poverty headcount ratio at $1.90/day (% population) · poverty headcount ratio at $1.90/day (%...

1 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities

Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.

Indicator Value Rating Trend

Estimated percentage of the population that in 2018 is living under the poverty threshold of US$ 1.90 a day. Estimated using historical estimates of income distribution, projections of population changes by age and educational attainment, and GDP projections.Source: World Data Lab (2018) Year of reference: 2018

Gabon 2.6 • LTajikistan 2.8 • LBrazil 2.9 • LMexico 2.9 • LEcuador 3.2 • LNicaragua 3.2 • LGrenada 3.5 • L

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 3.9 • 5

Romania 4.2 • LBangladesh 4.4 • LColombia 4.6 • LBolivia 4.7 • L

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 5.0 • 5

India 5.2 • LIndonesia 5.3 • LNepal 5.6 • LGuyana 5.6 • LPhilippines 5.8 • LMauritania 6.2 • LGuatemala 8.0 • DUzbekistan 9.6 • LGhana 10.0 • 5Myanmar 10.0 • LBelize 10.7 • 5Kiribati 11.3 • LVanuatu 11.9 • 5Libya 12.5 • pLao PDR 13.7 • LDjibouti 14.8 • LVenezuela, RB 15.5 • pCabo Verde 16.3 • DEthiopia 16.4 • LHonduras 16.8 • DBotswana 16.8 • DSudan 17.8 • pTimor-Leste 17.9 • LSuriname 20.3 • 5Comoros 21.4 • 5Haiti 21.8 • DCameroon 22.0 • DNamibia 22.8 • DCôte d'Ivoire 23.0 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 23.7 • DSolomon Islands 23.9 • DSouth Africa 24.6 • 5St. Lucia 27.9 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 28.1 • p

Mali 28.1 • LKenya 29.0 • DPapua New Guinea 30.2 • DBurkina Faso 30.4 • pAngola 30.5 • 5Senegal 30.9 • 5Guinea 31.3 • pUganda 32.0 • DLiberia 34.3 • 5Zimbabwe 34.3 • DAfghanistan 34.6 • 5Tanzania 37.7 • DEritrea 38.0 • 5Gambia 39.5 • pKorea, Dem. Rep. 40.1 • 5Niger 41.0 • 5Sierra Leone 41.6 • LNigeria 42.6 • 5Chad 43.6 • 5Togo 44.1 • LeSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 44.8 • pRwanda 45.5 • DBenin 47.0 • 5Congo 50.8 • pSomalia 52.6 • 5Lesotho 53.1 • 5Zambia 53.6 • 5Guinea-Bissau 58.2 • 5Mozambique 66.5 • 5Malawi 66.6 • 5

Democratic Republic of Congo

70.5 • 5

Burundi 74.3 • 5Madagascar 76.6 • pCentral African Republic 77.8 • pSouth Sudan 85.0 • pYemen, Rep. 86.0 • pAndorra NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90/day (% population)

Costa Rica 0.0 • 5Thailand 0.0 • 5Azerbaijan 0.0 • 5Qatar 0.0 • 5Russian Federation 0.0 • 5Samoa 0.0 • 5New Zealand 0.0 • 5Turkey 0.0 • 5Brunei Darussalam 0.0 • 5Montenegro 0.0 • 5Switzerland 0.0 • 5Kazakhstan 0.0 • 5Kuwait 0.0 • 5United Arab Emirates 0.0 • 5Uruguay 0.0 • 5Jordan 0.0 • 5Lebanon 0.0 • 5Poland 0.0 • 5Turkmenistan 0.0 • 5Saudi Arabia 0.1 • 5Moldova 0.1 • 5Malta 0.1 • 5Finland 0.1 • 5Belarus 0.1 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.1 • 5Bahrain 0.1 • 5Luxembourg 0.1 • 5Ukraine 0.1 • 5Ireland 0.1 • 5Cambodia 0.1 • LGermany 0.1 • 5Bhutan 0.1 • LCyprus 0.1 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.1 • 5Australia 0.1 • 5United Kingdom 0.1 • 5France 0.1 • 5Argentina 0.1 • 5Oman 0.1 • 5Iceland 0.2 • 5Netherlands 0.2 • 5Mongolia 0.2 • 5Serbia 0.2 • 5Slovenia 0.2 • 5Mauritius 0.2 • 5Belgium 0.2 • 5Tonga 0.3 • 5Norway 0.3 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 0.3 • 5

Austria 0.3 • 5Czech Republic 0.3 • 5Algeria 0.3 • 5Sri Lanka 0.4 • LFiji 0.4 • 5Israel 0.4 • 5Denmark 0.4 • 5Albania 0.4 • 5Sweden 0.4 • 5Canada 0.4 • 5China 0.4 • LMorocco 0.4 • 5Chile 0.4 • 5Estonia 0.5 • 5Dominican Republic 0.5 • 5Korea, Rep. 0.5 • 5United States 0.5 • 5Japan 0.5 • 5Hungary 0.6 • 5Panama 0.6 • LTunisia 0.6 • LEgypt 0.7 • 5Jamaica 0.7 • 5Latvia 0.7 • 5Portugal 0.8 • 5Croatia 0.8 • 5Paraguay 0.9 • LSeychelles 0.9 • 5Vietnam 0.9 • LSpain 0.9 • 5Singapore 1.0 • 5Slovak Republic 1.0 • 5Iraq 1.0 • LLithuania 1.1 • 5Italy 1.1 • 5El Salvador 1.2 • LArmenia 1.2 • 5Greece 1.4 • 5Bulgaria 1.4 • 5Malaysia 1.4 • LBarbados 1.5 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 1.6 • LCuba 1.6 • LAntigua and Barbuda 1.8 • LBahamas, The 1.9 • 5Georgia 2.4 • LMaldives 2.5 • LPeru 2.5 • LPakistan 2.6 • L

SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities2



Estimated proportion of the population that will be living under the poverty threshold of US$ 1.90 a day in 2030. Countries whose poverty rate is projected to increase receive a red rating for this indicator. Conversely, countries projected to decrease their poverty rate by at least 50% will not receive a red rating. Estimated using historical estimates of income distribution, projections of population changes by age and educational attainment, and GDP projections.Source: World Data Lab (2018) Year of reference: 2018

Iraq 0.9 • ••Singapore 0.9 • ••Italy 1.1 • ••Bulgaria 1.1 • ••Uzbekistan 1.1 • ••Peru 1.1 • ••Greece 1.2 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 1.2 • ••Mexico 1.2 • ••Guyana 1.2 • ••Barbados 1.3 • ••Mauritania 1.4 • ••Brazil 1.6 • ••Ethiopia 1.6 • ••Bahamas, The 1.7 • ••Colombia 1.7 • ••Grenada 1.9 • ••Timor-Leste 2.0 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 2.3 • ••Romania 2.5 • ••Ecuador 2.5 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2.6 • ••Myanmar 2.7 • ••Ghana 2.9 • ••Bolivia 3.0 • ••Djibouti 4.4 • ••Guatemala 4.5 • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 6.6 • ••Cabo Verde 7.1 • ••Vanuatu 7.6 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 7.9 • ••Libya 9.4 • ••Kiribati 9.7 • ••Botswana 10.2 • ••Belize 10.6 • ••Burkina Faso 10.7 • ••Honduras 10.9 • ••Cameroon 12.6 • ••Sierra Leone 12.8 • ••Uganda 13.2 • ••Kenya 13.6 • ••Sudan 13.6 • ••Senegal 14.0 • ••Guinea 14.3 • ••Tanzania 14.8 • ••Zimbabwe 15.1 • ••Haiti 15.5 • ••

Rwanda 16.2 • ••Afghanistan 16.6 • ••Liberia 16.7 • ••Suriname 16.9 • ••Mali 17.1 • ••Solomon Islands 17.2 • ••Namibia 17.6 • ••Comoros 17.7 • ••Eritrea 19.9 • ••Yemen, Rep. 21.8 • ••South Africa 22.2 • ••St. Lucia 22.3 • ••Venezuela, RB 23.4 • ••Papua New Guinea 23.7 • ••Angola 24.9 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 28.2 • ••Niger 28.4 • ••Togo 28.7 • ••Benin 29.2 • ••Gambia 29.9 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 31.2 • ••Chad 35.8 • ••Mozambique 39.9 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 40.3 • ••Guinea-Bissau 41.4 • ••Nigeria 44.0 • ••Zambia 47.0 • ••Lesotho 47.2 • ••Malawi 47.9 • ••Somalia 50.3 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo

59.8 • ••Congo 60.6 • ••Madagascar 62.7 • ••Central African Republic 68.6 • ••Burundi 84.4 • ••South Sudan 95.5 • ••Andorra NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Projected poverty headcount ratio at $1.90/day in 2030 (% population)

Costa Rica 0.0 • ••Philippines 0.0 • ••Samoa 0.0 • ••Thailand 0.0 • ••Jamaica 0.0 • ••Panama 0.0 • ••Azerbaijan 0.0 • ••Russian Federation 0.0 • ••Turkey 0.0 • ••Cambodia 0.0 • ••Bhutan 0.0 • ••Qatar 0.0 • ••Uruguay 0.0 • ••Turkmenistan 0.0 • ••Kazakhstan 0.0 • ••Montenegro 0.0 • ••Brunei Darussalam 0.0 • ••Bangladesh 0.0 • ••Jordan 0.0 • ••Moldova 0.0 • ••Kuwait 0.0 • ••New Zealand 0.0 • ••United Arab Emirates 0.0 • ••Sri Lanka 0.0 • ••Lebanon 0.0 • ••Switzerland 0.0 • ••Poland 0.0 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.0 • ••Fiji 0.0 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0 • ••Dominican Republic 0.0 • ••Ukraine 0.0 • ••Saudi Arabia 0.0 • ••Mongolia 0.0 • ••Malta 0.0 • ••Indonesia 0.0 • ••Morocco 0.1 • ••Belarus 0.1 • ••Bahrain 0.1 • ••China 0.1 • ••Finland 0.1 • ••Serbia 0.1 • ••Ireland 0.1 • ••Cyprus 0.1 • ••Luxembourg 0.1 • ••Mauritius 0.1 • ••Germany 0.1 • ••Australia 0.1 • ••United Kingdom 0.1 • ••

Albania 0.1 • ••Egypt 0.1 • ••India 0.1 • ••Oman 0.1 • ••Argentina 0.1 • ••Tonga 0.1 • ••Tunisia 0.1 • ••France 0.1 • ••Iceland 0.2 • ••Netherlands 0.2 • ••Paraguay 0.2 • ••Slovenia 0.2 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 0.2 • ••Vietnam 0.2 • ••Chile 0.2 • ••Pakistan 0.2 • ••Belgium 0.2 • ••Georgia 0.2 • ••Norway 0.3 • ••Czech Republic 0.3 • ••Israel 0.3 • ••Austria 0.3 • ••Algeria 0.3 • ••Armenia 0.4 • ••Denmark 0.4 • ••Estonia 0.4 • ••Sweden 0.4 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0.4 • ••Canada 0.4 • ••El Salvador 0.4 • ••Hungary 0.5 • ••Korea, Rep. 0.5 • ••United States 0.5 • ••Japan 0.5 • ••Lao PDR 0.5 • ••Nepal 0.5 • ••Maldives 0.6 • ••Latvia 0.6 • ••Gabon 0.6 • ••Nicaragua 0.6 • ••Croatia 0.6 • ••Cuba 0.6 • ••Portugal 0.7 • ••Malaysia 0.7 • ••Seychelles 0.7 • ••Tajikistan 0.8 • ••Spain 0.9 • ••Lithuania 0.9 • ••Slovak Republic 0.9 • ••




Relative poverty is measured as the share of the population whose incomes fall below half the median disposable income for the entire population. The income threshold for relative poverty changes over time with changes in median disposable income.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Poverty rate after taxes and transfers, poverty line 50% (% population)(OECD Member States)

Denmark 5.5 • 5Finland 6.3 • 5Czech Republic 6.4 • 5Iceland 6.5 • 5Netherlands 7.9 • 5France 8.1 • 5Luxembourg 8.1 • 5Norway 8.1 • 5Slovak Republic 8.4 • 5Austria 8.7 • 5Ireland 9.2 • 5Slovenia 9.2 • 5Sweden 9.2 • 5Germany 9.5 • 5Belgium 9.8 • 5Switzerland 9.9 • 5Hungary 10.1 • pNew Zealand 10.9 • p

United Kingdom 10.9 • 5Poland 11.1 • pPortugal 12.6 • pAustralia 12.8 • LItaly 13.7 • pKorea, Rep. 13.8 • DCanada 14.2 • pGreece 14.9 • pSpain 15.3 • pChile 16.1 • LEstonia 16.1 • pJapan 16.1 • ••Latvia 16.2 • pMexico 16.7 • LUnited States 16.8 • 5Turkey 17.2 • DIsrael 17.7 • p




The percentage of the population whose food intake is insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements for minimum one year. Dietary energy requirements are defined as the amount of dietary energy required by an individual to maintain body functions, health and normal activity. FAO et al. (2015) report 14.7 million undernourished people in developed regions, which corresponds to an average prevalence of 1.17% in the developed regions. We assumed a 1.2% prevalence rate for each high-income country (World Bank, 2018) with missing data. Source: FAO (2018) Year of reference: 2015

Gabon 7.0 • ••Georgia 7.0 • ••Colombia 7.1 • ••Ghana 7.6 • ••Cameroon 7.9 • ••Indonesia 7.9 • ••Nigeria 7.9 • ••Peru 7.9 • ••Suriname 7.9 • ••Nepal 8.1 • ••Jamaica 8.4 • ••Guyana 8.5 • ••Maldives 8.5 • ••Moldova 8.5 • ••Panama 9.3 • ••Thailand 9.5 • ••China 9.6 • ••Bahamas, The 10.0 • ••Benin 10.3 • ••Vietnam 10.7 • ••Gambia 10.9 • ••Niger 11.3 • ••Senegal 11.3 • ••Togo 11.5 • ••Paraguay 12.0 • ••Ecuador 12.1 • ••El Salvador 12.3 • ••Djibouti 12.8 • ••Venezuela, RB 13.0 • ••Dominican Republic 13.5 • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 13.5 • ••Cabo Verde 13.7 • ••Philippines 13.8 • ••Solomon Islands 13.9 • ••Angola 14.0 • ••India 14.5 • ••Lesotho 14.5 • ••Honduras 14.8 • ••Bangladesh 15.1 • ••Cambodia 15.3 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 15.4 • ••Guatemala 15.6 • ••Myanmar 16.9 • ••Nicaragua 17.0 • ••St. Lucia 17.0 • ••Lao PDR 17.1 • ••Guinea 17.5 • ••Kenya 19.1 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 19.6 • ••

Mongolia 19.6 • ••Pakistan 19.9 • ••Bolivia 20.2 • ••Burkina Faso 20.2 • ••Sri Lanka 22.1 • ••Afghanistan 23.0 • ••Grenada 25.5 • ••Sudan 25.6 • ••Malawi 25.9 • ••Botswana 26.0 • ••Mozambique 26.6 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 26.7 • ••Timor-Leste 26.9 • ••Iraq 27.8 • ••Congo 28.2 • ••Guinea-Bissau 28.3 • ••Ethiopia 28.8 • ••Namibia 28.8 • ••Yemen, Rep. 28.8 • ••Tajikistan 30.1 • ••Sierra Leone 30.9 • ••Tanzania 32.3 • ••Chad 32.5 • ••Uganda 39.0 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 40.8 • ••Rwanda 41.1 • ••Madagascar 42.3 • ••Liberia 42.8 • ••Zimbabwe 44.7 • ••Zambia 45.9 • ••Haiti 46.8 • ••Central African Republic 58.6 • ••Bhutan NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Democratic Republic of Congo

NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Libya NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Andorra 1.2 • ••Bahrain 1.2 • ••Liechtenstein 1.2 • ••Monaco 1.2 • ••Nauru 1.2 • ••Qatar 1.2 • ••San Marino 1.2 • ••Seychelles 1.2 • ••Singapore 1.2 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 1.2 • ••Australia 2.5 • ••Austria 2.5 • ••Azerbaijan 2.5 • ••Belarus 2.5 • ••Belgium 2.5 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.5 • ••Brazil 2.5 • ••Brunei Darussalam 2.5 • ••Canada 2.5 • ••Croatia 2.5 • ••Cuba 2.5 • ••Czech Republic 2.5 • ••Denmark 2.5 • ••Estonia 2.5 • ••Finland 2.5 • ••France 2.5 • ••Germany 2.5 • ••Greece 2.5 • ••Hungary 2.5 • ••Iceland 2.5 • ••Ireland 2.5 • ••Israel 2.5 • ••Italy 2.5 • ••Japan 2.5 • ••Kazakhstan 2.5 • ••Korea, Rep. 2.5 • ••Kuwait 2.5 • ••Latvia 2.5 • ••Lithuania 2.5 • ••Luxembourg 2.5 • ••Malaysia 2.5 • ••Malta 2.5 • ••Montenegro 2.5 • ••Netherlands 2.5 • ••New Zealand 2.5 • ••Norway 2.5 • ••Poland 2.5 • ••Portugal 2.5 • ••Romania 2.5 • ••

Russian Federation 2.5 • ••Slovenia 2.5 • ••Spain 2.5 • ••Sweden 2.5 • ••Switzerland 2.5 • ••Turkey 2.5 • ••Ukraine 2.5 • ••United Kingdom 2.5 • ••United States 2.5 • ••Uruguay 2.5 • ••Slovak Republic 3.1 • ••Samoa 3.2 • ••Kiribati 3.3 • ••Bulgaria 3.4 • ••Morocco 3.5 • ••Argentina 3.6 • ••Chile 3.7 • ••United Arab Emirates 3.8 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 3.9 • ••Mali 4.0 • ••Jordan 4.2 • ••Mexico 4.2 • ••Armenia 4.4 • ••Barbados 4.4 • ••Saudi Arabia 4.4 • ••Egypt 4.5 • ••Algeria 4.6 • ••Fiji 4.6 • ••South Africa 4.6 • ••Cyprus 4.7 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 4.8 • ••Albania 4.9 • ••Tunisia 5.0 • ••Mauritius 5.2 • ••Mauritania 5.3 • ••Lebanon 5.4 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 5.5 • ••Turkmenistan 5.5 • ••Costa Rica 5.6 • ••Serbia 5.6 • ••Dominica 5.8 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

6.0 • ••Belize 6.2 • ••Oman 6.2 • ••Uzbekistan 6.3 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 6.4 • ••Vanuatu 6.9 • ••

Prevalence of undernourishment (% population)




The percentage of children up to the age of 5 years who are stunted, measured as the percentage that fall below minus two standard deviations from the median height for their age, according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. UNICEF et al. (2016) report an average prevalence of wasting in high-income countries of 2.58%. We assumed this value for high-income countries with missing data.Source: UNICEF et al. (2018) Year of reference: 2002–2015

São Tomé and Príncipe 17.2 • LGabon 17.5 • DAzerbaijan 18.0 • LGhana 18.7 • LTurkmenistan 18.9 • LPanama 19.1 • DBelize 19.3 • LSenegal 19.4 • LUzbekistan 19.6 • DBrunei Darussalam 19.7 • LMaldives 20.3 • 5Armenia 20.8 • LLibya 21.0 • DCongo 21.2 • DHaiti 21.9 • DMauritania 22.0 • 5Egypt 22.3 • LIraq 22.6 • 5Honduras 22.7 • 5Nicaragua 23.0 • DAlbania 23.1 • 5Namibia 23.1 • LVietnam 23.3 • LSouth Africa 23.9 • DNauru 24.0 • ••Gambia 25.0 • 5Ecuador 25.2 • DSomalia 25.3 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 25.5 • DKenya 26.0 • DEquatorial Guinea 26.2 • DTajikistan 26.8 • 5Bolivia 27.2 • LSyrian Arab Republic 27.5 • DTogo 27.5 • LGuinea-Bissau 27.6 • DZimbabwe 27.6 • DKorea, Dem. Rep. 27.9 • 5Vanuatu 28.5 • DAngola 29.2 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 29.6 • DPhilippines 30.3 • DSouth Sudan 31.1 • pBotswana 31.4 • LCameroon 31.7 • DComoros 32.1 • DLiberia 32.1 • DSolomon Islands 32.8 • DNigeria 32.9 • L

Lesotho 33.2 • DCambodia 33.5 • LDjibouti 33.5 • DBhutan 33.6 • DUganda 33.7 • DBenin 34.0 • LTanzania 34.8 • DBurkina Faso 35.1 • DMyanmar 35.1 • DGuinea 35.8 • DBangladesh 36.4 • DIndonesia 36.4 • DNepal 37.4 • DSierra Leone 37.9 • DSudan 38.2 • 5Mali 38.5 • DIndia 38.7 • 5Chad 39.9 • 5Zambia 40.0 • 5Ethiopia 40.4 • 5Central African Republic 40.7 • 5Malawi 42.4 • D

Democratic Republic of Congo 42.6 • D

Niger 43.0 • 5Mozambique 43.1 • LLao PDR 43.8 • DRwanda 44.3 • DPakistan 45.0 • DGuatemala 46.5 • 5Yemen, Rep. 46.8 • DMadagascar 49.2 • 5Papua New Guinea 49.5 • 5Timor-Leste 50.2 • DEritrea 50.3 • DBurundi 57.5 • 5Afghanistan 59.3 • 5Cabo Verde* NA • LDominica* NA • LGrenada* NA • LKiribati* NA • DMarshall Islands* NA • DMauritius* NA • DMicronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Palau NA • ••Russian Federation* NA • DSamoa* NA • 5

St. Vincent and the Grenadines*

NA • D

Germany 1.3 • 5Greece 1.5 • 5Australia 1.8 • 5Chile 1.8 • 5United States 2.1 • 5Korea, Rep. 2.5 • 5St. Lucia 2.5 • 5Andorra 2.6 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 2.6 • 5Austria 2.6 • 5Bahamas, The 2.6 • 5Bahrain 2.6 • 5Belgium 2.6 • 5Canada 2.6 • 5Croatia 2.6 • LCyprus 2.6 • 5Denmark 2.6 • 5Estonia 2.6 • 5Finland 2.6 • 5France 2.6 • 5Hungary 2.6 • 5Iceland 2.6 • 5Ireland 2.6 • 5Israel 2.6 • 5Italy 2.6 • 5Latvia 2.6 • 5Liechtenstein 2.6 • ••Lithuania 2.6 • 5Luxembourg 2.6 • 5Malta 2.6 • 5Monaco 2.6 • ••Netherlands 2.6 • 5New Zealand 2.6 • 5Norway 2.6 • 5Poland 2.6 • LPortugal 2.6 • 5Qatar 2.6 • LSan Marino 2.6 • ••Slovak Republic 2.6 • 5Slovenia 2.6 • 5Spain 2.6 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 2.6 • ••Sweden 2.6 • 5Switzerland 2.6 • 5United Arab Emirates 2.6 • DUnited Kingdom 2.6 • 5Czech Republic 2.6 • 5Ukraine 4.3 • 5Singapore 4.4 • 5

Belarus 4.5 • 5

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 4.9 • L

Trinidad and Tobago 5.3 • 5Costa Rica 5.6 • 5Jamaica 5.7 • LKuwait 5.8 • 5Serbia 6.0 • pMoldova 6.4 • LCuba 7.0 • pBrazil 7.1 • 5Dominican Republic 7.1 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 7.1 • LJapan 7.1 • 5Fiji 7.5 • 5Barbados 7.7 • 5Jordan 7.8 • LSeychelles 7.9 • pTonga 8.1 • LArgentina 8.2 • 5Bulgaria 8.8 • DSuriname 8.8 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 8.9 • DSaudi Arabia 9.3 • LChina 9.4 • LMontenegro 9.4 • pTurkey 9.5 • LTuvalu 10.0 • ••Tunisia 10.1 • LMongolia 10.8 • LParaguay 10.9 • LGeorgia 11.3 • DAlgeria 11.7 • LUruguay 11.7 • LGuyana 12.0 • LColombia 12.7 • LRomania 12.8 • DKyrgyz Republic 12.9 • LKazakhstan 13.1 • LVenezuela, RB 13.4 • LMexico 13.6 • LEl Salvador 14.0 • LOman 14.1 • pPeru 14.6 • LSri Lanka 14.7 • DMorocco 14.9 • DThailand 16.3 • DLebanon 16.5 • LMalaysia 17.2 • p

Prevalence of stunting (low height-for-age) in children under 5 years of age (%)

* Source of trend analysis: IHME (2016)




The percentage of children up to the age of 5 years whose weight falls below minus two standard deviations from the median weight for their age, according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. UNICEF et al. (2016) report an average prevalence of wasting in high-income countries of 0.75%. We assumed this value for high-income countries with missing data.Source: UNICEF et al. (2018) Year of reference: 2002–2015

Korea, Dem. Rep. 4.0 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 4.0 • LAlgeria 4.1 • LKazakhstan 4.1 • 5Venezuela, RB 4.1 • pArmenia 4.2 • 5Seychelles 4.3 • 5Solomon Islands 4.3 • 5Vanuatu 4.4 • LVietnam 4.4 • LBenin 4.5 • LUzbekistan 4.5 • LCzech Republic 4.6 • 5Ghana 4.7 • LSouth Africa 4.7 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 4.8 • 5Uganda 4.8 • LSuriname 5.0 • 5Cameroon 5.2 • LHaiti 5.2 • LTonga 5.2 • LTrinidad and Tobago 5.2 • 5Guinea 5.6 • DLiberia 5.6 • LSenegal 5.7 • LBhutan 5.9 • LGuinea-Bissau 6.0 • LBurundi 6.1 • DMozambique 6.1 • LFiji 6.3 • DZambia 6.3 • pGuyana 6.4 • DLao PDR 6.4 • LLibya 6.5 • LLebanon 6.6 • 5Tanzania 6.6 • LThailand 6.7 • pTogo 6.7 • LBarbados 6.8 • LNamibia 7.1 • DBotswana 7.2 • LTurkmenistan 7.2 • LCentral African Republic 7.4 • DIraq 7.4 • DOman 7.5 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 7.6 • DMyanmar 7.9 • LNigeria 7.9 • 5Philippines 7.9 • p


Angola 8.2 • LCongo 8.2 • 5Afghanistan 8.6 • pEthiopia 8.7 • 5Cambodia 9.2 • DAlbania 9.4 • 5Sierra Leone 9.4 • DEgypt 9.5 • DTajikistan 9.9 • pMaldives 10.2 • 5Pakistan 10.5 • 5Timor-Leste 11.0 • DComoros 11.1 • DGambia 11.1 • pNepal 11.3 • DSyrian Arab Republic 11.5 • DMauritania 11.6 • 5Saudi Arabia 11.8 • LChad 13.0 • 5Indonesia 13.5 • 5Bangladesh 14.3 • DPapua New Guinea 14.3 • LSomalia 15.0 • pIndia 15.1 • DMadagascar 15.2 • 5Eritrea 15.3 • 5Mali 15.3 • DBurkina Faso 15.4 • LYemen, Rep. 16.2 • pSudan 16.3 • DNiger 18.7 • 5Sri Lanka 21.4 • 5Djibouti 21.5 • 5South Sudan 22.7 • DCabo Verde* NA • 5Dominica* NA • 5Grenada* NA • 5Kiribati* NA • 5Malaysia* NA • 5Marshall Islands* NA • DMauritius* NA • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Palau NA • ••Russian Federation* NA • 5Samoa* NA • 5

St. Vincent and the Grenadines*

NA • 5

Australia 0.0 • 5Chile 0.3 • 5Ukraine 0.3 • LUnited States 0.5 • 5Peru 0.6 • 5Guatemala 0.7 • 5Andorra 0.7 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 0.7 • 5Austria 0.7 • 5Bahamas, The 0.7 • 5Bahrain 0.7 • 5Belgium 0.7 • 5Canada 0.7 • 5Croatia 0.7 • 5Cyprus 0.7 • 5Denmark 0.7 • 5Estonia 0.7 • 5Finland 0.7 • 5France 0.7 • 5Hungary 0.7 • 5Iceland 0.7 • 5Ireland 0.7 • 5Israel 0.7 • 5Italy 0.7 • 5Latvia 0.7 • 5Liechtenstein 0.7 • ••Lithuania 0.7 • 5Luxembourg 0.7 • 5Malta 0.7 • 5Monaco 0.7 • ••Netherlands 0.7 • 5New Zealand 0.7 • 5Norway 0.7 • 5Poland 0.7 • LPortugal 0.7 • 5Qatar 0.7 • 5San Marino 0.7 • ••Slovak Republic 0.7 • 5Slovenia 0.7 • 5Spain 0.7 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 0.7 • ••Sweden 0.7 • 5Switzerland 0.7 • 5United Arab Emirates 0.7 • DUnited Kingdom 0.7 • 5Greece 0.8 • 5Colombia 0.9 • 5Korea, Rep. 0.9 • 5Costa Rica 1.0 • 5

