilizes the hydraulic head available between the tailrace at Tarbela Dam

and the confluence of the Indus and Haro Rivers for power generation. In this reach Indus

River drops by 76 m in a distance of 63 km. This Project possesses the minimum of

environmental and social impacts.

Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project consists of three main components. The Barrage, the

Power Channel and the Power Complex. The Project utilizes the normal Tarbela Dam

releases to provide year round maximum power generation during the daily hours of peak

demand, including the months of May and June when reservoirs of Mangla and Tarbela

Dams are historically at their lowest. This enhances the capacity of the whole power system

by providing much needed relief in the form of cheap hydel energy.

The Barrage

The Barrage located 7 km downstream of Tarbela Dam, provides a pond which re-regulates

the daily discharge from Tarbela by diverting the flow into the Power Channel. The principal

features include 20 No. standard bays, 8 No. under sluices and 8 No. head regulator bays in

addition to rim embankments, fuse plug and dividing island.

The Barrage can pass the design flood of 18,700 cumecs, equivalent to the flood of record,

through the standard bays and under sluices at the normal pond level of El. 340 m. The fuse

plug has been provided to pass the extreme flood up to the capacity of Tarbelas spillway

and tunnels equaling 46,200 cumecs.

The Power Channel

Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project holds the record for the biggest concrete lined channel

in the world. The channel is 51.90 km long with a concrete lining and design flow of up to

1600 cumecs at a water depth of 9 m. It has a bottom width of 58.4 m.

The Power Channel has a nearly contour alignment with hills on the left side and the land

naturally draining towards the Indus River on the right side. The Power Channel intercepts

fifty three nullahs (natural drains) of which twenty-seven major nullahs have been passed

over the Power Channel by providing super passages. The remaining twenty four minor

nullahs are being discharged into the Power Channel through individual inlets whilst one

nullah is passing underneath the channel through a culvert.In addition to the thirty four

road bridges, including bridges for both Islamabad-Peshawar Motorway and the G.T road,

there are 12 pedestrian crossings over the Power Channel.

The main railway line joining Rawalpindi to Peshawar also crosses the power channel and

required the construction of the second longest single span railway bridge in Pakistan. Thismay be the last riveted bridge of its type, constructed in Pakistan.


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The Power Complex

The Power Complex having two head ponds with a combined live storage capacity of

approximately 25.5 million cubic meters is sufficient for the daily requirement of 4 hours

peak generation. This means that in May and June when there is reduced generation from

Tarbela and Mangla power houses, due to low reservoir levels, Ghazi Barotha Hydropower

Project provides peak production of 1450 MW.The five generating units in the Powerhouse

are each fed by a 10.6 m diameter steel lined penstock. Each of the five 290 MW Turbo

Generators can take a peak flow of 460 cumecs.

Power Complex has been provided with a self-priming siphon spillway of 1600 cumecs

capacity, having energy dissipation in a stilling basin and a baffle chute.The power

transmission is through 500 KV double circuit lines to WAPDAs national grid system.

Mechanical and Electrical Equipment

The installed power generating capacity is 1450 MW consisting of five units each of 290

MW. The units have a design flow of 400 cumecs at optimum gate opening and 460 cumecs

at full gate opening for a design head of 69 m.

The principal items of power equipment are as follows:

Five Francis turbines each with a 290 MW generator which together have acombined power generating efficiency of 94%.

Five three-phase banks of transformers, each single-phase unit being 107.5 MVA. 500 KV of conventional outdoor switchgear configured in one-and-a-half breaker

arrangement.

12 cranes with lifting capacities from 6 to 450 tons.With a project which is spread over such large area, it was considered necessary both for

safety and efficiency that it should be monitored and controlled centrally. This has been

achieved by providing two independent distributed control systems (DCS) one each at the

Barrage and Power Complex which share information through an optic fiber cable link.

