Poverty Reduction Programs in Indonesia

01

Background 02

Policies and Strategies 07

Programs 10

Best Practices 24

What Next: MP3KI 27

Tools 30

What We Can O!er 33

About BAPPENAS 35

CONTENT

02 03

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND

04 05

THE DISPARITY OF POVERTY RATE BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS

Poverty Rate 2004-2014

2004

0

5

10

15

12.13

20.11 19.98

13.47

21.81

12.52

20.37

11.65

18.93

10.72

17.35

9.87

16.56

9.32

15.72

14.72

8.60

11.68

20

25

2005 2006

Uraban Rural Others

72%

15%

6%

7%

Industry Unemployment Agriculture

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Percentage of poor people by areas, 2004-2012 Percentage of rural poor households by source of main income, March, 2010

36.15 35.10

39.30

37.17

34.96

32.5331.02

30.0229.13 28.59

16.66 15.97

17.7516.58

15.4214.15 13.33

12.49 11.96

11.66

8,0-10,09,5-10,5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2004 2005 2006 20072 008 2009 20102 011M ar-2012 Sep-2012 2013 2014Population of the Poor Poverty Rate Poverty Rate Target

10,5-11,511,5-12,5

12,5-13,5

10,5-11,5

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND

06 07

LABOUR FORCE &UNEMPLOYMENT

National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJM) 2010-2014

PERCENTAGE OF UNEMPLOYMENT

6,14% "2012#

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Feb-

05

Nop

-05

Feb-

06

Aug

-06

Feb-

07

Aug

-07

Feb-

08

Aug

-08

Feb-

09

Aug

-09

Feb-

10

Aug

-10

Feb-

11

Aug

-11

Feb-

12

Aug

-12

mill

ion

peop

le

Labor Force Unemployment

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

1988

19

89

1990

19

91

1992

19

93

1994

19

95

1996

19

97

1998

19

99

2000

20

01

2002

20

03

2004

Fe

b-05

Fe

b-06

A

ug-0

6 Fe

b-07

A

ug-0

7 Fe

b-08

A

ug-0

8 Fe

b-09

A

ug-0

9 Fe

b-10

A

ug-1

0 Fe

b-11

A

ug-1

1 Fe

b-12

A

ug-1

2

thou

sand

s pe

ople

Urban Rural

Unemployment Rural and Urban

PRO-GROWTH PRO-JOB PRO-POORPRO-

ENVIRONMENT

INDONESIA FOUR-TRACK DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

Bureaucracy Reform & Good Governance1

Education2

Health3

Poverty Reduction4

Food Resiliance5

Infrastructure6

Investment and business Climate7

Energy8

Environment and Disaster Management9

10

Culture, Creativity, & Technology Innovation11

Politic, Law, and Security+1

Economic+2

Social Welfare+3

RKP 2010(Government Annual Work Plan)

NATIONAL ECONOMY RECOVERY AND SUSTAINING THE WELFARE OF THE

PEOPLE

RKP 2011ACCELERATION OF THE ECONOMIC

GROWTH SUPPURTED BY

STRENGTHED GOOD GOVERNANCE & THE SINERGY OF CENTRAL-LOCAL

RKP 2013(Government Annual Work Plan)

NATIONAL ECONOMY RECOVERY AND SUSTAINING THE WELFARE OF THE

PEOPLE

RKP 2014(Government Annual Work Plan)

NATIONAL ECONOMY RECOVERY AND SUSTAINING THE WELFARE OF THE

PEOPLE

RKP 2012EXPANSION OF FAIR AND INCLUSIVE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR INCREASING PEOPLE’S WELFARE

BACKGROUND POLICIES and STRATEGIES

08 09

GOVERNMENT POLICY TO REDUCE POVERTY

Assistance & Social Protection

Program: rice subsidy, CCT, health insurance, scholar-ships,

UCT (in crisis), etc

Community Empowerment

Block grants & facilitation through PNPM to increase community capacity & self

reliance

SMEs Empowerment

Micro credits provision (< Rp 5 million) through banks, &

other types of financial assistance

1ST CLUSTER [Provide fish]