Germany 1.0 • 5Mongolia 1.0 • 5Nauru 1.0 • ••Uruguay 1.1 • 5Argentina 1.2 • 5Panama 1.2 • 5Bolivia 1.4 • 5Honduras 1.4 • 5Nicaragua 1.5 • 5Brazil 1.6 • 5Georgia 1.6 • 5Mexico 1.6 • 5Turkey 1.7 • 5


Moldova 1.9 • 5El Salvador 2.0 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 2.0 • 5Belarus 2.2 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.3 • pChina 2.3 • 5Ecuador 2.3 • 5Japan 2.3 • 5Morocco 2.3 • LCuba 2.4 • 5Dominican Republic 2.4 • 5Jordan 2.4 • 5Kuwait 2.4 • 5Paraguay 2.6 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 2.8 • 5Lesotho 2.8 • 5Montenegro 2.8 • 5Tunisia 2.8 • 5Brunei Darussalam 2.9 • 5Jamaica 3.0 • 5Rwanda 3.0 • 5Azerbaijan 3.1 • DEquatorial Guinea 3.1 • 5Bulgaria 3.2 • 5Belize 3.3 • 5Tuvalu 3.3 • ••Zimbabwe 3.3 • 5Gabon 3.4 • 5Romania 3.5 • 5Singapore 3.6 • 5St. Lucia 3.7 • 5Malawi 3.8 • 5Serbia 3.9 • 5Kenya 4.0 • L

Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%)

* Source of trend analysis: IHME (2016)




The percentage of the adult population that has a body mass index (BMI) of 30kg/m2 or higher, based on measured height and weight.Source: WHO (2018) Year of reference: 2016

Estonia 21.2 • pGuatemala 21.2 • pGrenada 21.3 • pPapua New Guinea 21.3 • pHonduras 21.4 • pSerbia 21.5 • pFrance 21.6 • pAlbania 21.7 • pGeorgia 21.7 • pCyprus 21.8 • pIceland 21.9 • pBelgium 22.1 • pBrazil 22.1 • pFinland 22.2 • pColombia 22.3 • pGermany 22.3 • p

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 22.4 • p

Romania 22.5 • pSolomon Islands 22.5 • pLuxembourg 22.6 • pHaiti 22.7 • pPanama 22.7 • pSt. Kitts and Nevis 22.9 • pBarbados 23.1 • pNorway 23.1 • pPoland 23.1 • pRussian Federation 23.1 • pMontenegro 23.3 • pLatvia 23.6 • pNicaragua 23.7 • p

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

23.7 • p

Spain 23.8 • pBelize 24.1 • pUkraine 24.1 • pCroatia 24.4 • pBelarus 24.5 • pCuba 24.6 • pEl Salvador 24.6 • pJamaica 24.7 • pGreece 24.9 • pBulgaria 25.0 • pVanuatu 25.2 • pIreland 25.3 • pAndorra 25.6 • pVenezuela, RB 25.6 • pCosta Rica 25.7 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 25.8 • p

Czech Republic 26.0 • pIsrael 26.1 • pMorocco 26.1 • pLithuania 26.3 • pHungary 26.4 • pSuriname 26.4 • pTunisia 26.9 • pOman 27.0 • pAlgeria 27.4 • pDominican Republic 27.6 • pSyrian Arab Republic 27.8 • pUnited Kingdom 27.8 • pDominica 27.9 • pUruguay 27.9 • pChile 28.0 • pArgentina 28.3 • pSouth Africa 28.3 • pMalta 28.9 • pMexico 28.9 • pAustralia 29.0 • pCanada 29.4 • pBahrain 29.8 • pFiji 30.2 • pIraq 30.4 • pNew Zealand 30.8 • pBahamas, The 31.6 • pUnited Arab Emirates 31.7 • pEgypt 32.0 • pLebanon 32.0 • pTurkey 32.1 • pLibya 32.5 • pQatar 35.1 • pSaudi Arabia 35.4 • pJordan 35.5 • pUnited States 36.2 • pKuwait 37.9 • pKiribati 46.0 • pSamoa 47.3 • pTonga 48.2 • pTuvalu 51.6 • pMarshall Islands 52.9 • pPalau 55.3 • pNauru 61.0 • pLiechtenstein NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••San Marino NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Sudan NA • ••

Vietnam 2.1 • 5Bangladesh 3.6 • 5Timor-Leste 3.8 • 5Cambodia 3.9 • 5India 3.9 • 5Nepal 4.1 • 5Japan 4.3 • 5Ethiopia 4.5 • 5Korea, Rep. 4.7 • 5Eritrea 5.0 • 5Sri Lanka 5.2 • 5Lao PDR 5.3 • 5Madagascar 5.3 • 5Uganda 5.3 • 5Burundi 5.4 • 5Afghanistan 5.5 • 5Niger 5.5 • 5Burkina Faso 5.6 • 5Malawi 5.8 • 5Myanmar 5.8 • 5Rwanda 5.8 • 5Chad 6.1 • 5Singapore 6.1 • 5China 6.2 • 5Bhutan 6.4 • 5Philippines 6.4 • 5

Democratic Republic of Congo 6.7 • 5

Korea, Dem. Rep. 6.8 • 5Indonesia 6.9 • 5Kenya 7.1 • 5Mozambique 7.2 • 5Central African Republic 7.5 • 5Guinea 7.7 • 5Comoros 7.8 • 5Equatorial Guinea 8.0 • 5Zambia 8.1 • 5Angola 8.2 • 5Somalia 8.3 • 5Tanzania 8.4 • 5Togo 8.4 • 5Maldives 8.6 • 5Mali 8.6 • 5Pakistan 8.6 • 5Sierra Leone 8.7 • 5Senegal 8.8 • 5Nigeria 8.9 • 5Guinea-Bissau 9.5 • 5Benin 9.6 • 5

Congo 9.6 • 5Liberia 9.9 • 5Thailand 10.0 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 10.3 • pGambia 10.3 • pMauritius 10.8 • pGhana 10.9 • pCameroon 11.4 • pCabo Verde 11.8 • pSão Tomé and Príncipe 12.4 • pMauritania 12.7 • pDjibouti 13.5 • pSeychelles 14.0 • pBrunei Darussalam 14.1 • pTajikistan 14.2 • pGabon 15.0 • pZimbabwe 15.5 • pMalaysia 15.6 • peSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 16.5 • pKyrgyz Republic 16.6 • pLesotho 16.6 • pUzbekistan 16.6 • pYemen, Rep. 17.1 • pNamibia 17.2 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 17.9 • pTrinidad and Tobago 18.6 • pTurkmenistan 18.6 • pAntigua and Barbuda 18.9 • pBotswana 18.9 • pMoldova 18.9 • pSwitzerland 19.5 • pDenmark 19.7 • pPeru 19.7 • pSt. Lucia 19.7 • pAzerbaijan 19.9 • pEcuador 19.9 • pItaly 19.9 • pAustria 20.1 • pArmenia 20.2 • pBolivia 20.2 • pGuyana 20.2 • pSlovenia 20.2 • pParaguay 20.3 • pNetherlands 20.4 • pSlovak Republic 20.5 • pMongolia 20.6 • pSweden 20.6 • pPortugal 20.8 • pKazakhstan 21.0 • p

Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% adult population)




Cereal yield, measured as tonnes per hectare of harvested land. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only and excludes crops harvested for hay or green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing. The source data was converted from kg/ha to t/ha.Source: FAO (2018) Year of reference: 2016

Estonia 2.7 • LRussian Federation 2.7 • LNepal 2.6 • LPanama 2.6 • LGeorgia 2.5 • LEthiopia 2.5 • LTimor-Leste 2.5 • 5Maldives 2.4 • LZambia 2.4 • pCyprus 2.2 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 2.2 • pGuatemala 2.2 • LCôte d'Ivoire 2.1 • pSão Tomé and Príncipe 2.1 • LBolivia 2.1 • pAustralia 2.1 • LAfghanistan 2.0 • pDjibouti 1.9 • 5Uganda 1.9 • pSierra Leone 1.9 • DGhana 1.8 • 5Nicaragua 1.8 • pHonduras 1.7 • 5Dominica 1.7 • DSolomon Islands 1.7 • pCameroon 1.6 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 1.6 • LMali 1.6 • 5Gabon 1.6 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 1.6 • 5Algeria 1.6 • 5Tunisia 1.5 • pTanzania 1.5 • pJordan 1.5 • pRwanda 1.5 • pBurundi 1.5 • DSouth Sudan 1.5 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 1.5 • pBenin 1.5 • DNigeria 1.4 • pGuinea-Bissau 1.4 • pKenya 1.4 • pComoros 1.4 • pSenegal 1.3 • 5Kazakhstan 1.3 • LMalawi 1.3 • pLiberia 1.3 • 5Mongolia 1.3 • pMauritania 1.2 • D

Burkina Faso 1.2 • 5Guinea 1.2 • peSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 1.1 • pTogo 1.1 • pJamaica 1.1 • pTurkmenistan 1.1 • pHaiti 1.0 • 5Grenada 1.0 • pYemen, Rep. 1.0 • pMorocco 0.9 • pAngola 0.9 • DCentral African Republic 0.9 • pChad 0.8 • 5Brunei Darussalam 0.8 • 5Gambia 0.8 • pCongo 0.8 • 5Mozambique 0.8 • p

Democratic Republic of Congo 0.8 • p

Libya 0.7 • 5Sudan 0.7 • ••Vanuatu 0.6 • 5Zimbabwe 0.6 • pNiger 0.5 • 5Lesotho 0.5 • pSomalia 0.5 • pNamibia 0.5 • 5Botswana 0.5 • 5Eritrea 0.4 • pCabo Verde 0.2 • pAndorra NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Singapore NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••


United Arab Emirates 21.5 • 5Kuwait 13.3 • 5Bahamas, The 9.3 • 5New Zealand 8.4 • 5Ireland 8.2 • 5United States 8.1 • 5Netherlands 7.8 • 5Austria 7.2 • 5Germany 7.2 • 5Egypt 7.1 • 5United Kingdom 7.0 • 5Belgium 7.0 • 5Chile 6.9 • 5Korea, Rep. 6.8 • 5Croatia 6.7 • 5Slovenia 6.5 • 5Slovak Republic 6.4 • 5Czech Republic 6.3 • 5Denmark 6.2 • 5Serbia 6.2 • 5China 6.0 • 5Oman 5.7 • 5France 5.7 • 5Italy 5.6 • 5Vietnam 5.4 • 5Sweden 5.4 • 5Indonesia 5.4 • 5Saudi Arabia 5.2 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.2 • 5Switzerland 5.1 • 5Hungary 5.1 • 5Argentina 5.1 • 5Luxembourg 5.0 • 5Japan 5.0 • 5Israel 5.0 • 5Uruguay 4.9 • 5Bulgaria 4.8 • 5Dominican Republic 4.8 • 5Malta 4.7 • 5Papua New Guinea 4.7 • 5Albania 4.7 • 5Qatar 4.7 • 5Ukraine 4.7 • 5Bangladesh 4.6 • 5Lao PDR 4.6 • 5Uzbekistan 4.6 • 5Norway 4.6 • 5

Suriname 4.4 • 5Paraguay 4.4 • 5Portugal 4.4 • 5Colombia 4.2 • 5Peru 4.2 • 5Brazil 4.2 • 5Greece 4.1 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 4.1 • 5Costa Rica 4.0 • 5Poland 4.0 • 5Romania 4.0 • 5Madagascar 3.9 • 5Canada 3.9 • 5Sri Lanka 3.9 • 5


Lithuania 3.9 • 5Latvia 3.8 • 5South Africa 3.8 • 5Mexico 3.7 • 5Myanmar 3.6 • 5Ecuador 3.6 • 5Finland 3.6 • 5Philippines 3.5 • 5Guyana 3.5 • 5Cambodia 3.5 • 5Mauritius 3.5 • 5Spain 3.4 • 5Venezuela, RB 3.4 • 5Bhutan 3.4 • LTajikistan 3.3 • 5Montenegro 3.3 • 5Malaysia 3.2 • 5Belarus 3.2 • 5Moldova 3.2 • 5Belize 3.2 • 5Turkey 3.1 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 3.1 • 5Iraq 3.1 • LArmenia 3.1 • LPakistan 3.1 • 5Thailand 3.0 • 5Fiji 3.0 • 5Lebanon 3.0 • 5Azerbaijan 3.0 • LIndia 3.0 • 5Cuba 2.9 • LBarbados 2.8 • 5El Salvador 2.7 • 5

Cereal yield (t/ha)




The Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (SNMI) is a one-dimensional ranking score that combines two efficiency measures in crop production: Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) and land use efficiency (crop yield).Source: Zhang and Davidson (2016) Year of reference: 2011

Angola 0.9 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 0.9 • ••Israel 0.9 • ••Kazakhstan 0.9 • ••Iraq 1.0 • ••Niger 1.0 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 1.0 • ••Sri Lanka 1.0 • ••Albania 1.0 • ••India 1.0 • ••Pakistan 1.0 • ••Qatar 1.0 • ••Tunisia 1.0 • ••Oman 1.0 • ••Venezuela, RB 1.0 • ••Nicaragua 1.0 • ••Sudan 1.0 • ••Mongolia 1.0 • ••Gabon 1.0 • ••Guatemala 1.0 • ••Zimbabwe 1.1 • ••Jordan 1.1 • ••Namibia 1.1 • ••Ecuador 1.1 • ••El Salvador 1.1 • ••Panama 1.1 • ••Honduras 1.1 • ••Montenegro 1.1 • ••Jamaica 1.1 • ••Colombia 1.1 • ••Dominican Republic 1.1 • ••Cyprus 1.1 • ••Portugal 1.1 • ••Georgia 1.1 • ••Costa Rica 1.1 • ••Mauritius 1.2 • ••Singapore 1.2 • ••United Arab Emirates 1.2 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 1.3 • ••Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Belgium NA • ••Belize NA • ••Botswana NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••

Burundi NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Haiti NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liberia NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritania NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Príncipe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Sierra Leone NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

United States 0.3 • ••Argentina 0.3 • ••Paraguay 0.4 • ••Austria 0.4 • ••France 0.4 • ••Denmark 0.4 • ••Ireland 0.4 • ••Germany 0.5 • ••United Kingdom 0.5 • ••Hungary 0.5 • ••Uruguay 0.5 • ••Czech Republic 0.5 • ••Brazil 0.6 • ••Slovak Republic 0.6 • ••Canada 0.6 • ••Lithuania 0.6 • ••Sweden 0.6 • ••Iceland 0.6 • ••Ukraine 0.6 • ••Korea, Rep. 0.6 • ••Bolivia 0.6 • ••Serbia 0.7 • ••Egypt 0.7 • ••Switzerland 0.7 • ••Myanmar 0.7 • ••Croatia 0.7 • ••Finland 0.7 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0.7 • ••Italy 0.7 • ••Greece 0.7 • ••Russian Federation 0.7 • ••Romania 0.7 • ••Japan 0.7 • ••Cambodia 0.7 • ••South Africa 0.7 • ••Moldova 0.7 • ••Vietnam 0.7 • ••Latvia 0.7 • ••Luxembourg 0.7 • ••Netherlands 0.7 • ••Bulgaria 0.8 • ••Poland 0.8 • ••Madagascar 0.8 • ••Estonia 0.8 • ••Turkey 0.8 • ••Azerbaijan 0.8 • ••Nepal 0.8 • ••Australia 0.8 • ••Bahrain 0.8 • ••

Indonesia 0.8 • ••Bangladesh 0.8 • ••Ethiopia 0.8 • ••Slovenia 0.8 • ••Algeria 0.8 • ••China 0.8 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 0.8 • ••Malawi 0.8 • ••Nigeria 0.8 • ••Yemen, Rep. 0.8 • ••Rwanda 0.8 • ••Philippines 0.8 • ••Bhutan 0.8 • ••Chile 0.9 • ••Benin 0.9 • ••Mali 0.9 • ••Mexico 0.9 • ••Cameroon 0.9 • ••Tajikistan 0.9 • ••Guinea 0.9 • ••Armenia 0.9 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.9 • ••Suriname 0.9 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.9 • ••Malta 0.9 • ••Ghana 0.9 • ••Morocco 0.9 • ••Tanzania 0.9 • ••Malaysia 0.9 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0.9 • ••Burkina Faso 0.9 • ••Kuwait 0.9 • ••Togo 0.9 • ••New Zealand 0.9 • ••Peru 0.9 • ••Spain 0.9 • ••Saudi Arabia 0.9 • ••Kenya 0.9 • ••Norway 0.9 • ••Senegal 0.9 • ••Zambia 0.9 • ••Uganda 0.9 • ••Gambia 0.9 • ••Lebanon 0.9 • ••Belarus 0.9 • ••Thailand 0.9 • ••Mozambique 0.9 • ••Congo 0.9 • ••

Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index




The estimated number of women, between the age of 15-49, who die from pregnancy-related causes while pregnant, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, per 100,000 live births.Source: WHO (2018) Year of reference: 2015

Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births)

Maldives 68 • LPeru 68 • LSyrian Arab Republic 68 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 76 • LVanuatu 78 • LBahamas, The 80 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 82 • LGuatemala 88 • LJamaica 89 • DKiribati 90 • LDominican Republic 92 • pPanama 94 • DVenezuela, RB 95 • DMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 100 • LPhilippines 114 • LSolomon Islands 114 • LMorocco 121 • LTonga 124 • 5Indonesia 126 • LBotswana 129 • LHonduras 129 • LParaguay 132 • 5South Africa 138 • DAlgeria 140 • 5Bhutan 148 • LNicaragua 150 • DSuriname 155 • DSão Tomé and Principe 156 • 5Cambodia 161 • LIndia 174 • LBangladesh 176 • LMyanmar 178 • DPakistan 178 • DLao PDR 197 • LBolivia 206 • LPapua New Guinea 215 • DTimor-Leste 215 • LZambia 224 • DDjibouti 229 • DGuyana 229 • 5Nepal 258 • LNamibia 265 • DRwanda 290 • LGabon 291 • 5Sudan 311 • DSenegal 315 • DGhana 319 • 5Comoros 335 • DEquatorial Guinea 342 • 5

Uganda 343 • DEthiopia 353 • LMadagascar 353 • DHaiti 359 • 5Togo 368 • 5Burkina Faso 371 • DYemen, Rep. 385 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 389 • DAfghanistan 396 • LTanzania 398 • LBenin 405 • 5Congo 442 • DZimbabwe 443 • 5Angola 477 • DLesotho 487 • DMozambique 489 • DEritrea 501 • DKenya 510 • DGuinea-Bissau 549 • 5Niger 553 • DMali 587 • 5Cameroon 596 • DMauritania 602 • DMalawi 634 • pCôte d'Ivoire 645 • 5Guinea 679 • 5

Democratic Republic of Congo 693 • D

Gambia 706 • 5Burundi 712 • DLiberia 725 • 5Somalia 732 • 5South Sudan 789 • 5Nigeria 814 • 5Chad 856 • DCentral African Republic 882 • 5Sierra Leone 1,360 • DAndorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Finland 3 • 5Greece 3 • 5Iceland 3 • 5Poland 3 • 5Austria 4 • 5Belarus 4 • 5Czech Republic 4 • 5Italy 4 • 5Kuwait 4 • 5Sweden 4 • 5Israel 5 • 5Japan 5 • 5Norway 5 • 5Spain 5 • 5Switzerland 5 • 5Australia 6 • 5Denmark 6 • 5Germany 6 • 5Slovak Republic 6 • 5United Arab Emirates 6 • 5Belgium 7 • 5Canada 7 • 5Cyprus 7 • 5Montenegro 7 • 5Netherlands 7 • 5Croatia 8 • 5

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 8 • 5

France 8 • 5Ireland 8 • 5Estonia 9 • 5Libya 9 • 5Malta 9 • 5Slovenia 9 • 5United Kingdom 9 • 5Lithuania 10 • 5Luxembourg 10 • 5Portugal 10 • 5Singapore 10 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 11 • 5Bulgaria 11 • 5Korea, Rep. 11 • 5New Zealand 11 • 5Kazakhstan 12 • 5Saudi Arabia 12 • 5Qatar 13 • 5United States 14 • 5Bahrain 15 • 5Lebanon 15 • 5

Uruguay 15 • 5Turkey 16 • 5Hungary 17 • 5Oman 17 • 5Serbia 17 • 5Latvia 18 • 5Thailand 20 • 5Chile 22 • 5Brunei Darussalam 23 • 5Moldova 23 • 5Ukraine 24 • 5Armenia 25 • 5Azerbaijan 25 • 5Costa Rica 25 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 25 • 5Russian Federation 25 • 5Barbados 27 • 5China 27 • 5Grenada 27 • 5Belize 28 • 5Albania 29 • 5Fiji 30 • 5Sri Lanka 30 • 5Romania 31 • 5Tajikistan 32 • 5Egypt 33 • 5Georgia 36 • 5Uzbekistan 36 • 5Mexico 38 • 5Cuba 39 • 5Malaysia 40 • 5Cabo Verde 42 • 5Turkmenistan 42 • 5Brazil 44 • 5Mongolia 44 • 5


45 • 5

St. Lucia 48 • 5Iraq 50 • 5Samoa 51 • 5Argentina 52 • 5Mauritius 53 • 5El Salvador 54 • 5Vietnam 54 • 5Jordan 58 • 5Tunisia 62 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 63 • 5Colombia 64 • LEcuador 64 • L




The number of newborn infants (neonates) dying before reaching 28 days of age, per 1,000 live births.Source: UNICEF et al. (2018) Year of reference: 2016

Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)

Belize 10.3 • L

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 10.3 • L

Venezuela, RB 10.3 • 5Honduras 10.4 • LSolomon Islands 10.4 • 5Jordan 10.6 • LSuriname 10.6 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 10.7 • LJamaica 10.9 • LParaguay 11.1 • LEcuador 11.2 • LVietnam 11.5 • LKyrgyz Republic 11.6 • LVanuatu 11.8 • LMoldova 11.9 • LSouth Africa 12.4 • LPhilippines 12.6 • LTrinidad and Tobago 12.6 • LEgypt 12.8 • LIndonesia 13.7 • LUzbekistan 13.8 • LGuatemala 14.0 • LSão Tomé and Principe 15.0 • LAlgeria 15.6 • DCambodia 16.2 • LMarshall Islands 16.4 • DRwanda 16.5 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 17.2 • LTuvalu 17.2 • LEritrea 17.7 • LMorocco 17.8 • LNamibia 17.8 • DAzerbaijan 18.1 • LBhutan 18.1 • LIraq 18.2 • DMadagascar 18.6 • LBolivia 19.0 • LTajikistan 19.9 • DGuyana 20.0 • DBangladesh 20.1 • LCongo 20.5 • DSenegal 20.6 • LDominican Republic 20.8 • DNepal 21.1 • LeSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 21.4 • 5Uganda 21.4 • DTimor-Leste 21.6 • DTanzania 21.7 • D

Gabon 21.8 • DNauru 22.2 • DTurkmenistan 22.3 • DKenya 22.6 • DKiribati 22.6 • DLiberia 22.8 • LZambia 22.9 • DZimbabwe 22.9 • LMalawi 23.1 • LPapua New Guinea 23.5 • DCameroon 23.9 • DDominica 24.0 • pBurundi 24.2 • DMyanmar 24.5 • DHaiti 24.6 • LGuinea 25.1 • LIndia 25.4 • LBotswana 25.5 • DBurkina Faso 25.6 • DNiger 25.7 • DTogo 26.0 • DYemen, Rep. 26.8 • 5Ghana 26.9 • DMozambique 27.1 • DGambia 27.5 • DEthiopia 27.6 • LLao PDR 28.7 • D


Angola 29.3 • LSudan 29.4 • 5Benin 31.4 • 5Equatorial Guinea 32.0 • DComoros 32.8 • DDjibouti 32.8 • DSierra Leone 33.2 • DMauritania 33.7 • DNigeria 34.1 • DChad 35.1 • 5Mali 35.7 • DCôte d'Ivoire 36.6 • DSouth Sudan 37.9 • DGuinea-Bissau 38.2 • DLesotho 38.5 • 5Somalia 38.8 • 5Afghanistan 40.0 • DCentral African Republic 42.3 • 5Pakistan 45.6 • 5Liechtenstein NA • ••

San Marino 0.6 • 5Japan 0.9 • 5Iceland 1.0 • 5Andorra 1.1 • 5Singapore 1.1 • 5Finland 1.2 • 5Estonia 1.3 • 5Slovenia 1.3 • 5Cyprus 1.4 • 5Belarus 1.5 • 5Korea, Rep. 1.5 • 5Luxembourg 1.5 • 5Norway 1.5 • 5Czech Republic 1.6 • 5Sweden 1.6 • 5Monaco 1.8 • 5Israel 2.0 • 5Italy 2.0 • 5Spain 2.0 • 5Portugal 2.1 • 5Australia 2.2 • 5Austria 2.2 • 5Belgium 2.2 • 5Ireland 2.2 • 5Germany 2.3 • 5Greece 2.3 • 5Cuba 2.4 • 5France 2.4 • 5Latvia 2.4 • 5Montenegro 2.4 • 5Lithuania 2.5 • 5Netherlands 2.5 • 5United Kingdom 2.6 • 5Hungary 2.8 • 5Poland 2.8 • 5Croatia 2.9 • 5Switzerland 2.9 • 5New Zealand 3.0 • 5Slovak Republic 3.0 • 5Bahrain 3.1 • 5Canada 3.2 • 5Denmark 3.2 • 5Russian Federation 3.4 • 5Serbia 3.7 • 5United States 3.7 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 3.8 • 5Bulgaria 3.8 • 5United Arab Emirates 4.0 • 5Qatar 4.1 • 5

Romania 4.3 • 5Brunei Darussalam 4.4 • 5Kuwait 4.4 • 5Malaysia 4.4 • 5Malta 4.6 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.7 • 5Lebanon 4.7 • 5Maldives 4.8 • 5Uruguay 5.0 • 5China 5.1 • 5Oman 5.2 • 5Sri Lanka 5.3 • 5Chile 5.4 • 5Ukraine 5.4 • 5Costa Rica 5.7 • 5Bahamas, The 5.8 • 5Kazakhstan 5.9 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 5.9 • 5Albania 6.2 • 5Argentina 6.2 • 5Turkey 6.5 • 5Tonga 6.8 • 5Saudi Arabia 6.9 • 5Georgia 7.1 • 5Libya 7.1 • 5Thailand 7.3 • 5Armenia 7.4 • 5El Salvador 7.5 • 5Peru 7.5 • 5Brazil 7.8 • 5Mexico 7.8 • 5Barbados 7.9 • 5Tunisia 8.1 • 5


Grenada 8.3 • 5Mauritius 8.4 • 5Palau 8.4 • 5Colombia 8.5 • 5Fiji 8.8 • 5Nicaragua 8.8 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 8.9 • 5Seychelles 9.0 • 5Samoa 9.2 • 5St. Lucia 9.2 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 9.6 • LPanama 9.6 • 5Mongolia 9.7 • LCabo Verde 10.2 • L




The probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year, per 1,000 live births.Source: UNICEF et al. (2018) Year of reference: 2016

Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)

Samoa 17.3 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 17.5 • 5Jordan 17.6 • 5Mongolia 17.9 • LTrinidad and Tobago 18.5 • 5Honduras 18.7 • 5Nicaragua 19.7 • 5Paraguay 19.9 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 20.0 • LSuriname 20.0 • 5Ecuador 20.9 • LKyrgyz Republic 21.1 • LCabo Verde 21.4 • LVietnam 21.6 • 5Fiji 22.0 • 5Egypt 22.8 • LUzbekistan 24.1 • LAlgeria 25.2 • LTuvalu 25.3 • LSolomon Islands 25.8 • LIndonesia 26.4 • LMorocco 27.1 • LPhilippines 27.1 • LVanuatu 27.6 • DGuatemala 28.5 • LCambodia 30.6 • LDominican Republic 30.7 • LAzerbaijan 30.9 • LIraq 31.2 • LBhutan 32.4 • LGuyana 32.4 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 33.3 • LSão Tomé and Principe 33.8 • LDominica 34.0 • pBangladesh 34.2 • LNepal 34.5 • LNauru 34.6 • LMarshall Islands 35.4 • DBolivia 36.9 • LRwanda 38.5 • LBotswana 40.6 • LIndia 43.0 • LTajikistan 43.1 • LSouth Africa 43.3 • LEritrea 44.5 • LNamibia 45.2 • LMadagascar 46.4 • LSenegal 47.1 • LGabon 47.4 • L