1. Gross Generation During the year 7059.690 MKWH

2. Maximum Generation (Month-wise) during the year 745.203 MKWH

3. Maximum Load 1450 MWFigure: Technical Data of Brotha Complex (2011-2012)


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Figure 2.8: Salient Features of WAPDA Hydel Power Stations


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Province Wise Distribution of Installed Hydel Generation Capacity

Figure 2.9: Comparison of Net Electric Output


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3. PAKISTAN ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY

The Pakistan Electric Power Company (Private) Limited (PEPCO) has been entrusted the task

of managing the transition of WAPDA from a bureaucratic structure to a corporate,

commercially viable and productive entity. It is a mammoth task and progress in the initialmonths was rather slow, but one should keep in mind that responsibility is enormous and

transition is a long drawn process.

Before going into further details of the restructuring programme, it is necessary to

understand the shift in the GoP policy. The GoP, in line with its Strategic Plan of 1992

approved by the cabinet committee, had decided to restructure the entire power sector in

the country

De-regulation of power sector Promotion of IPPs Restructuring of WAPDA Privatization of select corporate entities

Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO) unveiled new face of Pakistan's power sector with

the crisis management objectives to improve the efficiency of the power sector and to meet

customers' electric energy requirements on a sustainable and environment friendly basis.

The specific objectives of PEPCO are:

Stop load shedding

Constructing new grid stations Reducing line losses; minimizing tripping and theft control Revamping of generation units and to improve customer services and Development of an integrated automated power planning system for generation,

transmission and distribution to ensure system stability, fault isolation and upgrade

relying, metering and tripping system at NTDC as well as Discos level.

3.1 Thermal Generation

PEPCO's Thermal Power Generation is mainly based on generation of power from its Steam

Turbo-Generators, Gas Turbines (simple as well as Combined Cycle Units) installed at

different Power Stations located in Sindh, Punjab and Balochistan provinces. Indigenous Gas

& Coal is the main fuel whereas Furnace oil and HSD are also used as alternative fuel.

As per Government of Pakistan policy all thermal power generation has been restructured

and four corporatized companies namely Jamshoro Power Generation Company Limited

(GENCO-1) head quarter at Jamshoro district Dadu near Hyderabad Sindh, Central Power

Generation Company Limited (GENCO-2) head quarter at Guddu district Jacobabad Sindh

and Northern Power Generation Company Limited (GENCO-3) headquarters at Muzaffargarhand Lakhra Power Generation Company Limited (GENCO-IV) at Khanote (Sindh) have been


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formed and registered. Functioning of GENCOs has commenced. Structural formation of all

four GENCOs is as under:

JPCL (GENCO-1) CPGCL (GENCO-2) NPGCL (GENCO-3) LPGCL (GENCO-4)

TPS Jamshoro TPS Guddu TPS Muzaffargarh FBC Lakhraa

GTPS Kotri TPS Quetta NGPS Multan

GTPS Faisalabad

SPS Faisalabad

GTPS Shahdar

CGTM W/Shop F/Abad

The Jamshoro power company limited has 850 MW of thermal power station in Jamshoro

and a 174MW gas turbine station located at Kotri.


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3.2 IPPS

The country had been experiencing severe power shortage during eighties and early

nineties. As a result, load shedding had to be resorted to all over the country. This adversely

affected the national economy. It was not possible for the Govt. to establish Power Plants inpublic sector due to shortage of funds. In order to eliminate power shortage/load shedding

in the minimum possible time, the Government constituted an Energy Task Force in 1993 to

devise a consolidated and comprehensive policy for revamping and rejuvenating the energy

sector. On the recommendations of the Energy Task Force, the Government announced a

Policy Framework and Package of Incentives for Private Sector Power Generation Projects

in March 1994 for a large scale induction of the private sector in power development. The

said Policy offered a fix leveled tariff of US 5.57 / kWh to the prospective investors (US 6.1

/ kWh average for 1-10 years) and a number of other incentives to attract foreign

investment in the power sector.