2nd CLUSTER [Facilitate with fish rod]

3rd CLUSTER [Assist to have fish-rod & boat]

Gradually improvement of the poor’s social & economic status

Target: the poorest, poor & near poor Households

Target: poor commu-nities of subdistricts

Target: SMEs

SELF

RELIANCE

Pro-Poor Program

1.� Housing 2.� transportation 3.� Clean water 4.� Electricity 5.�Fishermen livelihood 6.�Marginal group in urban areas

4th CLUSTER [Assist to have affordable basic

services in certain areas]

Clusters of Poverty Alleviation Programs

POLICIES and STRATEGIESPOLICIES and STRATEGIES

10 11

n Social protection framework is necessary to respond to various types of risks and vulberabilities.

It constitutes policies and programs that seek to reduce vulnerability to risks and enhance

status and rights of marginalizes group by protecting livelihood and promoting employment.

n Social Protection refers to the system of protective measures designed to assist individuals,

households and communities to manage risks and economic shocks, and to provide support to

the critically vulnerable.

n Social insurance is a component of social protection and includes the key social insurances,

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n Social assistance and social safety nets includes non-contributory measures targeted at

vulnerabe groups/individuals, such as poor, children, elderly, or disabled persons (mainly tax-

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SOCIAL PROTECTION

SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS

CLUSTER 1

Scholarship for the Poor Family Hope Program

�� 5LFH�IRU�WKH�3RRU�+RXVHKROGV��5DVNLQ��LV�DLPHG�DW�reducing the expenditure or the burden of poor families

through the rice provision for the poor households.

�� +HDOWK�&DUH�*XDUDQWHH�3URJUDP��-DPNHVPDV��LV�DLPHG�DW�SURWHFWLQJ�WKH�SRRU�IDPLOLHV�DJDLQVW�ÀQDQFLDO�ULVNV�GXULQJ�illnesses or health problems.

�� 6FKRODUVKLS�IRU�WKH�3RRU��%DQWXDQ�6LVZD�0LVNLQ���%60��is aimed at developing the quality of human resources

through the provision of the scholarship for school-aged

kids from poor families.

�� �)DPLO\�+RSH�3URJUDP��3URJUDP�.HOXDUJD�+DUDSDQ���3.+���LV�RQH�RI�VRFLDO�SURWHFWLRQ�SURJUDPV�ZKLFK�LV�XVLQJ�WKH�FRQGLWLRQDO�FDVK�WUDQVIHU�DSSURDFK��&&7��WR�FKDQJH�the behavious of very poor families to access the health

care and education basic services more.

PROGRAMSPROGRAMS

12 13

NATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM

7KH�*RYHUQPHQW�RI�,QGRQHVLD�KDV�WDNHQ�PDMRU�VWHSV��SDUWLFXODUO\�WKURXJK�WKH�implementation of Law No.11/2009 on Social Welfare and Law No.40/2004 on

WKH�1DWLRQDO�6RFLDO�,QVXUDQFH�6\VWHP��6-61���ZKLFK�SURYLGHV�WKH�OHJDO�EDVLV�IRU�XQLYHUVDO�VRFLDO�SURWHFWLRQ�FRYHUDJH��7KH�HQDFWPHQW�RI�ODZ�1R����������RQ�WKH�,QVWLWXWLRQDOL]DWLRQ�RI�6RFLDO�6HFXULW\��%3-6��KDV�HQGRUVHG�WKH�JRYHUQPHQW�WR�integrate and expand the current social insurance that are fragmented in several

institution.