Kenya 49.2 • LTimor-Leste 49.7 • LMyanmar 50.8 • LTurkmenistan 51.0 • LUganda 53.0 • LCongo 54.1 • DKiribati 54.3 • DPapua New Guinea 54.3 • DMalawi 55.1 • LYemen, Rep. 55.3 • 5Zimbabwe 56.4 • LTanzania 56.7 • LEthiopia 58.4 • LGhana 58.8 • LZambia 63.4 • LLao PDR 63.9 • DDjibouti 64.2 • DSudan 65.1 • DGambia 65.3 • DHaiti 67.0 • LLiberia 67.4 • LAfghanistan 70.4 • LeSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 70.4 • LMozambique 71.3 • LBurundi 71.7 • LComoros 73.3 • DTogo 75.7 • DPakistan 78.8 • DCameroon 79.7 • LMauritania 81.4 • DAngola 82.5 • LBurkina Faso 84.6 • LGuinea-Bissau 88.1 • LGuinea 89.0 • DSouth Sudan 90.7 • DEquatorial Guinea 90.9 • DNiger 91.3 • LCôte d'Ivoire 91.8 • DLesotho 93.5 • 5


Benin 97.6 • DNigeria 104.3 • DMali 110.6 • DSierra Leone 113.5 • LCentral African Republic 123.6 • DChad 127.3 • DSomalia 132.5 • DLiechtenstein NA • ••

Iceland 2.1 • 5Finland 2.3 • 5Slovenia 2.3 • 5Luxembourg 2.4 • 5Cyprus 2.6 • 5Norway 2.6 • 5Andorra 2.7 • 5Japan 2.7 • 5San Marino 2.8 • 5Singapore 2.8 • 5Estonia 2.9 • 5Sweden 2.9 • 5Czech Republic 3.2 • 5Italy 3.3 • 5Spain 3.3 • 5Korea, Rep. 3.4 • 5Monaco 3.4 • 5Austria 3.5 • 5Portugal 3.5 • 5Ireland 3.6 • 5Israel 3.6 • 5Australia 3.7 • 5Germany 3.8 • 5Greece 3.8 • 5Montenegro 3.8 • 5Netherlands 3.8 • 5Belarus 3.9 • 5Belgium 3.9 • 5France 3.9 • 5Switzerland 4.1 • 5United Kingdom 4.3 • 5Denmark 4.4 • 5Latvia 4.6 • 5Croatia 4.7 • 5Poland 4.7 • 5Canada 4.9 • 5Hungary 5.2 • 5Lithuania 5.3 • 5New Zealand 5.4 • 5Cuba 5.5 • 5Serbia 5.8 • 5Slovak Republic 5.9 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 6.0 • 5United States 6.5 • 5Malta 6.8 • 5Bahrain 7.6 • 5Bulgaria 7.6 • 5Russian Federation 7.7 • 5United Arab Emirates 7.7 • 5

Lebanon 8.1 • 5Chile 8.3 • 5Malaysia 8.3 • 5Kuwait 8.4 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 8.5 • 5Maldives 8.5 • 5Qatar 8.5 • 5Costa Rica 8.8 • 5Romania 9.0 • 5Ukraine 9.1 • 5Uruguay 9.2 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 9.3 • 5Sri Lanka 9.4 • 5Brunei Darussalam 9.9 • 5China 9.9 • 5Bahamas, The 10.6 • 5Georgia 10.7 • 5Oman 10.7 • 5Argentina 11.1 • 5Kazakhstan 11.4 • 5


Thailand 12.2 • 5Barbados 12.3 • 5Turkey 12.7 • 5Libya 12.9 • 5Saudi Arabia 12.9 • 5St. Lucia 13.3 • 5Armenia 13.4 • 5Albania 13.5 • 5Tunisia 13.6 • 5Mauritius 13.7 • 5Seychelles 14.3 • 5Mexico 14.6 • 5Belize 14.9 • 5El Salvador 15.0 • 5Brazil 15.1 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 15.1 • 5Colombia 15.3 • 5Jamaica 15.3 • 5Peru 15.3 • 5Moldova 15.9 • 5Palau 15.9 • 5Grenada 16.0 • 5Venezuela, RB 16.3 • 5Panama 16.4 • 5Tonga 16.4 • 5


16.6 • 5




The estimated rate of new and relapse cases of tuberculosis in a given year, expressed per 100,000 people. All forms of tuberculosis are included, including cases of people living with HIV.Source: WHO (2018) Year of reference: 2016

Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population)

Belarus 52.0 • DLithuania 53.0 • LPanama 55.0 • 5Mali 56.0 • 5Vanuatu 56.0 • 5Benin 59.0 • DFiji 59.0 • pDominican Republic 60.0 • 5El Salvador 60.0 • pTurkmenistan 60.0 • DChina 64.0 • DSri Lanka 65.0 • 5Azerbaijan 66.0 • LBrunei Darussalam 66.0 • DRussian Federation 66.0 • DKazakhstan 67.0 • LAlgeria 70.0 • 5Eritrea 74.0 • LRomania 74.0 • DUzbekistan 76.0 • DKorea, Rep. 77.0 • DSudan 82.0 • DSolomon Islands 84.0 • pTajikistan 85.0 • LUkraine 87.0 • DGeorgia 92.0 • DMalaysia 92.0 • pGuyana 93.0 • DNiger 93.0 • DSão Tomé and Principe 99.0 • pMoldova 101.0 • DMauritania 102.0 • DMorocco 103.0 • 5Nauru 112.0 • pBolivia 114.0 • DPeru 117.0 • 5Burundi 118.0 • DPalau 123.0 • LVietnam 133.0 • 5Cabo Verde 137.0 • 5Senegal 140.0 • pKyrgyz Republic 145.0 • 5South Sudan 146.0 • 5Chad 153.0 • pCôte d'Ivoire 153.0 • DNepal 154.0 • 5Ghana 156.0 • DMalawi 159.0 • LThailand 172.0 • 5

Gambia 174.0 • 5Lao PDR 175.0 • DGuinea 176.0 • 5Ethiopia 177.0 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 177.0 • LBhutan 178.0 • LEquatorial Guinea 181.0 • pMongolia 183.0 • 5Haiti 188.0 • DAfghanistan 189.0 • 5Uganda 201.0 • 5Cameroon 203.0 • DTuvalu 207.0 • pZimbabwe 208.0 • LIndia 211.0 • DNigeria 219.0 • 5Bangladesh 221.0 • 5Madagascar 237.0 • 5Pakistan 268.0 • 5Somalia 270.0 • 5Tanzania 287.0 • LSierra Leone 304.0 • 5Liberia 308.0 • p


Botswana 326.0 • LDjibouti 335.0 • LCambodia 345.0 • DKenya 348.0 • LMyanmar 361.0 • 5Angola 370.0 • 5Guinea-Bissau 374.0 • pZambia 376.0 • DCongo 378.0 • 5Indonesia 391.0 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 398.0 • LCentral African Republic 407.0 • 5Marshall Islands 422.0 • LPapua New Guinea 432.0 • 5Namibia 446.0 • DGabon 485.0 • 5Timor-Leste 498.0 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 513.0 • 5Mozambique 551.0 • pPhilippines 554.0 • pKiribati 566.0 • pLesotho 724.0 • LSouth Africa 781.0 • DLiechtenstein NA • ••

Monaco 0.0 • 5San Marino 0.0 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 0.0 • 5United Arab Emirates 0.8 • 5Barbados 1.2 • 5St. Lucia 1.9 • 5Iceland 2.1 • 5United States 3.1 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 3.4 • 5Israel 3.5 • 5Greece 4.4 • 5Jamaica 4.5 • 5Finland 4.7 • 5Czech Republic 5.0 • 5Canada 5.2 • 5Cyprus 5.6 • 5Jordan 5.6 • 5Luxembourg 5.8 • 5Netherlands 5.9 • 5Slovak Republic 5.9 • 5Andorra 6.0 • 5Australia 6.1 • 5Denmark 6.1 • 5Italy 6.1 • 5Norway 6.1 • 5


Grenada 6.4 • 5Slovenia 6.5 • 5Cuba 6.9 • 5Ireland 7.1 • 5New Zealand 7.3 • 5France 7.7 • 5Samoa 7.7 • pDominica 7.8 • LSwitzerland 7.8 • 5Germany 8.1 • 5Austria 8.2 • 5Sweden 8.2 • 5Tonga 8.6 • pHungary 8.8 • LOman 9.0 • LCosta Rica 9.5 • LUnited Kingdom 9.9 • LBelgium 10.0 • LSaudi Arabia 10.0 • LSpain 10.0 • LBahrain 12.0 • LCroatia 12.0 • L

Lebanon 12.0 • LMalta 13.0 • 5Egypt 14.0 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 14.0 • DSeychelles 15.0 • LAlbania 16.0 • DChile 16.0 • pEstonia 16.0 • L


Japan 16.0 • LMontenegro 16.0 • LPoland 18.0 • DTrinidad and Tobago 18.0 • DTurkey 18.0 • LSerbia 19.0 • LPortugal 20.0 • LSyrian Arab Republic 21.0 • LMauritius 22.0 • 5Mexico 22.0 • 5Qatar 23.0 • LArgentina 24.0 • pGuatemala 24.0 • 5Kuwait 24.0 • LBahamas, The 26.0 • pSuriname 26.0 • LBulgaria 27.0 • LUruguay 29.0 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 32.0 • DColombia 32.0 • 5Venezuela, RB 32.0 • pComoros 35.0 • pLatvia 37.0 • LBelize 38.0 • LTunisia 38.0 • pHonduras 40.0 • 5Libya 40.0 • 5Brazil 42.0 • 5Paraguay 42.0 • 5Iraq 43.0 • 5Armenia 44.0 • LTogo 46.0 • LNicaragua 48.0 • 5Yemen, Rep. 48.0 • 5Maldives 49.0 • pEcuador 50.0 • DRwanda 50.0 • LBurkina Faso 51.0 • 5Singapore 51.0 • p




The estimated prevalance of people living with HIV, per 1,000 people. The estimates are modelled using population-based surveys, where available, and HIV prevalence studies in countries with low-level HIV epidemics where transmission largely occurs among key population groups.Source: IMHE (2016) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

HIV prevalence (per 1,000 population)

Kyrgyz Republic 0.1 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 0.1 • 5Samoa 0.1 • 5Tonga 0.1 • 5Ecuador 0.1 • 5Luxembourg 0.1 • 5Mexico 0.1 • 5Spain 0.1 • 5Comoros 0.1 • 5São Tomé and Principe 0.1 • 5United States 0.1 • 5Seychelles 0.1 • 5Mauritania 0.1 • LTimor-Leste 0.1 • LMadagascar 0.1 • 5Brazil 0.2 • 5Brunei Darussalam 0.2 • 5Vietnam 0.2 • LMalta 0.2 • 5Myanmar 0.2 • 5Venezuela, RB 0.2 • 5Argentina 0.2 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 0.2 • LBarbados 0.2 • pUruguay 0.2 • pBelarus 0.2 • pNiger 0.2 • p

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.2 • p

Senegal 0.2 • LHaiti 0.2 • LPhilippines 0.2 • pRussian Federation 0.2 • pJamaica 0.2 • LRwanda 0.2 • LThailand 0.3 • LPapua New Guinea 0.3 • LSomalia 0.3 • LBurkina Faso 0.3 • pCuba 0.3 • pUkraine 0.4 • pPanama 0.4 • pBahamas, The 0.4 • 5Eritrea 0.4 • pEthiopia 0.4 • pBurundi 0.4 • D


Suriname 0.4 • pBelize 0.4 • p

Sierra Leone 0.5 • LBenin 0.5 • LDominican Republic 0.5 • DMali 0.5 • DCabo Verde 0.6 • 5Portugal 0.6 • pLiberia 0.6 • DGuinea 0.6 • LGhana 0.6 • DGambia 0.6 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.7 • pDjibouti 0.7 • 5Angola 0.8 • LTogo 0.9 • pGuyana 1.0 • LNigeria 1.0 • LChad 1.1 • LSouth Sudan 1.1 • LUnited Arab Emirates 1.2 • 5Congo 1.2 • DGuinea-Bissau 1.2 • LCôte d'Ivoire 1.4 • LGabon 1.5 • DTanzania 1.6 • LCentral African Republic 1.7 • DCameroon 1.8 • DSyrian Arab Republic 2.0 • 5Kenya 2.1 • DUganda 2.2 • LEquatorial Guinea 2.7 • LMozambique 3.6 • LNamibia 3.8 • DBotswana 4.0 • LMalawi 4.1 • LZambia 4.1 • LZimbabwe 4.2 • LSouth Africa 4.4 • LeSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 5.0 • LLesotho 8.0 • 5Liechtenstein NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Albania 0.0 • 5Jordan 0.0 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0 • 5


Kuwait 0.0 • 5Qatar 0.0 • 5Bangladesh 0.0 • 5Maldives 0.0 • 5Slovak Republic 0.0 • 5Slovenia 0.0 • 5Croatia 0.0 • 5Montenegro 0.0 • 5Serbia 0.0 • 5Hungary 0.0 • 5Kiribati 0.0 • 5Mongolia 0.0 • 5Uzbekistan 0.0 • 5Egypt 0.0 • 5Czech Republic 0.0 • 5Turkey 0.0 • 5Sri Lanka 0.0 • 5Algeria 0.0 • 5Bulgaria 0.0 • 5Poland 0.0 • 5Japan 0.0 • 5Bahrain 0.0 • 5Iraq 0.0 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.0 • 5Libya 0.0 • 5Saudi Arabia 0.0 • 5Morocco 0.0 • 5Tunisia 0.0 • 5Afghanistan 0.0 • 5Lebanon 0.0 • 5Lithuania 0.0 • 5Korea, Rep. 0.0 • 5Yemen, Rep. 0.0 • 5Armenia 0.0 • 5Azerbaijan 0.0 • 5Georgia 0.0 • 5Tajikistan 0.0 • 5Finland 0.0 • 5China 0.0 • 5Romania 0.0 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • 5Pakistan 0.0 • 5Netherlands 0.0 • 5New Zealand 0.0 • 5Nepal 0.0 • 5

Cambodia 0.0 • 5France 0.0 • 5Norway 0.0 • 5Australia 0.1 • 5Malaysia 0.1 • 5Peru 0.1 • 5Sweden 0.1 • 5Turkmenistan 0.1 • 5Andorra 0.1 • 5Chile 0.1 • 5Greece 0.1 • 5Mauritius 0.1 • 5Fiji 0.1 • 5St. Lucia 0.1 • 5Paraguay 0.1 • 5Denmark 0.1 • 5El Salvador 0.1 • 5Estonia 0.1 • 5Iceland 0.1 • 5Moldova 0.1 • 5Oman 0.1 • 5Germany 0.1 • 5Indonesia 0.1 • 5Bhutan 0.1 • 5Israel 0.1 • 5Latvia 0.1 • 5Costa Rica 0.1 • 5Kazakhstan 0.1 • 5Lao PDR 0.1 • 5Sudan 0.1 • 5Cyprus 0.1 • 5Canada 0.1 • 5Switzerland 0.1 • 5India 0.1 • 5United Kingdom 0.1 • 5Grenada 0.1 • 5Dominica 0.1 • 5Colombia 0.1 • 5Ireland 0.1 • 5Nicaragua 0.1 • 5Italy 0.1 • 5Singapore 0.1 • 5Austria 0.1 • 5Solomon Islands 0.1 • 5Belgium 0.1 • 5Honduras 0.1 • 5Bolivia 0.1 • 5Marshall Islands 0.1 • 5Vanuatu 0.1 • 5Guatemala 0.1 • 5




The probability of dying between the ages of 30 and 70 years from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases, defined as the percentage of 30-year-old people who would die before their 70th birthday from these diseases, assuming current mortality rates at every age and that individuals would not die from any other cause of death (e.g. injuries or HIV/AIDS)Source: WHO (2018) Year of reference: 2015

Age-standardised death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease in populations age 30–70 years (per 100,000 population)

Somalia 20.2 • pSouth Sudan 20.3 • D


Libya 20.3 • 5Guinea 20.3 • pRwanda 20.4 • 5Serbia 20.4 • LGambia 20.4 • 5Lithuania 20.5 • DTimor-Leste 20.7 • LNigeria 20.8 • 5Suriname 20.9 • DRomania 21.3 • DGhana 21.3 • pBangladesh 21.5 • DBurundi 21.6 • 5Uganda 21.6 • 5Seychelles 21.7 • DNepal 21.8 • DMontenegro 22.0 • DIraq 22.0 • pSamoa 22.1 • DBenin 22.2 • p

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 22.2 • D

Georgia 22.2 • pVanuatu 22.3 • DCameroon 22.4 • 5Togo 22.4 • 5Belize 22.5 • 5Mauritius 22.5 • DComoros 22.7 • 5Latvia 22.9 • LMozambique 22.9 • 5Hungary 22.9 • DBurkina Faso 23.0 • pChad 23.0 • pBhutan 23.1 • DMoldova 23.1 • LArmenia 23.2 • DCambodia 23.3 • 5India 23.4 • 5Egypt 23.5 • DCentral African Republic 23.6 • 5Lesotho 23.6 • 5Madagascar 23.7 • 5Azerbaijan 23.8 • DBulgaria 23.8 • D

Syrian Arab Republic 23.9 • pKyrgyz Republic 24.0 • LTonga 24.1 • DHaiti 24.3 • p


Mali 24.4 • pMyanmar 24.5 • 5Pakistan 24.7 • 5Angola 24.9 • pEquatorial Guinea 25.0 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 25.1 • 5Grenada 25.3 • pEritrea 25.4 • DTrinidad and Tobago 25.6 • 5Sudan 25.7 • 5Lao PDR 25.8 • 5Tajikistan 25.8 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 25.9 • 5Solomon Islands 26.4 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 26.5 • DSouth Africa 26.5 • 5Indonesia 26.6 • 5Uzbekistan 26.9 • DGuyana 27.8 • pKiribati 28.2 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 28.4 • pPhilippines 28.6 • 5Kazakhstan 28.6 • LBelarus 28.6 • DUkraine 28.9 • DRussian Federation 29.3 • DMongolia 29.9 • DSierra Leone 30.3 • 5Yemen, Rep. 30.9 • 5Afghanistan 31.0 • 5Fiji 31.4 • 5Turkmenistan 34.5 • 5Papua New Guinea 36.1 • 5Andorra NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Iceland 8.3 • 5Korea, Rep. 8.3 • 5Switzerland 8.7 • 5Japan 8.8 • 5Australia 8.9 • 5Sweden 9.1 • 5Italy 9.4 • 5Israel 9.5 • 5Norway 9.6 • 5Luxembourg 9.7 • 5Canada 9.8 • 5Spain 10.0 • 5Finland 10.1 • 5Singapore 10.2 • 5Ireland 10.3 • 5New Zealand 10.4 • 5Malta 10.5 • 5France 10.9 • 5United Kingdom 11.0 • 5Netherlands 11.1 • 5Costa Rica 11.1 • 5Austria 11.2 • 5Portugal 11.3 • 5Cyprus 11.5 • 5Chile 11.5 • 5Denmark 11.6 • 5Belgium 11.6 • 5Germany 12.0 • 5Greece 12.3 • 5Maldives 12.4 • 5Brunei Darussalam 12.6 • LPeru 12.7 • 5Ecuador 13.1 • 5Slovenia 13.2 • 5United States 13.6 • 5Panama 13.7 • 5Honduras 13.9 • 5El Salvador 14.2 • 5Qatar 14.2 • LColombia 14.6 • LAlbania 14.7 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 14.8 • LAlgeria 15.0 • LMexico 15.2 • LJamaica 15.2 • LGuatemala 15.5 • pBahrain 15.5 • LCzech Republic 15.6 • LAntigua and Barbuda 15.6 • L

Bolivia 16.0 • LCabo Verde 16.1 • LBarbados 16.2 • LThailand 16.2 • 5Nicaragua 16.3 • LGabon 16.3 • pSaudi Arabia 16.4 • LCuba 16.4 • LUruguay 16.7 • LMorocco 16.7 • LTunisia 16.8 • DTurkey 16.8 • LBahamas, The 16.8 • LBrazil 16.9 • LCroatia 17.1 • LLiberia 17.1 • LArgentina 17.1 • LMalaysia 17.1 • LEstonia 17.2 • LZambia 17.3 • LVietnam 17.3 • DUnited Arab Emirates 17.4 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 17.6 • LSlovak Republic 17.6 • LSri Lanka 17.7 • 5Oman 17.8 • LParaguay 17.8 • DCongo 17.8 • LNiger 17.8 • LKenya 17.8 • 5Tanzania 17.9 • pVenezuela, RB 17.9 • 5Senegal 17.9 • LKuwait 18.0 • LSão Tomé and Principe 18.0 • pChina 18.1 • DZimbabwe 18.4 • DLebanon 18.4 • 5Poland 18.4 • LMauritania 18.5 • pNamibia 18.6 • LBotswana 18.6 • DDominican Republic 18.7 • DGuinea-Bissau 18.8 • LEthiopia 19.3 • 5Djibouti 19.4 • pJordan 19.6 • DSt. Lucia 19.7 • LMalawi 20.2 • p




Mortality rate that is attributable to the joint effects of fuels used for cooking indoors and ambient outdoor air pollution. Calculated as number of deaths divided by the total population.Source: WHO (2018) Year of reference: 2012

Age-standardised death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population)

Botswana 80.1 • ••Kiribati 80.2 • ••Fiji 81.0 • ••Serbia 83.2 • ••Paraguay 84.0 • ••Cabo Verde 84.5 • ••Montenegro 85.7 • ••Bulgaria 86.1 • ••Azerbaijan 87.9 • ••Senegal 88.4 • ••Honduras 92.4 • ••Moldova 93.3 • ••Tanzania 94.1 • ••Armenia 95.0 • ••Zimbabwe 95.0 • ••Vanuatu 95.1 • ••Ethiopia 96.3 • ••Vietnam 99.5 • ••Kenya 99.8 • ••Nicaragua 101.0 • ••Bhutan 101.9 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 102.5 • ••Solomon Islands 103.3 • ••Namibia 103.6 • ••Mozambique 108.7 • ••Kazakhstan 110.1 • ••Turkmenistan 112.0 • ••Sudan 115.8 • ••Zambia 116.9 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 121.2 • ••Mauritania 123.9 • ••Bangladesh 125.1 • ••Lesotho 128.2 • ••Uzbekistan 130.7 • ••Yemen, Rep. 131.3 • ••Sri Lanka 133.8 • ••São Tomé and Principe 134.5 • ••Liberia 135.8 • ••Albania 135.8 • ••Indonesia 137.4 • ••Somalia 140.3 • ••Philippines 142.0 • ••Rwanda 142.1 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 143.2 • ••Comoros 146.9 • ••South Sudan 149.1 • ••Cambodia 149.3 • ••Timor-Leste 149.4 • ••Nigeria 150.0 • ••

Uganda 152.1 • ••Malawi 153.1 • ••Pakistan 153.9 • ••Central African Republic 159.7 • ••Ghana 161.0 • ••Cameroon 163.8 • ••Togo 165.0 • ••Gambia 165.8 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 166.5 • ••Guinea 167.6 • ••Congo 168.9 • ••China 169.4 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 170.0 • ••Angola 171.2 • ••Eritrea 174.9 • ••Georgia 176.6 • ••Equatorial Guinea 179.9 • ••Burundi 181.4 • ••Madagascar 183.7 • ••Nepal 185.3 • ••Haiti 188.9 • ••Chad 191.5 • ••Niger 191.7 • ••Guinea-Bissau 191.9 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 196.5 • ••Benin 198.7 • ••Tajikistan 204.8 • ••India 206.0 • ••Myanmar 209.9 • ••Lao PDR 210.0 • ••Burkina Faso 212.3 • ••Mali 227.7 • ••Sierra Leone 243.9 • ••Mongolia 254.0 • ••Afghanistan 261.2 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 261.8 • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Sweden 0.2 • ••Australia 0.2 • ••New Zealand 0.3 • ••Brunei Darussalam 0.3 • ••Finland 2.6 • ••Canada 2.9 • ••Iceland 3.7 • ••Norway 6.3 • ••Spain 6.7 • ••United States 7.1 • ••Portugal 7.2 • ••France 8.1 • ••Switzerland 8.3 • ••Monaco 8.6 • ••Japan 8.7 • ••Ireland 9.9 • ••Denmark 9.9 • ••Barbados 10.7 • ••Luxembourg 11.3 • ••Israel 11.4 • ••Andorra 11.8 • ••Netherlands 12.2 • ••United Kingdom 12.5 • ••Italy 12.9 • ••Germany 13.2 • ••Cyprus 13.8 • ••Uruguay 14.2 • ••Belgium 14.2 • ••Austria 15.3 • ••Singapore 15.9 • ••Malta 16.2 • ••Korea, Rep. 16.5 • ••Bahamas, The 16.6 • ••Ecuador 18.3 • ••Chile 18.6 • ••Greece 18.7 • ••Costa Rica 19.2 • ••Mauritius 19.6 • ••Slovenia 20.4 • ••Seychelles 20.6 • ••Argentina 20.9 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 21.4 • ••St. Lucia 22.5 • ••Brazil 24.0 • ••Dominica 24.6 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 25.1 • ••Grenada 25.5 • ••Estonia 26.5 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

26.9 • ••

Venezuela, RB 27.4 • ••Suriname 27.7 • ••United Arab Emirates 28.2 • ••Panama 28.9 • ••Czech Republic 30.0 • ••Lebanon 31.0 • ••Mexico 31.4 • ••Colombia 31.6 • ••Qatar 31.7 • ••Bahrain 32.7 • ••Malaysia 33.4 • ••Cuba 33.5 • ••Lithuania 35.4 • ••Oman 35.6 • ••Maldives 36.2 • ••Morocco 36.4 • ••Dominican Republic 36.8 • ••Belize 37.7 • ••Poland 38.6 • ••Jamaica 40.1 • ••Slovak Republic 41.3 • ••Algeria 42.1 • ••Peru 42.5 • ••Croatia 43.4 • ••Jordan 44.5 • ••Kuwait 44.8 • ••Tunisia 45.5 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 51.6 • ••El Salvador 52.3 • ••Latvia 55.0 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 57.6 • ••Turkey 57.9 • ••Thailand 58.8 • ••Libya 59.6 • ••Belarus 60.6 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 61.2 • ••Guyana 62.6 • ••Hungary 66.3 • ••South Africa 67.2 • ••Guatemala 67.5 • ••Saudi Arabia 69.0 • ••Russian Federation 69.0 • ••Gabon 69.8 • ••Djibouti 70.1 • ••Bolivia 70.5 • ••Iraq 72.2 • ••Papua New Guinea 75.6 • ••Ukraine 76.5 • ••Romania 79.8 • ••Egypt 79.8 • ••




Estimated number of fatal road traffic injuries per 100,000 people.Source: WHO (2018) Year of reference: 2015

Traffic deaths rate (per 100,000 population)

Uruguay 17.4 • pTajikistan 17.6 • 5Timor-Leste 17.6 • pKuwait 17.7 • DIraq 17.8 • 5Solomon Islands 18.3 • pMorocco 18.6 • LSuriname 18.7 • LSt. Lucia 18.8 • pColombia 18.9 • pCambodia 19.0 • DEl Salvador 19.0 • DLebanon 19.3 • 5China 19.4 • 5Myanmar 19.5 • pSyrian Arab Republic 19.7 • 5Guatemala 19.9 • pKyrgyz Republic 20.1 • pNigeria 20.6 • DEcuador 20.7 • DKorea, Dem. Rep. 20.7 • 5Equatorial Guinea 20.8 • pMongolia 20.8 • pBotswana 21.0 • DIndia 21.2 • pBelize 21.3 • pCabo Verde 21.3 • 5South Africa 21.3 • DMalaysia 22.3 • 5Brazil 22.6 • pGabon 22.7 • 5Yemen, Rep. 22.8 • pTunisia 23.0 • 5Kazakhstan 23.2 • DBolivia 23.3 • pParaguay 23.4 • 5Jordan 23.6 • 5Namibia 23.6 • pAlgeria 23.7 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 24.0 • 5Vietnam 24.0 • pMauritania 24.2 • 5Chad 24.3 • DAngola 24.4 • pSudan 24.6 • pZambia 24.7 • 5Djibouti 24.9 • LEritrea 24.9 • DeSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 24.9 • 5

Oman 25.0 • DLibya 25.3 • pMali 25.3 • 5Ghana 26.1 • 5Lesotho 26.1 • 5Congo 26.7 • 5Guinea-Bissau 26.8 • 5Somalia 26.9 • 5Ethiopia 27.3 • pUganda 27.3 • 5Saudi Arabia 27.5 • pBenin 27.7 • 5Dominican Republic 27.8 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 28.0 • DSenegal 28.0 • 5Cameroon 28.1 • 5Guinea 28.1 • 5Niger 28.4 • 5Sierra Leone 28.5 • pComoros 28.6 • pSouth Sudan 29.3 • pGambia 30.4 • 5Kenya 30.5 • pBurkina Faso 30.7 • pMadagascar 31.4 • 5Thailand 31.7 • 5Central African Republic 31.8 • pTogo 31.9 • 5Burundi 32.7 • pRwanda 32.9 • pMozambique 33.1 • pSão Tomé and Principe 33.1 • pTanzania 33.4 • p


