poverty_alleviation in pakistan

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POVERTY

ALLEVIATION



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WHAT IS POVERTY

› Poverty is the lack of

basic human needs, such

as clean water , nutrition,

health care, education,clothing and shelter,

because of the inability to

afford them.



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POVERTY TRENDS: Consist

Estimates of Head Count

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PAKISTAN

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PAKISTANEXTN/Resources/pdf-Files-in-Events/Briefing-on-PRSP/OverviewAndTrends.pdf




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During 1990s…

Inflation in double digits for most the years.

Real Per Capita Income 1.3%.

Manufacturing sector growth ratefrom 9.1% in 1980s to 4.9% in 19

Development expenditure decrea

from 9.3% in 1980 to approx. 3%














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INCOME DISTRIBUTION TRENDS

Reference:

http://www.adb.org/documents/reports/poverty_pak/poverty.pdf




INCOME DISTRIBUTION TRENDS

Ref. : https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/re

https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources




Causes of poverty

Poor Governance

Economic Determinants

Social Determinantsi. Education’s role in poverty

. Environmental Degradation and PoveREF:

http://www.adb.org/documents/reports/poverty_pak/chapter_3.pdf





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CAUSES OF POVERT



A. POOR GOVERNAN

1. Governance, Political Instaband Poverty

2. Non Transparency in Resou

Allocation 3. Weak Public Sector Capacit

4. Inadequate Access to Justic



Investment

Fiscal Policy

Subsidies

Employment

Inflation

Remittances

B.ECONOMICDETERMINANTS



. Governance, PoliticInstability and Pover

1. Spending more on defense at theexpense of social sector.

2. Between 47-88, military governm

rules about 24 years out of 41 yrs3. (88-99)four elections and 9 chang

4. Involvement in war of Afghanistan



ECONOMICDETERMINANTS

Slow down in economic growth

Growth declined in all sector.

Debt burden increased

Mismanagement( low human capitadevelopment)



ECONOMICDETERMINANTS

Sources: Government of Pakistan , economic survey, Various issues.



EMPLOYMENT

Elasticity is estimated to be 0.4 ancontributes only 2/3 to employme

About 0.6 million people are tagge

unemployed every year.Unemployment rate has increased

7.8% - 6.1(men), 17.3 % (women)

reported in 2000



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Social Determinants

Lack of education:



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Lack of Education

Government expenditure on educin 2007 was 95.442 million that isof the total GDP.



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Lack of Education



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ENVIRONMENTAL



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ENVIRONMENTALDEGRADATION IN POVE

Impact on Health and linkages wpoverty

Effects of Degradation of NaturalResources



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RESPONSES TO POVERT

Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund

Poverty Reduction Strategy Pape

Microfinance Institutions

Rural Support Programmes

PAKISTAN POVERTY



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PAKISTAN POVERTYALLEVIATION FUND

Funded by the World Bank& IMF

Established in yr 2000

Provide Micro-credit Loansand grants forinfrastructure & capacitybuilding

RURAL SUPPORT



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RURAL SUPPORTPROGRAMMES

AGA KHAN RURALSUPPORT PROGRAMME

Established for small

farmers in northern areas 900,000 people benefitted

(till 2004)

Pa back rate of 98%

MICROFINANCE



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MICROFINANCEINSTITUTIONS



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references

MAIN SOURCES


http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PAKISTANEXTN/Resources/pdf-Files-


: https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources

ADDITIONAL READING FOR ASSISTANCE TO TOPIC

http://www.akmalhussain.net/Publish%20Work/PovertyAlleviationInPak

http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_pak_en

http://www.akmalhussain.net/Publish%20Work/PovertyAlleviationInPakistan/Forward.pdf







http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_pak_en.pdf












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