1292 MW (Net 1200 MW) HUB Power Project the biggest power plant in the private sector

contracted in 1992 started commercial operations in March 1997. Shortly after

commissioning disputes arose between GOP / WAPDA and HUBCO on tariff and other

issues. After protracted negotiations, these were resolved through Settlement Agreement of

December 2000 signed by the GOP, WAPDA and HUBCO. This resulted in a lower tariff

entailing a saving of about 3 billion dollars over 30 years term of the Power Purchase

Agreement.WAPDA also privatized its 1638 MW (Net 1342 MW) Gas Turbine Power Station,

KotAddu in June 1996 by incorporating it under the name of KAPCO and selling its 36%

shares to International Power of UK.After extensive correspondence/negotiations with the

International Power, the Power Purchase Agreement and other relevant documents have

been amended, providing inter-alia, reduction in tariff from Cents 5.60 / kWh to Cents 5.04 /

kWh, resulting in a saving of about 1.3 billion dollars to WAPDA over 25 years term of the

Agreement.


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Figure 3.3: Energy Statement from Year (2011-2013)


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HUB POWER

PROJECT

Company Hub Power Company

Capacity 1292 MW (Gross)

Location Tehsil Hub, District Lasbela, Balochistan

AES PAK

GENERATION

Company AES Pak Gen (Private) Company


Location Mehmood Kot, Muzaffargarh, Punjab

UCH POWER

PROJECT

Company Uch Power Limited


LocationDera Murad Jamali, District Nasirabad,

Balochistan

4. KECS

Karachi is the City of Lights. It is a metropolis of over 20 million and is one of the most

populous cities in the world. K-Electric Limited formerly known as Karachi Electric Supply

Company Limited (KESC) is at present the only vertically-integrated power utility in Pakistan

that manages the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity to the city. The

Company covers a vast area of over 6,500 square kilometers and supplies electricity to all

the industrial, commercial, agricultural and residential areas that come under its network,

comprising over 2.2 million customers in Karachi and in the nearby towns of Dhabeji and

Gharo in Sindh and Hub, Uthal, Vindar and Bela in Balochistan.

K-Electric is also one of the citys largest employers with nearly 11,000 people currently

working for it. It was established one hundred years ago on September 13, 1913 and is one

of the oldest companies operational in Karachi. It was set up under the Indian Companies

Act of 1882 as the Karachi Electric Supply CorporationKESC. The entity was nationalized in

1952 but re-privatized on November 29, 2005. KESC came under new management in

September, 2008 and was renamed as the Karachi Electric Supply Company. At this point, it

was transformed into a profitable entity and is today a globally recognized example of an

unprecedented turnaround.Over the last few years, KESC has demonstrated a strong ability

to bring about a sustainable change. It has pursued a path of visible growth and

transformation which has placed it amongst the most dynamic institutions in Pakistan and in

the region.

The indicators of KESCs operational and financial turnaround have been clearly noticed byits stakeholders, who have reason to believe that the Company is now a renewed entity with


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a brand new vision and a progressive outlook. Therefore, there is a strong case for its

repositioning and rebranding with a refreshing new identity as a manifestation of its

aspirations and its current stance as a leader in the energy sector in Pakistan. It is for this

reason that KESC has now been rebranded as K-Electric, complete with the renewed hope

that it will serve Karachi with more vigour, more energy and a fresh purpose.

The new management at K-Electric which took over in 2008 has introduced several

successful initiatives that have enabled significant value creation across the companys

operations. The companys generation capacity has been enhanced to 1,010 MW, the

transmission and distribution infrastructure has been augmented, electricity losses have

been reduced and financial performance has improved from year to year. In fact, K-Electric

is today providing thought leadership to the entire power sector and many of its

interventions have been acknowledged as best practices by experts in the field.

K-Electrics commitment to sustainability and to its environmental, social and governance

(ESG) value creation philosophy has led it to proudly become the first utility in Pakistan to

receive an A rating from the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI).Karachi is certainly the

economic engine of Pakistan, which makes K-Electric the economic jugular vein of the city

since it is the exclusive power provider. It pledges to make its contribution with even greater

zeal and commitment in the times to come.