CLUSTER 2

SUB!SYSTEM VOLUNTARY INSURANCE:

PROVIDE ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS OF INSURANCE

SUB!SYSTEM SOCIAL INSURANCE:

UNIVERSAL COVERAGE. NON POOR HAS AN OBLIGATION TO INSURE ALL RISKS "HEALTH, PENSION, INJURY, LIFE, ETC#

SUB!SYSTEM SOCIAL ASSISTANCE:

TO FULFIL THE BASIC NEEDS & TO IMPROVE THE CAPACITY OF THE POOR TO MOVE OUT OF POVERTY OR PREVENT FURTHER FALLING INTO POVERTY

SJSN

WHAT ISPNPM

3130�LV�DQ�XPEUHOOD�SROLF\�IRU�SURJUDPV�XVLQJ�FRPPXQLW\�HPSRZHUPHQW�DSSURDFK�ZKLFK�DWWHPSWV�WR�LQFUHDVH�FRPPXQLW\�FDSDFLW\�DQG�VHOI�KHOS�WR�FUHDWH�MREV�DQG�DFKLHYH�EHWWHU�standard of community welfare.

PROGRAMSPROGRAMS

14 15

2007 2012

Achievements and Lesson Learned

years on: 59.1% Per capita consumption Increase

households in PNPM Rural areas compare to non-PNPM Rural areas

For the poorest

of households, consumption increase

of kecamatan, households consumption increase

20%For the poorest

20%11.8%

12.7%

PNPM RURAL ACHIEVEMENTSPNPM Rural aims at reducing poverty and improve local-level governance in rural areas of Indonesia through the provision of investment resources to support productive proposals developed by communities, using a participatory planning process.2011: 63,000 villages/5,020 sub-districts/393 districts

PNPMURBAN

ACHIEVEMENTS

39%

Community Participation

Level

Gotong Royong

Planning

Improved capacity of community organizations

For PNPM Urban, community participation is considerably high

from improved socio-economic and local governance condi-tions. 2011: 10,948 urban wards in 268 cities/districts

RESULT OFPNPM

Good quality infrastructure exceeded of target70%

women participation level and the poorest community members’ participation level

40%

PROGRAMSPROGRAMS

16 17

INFRASTRUCTURE ACTIVITIES

SOCIALACTIVITIES

ECONOMICACTIVITIES

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Activity of Posyandu

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Women entrepreneur groups are weaving

traditional clothes

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%.0�LV�SURYLGLQJ��IUHH�PHGLFDO�VHUYLFH

PROGRAMSPROGRAMS

18 19

CLUSTER 3PEOPLE’S ENTREPRENEURSHIP CREDIT "KUR# SCHEME

.85�SURJUDP�LV�D�FRPELQDWLRQ�RI�JRYHUQPHQW·V�FUHGLW�JXDUDQWHH�VFKHPH��DQG�EDQNV·�FUHGLW�IRU�&RRSHUDWLYHV�DQG�060(V��&�060(V�

Objective:�LQFUHDVH�&�060(V·�DFFHVV�WR�ÀQDQFH

Target:�IHDVLEOH�EXW�QRQ�EDQNDEOH�&�060(V

7KH�SURJUDP�ZDV�ODXQFKHG�E\�,QGRQHVLDQ�3UHVLGHQW�LQ�1RYHPEHU������

Regulatory Committee/ Implementing Unit

Debitor

BANK Guarantee Institutions

Guarantee Institutions

1. Credit

application

2. Credit

agreement

3. Automatic

Guarantee

4. Guarantee

Compensation

5. Regulation,

Monitoring &

Evaluation

Sosialization,

Capacity

Building for

C-MSMEs

feasible to

apply for loan

PROGRAMSPROGRAMS

20 21

KURTYPES

Max loan of 20 million IDR; Credit interest up to 22 percent e!ective per year;Not require to be checked for Debtor Information System (Sistem Informasi Debitur – SID).

Loan between 20 million IDR to 500 billion IDR;Credit interest up to 14 percent e!ective per year;Require to be checked for Debtor Information System (Sistem Informasi Debitur – SID).

Credit volume up to 500 billion IDR for channeling scheme, with interest rate similar to KUR Micro and Retail;Credit volume up to 2 trillion IDR for executing scheme with inter-est rate up to 14 percent for linkage institution and 22 percent for end users (C-MSMEs) e!ective per year.