Malawi 34.2 • pLiberia 35.1 • pVenezuela, RB 41.7 • pZimbabwe 45.4 • pAndorra NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 2.0 • 5Kiribati 2.4 • 5Sweden 2.9 • 5United Kingdom 2.9 • 5Israel 3.2 • 5Maldives 3.3 • 5Norway 3.3 • 5Denmark 3.4 • 5Iceland 3.6 • 5Netherlands 3.6 • 5Spain 3.6 • 5Switzerland 3.6 • 5Singapore 3.7 • 5Ireland 4.0 • 5Germany 4.2 • 5Finland 4.4 • 5Japan 4.7 • 5France 5.1 • 5Australia 5.4 • 5Barbados 5.5 • LMalta 5.5 • 5Italy 5.6 • 5Austria 5.7 • 5Canada 5.8 • 5Fiji 5.8 • 5Tonga 6.0 • 5New Zealand 6.1 • LEstonia 6.3 • 5Cyprus 6.5 • 5Czech Republic 6.5 • 5Slovenia 6.5 • 5Grenada 6.6 • 5Bahrain 7.1 • LBelgium 7.1 • 5Serbia 7.4 • 5Hungary 7.5 • LBulgaria 7.6 • LCuba 7.6 • 5Luxembourg 7.7 • 5Portugal 7.7 • LSeychelles 7.9 • LBrunei Darussalam 8.0 • 5

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)

8.1 • 5

Greece 8.1 • LSlovak Republic 8.2 • LTurkey 8.8 • pRomania 8.9 • LCroatia 9.2 • L

Poland 9.4 • LUkraine 9.7 • LUnited Arab Emirates 9.8 • LLatvia 9.9 • LAzerbaijan 10.0 • LJamaica 10.0 • pUzbekistan 10.2 • LMontenegro 10.3 • LMoldova 10.7 • LPanama 10.7 • LPhilippines 10.7 • pUnited States 10.8 • DBahamas, The 11.0 • pAntigua and Barbuda 11.5 • pChile 11.6 • DGeorgia 11.6 • LMexico 11.8 • LKorea, Rep. 12.0 • LBelarus 12.6 • LBangladesh 12.8 • DQatar 12.8 • LMauritius 12.9 • pLithuania 13.0 • 5Egypt 13.3 • DPeru 13.3 • DTrinidad and Tobago 13.5 • LAlbania 13.6 • LArgentina 14.1 • pPakistan 14.3 • D


14.7 • p

Costa Rica 14.9 • pNicaragua 14.9 • DBhutan 15.0 • LLao PDR 15.0 • DAfghanistan 15.2 • 5Vanuatu 15.2 • pGuyana 15.3 • DHaiti 15.3 • 5Indonesia 15.5 • DSamoa 15.5 • pArmenia 15.7 • 5Honduras 16.5 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 16.6 • 5Papua New Guinea 16.9 • pSri Lanka 17.2 • DNepal 17.3 • DRussian Federation 17.4 • 5Turkmenistan 17.4 • D




Average number of years that a person can expect to live in “full health” by taking into account years lived in less than full health due to disease and/or injury. It adds up life expectancy for different health states, adjusted for severity distribution, capturing both fatal and non-fatal health outcomes in a summary measure of average levels of population health.Source: WHO (2018) Year of reference: 2015

Healthy life expectancy at birth (years)

Libya 72.7 • 5Belarus 72.3 • 5Moldova 72.1 • 5Vanuatu 72.0 • 5Guatemala 71.9 • 5Bangladesh 71.8 • 5Suriname 71.6 • 5Ukraine 71.3 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 71.2 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 71.1 • 5Egypt 70.9 • 5Bolivia 70.7 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 70.6 • 5Russian Federation 70.5 • 5Kazakhstan 70.2 • 5Belize 70.1 • 5Fiji 69.9 • 5Bhutan 69.8 • 5Tajikistan 69.7 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 69.4 • 5Uzbekistan 69.4 • 5Nepal 69.2 • 5Solomon Islands 69.2 • 5Indonesia 69.1 • 5Iraq 68.9 • 5Mongolia 68.8 • 5Cambodia 68.7 • 5Philippines 68.5 • 5India 68.3 • 5Timor-Leste 68.3 • 5São Tomé and Principe 67.5 • 5Senegal 66.7 • LMyanmar 66.6 • 5Pakistan 66.4 • 5Kiribati 66.3 • 5Turkmenistan 66.3 • 5Guyana 66.2 • 5Rwanda 66.1 • LGabon 66.0 • LNamibia 65.8 • LBotswana 65.7 • LLao PDR 65.7 • LYemen, Rep. 65.7 • LMadagascar 65.5 • LEthiopia 64.8 • LCongo 64.7 • LEritrea 64.7 • LSyrian Arab Republic 64.5 • 5Sudan 64.1 • L

Comoros 63.5 • LDjibouti 63.5 • LHaiti 63.5 • LKenya 63.4 • LMauritania 63.1 • LPapua New Guinea 62.9 • LSouth Africa 62.9 • LGhana 62.4 • LUganda 62.3 • LNiger 61.8 • LTanzania 61.8 • LZambia 61.8 • LLiberia 61.4 • LGambia 61.1 • DZimbabwe 60.7 • LAfghanistan 60.5 • LBenin 60.0 • DBurkina Faso 59.9 • LTogo 59.9 • L

Democratic Republic of Congo 59.8 • L

Burundi 59.6 • DGuinea 59.0 • LeSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 58.9 • LGuinea-Bissau 58.9 • DMalawi 58.3 • LEquatorial Guinea 58.2 • DMali 58.2 • DMozambique 57.6 • LCameroon 57.3 • DSouth Sudan 57.3 • DSomalia 55.0 • DNigeria 54.5 • DLesotho 53.7 • DCôte d'Ivoire 53.3 • DChad 53.1 • DCentral African Republic 52.5 • DAngola 52.4 • LSierra Leone 50.1 • DAndorra NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Liechtenstein* NA • 5Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Japan 83.7 • 5Switzerland 83.4 • 5Singapore 83.1 • 5Australia 82.8 • 5Spain 82.8 • 5Iceland 82.7 • 5Italy 82.7 • 5Israel 82.5 • 5France 82.4 • 5Sweden 82.4 • 5Korea, Rep. 82.3 • 5Canada 82.2 • 5Luxembourg 82.0 • 5Netherlands 81.9 • 5Norway 81.8 • 5Malta 81.7 • 5New Zealand 81.6 • 5Austria 81.5 • 5Ireland 81.4 • 5United Kingdom 81.2 • 5Belgium 81.1 • 5Finland 81.1 • 5Portugal 81.1 • 5Germany 81.0 • 5Greece 81.0 • 5Slovenia 80.8 • 5Denmark 80.6 • 5Chile 80.5 • 5Cyprus 80.5 • 5Costa Rica 79.6 • 5United States 79.3 • 5Cuba 79.1 • 5Czech Republic 78.8 • 5Maldives 78.5 • 5Qatar 78.2 • 5Croatia 78.0 • 5Albania 77.8 • 5Panama 77.8 • 5Brunei Darussalam 77.7 • 5Estonia 77.6 • 5Poland 77.5 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 77.4 • 5United Arab Emirates 77.1 • 5Uruguay 77.0 • 5Bahrain 76.9 • 5Mexico 76.7 • 5Slovak Republic 76.7 • 5Oman 76.6 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 76.4 • 5

Argentina 76.3 • 5Ecuador 76.2 • 5Jamaica 76.2 • 5Bahamas, The 76.1 • 5China 76.1 • 5Montenegro 76.1 • 5Vietnam 76.0 • 5Hungary 75.8 • 5Turkey 75.8 • 5


Algeria 75.6 • 5Serbia 75.6 • 5Barbados 75.5 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 75.5 • 5Peru 75.5 • 5Tunisia 75.3 • 5St. Lucia 75.2 • 5Brazil 75.0 • 5Malaysia 75.0 • 5Romania 75.0 • 5Lebanon 74.9 • 5Sri Lanka 74.9 • 5Thailand 74.9 • 5Armenia 74.8 • 5Colombia 74.8 • 5Nicaragua 74.8 • 5Kuwait 74.7 • 5Honduras 74.6 • 5Latvia 74.6 • 5Mauritius 74.6 • 5Bulgaria 74.5 • 5Saudi Arabia 74.5 • 5Georgia 74.4 • 5Morocco 74.3 • 5Jordan 74.1 • 5Venezuela, RB 74.1 • 5Paraguay 74.0 • 5Samoa 74.0 • 5Dominican Republic 73.9 • 5Grenada 73.6 • 5Lithuania 73.6 • 5El Salvador 73.5 • 5Tonga 73.5 • 5Cabo Verde 73.3 • 5Seychelles 73.2 • 5


Azerbaijan 72.7 • 5

* Source of trend analysis: UN Population Division (2018)




The number of births per 1,000 by women between the age of 15-19.Source: UNDP (2018) Year of reference: 2016

Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)

Fiji 43.7 • 5South Africa 44.4 • LAntigua and Barbuda 44.7 • DCuba 45.0 • 5Timor-Leste 45.6 • LChile 46.6 • DSuriname 46.7 • 5Georgia 47.1 • 5Solomon Islands 47.8 • DIndonesia 48.0 • 5Peru 48.4 • DColombia 49.5 • DCambodia 49.9 • p

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 50.1 • D

Egypt 51.0 • 5Thailand 51.8 • pAzerbaijan 52.6 • pPapua New Guinea 53.4 • 5Eritrea 53.5 • LJamaica 54.4 • DCosta Rica 54.6 • DUruguay 55.4 • 5Paraguay 56.6 • DSeychelles 57.8 • 5Philippines 59.9 • pMexico 61.4 • 5Yemen, Rep. 61.8 • DNepal 62.1 • DBrazil 62.7 • 5Argentina 63.0 • 5Lao PDR 63.3 • 5Belize 64.7 • DEthiopia 64.9 • DSouth Sudan 65.2 • LComoros 67.2 • DSudan 67.2 • LGhana 67.6 • 5Afghanistan 68.8 • LBolivia 69.0 • 5El Salvador 70.3 • 5Honduras 72.2 • DGuatemala 72.5 • DEcuador 74.6 • 5Cabo Verde 74.7 • DSenegal 74.9 • DNamibia 75.0 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 78.5 • 5Iraq 79.8 • p

Mauritania 80.5 • 5Kenya 81.8 • 5Gambia 81.9 • DPanama 82.8 • 5Bangladesh 84.4 • 5Venezuela, RB 85.8 • 5Zambia 86.0 • DGuyana 86.7 • 5Nicaragua 86.9 • DGuinea-Bissau 87.2 • DBenin 88.1 • DTogo 89.6 • 5Lesotho 89.7 • 5Dominican Republic 96.1 • 5São Tomé and Principe 96.3 • 5Gabon 98.5 • DSomalia 102.2 • DCentral African Republic 105.8 • 5Zimbabwe 105.8 • 5Burkina Faso 106.5 • DCameroon 108.8 • DNigeria 109.3 • 5Uganda 110.5 • DMadagascar 111.7 • 5Congo 114.1 • 5Sierra Leone 115.6 • DTanzania 116.6 • 5


Liberia 128.8 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 133.4 • 5Guinea 137.4 • 5Mozambique 138.9 • DMalawi 141.0 • 5Angola 154.5 • 5Equatorial Guinea 157.9 • 5Chad 164.5 • 5Mali 171.1 • 5Niger 194.0 • 5Andorra NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.3 • 5Korea, Rep. 1.7 • 5Switzerland 3.1 • 5Singapore 3.7 • 5Netherlands 4.1 • 5Japan 4.2 • 5Denmark 4.2 • 5Slovenia 4.3 • 5Cyprus 4.7 • 5Belgium 5.1 • 5Sweden 5.3 • 5Luxembourg 5.4 • 5Norway 5.7 • 5Libya 5.7 • 5Italy 6.2 • 5Maldives 6.5 • 5China 6.5 • 5Germany 6.8 • 5Finland 6.9 • 5Austria 7.2 • 5Iceland 7.3 • 5Greece 7.5 • 5Tunisia 7.6 • 5Oman 7.9 • 5Saudi Arabia 8.3 • 5Spain 8.7 • 5France 8.8 • 5Croatia 9.4 • 5Kuwait 9.4 • 5Israel 9.7 • 5Canada 9.8 • 5Portugal 9.9 • 5Ireland 10.1 • 5Qatar 10.2 • 5Czech Republic 10.2 • 5Algeria 10.4 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 10.4 • 5Brunei Darussalam 10.9 • 5Lithuania 11.4 • 5Montenegro 12.1 • 5Lebanon 12.2 • 5Poland 13.0 • 5Australia 13.3 • 5Estonia 13.3 • 5Malaysia 13.4 • 5Bahrain 13.5 • 5United Kingdom 13.5 • 5Latvia 13.8 • 5Sri Lanka 14.8 • 5

Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 14.9 • 5Tonga 15.1 • 5


Uzbekistan 16.7 • 5Malta 16.8 • 5Kiribati 17.2 • 5Belarus 18.0 • 5Serbia 19.3 • 5Djibouti 19.4 • 5Hungary 19.8 • 5New Zealand 20.6 • LUnited States 20.6 • LAlbania 20.7 • 5Bhutan 22.1 • LSlovak Republic 22.2 • 5Russian Federation 22.5 • LMoldova 22.7 • LJordan 23.3 • LArmenia 24.0 • LMongolia 24.2 • 5India 24.5 • LUkraine 24.7 • LSamoa 24.8 • LTurkmenistan 24.8 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 25.7 • LRwanda 26.8 • LTurkey 26.9 • LMauritius 26.9 • LBurundi 27.4 • LBahamas, The 28.0 • LUnited Arab Emirates 28.2 • DKazakhstan 28.4 • DVietnam 29.0 • LMyanmar 29.0 • LGrenada 30.4 • LTrinidad and Tobago 31.0 • LMorocco 31.7 • DBotswana 31.7 • LRomania 33.7 • DTajikistan 36.9 • DPakistan 37.7 • DHaiti 38.2 • DKyrgyz Republic 38.8 • pBarbados 39.2 • LSyrian Arab Republic 39.5 • DBulgaria 40.3 • DSt. Lucia 41.3 • DVanuatu 42.5 • D




The percentage of births attended by personnel trained to give the necessary supervision, care and advice to women during pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period; to conduct deliveries on their own; and to care for newborns.Source: UNICEF (2018) Year of reference: 2006–2016

Births attended by skilled health personnel (%)

Mexico 95.6 • ••Maldives 95.5 • ••Tonga 95.5 • ••Congo 94.4 • ••South Africa 94.3 • ••Belize 94.2 • ••Panama 93.9 • ••Vietnam 93.8 • ••Tuvalu 93.1 • ••São Tomé and Principe 92.5 • ••Cabo Verde 92.3 • ••Egypt 91.5 • ••Iraq 90.9 • ••Rwanda 90.7 • ••Tajikistan 90.3 • ••Marshall Islands 90.1 • ••Peru 90.0 • ••Suriname 90.0 • ••Malawi 89.8 • ••Vanuatu 89.4 • ••Gabon 89.3 • ••Cambodia 89.0 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 88.3 • ••Namibia 88.2 • ••Nicaragua 88.0 • ••Djibouti 87.4 • ••Indonesia 87.4 • ••Bhutan 86.1 • ••Guyana 85.7 • ••Solomon Islands 85.5 • ••Bolivia 84.8 • ••Honduras 82.8 • ••Samoa 82.5 • ••Comoros 82.2 • ••India 81.4 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo

80.1 • ••Zimbabwe 78.1 • ••Lesotho 77.9 • ••Sudan 77.7 • ••Benin 77.2 • ••Morocco 73.6 • ••Tunisia 73.6 • ••Philippines 72.8 • ••Ghana 70.8 • ••Equatorial Guinea 68.3 • ••Burkina Faso 65.9 • ••Guatemala 65.5 • ••Mauritania 65.1 • ••

Cameroon 64.7 • ••Tanzania 63.7 • ••Zambia 63.3 • ••Kenya 61.8 • ••Liberia 61.1 • ••Burundi 60.3 • ••Myanmar 60.2 • ••Sierra Leone 59.7 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 59.4 • ••Mali 58.6 • ••Uganda 57.4 • ••Gambia 57.2 • ••Nepal 55.6 • ••Mozambique 54.3 • ••Senegal 53.2 • ••Papua New Guinea 53.0 • ••Pakistan 52.1 • ••Afghanistan 50.5 • ••Haiti 48.6 • ••Angola 47.3 • ••Guinea 45.3 • ••Guinea-Bissau 45.0 • ••Yemen, Rep. 44.7 • ••Togo 44.6 • ••Madagascar 44.3 • ••Bangladesh 42.1 • ••Lao PDR 40.1 • ••Central African Republic 40.0 • ••Niger 39.7 • ••Nigeria 35.2 • ••Eritrea 34.1 • ••Timor-Leste 29.3 • ••Ethiopia 27.7 • ••Chad 20.2 • ••South Sudan 19.4 • ••Somalia 9.4 • ••Andorra NA • ••Belgium NA • ••Greece NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Israel NA • ••Lebanon NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Netherlands NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Spain NA • ••Sweden NA • ••United Kingdom NA • ••

Antigua and Barbuda 100.0 • ••Brunei Darussalam 100.0 • ••Dominica 100.0 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 100.0 • ••Korea, Rep. 100.0 • ••Lithuania 100.0 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 100.0 • ••Palau 100.0 • ••Qatar 100.0 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 100.0 • ••Switzerland 100.0 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 100.0 • ••United Arab Emirates 100.0 • ••Uzbekistan 100.0 • ••Kazakhstan 100.0 • ••Azerbaijan 99.9 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 99.9 • ••Botswana 99.9 • ••Canada 99.9 • ••China 99.9 • ••Croatia 99.9 • ••Cuba 99.9 • ••Finland 99.9 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 99.9 • ••Georgia 99.9 • ••Italy 99.9 • ••Libya 99.9 • ••Luxembourg 99.9 • ••Malta 99.9 • ••Ukraine 99.9 • ••Uruguay 99.9 • ••Armenia 99.8 • ••Bahrain 99.8 • ••Belarus 99.8 • ••Chile 99.8 • ••Czech Republic 99.8 • ••Japan 99.8 • ••Mauritius 99.8 • ••Poland 99.8 • ••Slovenia 99.8 • ••Bulgaria 99.7 • ••Ireland 99.7 • ••Moldova 99.7 • ••Russian Federation 99.7 • ••Argentina 99.6 • ••Jordan 99.6 • ••Singapore 99.6 • ••Thailand 99.6 • ••

Turkmenistan 99.5 • ••Venezuela, RB 99.5 • ••Estonia 99.4 • ••Albania 99.3 • ••Australia 99.3 • ••Costa Rica 99.2 • ••Hungary 99.2 • ••Brazil 99.1 • ••Jamaica 99.1 • ••Norway 99.1 • ••Oman 99.1 • ••Grenada 99.0 • ••Montenegro 99.0 • ••Seychelles 99.0 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 99.0 • ••Malaysia 99.0 • ••Mongolia 98.9 • ••Portugal 98.9 • ••Fiji 98.8 • ••Kuwait 98.7 • ••St. Lucia 98.7 • ••Barbados 98.6 • ••Sri Lanka 98.6 • ••Austria 98.5 • ••Germany 98.5 • ••Romania 98.5 • ••Slovak Republic 98.5 • ••United States 98.5 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 98.4 • ••Serbia 98.4 • ••France 98.3 • ••Kiribati 98.3 • ••Denmark 98.2 • ••Latvia 98.1 • ••Bahamas, The 98.0 • ••El Salvador 98.0 • ••Saudi Arabia 98.0 • ••Dominican Republic 97.7 • ••Cyprus 97.4 • ••Nauru 97.4 • ••Turkey 97.4 • ••Algeria 96.6 • ••New Zealand 96.6 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 96.4 • ••Ecuador 96.3 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 96.2 • ••Colombia 95.9 • ••Paraguay 95.7 • ••




Estimated national routine immunisation coverage of infants, expressed as the percentage of surviving infants under the age of 12 months who have received two WHO-recommended vaccines (DTP and measles).Source: WHO and UNICEF (2018) Year of reference: 2016

Surviving infants who have received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%)

United Kingdom 92 • LUnited States 92 • 5Algeria 91 • 5Colombia 91 • LComoros 91 • LIceland 91 • 5Nauru 91 • 5Suriname 91 • pZambia 91 • LArgentina 90 • pCanada 90 • LCroatia 90 • 5Cyprus 90 • LEl Salvador 90 • LFrance 90 • LLesotho 90 • LMyanmar 90 • pTanzania 90 • 5Zimbabwe 90 • pBahamas, The 89 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 89 • 5Ghana 89 • pBurkina Faso 88 • pHonduras 88 • pIndia 88 • LMoldova 88 • pPeru 88 • 5Austria 87 • LTogo 87 • LBrazil 86 • 5Romania 86 • pSudan 86 • pTrinidad and Tobago 86 • pDominican Republic 85 • 5Italy 85 • pNamibia 85 • LVenezuela, RB 84 • LEcuador 83 • pNepal 83 • LSierra Leone 83 • p

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 82 • p

Kazakhstan 82 • 5Serbia 82 • pCambodia 81 • pGuinea-Bissau 81 • LMalawi 81 • pCongo 80 • LGuatemala 80 • p

Kiribati 80 • pMozambique 80 • LPhilippines 80 • pLebanon 79 • 5Liberia 79 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 78 • pCameroon 78 • 5Timor-Leste 78 • DTonga 78 • pUganda 78 • LCôte d'Ivoire 77 • 5

Democratic Republic of Congo 77 • L

Indonesia 76 • pLao PDR 76 • LDjibouti 75 • pKenya 75 • pBenin 74 • LPanama 73 • pMarshall Islands 71 • pEthiopia 70 • LMauritania 70 • DPapua New Guinea 70 • LYemen, Rep. 70 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 69 • pMali 68 • pNiger 67 • pSouth Africa 66 • LGabon 64 • DIraq 63 • pAfghanistan 62 • 5Samoa 62 • LSan Marino 62 • pPakistan 61 • pMadagascar 58 • pGuinea 54 • pHaiti 53 • pVanuatu 53 • 5Angola 49 • pNigeria 49 • pCentral African Republic 47 • 5Montenegro 47 • pChad 46 • DSomalia 42 • pSyrian Arab Republic 42 • pSouth Sudan 20 • DEquatorial Guinea 19 • pUkraine 19 • pLiechtenstein NA • ••

Bahrain 99 • 5Bolivia 99 • LChina 99 • 5Cuba 99 • 5Hungary 99 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 99 • 5Luxembourg 99 • 5Maldives 99 • 5Monaco 99 • 5Morocco 99 • 5Oman 99 • 5Solomon Islands 99 • LSri Lanka 99 • 5Thailand 99 • 5United Arab Emirates 99 • 5Uzbekistan 99 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 98 • 5Belarus 98 • 5Brunei Darussalam 98 • 5Korea, Rep. 98 • 5Mongolia 98 • 5Nicaragua 98 • 5Portugal 98 • 5Qatar 98 • 5Saudi Arabia 98 • 5

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 98 • 5

Turkey 98 • 5Turkmenistan 98 • 5Andorra 97 • 5Azerbaijan 97 • LBhutan 97 • 5Greece 97 • 5Guyana 97 • 5Libya 97 • 5Russian Federation 97 • 5Spain 97 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 97 • 5Sweden 97 • 5Albania 96 • 5Belgium 96 • 5Czech Republic 96 • 5Dominica 96 • 5Japan 96 • 5Jordan 96 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 96 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 96 • 5Malaysia 96 • 5Mexico 96 • p

Norway 96 • 5Palau 96 • LPoland 96 • 5Seychelles 96 • 5Tajikistan 96 • 5Tunisia 96 • 5Vietnam 96 • 5Belize 95 • 5Botswana 95 • 5Egypt 95 • 5Gambia 95 • 5Germany 95 • 5Grenada 95 • 5Jamaica 95 • LRwanda 95 • 5Singapore 95 • 5Slovak Republic 95 • 5St. Lucia 95 • 5Uruguay 95 • 5Armenia 94 • 5Australia 94 • 5Bangladesh 94 • LDenmark 94 • LFiji 94 • 5Israel 94 • 5Lithuania 94 • 5Netherlands 94 • 5Switzerland 94 • 5Tuvalu 94 • LBurundi 93 • 5Chile 93 • 5Costa Rica 93 • LEritrea 93 • pEstonia 93 • 5Kuwait 93 • 5Latvia 93 • 5Malta 93 • LParaguay 93 • pSão Tomé and Principe 93 • 5Senegal 93 • pBarbados 92 • LBulgaria 92 • 5Cabo Verde 92 • 5Finland 92 • 5Georgia 92 • 5Ireland 92 • 5Mauritius 92 • 5New Zealand 92 • 5Slovenia 92 • 5




Coverage of essential health services, as defined by 9 tracer interventions and risk-standardized death rates from 32 causes amenable to personal healthcare.Source: IMHE (2016) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Universal Health Coverage Tracer Index (0-100)

St. Lucia 59.6 • 5Mongolia 59.6 • 5Georgia 59.6 • 5Morocco 59.0 • DTrinidad and Tobago 58.9 • 5Azerbaijan 58.8 • DBotswana 58.0 • 5Bhutan 56.6 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 56.6 • 5Dominica 56.6 • 5Tajikistan 56.5 • DSuriname 56.4 • 5Turkmenistan 56.3 • 5Paraguay 56.2 • 5Namibia 56.0 • 5Belize 55.9 • 5Bangladesh 55.6 • DSão Tomé and Principe 55.5 • 5Kenya 55.5 • 5


Honduras 55.1 • 5Grenada 55.0 • 5Guatemala 54.8 • 5Tonga 54.0 • 5South Africa 53.6 • 5Equatorial Guinea 53.2 • DBolivia 53.0 • 5Nepal 52.9 • DGhana 52.8 • 5Iraq 52.8 • 5Rwanda 52.4 • 5Cambodia 51.3 • DGuyana 51.3 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 51.2 • DMyanmar 51.1 • DIndonesia 51.1 • 5Mauritania 51.1 • 5Gambia 50.9 • 5India 50.7 • 5Gabon 50.5 • 5Philippines 50.3 • 5Malawi 49.6 • 5Tanzania 49.1 • 5Nigeria 48.7 • 5Samoa 48.3 • 5Sudan 47.8 • 5Congo 47.3 • 5Liberia 46.8 • 5

Djibouti 46.7 • 5Zimbabwe 46.7 • DFiji 46.7 • 5Benin 46.7 • 5Burkina Faso 46.6 • 5Mozambique 46.5 • 5Timor-Leste 46.4 • 5Angola 46.0 • DZambia 45.9 • 5Togo 45.8 • 5Cameroon 45.7 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 45.4 • 5Comoros 45.3 • 5Senegal 45.3 • 5Lao PDR 44.9 • DMali 44.9 • 5Yemen, Rep. 44.8 • 5Sierra Leone 44.6 • 5Marshall Islands 44.5 • 5Uganda 44.3 • 5


Pakistan 43.8 • 5Burundi 43.6 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 43.5 • 5Niger 43.1 • 5Lesotho 42.6 • 5Kiribati 41.4 • 5Haiti 41.1 • 5Ethiopia 41.1 • 5Solomon Islands 40.5 • 5Guinea 40.0 • 5Eritrea 39.8 • 5Papua New Guinea 39.4 • 5Madagascar 39.3 • 5Vanuatu 39.0 • 5Guinea-Bissau 38.9 • 5Chad 37.4 • 5South Sudan 35.7 • 5Afghanistan 32.3 • 5Central African Republic 30.1 • 5Somalia 27.2 • 5Liechtenstein NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Switzerland 86.2 • 5Finland 85.8 • 5Iceland 85.7 • 5Norway 84.1 • 5Japan 83.3 • 5Sweden 83.3 • 5Spain 82.9 • LLuxembourg 82.9 • 5Netherlands 82.6 • 5Austria 82.4 • LAustralia 82.2 • 5Singapore 81.7 • LKorea, Rep. 81.6 • LAndorra 81.2 • 5Italy 81.2 • LFrance 80.9 • LIreland 80.7 • LSlovenia 80.5 • LBelgium 80.3 • LDenmark 79.9 • LGermany 79.6 • LCanada 79.6 • LGreece 78.7 • LNew Zealand 78.3 • LCyprus 78.1 • LUnited Kingdom 77.8 • LMalta 77.7 • LQatar 77.6 • LPortugal 77.4 • LIsrael 76.9 • LCzech Republic 76.8 • LOman 75.8 • LEstonia 75.0 • LLebanon 74.7 • LKuwait 73.4 • LMaldives 73.0 • DCroatia 72.9 • DSaudi Arabia 72.9 • LPoland 72.6 • LUnited States 72.6 • pChile 71.3 • DBelarus 70.9 • LSlovak Republic 70.4 • DHungary 70.3 • DLatvia 70.0 • DChina 70.0 • DMontenegro 69.8 • DCosta Rica 69.4 • DSri Lanka 69.3 • D