4.1 Power Generation

K-Electric is the only vertically-integrated power utility in Pakistan. It produces electricityfrom its own generation units with an installed capacity of 2341 MW. It also has power

purchase agreements for 1021 MW from various IPPs (Independent Power Producers),

WAPDA, KANUPP (Karachi Nuclear Power Plant) and through imports. These purchases are

based on an optimized generation cost that is governed by the fuel cost at the respective

power facilities and their operating efficiencies. Over the last few years, K-Electric has

enhanced its electricity generation capacity by 1,010 MW while it has improved its overall

fleet efficiency by 24%. K-Electrics now generates almost 52% electricity through own

system.

Figure: 24% Increase in Efficiency


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Initiatives

K-Electric has taken the following initiatives to enhance its power generation capacity:

Bin Qasim Power Plant Commissioning of 560 MW Combined Cycle Project at Bin Qasim Korangi Combined Cycle Power Plant phase-2 Conversion of open cycle of GT 1 and 2 to combined cycle Increase of complex efficiency from 42% to 45% Increase in output of plant by 27.5 MW SITE and Korangi phase-2 Conversion of 2 open cycle engine-plants at SITE and Korangi to combined cycle.

Increase in efficiency from 37% to 42%. Increase in output of plants by 10 MW each. Efficient utilization of natural gas.

4.2 Coal Conversion

Forming of K-Energy (Pvt.) Ltd. by BEEGIL (the investors). K-Electric will lease Bin Qasim

Power Station 1, units 3 and 4 under long-term lease agreement to K-Energy. Respective

approvals from the Regulator are being sought to lease out KESC's existing plants to K-

Energy for Coal Conversion.K-Energy will function as an Independent Power Producer (IPP)

and will sell power to K-Electric. EPC Agreement has been signed with Harbin Electric

International.

4.3 Karachi Biogas

Karachi Organic Energy Limited (KOEL) incorporated to establish a Biogas Power Plant at

Landhi Cattle Colony. The plant will utilize cattle manure and organic food waste as

feedstock to produce 22 MW of electricity in two phases (11 MW each).

Figure : Generation Timeline of KESC


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Figure : KESC Power Plant

4.4 Power Transmission

K-Electrics transmission system comprises a total of 1249 km of 220 KV, 132 KV and 66 KV

lines with 62 grid stations and 128 power transformers. The Companys current transmission

losses are less than 1.03%. K-Electric is rehabilitating and upgrading its transmission and grid

stations with the state-of-the-art SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system

to monitor online and real time monitoring of the network, compatible with the fast

industrial, commercial and residential development activities in the city. This will provide

stable and uninterrupted power supply to customers.

4.5 Power Distribution

K-Electrics Distribution network ranks amongst the largest electricity such networks in the

world. Power is supplied to consumers through a network of power lines, substations and

pole-mounted transformers. The Power distribution and customer service is efficiently

managed though distribution of the area into four regions, which are divided into a total of28 distribution centers.

The K-Electric distribution network comprises the following:


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Figure : An Overview of Karachi

5. NTDC

National Transmission &Despatch Company (NTDC) Limited was incorporated on 6th

November, 1998 and commenced commercial operation on 24th December, 1998. It was

organized to take over all the propertise, rights and assets obligations and liabilities of 220

KV and 500KV Grid Stations and Transmission Lines/Network owned by Pakistan Water and

Power Development Authority (WAPDA). NTDC operates and maintains twelve 500 KV and

twenty nine 220 KV Grid Stations, 5077 km of 500 KV transmission line and 7359 km of 220

KV transmission line in Pakistan.

NTDC was granted Transmission Licence No.TL/01//2002 on 31st December 2002 by

National Electric Power Regularity Authority (NEPRA) to engage in the exclusive

transmission business for a term of thirty (30) years, pursuant to Section 17 of the

Regulation of Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Electric Power Act, 1997.