KUR Micro

KUR Retail

KUR Linkage

���������������� � More than 100.2 trillion IDR KUR have been disbursed to more than 7.8 million C-MSMEs since November 2007 until 31 January 2013.Most of KUR disbursed to C-MSMEs in trade, restaurant and hotel sector (57,25 % of total KUR volume, and 67,50 % of total debtor); and agriculture sector (16,93 % of total KUR volume, and 14,28 % of total debtor).The number of debitors of KUR from 2007 to Jan. 31, 2013 is 7.85 million.

ACCESS TO FINANCE

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�� ����������������±��02.%1+,�!�� ��'+&+,6(�

������������������ ± 53,21 million units (98.5%)

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PROGRAMSPROGRAMS

22 23

CLUSTER 4

Focus in urban areas, less developed regions, and coastal areas

TargetsCheap houses: In 2012, there will be 141, 983 units (IDR 6 millions each).

A"ordable transportation: In 2014, the public transportation with less than 1000cc will be avail-able.

Clean water:2011-2014, clean water will be avail-able in 205 selected coastal areas and 200 villages.

A"ordable electricity:In 2011-2014, there will be 28,933 electrical grids directly to poor houses.

ECONOMIC GROWTH &POVERTY RATES

Although there was an economic crisis, the poverty rate

was still declining in 2009 because of the poverty reduction

SURJUDPV�ZLWK�IRXU�FOXVWHUHG�DIÀUPDWLYH�SROLFLHV�

7KHUH�ZDV�IXHO�SULFH�KLNH�DW�WKH�HQG�RI�������,W�DIIHFWHG�WKH�HFRQRPLF�JURZWK��3RYHUW\�UDWH�LQFUHDVHG��7KHUH�ZDV�QR�comprehensive programs to alleviate the poverty in Indone-

sia at that time.

PROGRAMSPROGRAMS

24 25

“Zero Capital” And “Soap“ Rotary-Saving Clubs“Increasing Access to Clean Water Using Micro!nance” (An Inspiration from the PKH group at Serpeng and at Kranggan Gunungsari)at Kranggan Gunungsari)

PKH group at Serpeng and Kranggan Gunungsari develop unique activities to help each other. At Serpeng, they $rst create a $ctitious rotary-saving clubs. They imagine getting a big loan. However, they pay the installments for real. This way, they manage to raise funds to start real saving and loan activity. Meanwhile, at Kranggan, the rotary-saving club is not in form of cash saving. The group uses sachet of soap as a mean of saving.

By: Theresia RatnawangiPKH facilitator in Semanu sub district, Gunung Kidul, DI Yogyakarta

“Sorry Miss, I Have a Lots of Kids”(Inspired by Tri Wardani, an RTSM in Semuluh Kidul)

The PKH group informed me that Tri Wardani, who had already seven kids, was pregnant again. She refused to check her pregnancy to the Puskesmas. Her eldest child was suspended from school. I and the group leader came to meet her. We manage to persuade Tri Wardani that, since she was a PKH recipient, she has to check the pregnancy and get on the birth control program. She understood and apologized for all the things that happened. “I’m sorry mam, for I have lots of kids,” she said.

By: DeswandiPKH facilitator in Kampar sub district, Kampar, Riau

BEST PRACTICES

BEST PRACTICESBEST PRACTICES

Expanding piped water services does not by itself guarantee increased access to clean water, as there is a substantial upfront cost that many families around the country can not a!ord. On average, new customers must pay a connection fee of approximately US$ 150 to tap into a municipal piped water system. This charge can be as high as US$ 300, in case where the pipe network has to be extended in order to reach neighborhood.

Indonesia Urban Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (IUWASH) ramp up an approach implemented under the Environmental Services Program (ESP), whereby new customers can amortize cost of a new connection through a partnership between the water utility and local micro$nance institution (MFI). This is an innovative and a!ordable way for the community to access basic services using $nancial inclusion.

27

WHAT NEXT:MP3KI

Dollar Producer TubIn Kolese, a sub district in Bau-bau, Southeast Sulawesi, 126 poor families make their living from seaweed breeding. Those citizens then suggested using funds from PNPM Mandiri Urban to build a seaweed washing tub. The infrastructure would ease and accelerate their work. The poor citizens are now able to breed more seaweed than before. The harvest doubled and their income increased.