Thailand 68.7 • DLithuania 68.3 • DBahrain 68.2 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 67.9 • DCuba 67.8 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 67.8 • 5Turkey 67.6 • DAlbania 67.1 • DRomania 66.7 • DPeru 66.5 • DTunisia 66.5 • DJordan 66.3 • DColombia 66.1 • DUnited Arab Emirates 66.1 • 5Armenia 65.5 • DMauritius 65.4 • DNicaragua 65.4 • DBosnia and Herzegovina 65.4 • 5Serbia 65.2 • 5Malaysia 65.0 • DUruguay 65.0 • 5Libya 64.8 • 5Brunei Darussalam 64.5 • pMoldova 64.5 • DAlgeria 64.2 • D


Kazakhstan 63.8 • DBulgaria 63.7 • DPanama 63.2 • 5El Salvador 63.2 • 5Russian Federation 63.1 • 5Ukraine 62.9 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 62.8 • 5Barbados 62.7 • 5Cabo Verde 62.6 • DBrazil 62.4 • 5Dominican Republic 62.3 • 5Vietnam 61.8 • DArgentina 61.7 • 5Ecuador 61.7 • DJamaica 61.3 • 5Egypt 61.2 • DUzbekistan 60.8 • DMexico 60.7 • 5Bahamas, The 60.6 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 60.3 • DVenezuela, RB 60.0 • 5Seychelles 59.7 • 5




Subjective self-evaluation of life, where respondents are asked to evaluate where they feel they stand on a ladder where 0 represents the worst possible life and 10 the best possible life.Source: Gallup (2018) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Subjective wellbeing (average ladder score, 0-10)

Indonesia 5.1 • pSerbia 5.1 • LVenezuela, RB 5.1 • pCôte d'Ivoire 5.0 • 5Benin 4.9 • pCongo 4.9 • DeSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 4.9 • ••Guinea 4.9 • pGabon 4.8 • LJordan 4.8 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 4.7 • pMali 4.7 • LMauritania 4.7 • pNepal 4.7 • LSenegal 4.7 • 5Somalia 4.7 • ••Albania 4.6 • pBurkina Faso 4.6 • DCambodia 4.6 • 5Chad 4.6 • LLao PDR 4.6 • ••Niger 4.6 • pGeorgia 4.5 • 5Iraq 4.5 • pKenya 4.5 • 5South Africa 4.5 • DDjibouti 4.4 • ••Liberia 4.4 • pNamibia 4.4 • ••Togo 4.4 • LArmenia 4.3 • pBangladesh 4.3 • p


Mozambique 4.3 • pSri Lanka 4.3 • LUkraine 4.3 • pEthiopia 4.2 • ••Myanmar 4.2 • ••Madagascar 4.1 • pSierra Leone 4.1 • LSudan 4.1 • pTunisia 4.1 • 5Comoros 4.0 • ••India 4.0 • pUganda 4.0 • 5Egypt 3.9 • 5Zambia 3.9 • pAngola 3.8 • p

Haiti 3.8 • pLesotho 3.8 • pZimbabwe 3.6 • pBotswana 3.5 • 5Central African Republic 3.5 • pSyrian Arab Republic 3.5 • pMalawi 3.4 • 5Rwanda 3.3 • pTanzania 3.3 • DYemen, Rep. 3.3 • pBurundi 2.9 • pSouth Sudan 2.8 • ••Afghanistan 2.7 • pAndorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Gambia NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Finland 7.8 • 5Denmark 7.6 • 5Norway 7.6 • ••Iceland 7.5 • ••Netherlands 7.5 • 5Switzerland 7.5 • 5Canada 7.4 • 5Australia 7.3 • 5Austria 7.3 • 5Israel 7.3 • 5New Zealand 7.3 • 5Sweden 7.3 • 5Costa Rica 7.2 • 5Germany 7.1 • 5Ireland 7.1 • 5Luxembourg 7.1 • 5United Kingdom 7.1 • 5United Arab Emirates 7.0 • 5United States 7.0 • 5Belgium 6.9 • 5Oman 6.9 • ••Czech Republic 6.8 • 5Malta 6.7 • LFrance 6.6 • 5Panama 6.6 • 5Nicaragua 6.5 • LMexico 6.4 • 5Qatar 6.4 • 5Singapore 6.4 • 5Slovak Republic 6.4 • 5Uzbekistan 6.4 • LBrazil 6.3 • 5Chile 6.3 • 5El Salvador 6.3 • 5Guatemala 6.3 • 5Lithuania 6.3 • LMalaysia 6.3 • LSaudi Arabia 6.3 • 5Suriname 6.3 • ••Uruguay 6.3 • 5Bahrain 6.2 • pColombia 6.2 • 5Italy 6.2 • pMauritius 6.2 • DPoland 6.2 • LSlovenia 6.2 • pSpain 6.2 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 6.2 • ••Cyprus 6.1 • p

Hungary 6.1 • LKuwait 6.1 • 5Romania 6.1 • LArgentina 6.0 • 5Belize 6.0 • ••Guyana 6.0 • ••Honduras 6.0 • pLatvia 6.0 • LEstonia 5.9 • DJamaica 5.9 • pJapan 5.9 • pKazakhstan 5.9 • LKorea, Rep. 5.9 • pThailand 5.9 • 5Ecuador 5.8 • LPakistan 5.8 • pParaguay 5.8 • pTajikistan 5.8 • LBolivia 5.7 • 5Peru 5.7 • 5Portugal 5.7 • DBelarus 5.6 • LDominican Republic 5.6 • LKyrgyz Republic 5.6 • pLibya 5.6 • ••Montenegro 5.6 • pPhilippines 5.6 • LRussian Federation 5.6 • LTurkey 5.6 • 5Ghana 5.5 • pCuba 5.4 • ••Croatia 5.3 • pMoldova 5.3 • LMongolia 5.3 • LMorocco 5.3 • LNigeria 5.3 • 5Algeria 5.2 • pAzerbaijan 5.2 • L


Lebanon 5.2 • DTurkmenistan 5.2 • 5Vietnam 5.2 • pBhutan 5.1 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.1 • LBulgaria 5.1 • LCameroon 5.1 • LChina 5.1 • LGreece 5.1 • p





Difference between maximum and minimum life expectancy at birth among different regions of the country.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2013

Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years)

(OECD Member States)

Ireland 0.3 • ••Japan 0.9 • ••Denmark 1.3 • ••Switzerland 1.3 • ••Norway 1.5 • ••Netherlands 1.7 • ••Slovak Republic 1.9 • ••Sweden 1.9 • ••Finland 2.1 • ••Israel 2.1 • ••Austria 2.2 • ••Iceland 2.2 • ••Slovenia 2.2 • ••Korea, Rep. 2.4 • ••Belgium 2.5 • ••Chile 2.5 • ••Greece 2.6 • ••Germany 2.6 • ••

Hungary 2.8 • ••Italy 2.8 • ••United Kingdom 3.0 • ••Poland 3.2 • ••Czech Republic 3.5 • ••New Zealand 3.9 • ••France 4.0 • ••Mexico 4.3 • ••Portugal 4.6 • ••Turkey 4.9 • ••Spain 5.1 • ••Estonia 5.2 • ••United States 6.3 • ••Australia 6.3 • ••Canada 11.0 • ••Latvia NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••

New Zealand 3.7 • ••Australia 8.3 • ••Spain 8.8 • ••Greece 9.0 • ••Italy 9.1 • ••Japan 11.4 • ••Korea, Rep. 11.9 • ••France 13.1 • ••Denmark 13.2 • ••Turkey 14.4 • ••Iceland 15.1 • ••Canada 15.4 • ••Luxembourg 16.0 • ••Norway 17.4 • ••Slovak Republic 17.7 • ••Poland 18.3 • ••Hungary 20.0 • ••Ireland 20.2 • ••

Slovenia 20.8 • ••Sweden 21.1 • ••Switzerland 21.1 • ••Netherlands 21.4 • ••Chile 21.6 • ••Portugal 22.0 • ••United Kingdom 22.1 • ••United States 22.3 • ••Austria 22.7 • ••Finland 26.3 • ••Germany 27.5 • ••Belgium 29.4 • ••Czech Republic 32.6 • ••Latvia 35.4 • ••Estonia 41.1 • ••Israel NA • ••Mexico NA • ••

Gap in self-reported health by income (0-100)

(OECD Member States)

Difference between self-reported health status by income level between first and fifth quintile.Source: OECD (2018 Year of reference: 2015




The percentage of the population aged 15 years and older who are reported to smoke daily.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Daily smokers (% population age 15+)(OECD Member States)

Mexico 7.6 • 5Iceland 10.2 • 5Sweden 11.2 • 5United States 11.4 • 5Norway 12.0 • 5Australia 12.4 • 5Canada 14.0 • 5New Zealand 14.2 • ••Luxembourg 14.9 • 5United Kingdom 16.1 • 5Portugal 16.8 • ••Denmark 17.0 • LKorea, Rep. 17.3 • LFinland 17.4 • 5Czech Republic 18.2 • LJapan 18.2 • 5Belgium 18.9 • ••Slovenia 18.9 • ••

Ireland 19.0 • ••Netherlands 19.0 • LIsrael 19.6 • 5Italy 20.0 • LSwitzerland 20.4 • ••Germany 20.9 • ••Estonia 21.3 • LFrance 22.4 • LPoland 22.7 • LSlovak Republic 22.9 • pSpain 23.0 • LLatvia 24.1 • ••Austria 24.3 • ••Hungary 25.8 • 5Greece 27.3 • LTurkey 27.3 • pChile 29.8 • ••




The percentage of children of the official school age population who are enrolled in primary education.Source: UNESCO (2018) Year of reference: 2009–2017

Net primary school enrolment rate (%)

Hungary 91.4 • pEcuador 91.3 • pBulgaria 91.2 • pColombia 91.2 • pIndonesia 90.9 • pUganda 90.9 • ••Barbados 90.8 • pKuwait 90.7 • pBangladesh 90.5 • ••Bolivia 89.8 • pNamibia 89.7 • ••Thailand 89.6 • pMozambique 89.6 • DKyrgyz Republic 89.4 • DBotswana 89.0 • DParaguay 88.5 • ••Tonga 88.2 • ••Bahamas, The 88.2 • pTuvalu 87.7 • ••Croatia 87.5 • DPanama 87.2 • pMoldova 86.9 • pVenezuela, RB 86.7 • pRomania 86.6 • pZambia 86.3 • ••Kazakhstan 86.2 • pCabo Verde 86.2 • pDominican Republic 86.1 • pCongo 85.8 • ••Vanuatu 85.8 • ••Ethiopia 85.4 • LEl Salvador 84.8 • pZimbabwe 84.8 • ••Togo 84.6 • LGuatemala 84.6 • pGhana 84.6 • LPapua New Guinea 84.3 • ••Nauru 84.2 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 84.0 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 83.9 • LYemen, Rep. 83.1 • DHonduras 82.7 • pLebanon 82.2 • pKenya 81.8 • ••Bhutan 81.0 • pComoros 80.9 • ••Timor-Leste 80.2 • LSouth Africa 80.0 • ••Lesotho 80.0 • 5Tanzania 79.0 • p

Chad 78.9 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 78.6 • pGuinea 77.9 • LPakistan 77.8 • 5Gambia 77.6 • DAngola 77.5 • ••Marshall Islands 77.1 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 76.2 • 5Burkina Faso 75.2 • DSolomon Islands 72.6 • ••Senegal 72.3 • 5Guinea-Bissau 70.9 • ••Mauritania 70.9 • 5Central African Republic 68.1 • ••Nigeria 64.1 • ••Niger 63.8 • DSyrian Arab Republic 63.2 • ••Djibouti 59.1 • DMali 56.9 • pSudan 55.4 • ••Equatorial Guinea 43.3 • pEritrea 42.4 • 5Liberia 37.7 • pSouth Sudan 32.1 • ••Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Austria NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••China NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••Democratic Republic of Congo

NA • ••Gabon NA • ••Haiti NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Jamaica NA • ••Jordan NA • ••Libya NA • ••Madagascar NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••Somalia NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••

Canada 100.0 • ••Singapore 99.9 • ••United Kingdom 99.9 • LNorway 99.8 • 5Georgia 99.6 • LMyanmar 99.5 • LArgentina 99.4 • 5Sweden 99.4 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 99.3 • 5Finland 99.1 • LPalau 99.1 • ••Sri Lanka 98.9 • LMalaysia 98.9 • LJapan 98.8 • 5France 98.7 • 5Denmark 98.7 • LGermany 98.7 • LTunisia 98.6 • ••Iceland 98.6 • 5Spain 98.5 • 5New Zealand 98.5 • pSierra Leone 98.3 • ••Maldives 98.2 • DLithuania 98.2 • LBelgium 98.1 • LVietnam 98.0 • ••Mongolia 97.8 • LSlovenia 97.8 • LTajikistan 97.7 • pFiji 97.6 • LMalta 97.6 • ••Algeria 97.6 • DEgypt 97.5 • LSaudi Arabia 97.4 • LKiribati 97.4 • ••Cyprus 97.4 • pItaly 97.3 • pNetherlands 97.3 • pUruguay 97.2 • pRussian Federation 97.0 • LNicaragua 97.0 • ••Burundi 96.9 • ••Korea, Rep. 96.8 • pIsrael 96.7 • DAustralia 96.7 • DCosta Rica 96.6 • ••Benin 96.4 • LPortugal 96.3 • pBahrain 96.3 • ••Malawi 96.3 • ••

Uzbekistan 96.2 • LBelarus 96.1 • LSão Tomé and Principe 96.1 • pBelize 96.0 • LRwanda 95.9 • ••Serbia 95.7 • LPhilippines 95.7 • LDominica 95.6 • LIreland 95.5 • 5Mexico 95.5 • 5Cuba 95.4 • pCameroon 95.3 • LTrinidad and Tobago 95.2 • ••Grenada 95.2 • LPeru 95.2 • pAlbania 95.1 • LPoland 95.0 • DOman 95.0 • DMauritius 94.9 • pAzerbaijan 94.9 • LLatvia 94.9 • pTurkey 94.9 • pSamoa 94.9 • pLao PDR 94.7 • LNepal 94.7 • ••United Arab Emirates 94.6 • LLuxembourg 94.6 • LMorocco 94.5 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 94.1 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

93.9 • p

Montenegro 93.7 • pBrunei Darussalam 93.7 • pQatar 93.6 • pGreece 93.6 • pSwitzerland 93.5 • pEstonia 93.3 • pSuriname 93.3 • pUnited States 92.9 • pChile 92.9 • pCambodia 92.8 • LSan Marino 92.7 • ••Brazil 92.7 • pUkraine 92.4 • LIndia 92.3 • ••Liechtenstein 92.1 • LArmenia 92.1 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)

91.7 • L

Guyana 91.5 • ••




The average number of completed years of education of a country’s population, excluding years spent repeating individual grades.Source: UNESCO (2018) Year of reference: 2015

Mean years of schooling (years)

Guyana 8.4 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 8.4 • DEcuador 8.3 • DSuriname 8.3 • 5Bolivia 8.2 • DGabon 8.1 • DOman 8.1 • 5Paraguay 8.1 • DVietnam 8.0 • DDominica 7.9 • 5Indonesia 7.9 • 5Thailand 7.9 • DTurkey 7.9 • DAlgeria 7.8 • DBrazil 7.8 • DKiribati 7.8 • 5Dominican Republic 7.7 • 5Zimbabwe 7.7 • 5China 7.6 • 5Colombia 7.6 • 5Kuwait 7.3 • 5Libya 7.3 • 5Egypt 7.1 • 5Tunisia 7.1 • 5Ghana 6.9 • 5Zambia 6.9 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 6.8 • 5Vanuatu 6.8 • 5Namibia 6.7 • 5Iraq 6.6 • 5El Salvador 6.5 • 5Nicaragua 6.5 • 5Congo 6.3 • 5Guatemala 6.3 • DIndia 6.3 • DKenya 6.3 • 5Honduras 6.2 • DMaldives 6.2 • DCameroon 6.1 • 5


Lesotho 6.1 • 5Madagascar 6.1 • 5Nigeria 6.0 • 5Tanzania 5.8 • 5Uganda 5.7 • 5Equatorial Guinea 5.5 • 5São Tomé and Principe 5.3 • 5Solomon Islands 5.3 • 5

Bangladesh 5.2 • 5Haiti 5.2 • 5Lao PDR 5.2 • 5Pakistan 5.1 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 5.1 • pAngola 5.0 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 5.0 • 5Morocco 5.0 • 5Cabo Verde 4.8 • 5Comoros 4.8 • 5South Sudan 4.8 • 5Cambodia 4.7 • 5Myanmar 4.7 • 5Togo 4.7 • 5Liberia 4.4 • 5Malawi 4.4 • 5Timor-Leste 4.4 • 5Mauritania 4.3 • 5Papua New Guinea 4.3 • 5Central African Republic 4.2 • 5Djibouti 4.1 • 5Nepal 4.1 • 5Eritrea 3.9 • 5Rwanda 3.8 • 5Afghanistan 3.5 • 5Benin 3.5 • 5Mozambique 3.5 • 5Sudan 3.5 • 5Gambia 3.3 • 5Sierra Leone 3.3 • 5Bhutan 3.1 • 5Burundi 3.0 • 5Yemen, Rep. 3.0 • 5Guinea-Bissau 2.9 • 5Senegal 2.8 • 5Ethiopia 2.6 • 5Guinea 2.6 • 5Chad 2.3 • 5Mali 2.3 • 5Somalia 2.1 • ••Niger 1.7 • 5Burkina Faso 1.4 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Switzerland 13.4 • 5United Kingdom 13.3 • 5Australia 13.2 • 5Germany 13.2 • 5United States 13.2 • 5Canada 13.1 • 5Israel 12.8 • 5Denmark 12.7 • 5Lithuania 12.7 • 5Norway 12.7 • 5Estonia 12.5 • 5Japan 12.5 • LNew Zealand 12.5 • 5Liechtenstein 12.4 • LCzech Republic 12.3 • 5Ireland 12.3 • 5Palau 12.3 • LSweden 12.3 • LGeorgia 12.2 • 5Iceland 12.2 • LKorea, Rep. 12.2 • LSlovak Republic 12.2 • LSlovenia 12.1 • LBelarus 12.0 • LHungary 12.0 • LLuxembourg 12.0 • LRussian Federation 12.0 • LUzbekistan 12.0 • LMoldova 11.9 • LNetherlands 11.9 • LPoland 11.9 • LCuba 11.8 • LCyprus 11.7 • LKazakhstan 11.7 • LLatvia 11.7 • pFrance 11.6 • LSingapore 11.6 • LBelgium 11.4 • LArmenia 11.3 • DAustria 11.3 • LMalta 11.3 • LMontenegro 11.3 • LUkraine 11.3 • 5Azerbaijan 11.2 • LCroatia 11.2 • LFinland 11.2 • LTonga 11.1 • LBahamas, The 10.9 • 5Italy 10.9 • L

Sri Lanka 10.9 • DTrinidad and Tobago 10.9 • 5Bulgaria 10.8 • DKyrgyz Republic 10.8 • DRomania 10.8 • DSerbia 10.8 • LBarbados 10.5 • LBelize 10.5 • 5Fiji 10.5 • LGreece 10.5 • DTajikistan 10.4 • 5Andorra 10.3 • LSamoa 10.3 • DSouth Africa 10.3 • LJordan 10.1 • 5Malaysia 10.1 • DChile 9.9 • 5Panama 9.9 • DTurkmenistan 9.9 • 5Argentina 9.8 • DMongolia 9.8 • 5Qatar 9.8 • DSpain 9.8 • DAlbania 9.6 • DJamaica 9.6 • 5Saudi Arabia 9.6 • LUnited Arab Emirates 9.5 • 5Bahrain 9.4 • D


Seychelles 9.4 • LVenezuela, RB 9.4 • DPhilippines 9.3 • 5St. Lucia 9.3 • DAntigua and Barbuda 9.2 • 5Botswana 9.2 • 5Mauritius 9.1 • DBosnia and Herzegovina 9.0 • LBrunei Darussalam 9.0 • 5Peru 9.0 • DPortugal 8.9 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 8.8 • DCosta Rica 8.7 • 5Grenada 8.6 • 5Lebanon 8.6 • DMexico 8.6 • 5


Uruguay 8.6 • 5




The percentage of youth, aged between 15-24 years old, who can both read and write a short simple statement on everyday life with understanding.Source: UNESCO (2018) Year of reference: 2004–2016

Literacy rate of 15-24 year olds, both sexes (%)

Lesotho 86.6 • ••Kenya 86.5 • ••India 86.1 • ••Tanzania 85.8 • ••Ghana 85.7 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 85.0 • ••Nepal 84.8 • ••Myanmar 84.8 • ••Togo 84.3 • ••Uganda 83.7 • ••Rwanda 82.3 • ••Congo 80.9 • ••Cameroon 80.6 • ••Burundi 79.6 • ••Timor-Leste 79.5 • ••Angola 77.4 • ••Madagascar 76.8 • ••Malawi 72.9 • ••Pakistan 72.8 • ••Haiti 72.3 • ••Lao PDR 72.1 • ••Comoros 71.6 • ••Mozambique 67.1 • ••Papua New Guinea 66.7 • ••Nigeria 66.4 • ••Sudan 65.8 • ••Gambia 60.8 • ••Guinea-Bissau 60.4 • ••Sierra Leone 57.0 • ••Mauritania 56.1 • ••Senegal 55.9 • ••Ethiopia 55.0 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 53.0 • ••Benin 52.5 • ••Iraq 52.3 • ••Burkina Faso 50.1 • ••Mali 49.4 • ••Liberia 49.1 • ••Afghanistan 47.0 • ••Guinea 46.3 • ••South Sudan 36.7 • ••Central African Republic 36.4 • ••Chad 30.8 • ••Niger 23.5 • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Australia NA • ••Austria NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••

Barbados NA • ••Belgium NA • ••Belize NA • ••Canada NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••Denmark NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Finland NA • ••France NA • ••Germany NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Hungary NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Ireland NA • ••Israel NA • ••Jamaica NA • ••Japan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Rep. NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Netherlands NA • ••New Zealand NA • ••Norway NA • ••Poland NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••Slovenia NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Sweden NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••United Kingdom NA • ••United States NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••Yemen, Rep. NA • ••

Andorra 100.0 • ••Uzbekistan 100.0 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 100.0 • ••Ukraine 100.0 • ••Estonia 99.9 • ••Azerbaijan 99.9 • ••Singapore 99.9 • ••Kazakhstan 99.9 • ••Cuba 99.9 • ••Italy 99.9 • ••Lithuania 99.9 • ••Armenia 99.8 • ••Tajikistan 99.8 • ••Latvia 99.8 • ••Belarus 99.8 • ••Cyprus 99.8 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 99.8 • ••Croatia 99.7 • ••Serbia 99.7 • ••Russian Federation 99.7 • ••Georgia 99.7 • ••Indonesia 99.7 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 99.7 • ••China 99.6 • ••Spain 99.6 • ••Turkey 99.5 • ••Moldova 99.5 • ••Tonga 99.4 • ••Portugal 99.4 • ••Bolivia 99.4 • ••Brunei Darussalam 99.4 • ••Argentina 99.3 • ••Maldives 99.3 • ••Kuwait 99.3 • ••Lebanon 99.2 • ••Samoa 99.2 • ••Albania 99.2 • ••Saudi Arabia 99.2 • ••Montenegro 99.2 • ••Costa Rica 99.1 • ••Jordan 99.1 • ••Ecuador 99.1 • ••Chile 99.0 • ••Romania 99.0 • ••Seychelles 99.0 • ••South Africa 99.0 • ••Mexico 98.9 • ••Uruguay 98.9 • ••Peru 98.9 • ••

Malta 98.9 • ••Brazil 98.8 • ••Venezuela, RB 98.8 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 98.7 • ••Qatar 98.7 • ••Oman 98.7 • ••Greece 98.7 • ••Palau 98.7 • ••Colombia 98.5 • ••Mongolia 98.5 • ••Marshall Islands 98.5 • ••Malaysia 98.4 • ••Paraguay 98.3 • ••Bahrain 98.2 • ••Sri Lanka 98.2 • ••Thailand 98.1 • ••Mauritius 98.1 • ••Cabo Verde 98.1 • ••Philippines 98.1 • ••El Salvador 97.9 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 97.9 • ••Bulgaria 97.9 • ••Suriname 97.7 • ••Panama 97.6 • ••Dominican Republic 97.6 • ••Equatorial Guinea 97.1 • ••Vietnam 97.1 • ••São Tomé and Principe 96.7 • ••Guyana 96.7 • ••Tunisia 96.2 • ••Honduras 96.1 • ••United Arab Emirates 95.0 • ••Namibia 94.4 • ••Guatemala 94.4 • ••Botswana 94.0 • ••Algeria 93.8 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 93.5 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 92.5 • ••Bangladesh 92.2 • ••Egypt 92.0 • ••Morocco 91.2 • ••Zimbabwe 90.4 • ••Zambia 88.7 • ••Gabon 88.5 • ••Bhutan 87.3 • ••Cambodia 87.1 • ••Nicaragua 87.0 • ••Eritrea 87.0 • ••





The percentage of the population, aged between 25-64 years old, who have completed tertiary education.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

PISA score (0-600)(OECD Member States)

Population age 25-64 with tertiary education (%)(OECD Member States)

Canada 56.3 • 5Japan 50.5 • 5Israel 49.9 • 5Korea, Rep. 46.9 • 5United Kingdom 46.0 • 5United States 45.7 • 5Australia 43.7 • 5Finland 43.6 • 5Norway 43.0 • 5Luxembourg 42.9 • 5Ireland 42.8 • 5Switzerland 41.2 • 5Sweden 41.1 • 5Iceland 40.5 • 5Estonia 38.8 • 5Denmark 38.2 • 5Belgium 37.5 • 5New Zealand 36.3 • ••

Netherlands 36.0 • 5Spain 35.7 • 5France 34.6 • 5Latvia 33.4 • 5Austria 31.4 • 5Slovenia 30.7 • LGreece 30.2 • LPoland 28.7 • LGermany 28.3 • 5Portugal 23.8 • LHungary 23.7 • LCzech Republic 23.0 • LChile 22.5 • LSlovak Republic 22.0 • LTurkey 19.4 • LItaly 17.7 • LMexico 16.8 • D

Japan 528.7 • ••Estonia 524.3 • ••Canada 523.7 • ••Finland 522.7 • ••Korea, Rep. 519.0 • ••Ireland 509.3 • ••Slovenia 509.3 • ••Germany 508.0 • ••Netherlands 508.0 • ••Switzerland 506.3 • ••New Zealand 505.7 • ••Denmark 504.3 • ••Norway 504.3 • ••Poland 503.7 • ••Belgium 502.7 • ••Australia 502.3 • ••United Kingdom 499.7 • ••Portugal 497.0 • ••

France 495.7 • ••Sweden 495.7 • ••Austria 492.3 • ••Spain 491.7 • ••Czech Republic 490.7 • ••United States 487.7 • ••Latvia 486.7 • ••Italy 485.3 • ••Luxembourg 483.3 • ••Iceland 481.0 • ••Hungary 474.7 • ••Israel 472.0 • ••Slovak Republic 463.0 • ••Greece 458.7 • ••Chile 443.0 • ••Turkey 424.3 • ••Mexico 415.7 • ••

National scores in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), an internationally standardised assessment that is administered to 15-year-olds in schools. It assesses how far students near the end of compulsory education have acquired some of the knowledge and skills that are essential for full participation in society. Country PISA scores for reading, mathematics and science were averaged to obtain an overall PISA score.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015





Percentage of variation in science performance explained by students’ socio-economic status.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015

Percentage of variation in science performance explained by students’ socio-economic status(OECD Member States)

Iceland 4.9 • ••Estonia 7.8 • ••Norway 8.2 • ••Latvia 8.7 • ••Canada 8.8 • ••Turkey 9.0 • ••Italy 9.6 • ••Finland 10.0 • ••Japan 10.1 • ••Korea, Rep. 10.1 • ••Denmark 10.4 • ••United Kingdom 10.5 • ••Mexico 10.9 • ••Israel 11.2 • ••United States 11.4 • ••Australia 11.7 • ••Sweden 12.2 • ••Netherlands 12.5 • ••

Greece 12.5 • ••Ireland 12.7 • ••Poland 13.4 • ••Spain 13.4 • ••Slovenia 13.5 • ••New Zealand 13.6 • ••Portugal 14.9 • ••Switzerland 15.6 • ••Germany 15.8 • ••Austria 15.9 • ••Slovak Republic 16.0 • ••Chile 16.9 • ••Czech Republic 18.8 • ••Belgium 19.3 • ••France 20.3 • ••Luxembourg 20.8 • ••Hungary 21.4 • ••