1. MFF Tranche 2

Subproject No. 5

New D.G. Khan 500kV Sub-Station and Transmission Line

2. ADB MFF Tranche 2

Subproject No. 8

Dispersal of Power from Jarwar IPP JarwarSadiqabad 132 kV Double Circuit

Transmission Line

3. MFF Tranche 2

Sub-project Number 01 New Okara 220 kV Sub-Station Transmission LineFigure : NTDC Projects


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DISCOS DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

National Transmission & Despatch Company (NTDC) Limited

operates and maintains Grid Stations through:

LESCO=LAHORE ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY

KESC=KARACHI ELECTRIC SUPPLY CORPORATION LIMITED

FESCO=FAISALABAD ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY

MEPCO=MULTAN ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY

IESCO=ISLAMABAD ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY LIMITED

GEPCO=GUJRANWALA ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY

HESCO=HYDERABAD ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY LIMITED

QESCO=QUETTA ELECTRIC SUPPLY CORPORATIONPESCO=PESHAWAR ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY

TESCO=TRIBAL AREA ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY

LAHORE ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY (LESCO)

Lahore Area Electricity Board was reorganized into a corporatized entity

under the name of Lahore Electric Supply Company (LESCO) with effectfrom 22-03-1998, with the aim of commercialization and eventuallyprivatization.

AREA OF OPERATION:LESCO's area of responsibility covers Civil Districts of Lahore, Kasur, Okaraand Sheikhupura.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF LESCO:LESCO comprises of the following six distribution Operation Circles, oneConstruction and one GSO Circle, as detailed below Operation Circles:1. North Lahore Circle 5 Divisions / 24 Sub Divisions2. Central Lahore Circle 6 Divisions /23 Sub Divisions

3. Eastern Lahore Circle 4 Divisions /22 Sub Divisions4. Okara Circle 5 Divisions / 23 Sub Divisions5. South-Eastern LHR Circle 5 Divisions /22 Sub Divisions6. Sheikhupura Circle 5 Divisions / 22 Sub DivisionsProject Construction Circle: 4 DivisionsG.S.O. Circle: 3 Divisions


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FAISALABAD ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY (FESCO)

FESCO distributes and supplies electricity to about 2.00

million customers within its service territory with a population

of over 15.5 million under a Distribution License granted byNational Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA)

pursuant to the Regulation of Generation, Transmission and

Distribution of Electric Power Act, 1997 (NEPRA Act).

Geographical service area of FESCO comprises Faisalabad,

Sargodha, Mianwali, Khushab, Jhang, Bhakker, and T.T Singh

districts. FESCO is one of the best electricity distribution

companies in Pakistan in terms of operational performance,

as it has low degree of distribution losses and a high rate of

bill collection. Its main service area is Faisalabad, known as

Manchester of Pakistan for its extensive textile industries.

ISLAMABAD ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY LIMITED (IESCO)

Technical Overview:IESCO has 78 Grids having total capacity of 1, 950 MVA and distributes the power through

581 feeders.

Operational setup:To ensure uninterrupted supply of electricity and most intimate customer services IESCO is

divided into four Circles, 19 Divisions and 94 Subdivisions.

Breakdown Islamabad Circle (Islamabad Division 1,Islamabad Division 2,Barakahu Division) City Circle Rawalpindi Rawat Division,City Division,Cantt Division,Satellite Town

Division,Westridge Division,Tariqabad Division)

Attock Circle: Taxila Division,Pindigheb Division,Attock Division Chakwal Circle: Chakwal Division,Talagang Division,Dhudial Division,Pind Dadan Khan

Division

Jhelum Circle:Jhelum Division 1,Jhelum Division 2,Gujar Khan Division


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GRID STATIONS

NTDC operates and maintains twelve 500 KV and twenty nine 220 KV Grid Stations, 5077 km

of 500 KV transmission line and 7359 km of 220 KV transmission line in Pakistan.

LIST OF 220 KV GRID STATIONS

Figure : List of Grid Stations


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GRID STATION REWAT

500 KV Rawat grid station is connected to Ghazi Brotha Power House for

dispersal of power from Ghazi Brotha Hydro Power Project through two

Brotha - Rawat 500 KV transmission lines. It also connected with 500KVNokhar G/S through 500kv D/C and Tarbela Power House through 500KV

single circuit

GRID STATION SHEIKH MUHAMMADI PESHAWAR

500KV Sheikh Muhammadi G/Station was commissioned on 08.12.1995

with 1x450MVA, 500/220KV Auto T/F Banks and Second 1x450MVA,

500/220 KV Auto T/F Bank energized on 28.02.1996. The G/Stn. is

connected with Tarbela through 500 KV S/C four bundled T/Line

completed on 19.11.1992.