By: TF 15PNPM Mandiri Urban facilitator in Bau-bau, Southeast Sulawesi

After Dark, Rise the Light in Watusampu

Twittering Bird Breeding

In Watusampu, a sub district which is located only 13 kilometers from the city of Palu; people are still living in darkness. In 2010, the residents used a 3 million rupiah funds from PNPM Mandiri Urban to purchase equipment to build a micro hydro power plant. However, they still had to collect 6 million rupiah and worked hand in hand to build the installation. In January 2011, they managed to electrify 30 houses. Now, they plan to build the second power plant.

By: Babul Jannah Sri HafsaPNPM Urban facilitator in Palu, Central Sulawesi

Mrs. Supiyah and two friends from the SPP group received a loan - Rp. 3 millions (equivalent US$ 310) from PNPM Mandiri Rural since 2006. At the beginning, the three women used the money to produce birds food. Later on, they decided to breed twittering birds. After 6 years getting $nancial support (micro-loans) from PNPM Mandiri and their desire to expand their business to cater growing demand on twittering birds which required larger capital, they decided to get a larger loan – Rp. 40 million (over US$ 4000) from Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). She now has 6 permanent labosr and 10 temporary labors with revenue around Rp. 20 million (US$ 2000) per month with total assets around Rp. 1.0 billion (US$ 100K).

By: Mrs. SupiyahWomen’s Loan and Saving group of village Banyuaeng, Karangnongko sub-district, Klaten, Central Java.

0$67(53/$1�2)�$&&(/(5$7,21��(;3$16,21�2)�329(57<�5('8&7,21�,1�,1'21(6,$

INDEPENDENT, ADVANCED, FAIR AND PROSPEROUS

PROSPEROUS, FREE FROM ABSOLUTE POVERTY AND HAS HIGH CAPABILITY TO SUSTAIN THE LIVELIHOOD

Requirements of MP3KI Supporting Institution and ImplementationRequirements on economic condition: growth and economic stability

To create national social protection systemTo increase basic services for the poor and the vulnerableTo develop the livelihood of the poor and the vulnerable

Preparation of the institutionalization

of BPJS (social protection

implementation agency) and the

supply side support

Development of corridors of islands and special zones in growth center and non-growth center

areas

Expansion of targeted programs

MP3KI VISION

MP3KI MISSION

MAIN STRATEGY

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

WHAT NEXT: MP3KIBEST PRACTICES

28 29

SCENARIO TO ACCELERATE AND TO EXPAND POVERTY REDUCTION IN INDONESIA

STAGES OF MP3KI IMPLEMENTATION

RECONSOLIDATION (YEAR 2013-2014)

TRANSFORMATION AND EXPANSION(YEAR 2015-2020)

SUSTAINABILITY (YEAR 2021-2025)

Reduce Poverty Rate to 8% - 10% in 2014;

Synergize existing Poverty Alleviation Programs

Implementation of Sustainable livelihood and its link with the MP3EI

Completion of BPJS of health sector in 2014 .

Poverty Alleviation Program transformation;

Expand the coverage of social safety to reach universal coverage;

Completion of BPJS of employment security sector;

Strengthening sustainable livelihood.

Strengthening the integrated Poverty Alleviation Program;

Universal coverage of Social Safety Program.

2010 GDP: USD 700 Billion Income/capita USD 3,000

2025 GDP: USD 4-4,5 Trillion Income/capita Estimated USD 14,250 – 15,500

2045 GDP: USD 15-17,5 Trillion Income/capita Estimated USD 44,500 – 49,000

WHAT NEXT: MP3KIWHAT NEXT: MP3KI

30 31

UNIFIED DATA BASEFOR SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAM & POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAM

One of the main challenges in poverty reduction program is to identify correctly the target groups which will receive the programs based on the program objectives and the bene$ciery criteria. It is very important to identify the programs recepients who are eligible. The e!ectiveness of the targeting will impact directly towards the success of the social protection and poverty reduction programs.