Percentage of students with a performance in science below PISA Proficiency Level 2 (less than 409.54 score points).Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Students performing below level 2 in science (%)(OECD Member States)

Estonia 8.8 • 5Japan 9.6 • 5Canada 11.1 • 5Finland 11.5 • 5Korea, Rep. 14.4 • pSlovenia 15.0 • pIreland 15.3 • pDenmark 15.9 • DPoland 16.3 • pGermany 17.0 • pLatvia 17.2 • pPortugal 17.4 • pUnited Kingdom 17.4 • pNew Zealand 17.4 • pAustralia 17.6 • pSpain 18.3 • pSwitzerland 18.5 • pNetherlands 18.5 • p

Norway 18.7 • pBelgium 19.8 • pUnited States 20.3 • pCzech Republic 20.7 • pAustria 20.8 • ••Sweden 21.6 • pFrance 22.1 • pItaly 23.2 • pIceland 25.3 • pLuxembourg 25.9 • pHungary 26.0 • pSlovak Republic 30.7 • pIsrael 31.4 • 5Greece 32.7 • pChile 34.8 • pTurkey 44.5 • pMexico 47.8 • p




Percentage of students who are in the bottom quarter of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) in the country/economy of assessment and performs in the top quarter of students among all countries/economies, after accounting for socio-economic status.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015

Resilient students (%)(OECD Member States)

Japan 48.8 • ••Estonia 48.3 • ••Finland 42.8 • ••Korea, Rep. 40.4 • ••Spain 39.2 • ••Canada 38.7 • ••Portugal 38.1 • ••United Kingdom 35.4 • ••Latvia 35.2 • ••Slovenia 34.6 • ••Poland 34.6 • ••Germany 33.5 • ••Australia 32.9 • ••United States 31.6 • ••Netherlands 30.7 • ••New Zealand 30.4 • ••Ireland 29.6 • ••Switzerland 29.1 • ••

Denmark 27.5 • ••Belgium 27.2 • ••France 26.6 • ••Italy 26.6 • ••Norway 26.5 • ••Austria 25.9 • ••Czech Republic 24.9 • ••Sweden 24.7 • ••Turkey 21.8 • ••Luxembourg 20.7 • ••Hungary 19.3 • ••Greece 18.1 • ••Slovak Republic 17.5 • ••Iceland 17.0 • ••Israel 15.7 • ••Chile 14.6 • ••Mexico 12.8 • ••




The percentage of women of reproductive age, either married or in a union, who have an unmet need for family planning. Women with an unmet need are considered to be those who want to stop or delay childbearing but are not using any method of contraception.Source: UNDESA (2018) Year of reference: 2017

Estimated demand for contraception that is unmet (% women married or in union, ages 15-49)

Turkmenistan 20.8 • LSt. Lucia 21.1 • LPanama 21.4 • LNamibia 21.6 • LKuwait 21.7 • LLesotho 21.8 • LBolivia 21.9 • LMyanmar 22.8 • LMalawi 22.9 • LLao PDR 23.2 • LGeorgia 23.3 • LPhilippines 23.6 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 23.9 • D


Rwanda 24.6 • LMalaysia 25.1 • DBelize 25.8 • DTrinidad and Tobago 26.0 • LSuriname 26.2 • LZambia 26.3 • LUnited Arab Emirates 26.7 • LQatar 27.4 • DKyrgyz Republic 27.6 • 5Fiji 27.8 • DLibya 28.3 • LMadagascar 28.3 • LJapan 28.8 • pNepal 29.3 • LCongo 31.9 • 5Vanuatu 33.6 • DPakistan 33.7 • LMontenegro 34.6 • pTanzania 34.8 • LMaldives 35.0 • LSolomon Islands 35.6 • 5Ethiopia 36.6 • LTajikistan 37.2 • 5Cameroon 39.3 • DYemen, Rep. 39.3 • LGuyana 40.2 • 5Papua New Guinea 40.2 • 5Burundi 40.7 • LGabon 41.9 • 5São Tomé and Principe 42.8 • DHaiti 43.4 • DTonga 44.7 • 5Oman 45.3 • DTimor-Leste 45.4 • D

Uganda 45.4 • DSaudi Arabia 47.2 • 5Ghana 47.8 • DCentral African Republic 48.5 • 5Kiribati 48.8 • 5Afghanistan 49.0 • 5Somalia 50.3 • DDjibouti 51.8 • DNigeria 52.3 • DBurkina Faso 52.5 • DSenegal 53.0 • LNiger 53.9 • 5


Côte d'Ivoire 54.1 • 5Comoros 54.3 • 5Guinea-Bissau 56.3 • 5Mozambique 56.8 • 5Liberia 59.7 • DTogo 60.1 • 5Sierra Leone 60.6 • DSamoa 60.7 • 5Benin 61.9 • 5Sudan 64.1 • 5Mali 64.4 • DMauritania 64.8 • 5Equatorial Guinea 65.1 • 5Gambia 68.7 • 5Eritrea 69.1 • 5Angola 71.0 • 5Guinea 75.7 • 5Chad 77.3 • 5South Sudan 82.4 • 5Andorra NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cyprus NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

China 4.3 • 5France 4.8 • 5Malta 5.6 • 5United Kingdom 6.6 • 5Korea, Rep. 6.7 • 5Costa Rica 6.8 • 5Thailand 6.8 • 5Nicaragua 7.2 • 5Norway 7.3 • 5Ecuador 7.6 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 7.7 • 5Vietnam 7.7 • 5Turkey 7.8 • 5Brazil 8.1 • 5Belgium 8.3 • 5Uruguay 8.6 • 5United States 8.7 • 5Canada 8.8 • 5Paraguay 8.8 • 5Czech Republic 9.3 • 5Portugal 9.3 • 5Sri Lanka 9.3 • 5Switzerland 9.3 • 5Colombia 9.6 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 9.6 • 5Finland 9.8 • 5Slovenia 10.0 • 5Hungary 10.3 • 5Netherlands 10.4 • 5Cuba 10.5 • 5Peru 10.9 • 5Uzbekistan 10.9 • 5Israel 11.0 • 5Slovak Republic 11.2 • 5Argentina 11.3 • 5New Zealand 11.8 • 5Greece 12.0 • 5Germany 12.2 • 5Poland 12.2 • 5Sweden 12.2 • 5Romania 12.4 • 5Tunisia 12.5 • 5Mexico 12.6 • 5Belarus 12.7 • 5Jamaica 12.7 • 5Morocco 12.7 • 5Honduras 12.8 • 5Ukraine 12.8 • 5Denmark 12.9 • 5

Russian Federation 12.9 • 5Venezuela, RB 12.9 • 5Dominican Republic 13.2 • 5Zimbabwe 13.2 • 5Austria 13.5 • 5Italy 13.6 • 5Algeria 13.8 • 5El Salvador 13.9 • 5Mauritius 13.9 • 5Australia 14.0 • 5Croatia 14.1 • 5Singapore 14.1 • 5Ireland 14.2 • 5South Africa 14.6 • 5Spain 14.7 • 5Bahamas, The 14.8 • 5Bahrain 15.1 • 5Latvia 15.1 • 5Bangladesh 15.4 • 5Estonia 15.4 • 5Moldova 15.5 • 5Bhutan 15.6 • 5


Jordan 16.0 • 5Grenada 16.1 • 5Indonesia 16.4 • 5Bulgaria 16.5 • 5Egypt 16.5 • 5Chile 16.6 • 5Lebanon 17.0 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 17.2 • 5Lithuania 17.2 • 5Serbia 17.2 • 5Cambodia 17.4 • LArmenia 17.6 • 5Albania 17.9 • 5India 18.4 • LCabo Verde 18.6 • LeSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 18.7 • LKenya 18.9 • LMongolia 19.0 • LGuatemala 19.2 • LIraq 19.2 • LBotswana 19.4 • LAzerbaijan 19.7 • LBarbados 20.0 • LSyrian Arab Republic 20.1 • LKazakhstan 20.3 • L




The number of years of schooling that a female child of school entrance age can expect to receive divided by the number of years of schooling a male child can expect to receive, assuming that prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout their life. The ratio was calculated as: mean years of schooling (female) / mean years of schooling (male).Source: UN Women (2015) Year of reference: 2011–2015

Ratio of female to male mean years of schooling of population age 25 and above

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 90.8 • ••Jordan 90.7 • ••Oman 90.6 • ••Serbia 90.4 • ••Sri Lanka 90.4 • ••Saudi Arabia 90.0 • ••El Salvador 89.9 • ••Bangladesh 89.3 • ••Montenegro 89.2 • ••Korea, Rep. 89.1 • ••Zimbabwe 89.0 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 88.9 • ••Peru 88.4 • ••Tanzania 87.1 • ••Indonesia 87.1 • ••Zambia 86.5 • ••Bolivia 86.4 • ••Tunisia 85.9 • ••Azerbaijan 85.8 • ••Tajikistan 85.7 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 82.1 • ••Congo 82.1 • ••Kenya 81.4 • ••Gabon 81.1 • ••Egypt 81.0 • ••Lao PDR 80.4 • ••Turkey 79.5 • ••São Tomé and Principe 78.3 • ••Algeria 77.6 • ••Malawi 76.0 • ••South Sudan 75.5 • ••Rwanda 75.0 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 73.6 • ••Ghana 73.4 • ••Sudan 73.2 • ••Burundi 72.2 • ••Papua New Guinea 69.8 • ••Iraq 69.2 • ••Nigeria 69.0 • ••Timor-Leste 67.9 • ••Cambodia 67.3 • ••Uganda 66.2 • ••Comoros 66.1 • ••Benin 65.1 • ••Nepal 64.0 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 63.9 • ••Cameroon 62.2 • ••Gambia 61.9 • ••

Sierra Leone 61.9 • ••Mauritania 61.1 • ••Morocco 59.4 • ••Haiti 59.1 • ••India 58.5 • ••Senegal 58.3 • ••Pakistan 56.9 • ••Mali 56.7 • ••Equatorial Guinea 54.8 • ••Mozambique 54.3 • ••Togo 50.8 • ••Bhutan 50.0 • ••Burkina Faso 50.0 • ••Liberia 50.0 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 49.4 • ••Central African Republic 49.1 • ••Niger 47.8 • ••Yemen, Rep. 45.2 • ••Ethiopia 43.2 • ••Guinea 38.5 • ••Chad 35.3 • ••Afghanistan 27.6 • ••Angola NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Lesotho 132.1 • ••United Arab Emirates 121.8 • ••Qatar 114.7 • ••Libya 110.0 • ••Madagascar 109.8 • ••Bahamas, The 109.5 • ••Panama 108.4 • ••Brazil 108.0 • ••Venezuela, RB 107.8 • ••Kuwait 107.2 • ••Fiji 106.9 • ••Estonia 106.6 • ••Nicaragua 106.3 • ••Namibia 106.2 • ••Uruguay 106.0 • ••Dominican Republic 105.3 • ••Mongolia 105.3 • ••Ireland 105.0 • ••Finland 103.6 • ••Latvia 103.4 • ••Philippines 103.3 • ••Canada 103.1 • ••Australia 103.1 • ••Barbados 102.9 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 101.9 • ••Moldova 101.7 • ••Honduras 101.6 • ••Sweden 101.6 • ••Japan 101.6 • ••Colombia 101.3 • ••St. Lucia 101.1 • ••Jamaica 101.0 • ••Belize 101.0 • ••Georgia 100.8 • ••New Zealand 100.8 • ••Israel 100.8 • ••Norway 100.8 • ••Armenia 100.0 • ••Bahrain 100.0 • ••Costa Rica 100.0 • ••Guatemala 100.0 • ••Guyana 100.0 • ••Kazakhstan 100.0 • ••Lithuania 100.0 • ••Myanmar 100.0 • ••Portugal 100.0 • ••Ukraine 100.0 • ••United States 100.0 • ••Hungary 99.2 • ••

Russian Federation 99.2 • ••Poland 99.2 • ••Tonga 99.1 • ••Andorra 99.0 • ••Brunei Darussalam 98.9 • ••Paraguay 98.8 • ••Switzerland 98.5 • ••United Kingdom 98.5 • ••Maldives 98.4 • ••Belarus 98.3 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 98.2 • ••Chile 98.0 • ••Denmark 97.7 • ••Ecuador 97.6 • ••Slovak Republic 97.6 • ••Slovenia 97.5 • ••Cyprus 97.5 • ••France 97.5 • ••South Africa 97.1 • ••Argentina 97.0 • ••Albania 96.9 • ••Botswana 96.8 • ••Iceland 96.8 • ••Belgium 96.6 • ••Croatia 96.6 • ••Suriname 96.5 • ••Bulgaria 96.4 • ••Marshall Islands 96.4 • ••Czech Republic 96.0 • ••Spain 96.0 • ••Uzbekistan 95.9 • ••Cuba 95.8 • ••Italy 95.5 • ••Lebanon 95.4 • ••Greece 95.4 • ••Mexico 95.3 • ••Vietnam 95.1 • ••Netherlands 95.1 • ••Germany 94.9 • ••Luxembourg 94.3 • ••Malta 94.0 • ••Thailand 93.9 • ••Romania 93.6 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 93.4 • ••Mauritius 92.6 • ••Malaysia 92.6 • ••Singapore 91.7 • ••Austria 91.5 • ••China 91.1 • ••




The proportion of the female population aged 15 years and older that is economically active, divided by the same proportion for men. The ratio was calculated as: labour force particpation rate (female) / labour force participation (male).Source: ILO (2018) Year of reference: 2017

Ratio of female to male labour force participation rate

Mali 73.6 • LGeorgia 73.4 • 5


Armenia 72.9 • LAlbania 72.8 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 72.7 • LDjibouti 72.2 • LGabon 72.2 • LComoros 71.6 • LJapan 71.6 • LKorea, Rep. 71.4 • LColombia 71.2 • LBrazil 71.2 • 5Romania 69.9 • 5Cabo Verde 69.3 • LTrinidad and Tobago 69.2 • pUzbekistan 69.1 • pBolivia 69.1 • pDominican Republic 68.4 • LTurkmenistan 68.2 • pEcuador 68.2 • LChile 68.0 • LItaly 67.8 • LParaguay 67.4 • LPhilippines 66.0 • LMalaysia 65.7 • LBelize 65.5 • DSenegal 65.2 • LPanama 65.0 • LVenezuela, RB 64.9 • 5Argentina 64.6 • DMyanmar 64.2 • pSuriname 64.0 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 63.6 • pMalta 63.5 • LeSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 63.5 • D


62.8 • 5

Mauritius 62.1 • LTajikistan 62.0 • pIndonesia 62.0 • 5Cuba 61.6 • 5Qatar 61.4 • LCosta Rica 61.3 • DSamoa 61.1 • 5Tonga 60.9 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 60.0 • pNicaragua 59.9 • D

El Salvador 59.6 • 5Honduras 59.3 • LKuwait 56.4 • pMexico 55.9 • 5São Tomé and Principe 54.8 • 5Guyana 54.6 • DFiji 54.1 • 5Maldives 52.2 • pBahrain 50.6 • 5Guatemala 47.8 • pTimor-Leste 47.6 • 5Sri Lanka 47.3 • 5Mauritania 45.8 • 5Turkey 45.0 • DUnited Arab Emirates 44.5 • pBangladesh 41.4 • DOman 34.6 • pIndia 34.5 • pTunisia 34.4 • pSudan 33.8 • 5Morocco 33.7 • pLibya 32.7 • pLebanon 32.6 • pPakistan 30.1 • 5Egypt 30.1 • pSaudi Arabia 28.0 • 5Iraq 25.3 • 5Somalia 25.1 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 23.6 • 5Algeria 22.6 • 5Afghanistan 22.5 • 5Jordan 21.9 • pSyrian Arab Republic 16.9 • pYemen, Rep. 8.6 • pAndorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Mozambique 110.6 • 5Burundi 103.6 • 5Rwanda 99.7 • 5Papua New Guinea 97.4 • 5Sierra Leone 97.3 • 5


Lao PDR 96.4 • 5Nepal 96.4 • 5Guinea 96.3 • 5South Sudan 95.8 • 5Togo 95.6 • 5Ghana 94.4 • 5Angola 94.0 • 5Liberia 94.0 • 5Benin 93.9 • 5Congo 93.7 • 5Madagascar 93.5 • 5Cambodia 91.3 • 5Kenya 91.2 • 5Tanzania 90.9 • 5Azerbaijan 90.5 • 5Sweden 90.2 • 5Equatorial Guinea 90.1 • 5Norway 90.0 • 5Namibia 89.7 • 5Iceland 89.1 • 5Barbados 88.9 • 5Uganda 88.9 • 5Finland 88.6 • 5Malawi 88.4 • 5Zimbabwe 88.1 • 5Denmark 88.1 • 5Zambia 88.0 • 5Ethiopia 87.9 • 5Haiti 87.9 • 5Vietnam 87.7 • 5Cameroon 87.7 • 5Canada 86.9 • 5Eritrea 86.3 • 5Moldova 86.1 • 5Cyprus 86.0 • 5Israel 85.8 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 85.6 • 5Bahamas, The 85.3 • 5New Zealand 85.3 • 5Slovenia 85.0 • 5Switzerland 84.8 • 5Kazakhstan 84.6 • 5

Lithuania 84.5 • 5Nigeria 84.3 • 5France 84.1 • 5Guinea-Bissau 84.0 • 5Australia 84.0 • 5Netherlands 83.8 • 5Botswana 83.7 • 5Portugal 83.6 • 5Chad 83.5 • 5United Kingdom 83.4 • 5Austria 83.2 • 5Germany 83.2 • 5Belarus 82.7 • 5Luxembourg 82.3 • 5Latvia 82.1 • 5Spain 81.8 • 5Peru 81.7 • 5United States 81.6 • 5Belgium 81.4 • 5China 80.8 • 5St. Lucia 80.5 • 5Estonia 80.2 • 5Bulgaria 80.2 • 5Lesotho 79.7 • 5Mongolia 79.6 • 5Central African Republic 79.2 • 5Brunei Darussalam 79.0 • 5Russian Federation 78.9 • 5Croatia 78.8 • 5Singapore 78.8 • 5Ireland 78.8 • 5Thailand 78.3 • 5Bhutan 78.1 • 5Solomon Islands 77.8 • 5Slovak Republic 77.5 • 5Burkina Faso 77.4 • 5Vanuatu 77.3 • 5South Africa 77.2 • 5Montenegro 76.6 • 5Czech Republic 76.1 • 5Gambia 75.6 • 5Uruguay 75.4 • 5Greece 75.1 • LPoland 74.9 • 5Hungary 74.6 • 5Ukraine 74.5 • 5Niger 74.4 • 5Serbia 74.4 • 5Jamaica 74.0 • 5




The number of seats held by women in single or lower chambers of national parliaments, expressed as a percentage of all occupied seats. Seats refer to the number of parliamentary mandates, or the number of members of parliament.Source: IPU (2018) Year of reference: 2017

Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)

Slovak Republic 20.0 • DSaudi Arabia 19.9 • LIndonesia 19.8 • pUnited States 19.4 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 19.2 • pMadagascar 19.2 • DTajikistan 19.0 • 5Colombia 18.7 • DCroatia 18.5 • pGreece 18.3 • 5Panama 18.3 • LSão Tomé and Principe 18.2 • 5Armenia 18.1 • 5Zambia 18.0 • DCyprus 17.9 • DTogo 17.6 • DJamaica 17.5 • DGabon 17.1 • pMongolia 17.1 • LKorea, Rep. 17.0 • 5Niger 17.0 • 5Azerbaijan 16.8 • 5Barbados 16.7 • DMalawi 16.7 • pSt. Lucia 16.7 • DKorea, Dem. Rep. 16.3 • 5Fiji 16.0 • ••Georgia 16.0 • DLatvia 16.0 • pLibya 16.0 • DUzbekistan 16.0 • pChile 15.8 • 5Russian Federation 15.8 • pJordan 15.4 • DEgypt 14.9 • 5Turkey 14.6 • DParaguay 13.8 • 5Guinea-Bissau 13.7 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 13.3 • DSyrian Arab Republic 13.2 • 5


Bahamas, The 12.8 • 5Chad 12.8 • DGhana 12.7 • 5Guatemala 12.7 • 5Palau 12.5 • 5Sierra Leone 12.4 • pLiberia 12.3 • p

Ukraine 12.3 • 5Liechtenstein 12.0 • pMalta 11.9 • 5India 11.8 • 5Mauritius 11.6 • pCongo 11.3 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 11.1 • 5Burkina Faso 11.0 • pDjibouti 10.8 • pBrazil 10.7 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 10.6 • 5Nauru 10.5 • 5Malaysia 10.4 • 5Gambia 10.3 • 5Myanmar 10.2 • DHungary 10.1 • 5Samoa 10.0 • 5Botswana 9.5 • 5Belize 9.4 • 5Japan 9.3 • pBrunei Darussalam 9.1 • ••Marshall Islands 9.1 • D


Mali 8.8 • pCentral African Republic 8.6 • pBhutan 8.5 • 5Bahrain 7.5 • 5Benin 7.2 • pTuvalu 6.7 • DKiribati 6.5 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 6.2 • pComoros 6.1 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 5.9 • 5Maldives 5.9 • pSri Lanka 5.8 • 5Nigeria 5.6 • pThailand 4.8 • pTonga 3.8 • 5Kuwait 3.1 • pLebanon 3.1 • 5Haiti 2.5 • pSolomon Islands 2.0 • 5Oman 1.2 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0 • 5Papua New Guinea 0.0 • 5Qatar 0.0 • 5Vanuatu 0.0 • pYemen, Rep. 0.0 • p

Rwanda 61.3 • 5Bolivia 53.1 • LCuba 48.9 • 5Iceland 47.6 • 5Nicaragua 45.7 • LSweden 43.6 • 5Mexico 42.6 • LFinland 42.0 • 5South Africa 42.0 • 5Senegal 41.8 • LNamibia 41.3 • LMozambique 39.6 • LNorway 39.6 • 5Spain 39.1 • LFrance 39.0 • LArgentina 38.9 • pEthiopia 38.8 • LAngola 38.2 • pBelgium 38.0 • 5Ecuador 38.0 • LDenmark 37.4 • pGermany 37.0 • LSlovenia 36.7 • LBurundi 36.4 • LTanzania 36.4 • DNetherlands 36.0 • pCosta Rica 35.1 • pPortugal 34.8 • LBelarus 34.5 • LSerbia 34.4 • LUganda 34.3 • D


34.2 • 5

New Zealand 34.2 • pGrenada 33.3 • LZimbabwe 32.6 • LSwitzerland 32.5 • DTimor-Leste 32.3 • LAndorra 32.1 • pEl Salvador 32.1 • LUnited Kingdom 32.0 • LGuyana 31.9 • 5Tunisia 31.3 • DCameroon 31.1 • LItaly 31.0 • LTrinidad and Tobago 31.0 • DAustria 30.6 • DSudan 30.5 • LNepal 29.6 • p

Philippines 29.5 • LAustralia 28.7 • DSouth Sudan 28.5 • DLuxembourg 28.3 • LPoland 28.0 • LAlbania 27.9 • DAfghanistan 27.7 • 5Peru 27.7 • 5Israel 27.5 • LLao PDR 27.5 • DKazakhstan 27.1 • LDominican Republic 26.8 • LEstonia 26.7 • 5San Marino 26.7 • 5Vietnam 26.7 • 5Canada 26.3 • DAlgeria 25.8 • LHonduras 25.8 • LTurkmenistan 25.8 • LSuriname 25.5 • LIraq 25.3 • 5Mauritania 25.2 • DDominica 25.0 • LSomalia 24.4 • DChina 24.2 • 5Equatorial Guinea 24.0 • LBulgaria 23.8 • pCabo Verde 23.6 • DMontenegro 23.5 • LSingapore 23.0 • 5Lesotho 22.9 • 5Moldova 22.8 • 5United Arab Emirates 22.5 • 5Ireland 22.2 • LVenezuela, RB 22.2 • pEritrea 22.0 • 5Guinea 21.9 • ••Kenya 21.8 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 21.4 • DLithuania 21.3 • 5Seychelles 21.2 • pMonaco 20.8 • pRomania 20.7 • 5Pakistan 20.6 • pMorocco 20.5 • LBangladesh 20.3 • 5Cambodia 20.3 • pUruguay 20.2 • 5Czech Republic 20.0 • p




The difference between male and female median wages of full-time employees and those self-employed, divided by the male median wage.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Gender wage gap (% male median wage)(OECD Member States)

Luxembourg 3.4 • ••Greece 4.5 • LBelgium 4.7 • 5Slovenia 5.0 • ••Italy 5.6 • ••Denmark 5.8 • LTurkey 6.9 • ••Norway 7.1 • LNew Zealand 7.8 • pHungary 9.4 • pFrance 9.9 • ••Iceland 9.9 • LPoland 11.1 • ••Spain 11.5 • ••Sweden 13.4 • ••Slovak Republic 13.9 • 5Netherlands 14.1 • ••Portugal 14.3 • p

Australia 14.3 • pIreland 14.4 • pGermany 15.5 • 5Czech Republic 16.3 • pMexico 16.5 • pUnited Kingdom 16.8 • DSwitzerland 16.9 • ••Austria 17.0 • DFinland 18.1 • 5United States 18.1 • 5Canada 18.2 • 5Israel 19.3 • 5Chile 21.1 • pLatvia 21.1 • ••Japan 25.7 • DEstonia 28.3 • ••Korea, Rep. 36.7 • 5




The percentage of the population using a safely managed drinking water service. A safely managed drinking water service is one where people use an “improved” source meeting three criteria: it is accessible on premises, water is available when needed, and the water supplied is free from contamination. Improved sources are those that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction.Source: JMP (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Population using safely managed water services (%)(High-income and OECD countries)

Kuwait 100.0 • 5Liechtenstein 100.0 • 5Monaco 100.0 • 5New Zealand 100.0 • LSan Marino 100.0 • 5Singapore 100.0 • 5Netherlands 100.0 • 5Malta 99.9 • 5Cyprus 99.6 • 5Israel 99.4 • 5Germany 99.2 • 5United States 99.0 • 5Greece 98.9 • 5Ireland 98.9 • 5Bahrain 98.7 • 5Austria 98.7 • 5Belgium 98.4 • 5Iceland 98.3 • 5Luxembourg 98.2 • 5Spain 98.2 • 5Chile 98.2 • 5Slovenia 98.0 • L

Korea, Rep. 98.0 • 5Sweden 98.0 • 5Czech Republic 97.6 • 5Japan 97.2 • 5Finland 96.9 • 5Denmark 96.7 • 5United Kingdom 95.7 • 5Switzerland 95.5 • LPortugal 95.1 • LNorway 95.0 • 5Poland 93.9 • pItaly 93.7 • LSlovak Republic 93.4 • pFrance 93.3 • 5Lithuania 91.7 • LCroatia 90.5 • pOman 88.5 • LLatvia 81.9 • 5Estonia 81.7 • pHungary 81.5 • LMexico 42.6 • 5




The percentage of the population using at least a basic service; that is, drinking water from an improved source, provided collection time is not more than 30 minutes for a round trip, including queuing. Source: JMP (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Population using at least basic drinking water services (%)(excludes high-income and OECD countries)

Malawi 67.2 • DBenin 67.0 • 5Zimbabwe 66.6 • pCameroon 65.3 • 5Kiribati 64.4 • 5Haiti 64.2 • 5Solomon Islands 64.0 • pAfghanistan 63.0 • LTogo 62.8 • DZambia 61.2 • 5Sudan 58.9 • DKenya 58.5 • 5Sierra Leone 58.1 • DRwanda 56.7 • 5Burundi 55.9 • 5Central African Republic 54.1 • 5Burkina Faso 53.9 • 5Madagascar 50.6 • 5South Sudan 50.4 • ••Tanzania 50.1 • 5Equatorial Guinea 49.6 • 5Mozambique 47.3 • DNiger 45.8 • 5Chad 42.5 • 5


Angola 41.0 • 5Somalia 40.0 • 5Papua New Guinea 36.6 • pEritrea 19.3 • 5

Tonga 99.9 • 5Mauritius 99.9 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 99.6 • 5Palau 99.6 • LTuvalu 99.3 • 5Paraguay 98.9 • LEgypt 98.4 • 5Thailand 98.2 • LSt. Lucia 98.2 • LMaldives 97.9 • pBrazil 97.5 • LVenezuela, RB 97.4 • LBelize 97.1 • LLibya 96.8 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 96.7 • DDominica 96.5 • DChina 95.8 • LGrenada 95.6 • 5Samoa 95.5 • LCuba 95.2 • D

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 95.1 • D

Guyana 95.1 • LPanama 95.0 • LSuriname 94.7 • LDominican Republic 94.5 • DFiji 93.7 • pAlgeria 93.5 • DEl Salvador 93.0 • LJamaica 92.9 • 5Bolivia 92.9 • LSri Lanka 92.3 • L