The G/Stn. is feeding 3x160 MVA, 220/132 KV Power T/Fs installed at the

said G/Stn.

6. Energy Demand and New Projects

Today Pakistan is facing demand supply gap of 4500-5000 MW. The supply-demand gap has

continuously grown over the past 5 years until reaching the existing levels. Such an

enormous gap has led to load-shedding of 12-16 hours across the country. Ministry of water

and power has shown interest and initiated some new projects to fill this gap; details of

these are given below.


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6.1 WIND POWER IN PAKISTAN

Wind Farm Project:

1:

Jhampir (Sindh) by Zurlo Energy engineering a

Turkish company 50 MW capacity with each

wind turbine of 1.2MW.Currently four turbines

are operational so far generating 4.8 MW.

2:

Fauji Fertilizer Company Energy Limited

(FFCEL) capacity of 49.5 MW .Nordex(Germany) and Descon Engineering Ltd.

(Pakistan) corporated .Installation of 33 Nos of

wind turbines (1.5 MW each) was successfully

completed in July 2012 and the project is now

in commissioning phase and will be

operational soon

6.2 ChinaPakistan Power Plant Corporation

China-Pakistan Power Plant Corporation is set up by both governments to build nuclear

power plants in Pakistan and China. This will help Pakistan energy requirements of 8,800

MW by 2030 by building six nuclear power plants of 300MW capacity each. Earlier China has

helped Pakistan in building Chasma Nuclear Power Complex.

6.3 NEELUM JHELUM HYDROPOWER PROJECT

The Project is running through Neelum Jhelum Hydro-Power Company (NJHPC) WAPDA,

headed by a Board of Directors (BOD). Neelum Jhelum Hydroelectric Project (NJHEP) is

located in the vicinity Muzaffarabad (AJ&K). It envisages the diversion of Neelum river water

through a tunnel out -falling into Jhelum River. The intake Neelum Jhelum is at Nauseri 41

Km East of Muzaffarabad. The Powerhouse will be constructed at Chatter Kalas, 22 Km

South of Muzaffarabad. After passing through the turbines the water will be released into

Jhelum River about 4 Km South of Chatter Kalas.Neelum Jhelum Hydroelectric Project has

installed capacity of 969 MW. The Project will produce 5.15 Billion units of electricity

annually. Its expected completion date is November, 2016.


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Figure : Map of NeelumJehlum Hydropower Project


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7. Conclusion

Pakistan has a huge energy potential and Pakistan power corporations are working hard to

utilize these potentials to the full; however there are certain problems regarding political

and economic stability. Private companies are also trying to produce their own electricity bysetting up power plants. Electricity shortage can be eradicated only by sincere efforts of

Pakistan government by completing existing projects and to build new dams.


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8. References

WAPDA (www.wapda.gov.pk) PEPCO (www.pepco.gov.pk) KESC (www.kesc.com.pk) International Energy Agency (www.iea.org) NTDC (www.ntdc.com.pk) National Power Policy 2013 Nuclear Power in the Middle East by Nick, Cypro, Washington University Press

2001

Wind Power in Pakistan by Engr. Muhammad Imran Qamar
http://www.wapda.gov.pk/http://www.wapda.gov.pk/http://www.wapda.gov.pk/http://www.pepco.gov.pk/http://www.pepco.gov.pk/http://www.pepco.gov.pk/http://www.kesc.com.pk/http://www.kesc.com.pk/http://www.kesc.com.pk/http://www.iea.org/http://www.iea.org/http://www.iea.org/http://www.ntdc.com.pk/http://www.ntdc.com.pk/http://www.ntdc.com.pk/http://www.ntdc.com.pk/http://www.iea.org/http://www.kesc.com.pk/http://www.pepco.gov.pk/http://www.wapda.gov.pk/

power corporations in pakistan 2014

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