To support the development of uni$ed data base for social protection and poverty reduction programs, the National Team to Accelerate the Poverty Reduction in Indonesia (TNP2K) at Vice President’s o%ce, cooperates with the National Bureau of Statistics (BPS) to conduct the survey and develop the methodology.

The national uni$ed data base covers 24 million households with the lowest 40% socio-economic conditions. The number and the percentage in each region are di!erent based on the poverty level in each areas. Besides names and addresses, information related to household condition, household level characteristics or individual poor can be obtained in the uni$ed database. In the future, the uni$ed data base will be linked with the local poverty data and participatory poverty data identi$ed by the communities.

Bene$ery Criteria of Social Protection Program & Poverty Reduction Programs

Uni$ed Data Base

Health Care Program

Education Program

Conditional Cash Transfer

Other Poverty Reduction Programs

PNPM Mandiri

Decided by Related Ministries or Local

Governments

The criteria will be applied to uni!ed data

base

List (by name, by address) for the

target group of each program

P3BM TOOLS

PRO POOR PLANNING, BUDGETING AND MONITORING

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Database

MDGs Scorecard

Chart Priority

Poverty Mapping

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TOOLSTOOLS

32 33

WHAT WE CAN OFFER:SOUTH TO SOUTH COOPERATION

KNOWLEDGE SHARING

1980

2012

2009

Participant Bali, in July

FacilitateCooperation

Host high-level meeting“Towards Country - Led

Knowledge Hubs”

GoI’s e!ort to generate and exchange knowledge gained from Indonesia’s own development experiences, in particular related to Indonesia’s &agship community empowerment program (PNPM Mandiri).

Exchange of knowledge can be conducted in the form of workshop, #eld visit, and training.

INTEGRATED MIS FOR PNPM MANDIRI: SIMPADU PNPM MANDIRI

http://simpadu-pnpm.bappenas.go.id

SIMPADU has the overall objectives to capture all PNPM sectors data on the form of uni$ed database to improve program synergy, monitoring and evaluation.

WHAT WE CAN OFFERTOOLS

34 35

WHAT WE CAN OFFER:SOUTH TO SOUTH COOPERATIONKNOWLEDGE SHARING

Bappenas has four interrelated roles in the Government of Indonesia: as policy maker, as coordinator, as think-tank, and as administrator.

1. POLICY MAKER Bappenas determines policies and programs in long-term national

development plan (RPJPN), medium-term national development plan (RPJMN) and annual national development work plan (RKP). For RKP, this includes the government budget estimates. In addition to the tasks as policy maker in planning/ planner, BAPPENAS also plays role in determin-ing large-scaled and urgent policies, such as the handling of natural disaster and climate change.

2. COORDINATOR Bappenas has role to coordinate the development stakeholders, both in

planning context and other tasks assigned by president/ government.

3. THINK-TANK Bappenas conducts studies and evaluation of development policies, as

well as inputs for the national development plan preparation and the

formulation of other strategic policies.

4. ADMINISTRATOR As an administrator, Bappenas manages planning documents, including

loans and grants (PHLN); prepares and manages reports of the develop-ment plan monitoring and implementation; prepares and manages national development evaluation reports.

Contact Info:Kementerian Negara PPN/BAPPENAS

Jl. Taman Surapati No. 2,Jakarta 10310

Telepon/Fax: 021-3915227/ 021-3925595www. Bappenas.go.id

ABOUT NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING MINISTRY/ NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AGENCY (BAPPENAS)

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ABOUT BAPPENASWHAT WE CAN OFFER

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Capital City: Jakarta Population: 206.264.595 – 237.641.326 (2010)

Poverty:National Poverty Rate : 17,75%(2006) – 11,96%(2012)Poverty Rate (US$1 PPP) : 8,50%(2006) – 0,95%(2011)Poverty Rate (US$2 PPP) : 49,60%(2006) – 23,74%(2011)

Disparity:Poverty Gap Index: 3,43(2006) – 1,88(2012)Poverty Saverity Index: 1,00(2006) – 0,47(2012)Gini Coe%tient: 0,36(2006) – 0,41(2012)

Human Development Index: 70,10(2006) – 72,77(2011)