Honduras 92.2 • LVietnam 91.2 • LKazakhstan 91.1 • DVanuatu 90.5 • LPhilippines 90.5 • DIndonesia 89.5 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 88.4 • pIndia 87.6 • DGabon 87.5 • DCabo Verde 86.5 • DIraq 86.1 • DSouth Africa 84.7 • DComoros 83.7 • pMongolia 83.2 • LLao PDR 80.4 • LGambia 80.1 • 5São Tomé and Principe 79.7 • DBotswana 79.2 • 5Namibia 78.8 • 5Marshall Islands 78.2 • pDjibouti 76.9 • 5Senegal 75.2 • DMali 74.3 • LLesotho 71.6 • 5Yemen, Rep. 70.4 • LTimor-Leste 70.2 • DLiberia 69.9 • 5Mauritania 69.6 • DGuinea-Bissau 69.2 • DeSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 67.6 • DMyanmar 67.5 • DGuinea 67.4 • D




The percentage of the population using safely managed sanitation services. Safely managed sanitation services are “improved” sanitation facilities that are not shared with other households, and where the excreta produced should either be treated and disposed of in situ, stored temporarily and then emptied, transported and treated off-site, or transported through a sewer with wastewater and then treated off-site. Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact.Source: JMP (2018) Year of reference: 2015

Population using safely managed sanitation services (%)(High-income and OECD countries)

Andorra 100.0 • ••Kuwait 100.0 • ••Monaco 100.0 • ••Singapore 100.0 • ••Japan 99.8 • 5Liechtenstein 99.3 • ••Switzerland 99.0 • 5Korea, Rep. 98.5 • 5United Kingdom 97.6 • 5Netherlands 97.5 • 5Spain 97.5 • 5Belgium 97.1 • LAustria 96.8 • 5Germany 95.5 • 5Italy 95.4 • 5Luxembourg 93.7 • 5United Arab Emirates 93.4 • ••Israel 93.3 • LDenmark 93.2 • 5Malta 93.0 • ••Estonia 92.9 • 5Sweden 92.3 • 5France 92.1 • 5Finland 91.6 • 5United States 89.5 • D

Qatar 88.5 • ••Chile 85.5 • LSaudi Arabia 84.5 • ••Czech Republic 81.9 • pSlovak Republic 81.7 • pNorway 78.4 • 5Latvia 78.4 • DSan Marino 77.9 • ••Poland 77.1 • DCanada 76.8 • 5New Zealand 75.9 • 5Slovenia 75.7 • 5Hungary 75.6 • LCyprus 75.6 • ••Greece 75.2 • 5Australia 74.2 • DIreland 70.3 • LIceland 68.9 • 5Uruguay 63.6 • ••Portugal 61.7 • 5Lithuania 61.2 • ••Croatia 60.1 • ••Mexico 45.2 • DTurkey 44.3 • D




The percentage of the population using an at least basic sanitation service, that is, an improved sanitation facility that is not shared with other households. Source: JMP (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Population using at least basic sanitation services (%)(excludes high-income and OECD countries)

Kiribati 39.8 • 5Angola 39.4 • 5Afghanistan 39.2 • 5Cameroon 38.8 • pZimbabwe 38.6 • pSudan 34.6 • 5Comoros 34.2 • 5Namibia 33.8 • 5Nigeria 32.6 • pMali 31.3 • 5Solomon Islands 31.3 • 5Zambia 31.1 • 5Haiti 30.5 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 29.9 • 5Kenya 29.8 • pCentral African Republic 25.1 • 5Mozambique 23.6 • 5Tanzania 23.5 • 5Burkina Faso 22.5 • 5Guinea 22.0 • 5Guinea-Bissau 21.5 • 5


Uganda 19.2 • 5Papua New Guinea 18.6 • pLiberia 16.9 • 5Congo 15.0 • 5Sierra Leone 14.5 • 5Ghana 14.3 • 5Togo 13.9 • 5Benin 13.9 • 5Eritrea 11.3 • 5South Sudan 10.4 • ••Madagascar 9.7 • 5Chad 9.5 • pEthiopia 7.1 • 5

Uzbekistan 100.0 • 5Kazakhstan 97.8 • 5Costa Rica 97.1 • 5Samoa 96.6 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 96.6 • LTurkmenistan 96.6 • 5Ukraine 95.9 • 5Montenegro 95.9 • LMaldives 95.9 • LFiji 95.7 • LTajikistan 95.5 • LThailand 95.0 • LSri Lanka 94.2 • LTonga 93.5 • LMauritius 93.1 • DSyrian Arab Republic 92.9 • 5Armenia 91.6 • 5Paraguay 91.2 • LEl Salvador 91.1 • L


St. Lucia 90.9 • LAzerbaijan 89.3 • LRussian Federation 88.8 • DGrenada 88.3 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 88.3 • 5


Belize 87.2 • DMarshall Islands 86.9 • 5Guyana 86.2 • DJamaica 85.4 • 5Georgia 84.9 • pDominican Republic 82.7 • 5Honduras 79.8 • LSuriname 79.2 • p

Moldova 78.4 • 5Vietnam 78.2 • LDominica 77.9 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 77.1 • 5Panama 76.9 • DNicaragua 76.3 • DPhilippines 75.0 • 5Equatorial Guinea 74.5 • pSouth Africa 73.1 • DLao PDR 72.6 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 68.4 • ••Indonesia 67.9 • DGuatemala 67.4 • 5Cabo Verde 65.2 • DMyanmar 64.7 • pBhutan 62.9 • 5Rwanda 62.3 • DBotswana 60.0 • 5Yemen, Rep. 59.7 • DMongolia 59.2 • 5Pakistan 58.3 • DeSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 58.0 • 5Vanuatu 53.5 • 5Djibouti 51.4 • 5Burundi 50.5 • 5Cambodia 48.8 • DBangladesh 46.9 • DNepal 46.1 • DMauritania 44.6 • DIndia 44.2 • DTimor-Leste 44.0 • 5Lesotho 43.8 • DMalawi 43.5 • 5Gambia 41.7 • pGabon 40.9 • 5São Tomé and Principe 40.1 • 5



Indicator Value Rating


Total renewable freshwater withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins, divided by the total available renewable water resource. Withdrawals include both surface water withdrawal and groundwater withdrawal.Source: FAO (2018) Year of reference: 2014

Freshwater withdrawal as % total renewable water resources

Dominica 10.0 • ••Eritrea 10.1 • ••Finland 10.5 • ••Malawi 11.1 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 11.2 • ••Jamaica 11.3 • ••El Salvador 11.4 • ••Ethiopia 11.6 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 12.3 • ••Vietnam 12.8 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 13.2 • ••Moldova 13.2 • ••Ukraine 13.9 • ••Timor-Leste 14.3 • ••St. Lucia 14.3 • ••Kenya 14.3 • ••Haiti 15.6 • ••Maldives 15.7 • ••Mauritania 15.9 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 15.9 • ••Portugal 17.1 • ••Thailand 17.5 • ••Greece 19.7 • ••Denmark 20.7 • ••Netherlands 21.1 • ••Estonia 22.5 • ••United States 22.6 • ••France 22.8 • ••Czech Republic 24.0 • ••Mexico 24.1 • ••Zimbabwe 24.3 • ••Philippines 25.1 • ••Cuba 25.6 • ••Mauritius 26.4 • ••Turkey 27.5 • ••Kazakhstan 28.1 • ••Japan 28.5 • ••China 29.9 • ••Somalia 30.3 • ••Singapore 31.7 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 32.4 • ••Lebanon 33.3 • ••Sri Lanka 34.1 • ••Cyprus 37.6 • ••Poland 37.8 • ••Bulgaria 40.7 • ••Germany 41.5 • ••

South Africa 42.9 • ••Afghanistan 43.7 • ••Dominican Republic 43.7 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 44.0 • ••Malta 44.4 • ••India 44.5 • ••Italy 44.8 • ••Morocco 49.0 • ••Spain 49.7 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 51.3 • ••Azerbaijan 53.1 • ••Belgium 56.5 • ••Korea, Rep. 57.6 • ••Armenia 59.3 • ••Tajikistan 71.4 • ••Barbados 87.5 • ••Algeria 88.0 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 90.0 • ••Iraq 93.1 • ••Sudan 93.7 • ••Tunisia 94.0 • ••Pakistan 102.5 • ••Oman 106.2 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 109.4 • ••Israel 110.5 • ••Jordan 118.4 • ••Uzbekistan 138.8 • ••Egypt 159.9 • ••Turkmenistan 162.8 • ••Bahrain 205.8 • ••Yemen, Rep. 227.7 • ••Qatar 472.5 • ••Libya 1072.0 • ••Saudi Arabia 1242.6 • ••United Arab Emirates 2346.5 • ••Kuwait 2603.5 • ••Kiribati NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Montenegro NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Andorra 0.0 • ••Bahamas, The 0.0 • ••Solomon Islands 0.0 • ••Vanuatu 0.0 • ••Congo 0.0 • ••Central African Republic 0.1 • ••Liberia 0.1 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 0.1 • ••Papua New Guinea 0.1 • ••Equatorial Guinea 0.1 • ••Gabon 0.1 • ••Sierra Leone 0.2 • ••Guinea 0.3 • ••Fiji 0.5 • ••São Tomé and Principe 0.5 • ••Cameroon 0.5 • ••Bolivia 0.5 • ••Bhutan 0.6 • ••Cambodia 0.6 • ••Angola 0.7 • ••Belize 0.7 • ••Benin 0.7 • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.7 • ••Colombia 0.9 • ••Guyana 0.9 • ••Mozambique 0.9 • ••Namibia 0.9 • ••Paraguay 0.9 • ••Suriname 1.0 • ••Croatia 1.0 • ••Panama 1.1 • ••Latvia 1.1 • ••Norway 1.2 • ••Peru 1.2 • ••Comoros 1.2 • ••Brazil 1.3 • ••South Sudan 1.3 • ••Uganda 1.3 • ••Nicaragua 1.4 • ••Lao PDR 1.4 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.4 • ••Rwanda 1.4 • ••Gambia 1.5 • ••Togo 1.8 • ••Brunei Darussalam 1.9 • ••Slovak Republic 1.9 • ••Russian Federation 2.0 • ••Botswana 2.1 • ••

Lesotho 2.1 • ••Zambia 2.1 • ••Canada 2.2 • ••Ireland 2.4 • ••Mongolia 2.4 • ••Chad 2.4 • ••Luxembourg 2.5 • ••Honduras 2.5 • ••Venezuela, RB 2.6 • ••Iceland 2.6 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 2.7 • ••New Zealand 2.8 • ••Ghana 2.8 • ••Sweden 2.9 • ••Costa Rica 3.1 • ••Burundi 3.1 • ••Malaysia 3.4 • ••Uruguay 3.5 • ••Myanmar 3.7 • ••Ecuador 3.7 • ••Niger 3.8 • ••Guatemala 3.8 • ••Bangladesh 3.8 • ••Lithuania 4.0 • ••Serbia 4.3 • ••Belarus 4.5 • ••Georgia 4.6 • ••Romania 5.1 • ••Australia 5.3 • ••Chile 5.5 • ••Madagascar 5.8 • ••Mali 5.8 • ••Nigeria 5.8 • ••Nepal 5.9 • ••Slovenia 6.1 • ••Albania 6.5 • ••Argentina 6.6 • ••Grenada 7.1 • ••Senegal 7.2 • ••Switzerland 7.4 • ••Tanzania 7.5 • ••Austria 7.6 • ••Djibouti 7.9 • ••Hungary 8.2 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 8.5 • ••Cabo Verde 9.0 • ••Indonesia 9.2 • ••Burkina Faso 9.5 • ••United Kingdom 9.7 • ••




Imports of groundwater depletion embedded in international crop trade. Estimates are based on a combination of global, crop-specific estimates of non-renewable groundwater abstraction and international food trade data. This indicator was calculated by aggregating bilateral import data into an overall country score, and expressed per capita.Source: Dalin et al. (2017) Year of reference: 2010

Imported groundwater depletion (m3/year/capita)

Germany 6.7 • ••Turkmenistan 6.8 • ••Latvia 6.9 • ••Tunisia 7.0 • ••New Zealand 7.1 • ••Benin 7.1 • ••Burkina Faso 7.1 • ••Bulgaria 7.2 • ••Jamaica 7.3 • ••Armenia 7.4 • ••Algeria 7.5 • ••Austria 7.5 • ••Liberia 7.6 • ••Italy 7.8 • ••Sweden 8.0 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 8.0 • ••Greece 8.0 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 8.1 • ••Botswana 8.2 • ••St. Lucia 8.2 • ••Switzerland 8.4 • ••Belize 8.4 • ••El Salvador 8.5 • ••Mexico 8.6 • ••Panama 8.7 • ••Slovenia 9.1 • ••Iceland 9.4 • ••United Kingdom 9.4 • ••Mozambique 9.7 • ••Libya 9.7 • ••Denmark 9.9 • ••Costa Rica 10.0 • ••Netherlands 10.1 • ••Israel 10.2 • ••Madagascar 10.3 • ••Ireland 10.3 • ••Kiribati 10.3 • ••Korea, Rep. 10.8 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 11.1 • ••Sri Lanka 11.6 • ••Grenada 12.3 • ••Norway 13.0 • ••Malta 13.4 • ••Malaysia 13.5 • ••Kenya 13.7 • ••Singapore 14.3 • ••Cyprus 14.9 • ••Belgium 15.7 • ••Bhutan 15.7 • ••

Afghanistan 16.4 • ••Yemen, Rep. 16.5 • ••Jordan 16.6 • ••Lebanon 17.3 • ••Sierra Leone 17.5 • ••Guinea 18.0 • ••Bahamas, The 18.2 • ••Iraq 18.6 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 18.8 • ••Luxembourg 19.2 • ••Barbados 20.0 • ••Canada 20.0 • ••Guinea-Bissau 22.6 • ••Gambia 26.6 • ••Saudi Arabia 27.1 • ••Somalia 32.4 • ••United Arab Emirates 40.7 • ••Mauritius 42.4 • ••Kuwait 42.6 • ••Maldives 48.1 • ••Seychelles 63.7 • ••Djibouti 77.7 • ••Oman 97.7 • ••Bahrain 112.0 • ••Qatar 148.2 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Congo NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Chad 0.1 • ••Myanmar 0.1 • ••Lesotho 0.1 • ••India 0.2 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 0.2 • ••Cambodia 0.2 • ••Argentina 0.2 • ••Burundi 0.2 • ••Uzbekistan 0.2 • ••Malawi 0.3 • ••Zambia 0.3 • ••Lao PDR 0.3 • ••Central African Republic 0.4 • ••Bolivia 0.5 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 0.5 • ••Mali 0.5 • ••Brazil 0.5 • ••Tanzania 0.7 • ••Sudan 0.7 • ••Paraguay 0.8 • ••Uruguay 1.1 • ••Timor-Leste 1.2 • ••Eritrea 1.2 • ••Namibia 1.2 • ••Ethiopia 1.3 • ••Tajikistan 1.3 • ••Mongolia 1.4 • ••Pakistan 1.4 • ••Indonesia 1.5 • ••Serbia 1.6 • ••China 1.6 • ••Nigeria 1.6 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 1.7 • ••Ukraine 1.9 • ••Moldova 1.9 • ••Chile 2.0 • ••Equatorial Guinea 2.1 • ••Angola 2.1 • ••Colombia 2.2 • ••Ecuador 2.3 • ••Poland 2.3 • ••Rwanda 2.3 • ••Ghana 2.3 • ••Nepal 2.4 • ••Gabon 2.4 • ••Uganda 2.4 • ••Fiji 2.4 • ••Cuba 2.7 • ••

Egypt 2.8 • ••Kazakhstan 2.8 • ••Thailand 2.9 • ••Philippines 2.9 • ••Morocco 3.0 • ••Hungary 3.2 • ••Vietnam 3.2 • ••Peru 3.3 • ••South Africa 3.3 • ••Venezuela, RB 3.4 • ••Togo 3.9 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 4.0 • ••Russian Federation 4.0 • ••Belarus 4.0 • ••Bangladesh 4.1 • ••Australia 4.4 • ••Nicaragua 4.4 • ••Guyana 4.4 • ••Estonia 4.7 • ••Zimbabwe 4.8 • ••Niger 4.9 • ••Suriname 5.0 • ••Cameroon 5.1 • ••Brunei Darussalam 5.3 • ••Georgia 5.3 • ••Montenegro 5.3 • ••Finland 5.3 • ••Cabo Verde 5.5 • ••United States 5.5 • ••Mauritania 5.5 • ••Azerbaijan 5.5 • ••Romania 5.5 • ••Senegal 5.6 • ••Slovak Republic 5.6 • ••Croatia 5.6 • ••France 5.9 • ••Czech Republic 5.9 • ••Albania 6.0 • ••Haiti 6.1 • ••Spain 6.2 • ••Honduras 6.3 • ••Dominican Republic 6.4 • ••Lithuania 6.4 • ••Guatemala 6.4 • ••Turkey 6.5 • ••Samoa 6.6 • ••Portugal 6.7 • ••Japan 6.7 • ••




The percentage of the total population who has access to electricity.Source: SE4All (2018) Year of reference: 2014

Access to electricity (% population)

Mauritius 99.2 • 5Venezuela, RB 99.1 • 5


Paraguay 99.0 • LEcuador 99.0 • LIraq 98.8 • LTuvalu 98.5 • LDominican Republic 98.5 • LLibya 98.4 • 5St. Lucia 98.2 • LSamoa 97.9 • LColombia 97.8 • LPakistan 97.5 • LJamaica 97.1 • LIndonesia 97.0 • LAntigua and Barbuda 96.4 • LSyrian Arab Republic 95.8 • LTonga 95.3 • LEl Salvador 95.1 • LPeru 92.9 • LBelize 92.5 • LSri Lanka 92.2 • LMorocco 91.6 • LPanama 91.6 • LGrenada 90.8 • LCabo Verde 90.2 • LBolivia 90.0 • LMarshall Islands 90.0 • LAfghanistan 89.5 • LGabon 89.5 • LPhilippines 89.1 • LHonduras 88.7 • LGuyana 86.9 • LSouth Africa 86.0 • DMongolia 85.6 • LGuatemala 85.5 • DNepal 84.9 • LNicaragua 81.9 • DIndia 79.2 • LGhana 78.3 • LLao PDR 78.1 • LComoros 73.8 • LYemen, Rep. 72.0 • DMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 71.7 • LSão Tomé and Principe 68.6 • DEquatorial Guinea 67.6 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 65.0 • LBangladesh 62.4 • D

Côte d'Ivoire 61.9 • DSenegal 61.0 • DNigeria 57.7 • DCameroon 56.8 • 5Botswana 56.5 • DCambodia 56.1 • LMyanmar 52.0 • 5Namibia 49.6 • 5Kiribati 48.1 • pGambia 47.2 • 5Djibouti 46.7 • pEritrea 45.8 • 5Togo 45.7 • DTimor-Leste 45.4 • DSudan 44.9 • 5Congo 43.2 • 5Mauritania 38.8 • 5Haiti 37.9 • 5Kenya 36.0 • DSolomon Islands 35.1 • DVanuatu 34.5 • 5Benin 34.1 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 32.4 • 5Zimbabwe 32.3 • pAngola 32.0 • pZambia 27.9 • 5Lesotho 27.8 • DGuinea 27.6 • 5Mali 27.3 • 5Ethiopia 27.2 • 5Mozambique 21.2 • 5Uganda 20.4 • 5Papua New Guinea 20.3 • 5Rwanda 19.8 • DBurkina Faso 19.2 • 5Somalia 19.1 • 5Guinea-Bissau 17.2 • DMadagascar 16.8 • 5Tanzania 15.5 • 5Niger 14.3 • 5


Sierra Leone 13.1 • 5Central African Republic 12.3 • 5Malawi 11.9 • 5Liberia 9.1 • 5Chad 8.0 • 5Burundi 7.0 • 5South Sudan 4.5 • 5

Albania 100.0 • 5Algeria 100.0 • 5Andorra 100.0 • 5Argentina 100.0 • 5Armenia 100.0 • 5Australia 100.0 • 5Austria 100.0 • 5Azerbaijan 100.0 • 5Bahamas, The 100.0 • 5Bahrain 100.0 • 5Barbados 100.0 • 5Belarus 100.0 • 5Belgium 100.0 • 5Bhutan 100.0 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 100.0 • 5Brunei Darussalam 100.0 • 5Bulgaria 100.0 • 5Canada 100.0 • 5Chile 100.0 • 5China 100.0 • 5Croatia 100.0 • 5Cuba 100.0 • 5Cyprus 100.0 • 5Czech Republic 100.0 • 5Denmark 100.0 • 5Dominica 100.0 • LEstonia 100.0 • 5Fiji 100.0 • LFinland 100.0 • 5


100.0 • 5

France 100.0 • 5Georgia 100.0 • 5Germany 100.0 • 5Greece 100.0 • 5Hungary 100.0 • 5Iceland 100.0 • 5Ireland 100.0 • 5Israel 100.0 • 5Italy 100.0 • 5Japan 100.0 • 5Jordan 100.0 • 5Kazakhstan 100.0 • 5Korea, Rep. 100.0 • 5Kuwait 100.0 • 5Latvia 100.0 • 5Lebanon 100.0 • 5Liechtenstein 100.0 • 5Lithuania 100.0 • 5

Luxembourg 100.0 • 5Malaysia 100.0 • 5Maldives 100.0 • LMalta 100.0 • 5Moldova 100.0 • 5Monaco 100.0 • 5Montenegro 100.0 • 5Netherlands 100.0 • 5New Zealand 100.0 • 5Norway 100.0 • 5Oman 100.0 • 5Poland 100.0 • 5Portugal 100.0 • 5Qatar 100.0 • 5Romania 100.0 • 5Russian Federation 100.0 • 5San Marino 100.0 • 5Saudi Arabia 100.0 • 5Serbia 100.0 • 5Singapore 100.0 • 5Slovak Republic 100.0 • 5Slovenia 100.0 • 5Spain 100.0 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 100.0 • LSuriname 100.0 • 5Sweden 100.0 • 5Switzerland 100.0 • 5Thailand 100.0 • LTrinidad and Tobago 100.0 • 5Turkey 100.0 • 5Turkmenistan 100.0 • 5Ukraine 100.0 • 5United Arab Emirates 100.0 • 5United Kingdom 100.0 • 5United States 100.0 • 5Uzbekistan 100.0 • 5Tajikistan 100.0 • 5Palau 99.8 • 5Egypt 99.8 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 99.8 • 5Tunisia 99.8 • 5Uruguay 99.7 • 5Brazil 99.7 • 5Seychelles 99.5 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 99.4 • 5Costa Rica 99.4 • 5Nauru 99.2 • 5Vietnam 99.2 • LMexico 99.2 • 5




The percentage of total population primarily using clean cooking fuels and technologies for cooking. Under WHO guidelines, kerosene is excluded from clean cooking fuels.Source: SE4All (2018) Year of reference: 2014

Access to clean fuels & technology for cooking (% population)

Bulgaria 79.1 • LKyrgyz Republic 76.4 • LThailand 75.9 • LMontenegro 74.2 • DGabon 73.2 • LTajikistan 71.7 • DSerbia 71.2 • DCabo Verde 70.9 • LBhutan 68.0 • LPeru 67.6 • LAlbania 67.1 • LParaguay 63.8 • LTonga 63.5 • DBotswana 62.5 • DYemen, Rep. 62.1 • 5


Guyana 61.1 • DPalau 58.3 • 5China 57.2 • DIndonesia 56.6 • LGeorgia 55.0 • 5Vietnam 50.9 • DNicaragua 49.2 • DHonduras 48.1 • 5Angola 47.6 • DNamibia 45.9 • 5Philippines 44.8 • 5Pakistan 44.8 • DMauritania 44.7 • 5Marshall Islands 41.3 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 39.8 • pFiji 36.5 • 5Guatemala 36.1 • pSenegal 35.8 • peSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 35.3 • 5India 34.2 • 5Mongolia 31.9 • 5Lesotho 31.8 • 5Zimbabwe 31.3 • 5Papua New Guinea 31.3 • 5São Tomé and Principe 30.4 • 5Tuvalu 29.7 • 5Samoa 27.5 • 5Nepal 26.1 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 24.8 • 5Sudan 22.8 • 5Equatorial Guinea 21.5 • 5Ghana 20.8 • 5

Sri Lanka 19.3 • pCôte d'Ivoire 18.5 • pCongo 17.6 • 5Cameroon 17.6 • 5Afghanistan 17.3 • pZambia 16.1 • 5Vanuatu 16.1 • 5Eritrea 13.8 • 5Cambodia 13.4 • 5Djibouti 10.2 • 5Bangladesh 10.1 • pMyanmar 9.1 • 5Somalia 9.1 • 5Solomon Islands 8.9 • 5Haiti 8.6 • 5Comoros 7.0 • 5Burkina Faso 7.0 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 6.6 • 5Benin 6.6 • 5Togo 6.3 • 5Kenya 6.2 • 5


Guinea 5.6 • 5Lao PDR 4.6 • 5Mozambique 4.4 • 5Gambia 4.0 • 5Timor-Leste 3.6 • pChad 3.6 • 5Malawi 3.2 • 5Kiribati 3.2 • pSouth Sudan 3.1 • 5Niger 3.1 • 5Guinea-Bissau 3.0 • 5Nigeria 2.3 • pBurundi 2.1 • 5Central African Republic 2.0 • 5Liberia 2.0 • 5Ethiopia 2.0 • 5Madagascar 2.0 • 5Mali 2.0 • pRwanda 2.0 • 5Sierra Leone 2.0 • 5Tanzania 2.0 • 5Uganda 2.0 • 5Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Turkey NA • ••

Andorra 100.0 • 5Australia 100.0 • 5Austria 100.0 • 5Bahamas, The 100.0 • 5Bahrain 100.0 • 5Belgium 100.0 • 5Brunei Darussalam 100.0 • 5Canada 100.0 • 5Cyprus 100.0 • 5Denmark 100.0 • 5Finland 100.0 • 5France 100.0 • 5Germany 100.0 • 5Greece 100.0 • 5Hungary 100.0 • 5Iceland 100.0 • 5Ireland 100.0 • 5Israel 100.0 • 5Italy 100.0 • 5Japan 100.0 • 5Kuwait 100.0 • 5Lithuania 100.0 • 5Luxembourg 100.0 • 5Malta 100.0 • 5Monaco 100.0 • 5Netherlands 100.0 • 5New Zealand 100.0 • 5Norway 100.0 • 5Oman 100.0 • 5Poland 100.0 • 5Portugal 100.0 • 5San Marino 100.0 • 5Singapore 100.0 • 5Spain 100.0 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 100.0 • 5Sweden 100.0 • 5Switzerland 100.0 • 5United Kingdom 100.0 • 5United States 100.0 • 5Algeria 100.0 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 100.0 • 5Czech Republic 100.0 • 5Egypt 100.0 • 5Jordan 100.0 • 5Korea, Rep. 100.0 • 5Lebanon 100.0 • 5Malaysia 100.0 • 5Qatar 100.0 • 5Saudi Arabia 100.0 • 5

Slovak Republic 100.0 • 5


Syrian Arab Republic 100.0 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 100.0 • 5Tunisia 100.0 • 5Turkmenistan 100.0 • 5United Arab Emirates 100.0 • 5Belarus 100.0 • 5Russian Federation 100.0 • 5Barbados 100.0 • 5Armenia 100.0 • 5Grenada 100.0 • 5Seychelles 99.9 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 99.9 • 5St. Lucia 99.9 • 5Argentina 99.9 • 5Maldives 99.5 • LMorocco 99.4 • 5Mauritius 99.3 • 5Uruguay 99.2 • 5Slovenia 98.2 • 5Iraq 98.1 • 5Ecuador 98.1 • 5Ukraine 97.5 • 5Latvia 97.4 • 5Venezuela, RB 97.1 • 5Azerbaijan 96.9 • 5Chile 96.6 • 5Costa Rica 95.9 • 5Croatia 94.4 • 5Moldova 93.5 • 5Jamaica 93.3 • LBrazil 93.1 • 5Dominican Republic 91.9 • 5Dominica 91.9 • 5Kazakhstan 91.8 • 5Estonia 91.7 • 5Colombia 91.2 • 5Suriname 90.8 • 5Uzbekistan 90.3 • 5Cuba 87.2 • LBelize 87.2 • LMexico 86.2 • LPanama 85.6 • LEl Salvador 82.6 • LRomania 81.9 • LSouth Africa 81.8 • LBolivia 79.3 • L




A measure of the carbon intensity of energy production, calculated by dividing CO2 emissions from the combustion of fuel by electricity output. This indicator was calculated by dividing national data on ”Total CO2 emissions from fuel combustion for electricity and heat (MtCO2)” over ”Electricity output (TWh).”Source: IEA (2016) Year of reference: 2015

CO2 emissions from fuel combustion / electricity output (MtCO2/TWh)

Gabon 1.6 • pAustralia 1.6 • DIndia 1.6 • 5Nepal 1.6 • pCongo 1.6 • LChina 1.6 • LBelarus 1.7 • 5Saudi Arabia 1.7 • DKorea, Dem. Rep. 1.7 • LUzbekistan 1.8 • LJamaica 1.8 • LSenegal 1.8 • DPoland 1.8 • DSouth Africa 1.9 • pCambodia 1.9 • LTanzania 1.9 • pMorocco 2.0 • DIndonesia 2.0 • LAlgeria 2.0 • DIraq 2.0 • pQatar 2.0 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 2.1 • DOman 2.1 • DNigeria 2.2 • LAngola 2.2 • LYemen, Rep. 2.2 • 5Kazakhstan 2.2 • LBolivia 2.2 • pTrinidad and Tobago 2.4 • DNamibia 2.5 • pBotswana 2.5 • LLithuania 2.9 • pTurkmenistan 3.3 • DHaiti 3.3 • LMongolia 3.3 • pNiger 4.0 • pLuxembourg 11.6 • pBenin 17.0 • pTogo 23.7 • pAfghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Belize NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Burkina Faso NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••

Chad NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Gambia NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liberia NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Madagascar NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Mali NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritania NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Rwanda NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Sierra Leone NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uganda NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Paraguay 0.1 • 5Iceland 0.1 • 5Sweden 0.2 • 5Zambia 0.2 • 5Tajikistan 0.3 • 5Mozambique 0.3 • 5Norway 0.3 • 5


Uruguay 0.5 • 5France 0.5 • 5Switzerland 0.6 • 5Finland 0.6 • 5Armenia 0.6 • 5Costa Rica 0.6 • 5Albania 0.7 • 5New Zealand 0.7 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 0.8 • 5Georgia 0.8 • 5Brazil 0.8 • 5Montenegro 0.8 • 5Canada 0.8 • 5Cameroon 0.9 • 5Slovenia 0.9 • LSpain 0.9 • LSingapore 0.9 • 5Suriname 0.9 • 5Bulgaria 0.9 • LPortugal 1.0 • LEthiopia 1.0 • LIsrael 1.0 • LPeru 1.1 • 5Panama 1.1 • pHonduras 1.1 • LColombia 1.1 • pAustria 1.1 • LEl Salvador 1.1 • LRomania 1.1 • LBahrain 1.1 • pDenmark 1.1 • LChile 1.1 • LKorea, Rep. 1.1 • LVietnam 1.1 • LEgypt 1.2 • LNicaragua 1.2 • LCôte d'Ivoire 1.2 • 5Japan 1.2 • pSlovak Republic 1.2 • L


1.2 • D

Germany 1.2 • DVenezuela, RB 1.2 • LSudan 1.2 • LUnited States 1.2 • DUnited Kingdom 1.2 • LItaly 1.2 • LUkraine 1.2 • LZimbabwe 1.3 • pSerbia 1.3 • LGhana 1.3 • pBangladesh 1.3 • DTurkey 1.3 • LLibya 1.3 • DCzech Republic 1.3 • LLatvia 1.3 • LLebanon 1.3 • pGreece 1.3 • LMoldova 1.3 • pPhilippines 1.3 • pAzerbaijan 1.3 • DIreland 1.3 • LJordan 1.3 • 5Kuwait 1.3 • LMalta 1.3 • LDominican Republic 1.4 • LCyprus 1.4 • LMauritius 1.4 • 5Pakistan 1.4 • DTunisia 1.4 • LGuatemala 1.4 • pBelgium 1.4 • 5Croatia 1.4 • LArgentina 1.4 • 5Russian Federation 1.5 • DThailand 1.5 • DKenya 1.5 • 5Hungary 1.5 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 1.5 • 5Netherlands 1.5 • DMexico 1.5 • LEcuador 1.5 • pUnited Arab Emirates 1.5 • LBrunei Darussalam 1.5 • LSri Lanka 1.5 • pMalaysia 1.6 • LSyrian Arab Republic 1.6 • LCuba 1.6 • pEstonia 1.6 • DMyanmar 1.6 • pEritrea 1.6 • p




The share of renewable energy consumption in the total final energy consumption.Source: World Bank (2018) Year of reference: 2015

Share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption (%)(OECD Member States)

Iceland 77.0 • 5Norway 57.8 • 5Sweden 53.2 • 5Finland 43.2 • 5Latvia 38.1 • 5Austria 34.4 • 5Denmark 33.2 • LNew Zealand 30.8 • 5Estonia 27.5 • 5Portugal 27.2 • 5Switzerland 25.3 • 5Chile 24.9 • 5Canada 22.0 • 5Slovenia 20.9 • LGreece 17.2 • LItaly 16.5 • LSpain 16.3 • LHungary 15.6 • L

Czech Republic 14.8 • LGermany 14.2 • LFrance 13.5 • LSlovak Republic 13.4 • LTurkey 13.4 • pPoland 11.9 • LMexico 9.2 • pBelgium 9.2 • LAustralia 9.2 • DIreland 9.1 • LLuxembourg 9.0 • DUnited States 8.7 • DUnited Kingdom 8.7 • DJapan 6.3 • 5Netherlands 5.9 • 5Israel 3.7 • pKorea, Rep. 2.7 • 5




The growth rate of GDP adjusted to income levels (where rich countries are expected to grow less) and expressed relative to the US growth performance. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy, plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products.Source: World Bank (2018) Year of reference: 2016

Adjusted growth (%)

Trinidad and Tobago -2.5 • ••Tunisia -2.6 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. -2.6 • ••Pakistan -2.7 • ••Tanzania -2.7 • ••Morocco -2.7 • ••Serbia -2.7 • ••Barbados -2.8 • ••El Salvador -2.8 • ••Azerbaijan -2.9 • ••Albania -2.9 • ••Ecuador -2.9 • ••Egypt -2.9 • ••Guatemala -2.9 • ••Mexico -3.0 • ••Kenya -3.1 • ••Kuwait -3.1 • ••Cameroon -3.2 • ••Kyrgyz Republic -3.2 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) -3.2 • ••South Africa -3.4 • ••Greece -3.5 • ••Brunei Darussalam -3.5 • ••Honduras -3.5 • ••Belarus -3.5 • ••São Tomé and Principe -3.6 • ••Russian Federation -3.7 • ••Kiribati -3.7 • ••Nepal -3.7 • ••St. Lucia -3.7 • ••Norway -3.7 • ••Dominica -3.8 • ••Zambia -3.8 • ••Samoa -3.8 • ••Cyprus -3.9 • ••Mozambique -3.9 • ••Jamaica -4.0 • ••Tonga -4.0 • ••Argentina -4.1 • ••Zimbabwe -4.1 • ••Lesotho -4.1 • ••San Marino -4.1 • ••Nigeria -4.2 • ••Senegal -4.2 • ••Marshall Islands -4.2 • ••Guinea -4.2 • ••Belize -4.2 • ••Bahamas, The -4.3 • ••Mauritania -4.3 • ••

Cabo Verde -4.3 • ••Benin -4.4 • ••Angola -4.4 • ••Timor-Leste -4.4 • ••Burkina Faso -4.5 • ••Congo -4.5 • ••Brazil -4.6 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo -4.6 • ••Tuvalu -4.6 • ••Togo -4.7 • ••Suriname -4.7 • ••Afghanistan -4.9 • ••Niger -4.9 • ••Sierra Leone -5.1 • ••Solomon Islands -5.2 • ••Mali -5.3 • ••Haiti -5.5 • ••Uganda -5.6 • ••Ukraine -5.7 • ••Jordan -5.9 • ••Vanuatu -6.1 • ••Gambia -6.3 • ••Madagascar -6.4 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. -6.4 • ••Guinea-Bissau -6.5 • ••Lebanon -6.5 • ••Chad -6.6 • ••Malawi -6.6 • ••Comoros -6.8 • ••Liberia -7.2 • ••Equatorial Guinea -8.9 • ••Burundi -9.1 • ••Central African Republic -14.2 • ••Yemen, Rep. -14.8 • ••Andorra NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Oman NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Venezuela, RB NA • ••

Nauru 7.9 • ••Ireland 6.5 • ••Turkmenistan 3.3 • ••China 3.1 • ••Malta 2.0 • ••Iceland 1.8 • ••Panama 1.7 • ••United Arab Emirates 1.7 • ••Lithuania 1.4 • ••Lao PDR 1.2 • ••Uzbekistan 1.2 • ••Myanmar 1.2 • ••Mongolia 1.1 • ••Latvia 0.9 • ••Dominican Republic 0.9 • ••Singapore 0.9 • ••Turkey 0.8 • ••India 0.7 • ••Malaysia 0.7 • ••Georgia 0.6 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 0.6 • ••Iraq 0.6 • ••Seychelles 0.5 • ••Sri Lanka 0.5 • ••Romania 0.5 • ••Mauritius 0.3 • ••Israel 0.3 • ••Philippines 0.2 • ••Luxembourg 0.1 • ••Indonesia 0.0 • ••Czech Republic 0.0 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)

0.0 • ••United States 0.0 • ••Japan -0.1 • ••Estonia -0.1 • ••Switzerland -0.2 • ••Vietnam -0.2 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis -0.2 • ••New Zealand -0.3 • ••Ethiopia -0.3 • ••Palau -0.3 • ••Cambodia -0.3 • ••United Kingdom -0.3 • ••Thailand -0.4 • ••Grenada -0.4 • ••Antigua and Barbuda -0.4 • ••Bhutan -0.4 • ••Poland -0.5 • ••

Germany -0.5 • ••Korea, Rep. -0.5 • ••Bulgaria -0.5 • ••Austria -0.5 • ••Costa Rica -0.5 • ••Bangladesh -0.6 • ••Slovak Republic -0.6 • ••Uruguay -0.7 • ••Saudi Arabia -0.7 • ••Kazakhstan -0.7 • ••Montenegro -0.8 • ••Botswana -0.8 • ••Peru -0.8 • ••Paraguay -0.8 • ••Belgium -0.9 • ••Sweden -0.9 • ••Colombia -0.9 • ••Hungary -1.0 • ••Bolivia -1.0 • ••Guyana -1.1 • ••Maldives -1.1 • ••Spain -1.1 • ••Nicaragua -1.1 • ••Denmark -1.1 • ••Portugal -1.2 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina -1.2 • ••Slovenia -1.2 • ••Armenia -1.2 • ••Netherlands -1.2 • ••Australia -1.3 • ••Papua New Guinea -1.3 • ••France -1.4 • ••Sudan -1.5 • ••Tajikistan -1.5 • ••Namibia -1.6 • ••Moldova -1.7 • ••Canada -1.7 • ••Chile -1.7 • ••Croatia -1.8 • ••Fiji -1.8 • ••Qatar -1.8 • ••Finland -2.0 • ••Gabon -2.0 • ••Algeria -2.0 • ••Rwanda -2.2 • ••Ghana -2.2 • ••Italy -2.3 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

-2.4 • ••




Based on the Global Slavery Index (GSI), the score reflects a set of measures about the number of people in modern slavery, the steps governments are taking to respond to it, and the factors that make individuals vulnerable. It is calculated based on standardised surveys and Multiple Systems Estimation (MSE), and several indicators measuring vulnerability and government responses.Source: Walk Free Foundation (2017) Year of reference: 2016

Slavery score (0-100)

Burkina Faso 50 • ••Burundi 50 • ••Cameroon 50 • ••Chad 50 • ••Colombia 50 • ••Congo 50 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 50 • ••Djibouti 50 • ••Dominican Republic 50 • ••Egypt 50 • ••Eritrea 50 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 50 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 50 • ••Gambia 50 • ••Guatemala 50 • ••Guinea 50 • ••Guinea-Bissau 50 • ••Guyana 50 • ••Haiti 50 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 50 • ••Jordan 50 • ••Lebanon 50 • ••Lesotho 50 • ••Liberia 50 • ••Madagascar 50 • ••Malawi 50 • ••Mali 50 • ••Morocco 50 • ••Mozambique 50 • ••Myanmar 50 • ••Namibia 50 • ••Nepal 50 • ••Niger 50 • ••Papua New Guinea 50 • ••Peru 50 • ••Russian Federation 50 • ••Rwanda 50 • ••Senegal 50 • ••Sierra Leone 50 • ••Tajikistan 50 • ••Tanzania 50 • ••Thailand 50 • ••Togo 50 • ••Tunisia 50 • ••Turkey 50 • ••Uganda 50 • ••Venezuela, RB 50 • ••Zambia 50 • ••

Zimbabwe 50 • ••Afghanistan 0 • ••Cambodia 0 • ••Central African Republic 0 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 0 • ••India 0 • ••Iraq 0 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 0 • ••Libya 0 • ••Mauritania 0 • ••Pakistan 0 • ••Qatar 0 • ••Somalia 0 • ••South Sudan 0 • ••Sudan 0 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0 • ••Uzbekistan 0 • ••Yemen, Rep. 0 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Belize NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Malta NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines


Australia 100 • ••Austria 100 • ••Belgium 100 • ••Brazil 100 • ••Canada 100 • ••Chile 100 • ••Denmark 100 • ••Finland 100 • ••France 100 • ••Germany 100 • ••Iceland 100 • ••Ireland 100 • ••Israel 100 • ••Luxembourg 100 • ••Mauritius 100 • ••Netherlands 100 • ••New Zealand 100 • ••Norway 100 • ••Portugal 100 • ••Singapore 100 • ••Spain 100 • ••Sweden 100 • ••Switzerland 100 • ••United Kingdom 100 • ••United States 100 • ••Vietnam 100 • ••Albania 80 • ••Argentina 80 • ••Armenia 80 • ••Azerbaijan 80 • ••Bahrain 80 • ••Barbados 80 • ••Belarus 80 • ••Benin 80 • ••Bolivia 80 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 80 • ••Bulgaria 80 • ••Cabo Verde 80 • ••China 80 • ••Costa Rica 80 • ••Croatia 80 • ••Cuba 80 • ••Cyprus 80 • ••Czech Republic 80 • ••Ecuador 80 • ••El Salvador 80 • ••Equatorial Guinea 80 • ••Estonia 80 • ••Ethiopia 80 • ••

Gabon 80 • ••Georgia 80 • ••Ghana 80 • ••Greece 80 • ••Honduras 80 • ••Hungary 80 • ••Indonesia 80 • ••Italy 80 • ••Jamaica 80 • ••Japan 80 • ••Kazakhstan 80 • ••Kenya 80 • ••Korea, Rep. 80 • ••Kuwait 80 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 80 • ••Lao PDR 80 • ••Latvia 80 • ••Lithuania 80 • ••Malaysia 80 • ••Mexico 80 • ••Moldova 80 • ••Mongolia 80 • ••Montenegro 80 • ••Nicaragua 80 • ••Nigeria 80 • ••Oman 80 • ••Panama 80 • ••Paraguay 80 • ••Philippines 80 • ••Poland 80 • ••Romania 80 • ••Saudi Arabia 80 • ••Serbia 80 • ••Slovak Republic 80 • ••Slovenia 80 • ••South Africa 80 • ••Sri Lanka 80 • ••Suriname 80 • ••Timor-Leste 80 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 80 • ••Turkmenistan 80 • ••Ukraine 80 • ••United Arab Emirates 80 • ••Uruguay 80 • ••Algeria 50 • ••Angola 50 • ••Bangladesh 50 • ••Botswana 50 • ••Brunei Darussalam 50 • ••




The percentage of adults, 15 years and older, who report having an account (by themselves or with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution, or who have personally used a mobile money service within the past 12 months.Source: Demirguc-Kunt et al., 2018 Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Adults (15 years and older) with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (%)

Lebanon 44.8 • LGuatemala 44.1 • LMoldova 43.8 • pBurkina Faso 43.2 • 5Algeria 42.8 • LPeru 42.6 • DJordan 42.5 • pSenegal 42.3 • DMozambique 41.7 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 41.3 • ••Turkmenistan 40.6 • ••Albania 40.0 • LKyrgyz Republic 39.9 • LNigeria 39.7 • LSomalia 38.7 • ••Benin 38.5 • DUzbekistan 37.1 • LMexico 36.9 • LTunisia 36.9 • ••Liberia 35.7 • ••Mali 35.4 • LEthiopia 34.8 • ••Cameroon 34.6 • pPhilippines 34.5 • DMalawi 33.7 • 5Bhutan 33.7 • ••Egypt 32.8 • 5Haiti 32.6 • pNicaragua 30.9 • DVietnam 30.8 • LEl Salvador 30.4 • LAngola 29.3 • pLao PDR 29.1 • ••Morocco 28.6 • ••Azerbaijan 28.6 • LeSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 28.6 • ••Congo 26.1 • DMyanmar 26.0 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 25.8 • L

Guinea 23.5 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 23.3 • ••Iraq 22.7 • 5Chad 21.8 • 5Comoros 21.7 • ••Cambodia 21.7 • LPakistan 21.3 • 5Mauritania 20.9 • DSierra Leone 19.8 • 5

Madagascar 17.9 • 5Niger 15.5 • 5Sudan 15.3 • DAfghanistan 14.9 • 5Central African Republic 13.7 • ••Djibouti 12.3 • ••South Sudan 8.6 • ••Burundi 7.1 • pYemen, Rep. 6.4 • 5Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Gambia NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Denmark 99.9 • 5Finland 99.8 • 5Norway 99.7 • ••Sweden 99.7 • 5Canada 99.7 • 5Netherlands 99.6 • 5Australia 99.5 • 5New Zealand 99.2 • 5Germany 99.1 • 5Luxembourg 98.8 • 5Belgium 98.6 • 5Switzerland 98.4 • ••Japan 98.2 • 5Austria 98.2 • 5Estonia 98.0 • 5Singapore 97.9 • 5Slovenia 97.5 • 5Malta 97.4 • 5United Kingdom 96.4 • 5Ireland 95.3 • 5Korea, Rep. 94.9 • 5France 94.0 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 94.0 • LItaly 93.8 • LSpain 93.8 • 5Latvia 93.2 • 5United States 93.1 • 5Mongolia 93.0 • LIsrael 92.8 • 5Portugal 92.3 • 5Mauritius 89.8 • 5Cyprus 88.7 • 5United Arab Emirates 88.2 • LPoland 86.7 • LCroatia 86.1 • 5Greece 85.5 • LMalaysia 85.3 • LSlovak Republic 84.2 • pLithuania 82.9 • LBahrain 82.6 • LThailand 81.6 • LKenya 81.6 • LBelarus 81.2 • LCzech Republic 81.0 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 80.8 • ••Namibia 80.6 • ••China 80.2 • LIndia 79.9 • LKuwait 79.8 • p

Jamaica 78.5 • L


Russian Federation 75.8 • LHungary 74.9 • pChile 74.3 • LSri Lanka 73.6 • LOman 73.6 • ••Venezuela, RB 73.5 • LBulgaria 72.2 • LSaudi Arabia 71.7 • LSerbia 71.4 • LBrazil 70.0 • LSouth Africa 69.2 • LTurkey 68.6 • pMontenegro 68.4 • LCosta Rica 67.8 • LQatar 65.9 • ••Libya 65.7 • ••Uruguay 63.9 • LUkraine 62.9 • LGeorgia 61.2 • DUganda 59.2 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 58.8 • pKazakhstan 58.7 • LGabon 58.6 • LRomania 57.8 • LGhana 57.7 • LDominican Republic 56.2 • LZimbabwe 55.3 • pBolivia 54.4 • LEcuador 51.2 • LBotswana 51.0 • LBangladesh 50.0 • pRwanda 50.0 • LIndonesia 48.9 • LArgentina 48.7 • LParaguay 48.6 • ••Belize 48.2 • ••Armenia 47.8 • 5Tajikistan 47.0 • DTanzania 46.8 • LPanama 46.5 • LZambia 45.9 • LColombia 45.8 • LLesotho 45.6 • ••Nepal 45.4 • DHonduras 45.3 • LTogo 45.3 • D




The share of the labour force that is without work but is available and actively seeking employment. The indicator reflects the inability of an economy to generate employment for those persons who want to work but are not doing so.Source: ILO (2018) Year of reference: 2017

Unemployment rate (% total labour force)(Non OECD Member States only)

Afghanistan 8.8 • pColombia 9.0 • LMorocco 9.3 • pGambia 9.4 • pUkraine 9.5 • pBarbados 9.7 • pAlgeria 10.0 • pMauritania 10.2 • 5Tajikistan 10.3 • DCabo Verde 10.3 • 5Cyprus 10.8 • pCroatia 10.8 • pCongo 10.9 • LKenya 11.5 • 5South Sudan 11.5 • pGeorgia 11.5 • LGuyana 11.8 • pEgypt 12.1 • pJamaica 12.4 • pBahamas, The 12.6 • 5Sudan 12.8 • pBrazil 12.9 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 13.1 • LSão Tomé and Principe 13.4 • 5Yemen, Rep. 13.8 • LAlbania 13.9 • pHaiti 14.0 • pSerbia 14.1 • LJordan 14.9 • DSyrian Arab Republic 15.2 • 5Tunisia 15.2 • LOman 16.0 • DMontenegro 16.0 • DLibya 17.7 • pBotswana 18.1 • 5Armenia 18.2 • 5


Gabon 19.6 • 5St. Lucia 21.0 • p


Namibia 23.3 • DMozambique 25.0 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 25.6 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 26.4 • 5Lesotho 27.2 • DSouth Africa 27.7 • pAndorra NA • ••

Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Qatar 0.2 • 5Cambodia 0.2 • 5Niger 0.3 • 5Belarus 0.5 • 5Lao PDR 0.7 • 5Myanmar 0.8 • 5Thailand 1.1 • 5Tonga 1.2 • 5Rwanda 1.3 • 5Bahrain 1.3 • 5Burundi 1.6 • 5United Arab Emirates 1.7 • 5Madagascar 1.8 • 5Togo 1.8 • 5Singapore 2.0 • 5Solomon Islands 2.0 • 5Vietnam 2.1 • 5Kuwait 2.1 • 5Uganda 2.1 • 5Tanzania 2.2 • 5Ghana 2.4 • 5Liberia 2.4 • 5Bhutan 2.4 • 5Benin 2.5 • 5Cuba 2.6 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 2.6 • 5Papua New Guinea 2.7 • 5Guatemala 2.7 • 5Nepal 2.7 • 5Philippines 2.8 • 5Bolivia 3.1 • 5Turkmenistan 3.4 • 5Malaysia 3.4 • 5Timor-Leste 3.4 • 5India 3.5 • 5Peru 3.7 • 5


Pakistan 4.0 • 5

Sri Lanka 4.1 • 5

Cameroon 4.3 • 5Malta 4.3 • LIndonesia 4.3 • LComoros 4.3 • 5Bangladesh 4.4 • 5Nicaragua 4.4 • LMoldova 4.5 • LHonduras 4.5 • pSierra Leone 4.5 • 5

Guinea 4.5 • 5El Salvador 4.5 • 5China 4.7 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 4.8 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 4.8 • 5Senegal 4.8 • LEcuador 4.8 • 5Kazakhstan 4.9 • LMaldives 5.0 • pAzerbaijan 5.0 • LZimbabwe 5.2 • LRussian Federation 5.2 • LEthiopia 5.2 • LRomania 5.2 • LVanuatu 5.2 • LDominican Republic 5.5 • pPanama 5.6 • 5Saudi Arabia 5.7 • 5Paraguay 5.8 • pDjibouti 5.8 • LChad 5.9 • 5Central African Republic 6.0 • pSomalia 6.0 • pMalawi 6.0 • LGuinea-Bissau 6.1 • 5Bulgaria 6.3 • pLebanon 6.3 • pBurkina Faso 6.3 • pFiji 6.3 • LEritrea 6.4 • DEquatorial Guinea 6.9 • DMongolia 7.0 • 5Nigeria 7.0 • 5Brunei Darussalam 7.1 • pLithuania 7.1 • LMauritius 7.2 • 5Uzbekistan 7.2 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 7.3 • DBelize 7.6 • LZambia 7.8 • LMali 7.9 • LVenezuela, RB 8.1 • LSuriname 8.1 • pUruguay 8.1 • pAngola 8.2 • 5Iraq 8.2 • DSamoa 8.2 • pCosta Rica 8.5 • LArgentina 8.7 • 5





The ratio of the employed to the working age population. Employed people are those aged 15 or older who were in paid employment or self-employed during a specified period. The working age population refers to people aged 15 to 64.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2017

Employment-to-population ratio (%)(OECD Member States)

Iceland 86.1 • 5Switzerland 79.8 • 5New Zealand 76.9 • 5Sweden 76.9 • 5Netherlands 75.9 • 5Japan 75.3 • 5Germany 75.3 • 5Denmark 74.2 • 5Estonia 74.1 • 5United Kingdom 74.1 • 5Norway 74.0 • 5Czech Republic 73.6 • 5Canada 73.4 • 5Australia 73.0 • 5Austria 72.2 • 5United States 70.1 • 5Latvia 70.1 • 5Finland 70.0 • 5

Slovenia 69.3 • 5Israel 69.0 • 5Hungary 68.2 • LPortugal 67.8 • 5Ireland 67.7 • 5Korea, Rep. 66.6 • 5Luxembourg 66.3 • 5Slovak Republic 66.2 • LPoland 66.1 • LFrance 64.8 • 5Belgium 63.1 • 5Chile 62.7 • 5Mexico 61.1 • 5Spain 61.1 • pItaly 58.0 • pGreece 53.5 • pTurkey 51.6 • D

The percentage of young people who are not in employment, education or training (NEET). Education includes part-time or full-time education, but exclude those in non-formal education and in educational activities of very short duration. Employment is defined according to the ILO Guidelines and covers all those who have been in paid work for at least one hour in the reference week or were temporarily absent from such work.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (%)(OECD Member States)

Iceland 5.3 • 5Luxembourg 7.6 • 5Netherlands 7.8 • 5Denmark 8.2 • LSweden 8.2 • 5Switzerland 8.7 • pNorway 9.4 • 5Germany 9.6 • LJapan 9.8 • LAustria 10.9 • pNew Zealand 11.3 • LAustralia 11.4 • pSlovenia 11.6 • pCzech Republic 11.6 • DBelgium 13.0 • pCanada 13.2 • pUnited Kingdom 13.2 • LFinland 13.2 • p

Israel 13.8 • LUnited States 14.1 • DLatvia 14.4 • LEstonia 14.5 • DPoland 15.1 • pHungary 15.2 • DPortugal 15.6 • pSlovak Republic 15.9 • 5Ireland 16.2 • LFrance 17.2 • 5Chile 18.0 • LSpain 21.7 • pMexico 21.8 • DGreece 23.5 • pItaly 26.0 • pTurkey 28.2 • DKorea, Rep. NA • ••




The percentage of the total population who used the internet from any location in the last three months. Access could be via a fixed or mobile network.Source: ITU (2018) Year of reference: 2011–2016

Population using the internet (%)

San Marino 49.6 • ••Tunisia 49.6 • DGabon 48.1 • LThailand 47.5 • LUzbekistan 46.8 • LSt. Lucia 46.7 • DFiji 46.5 • LVietnam 46.5 • LTuvalu 46.0 • LPeru 45.5 • DSuriname 45.4 • DJamaica 45.0 • LBelize 44.6 • DAlgeria 42.9 • LBhutan 41.8 • LEgypt 41.2 • LTonga 40.0 • LBolivia 39.7 • LBotswana 39.4 • LCuba 38.8 • LGuyana 35.7 • DGhana 34.7 • LGuatemala 34.5 • DKyrgyz Republic 34.5 • DCambodia 32.4 • DSri Lanka 32.1 • LSyrian Arab Republic 31.9 • DNamibia 31.0 • DHonduras 30.0 • DMarshall Islands 29.8 • DIndia 29.5 • DSamoa 29.4 • DEl Salvador 29.0 • DeSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 28.6 • DSão Tomé and Principe 28.0 • DSudan 28.0 • DLesotho 27.4 • DCôte d'Ivoire 26.5 • DKenya 26.0 • DNigeria 25.7 • DSenegal 25.7 • DZambia 25.5 • DIndonesia 25.4 • DTimor-Leste 25.2 • DMyanmar 25.1 • DCameroon 25.0 • DYemen, Rep. 24.6 • DNicaragua 24.6 • DVanuatu 24.0 • D

Equatorial Guinea 23.8 • DZimbabwe 23.1 • DMongolia 22.3 • DUganda 21.9 • 5Lao PDR 21.9 • DIraq 21.2 • DTajikistan 20.5 • 5Libya 20.3 • 5Rwanda 20.0 • 5Nepal 19.7 • DGambia 18.5 • 5Bangladesh 18.2 • DMauritania 18.0 • DTurkmenistan 18.0 • DMozambique 17.5 • DPakistan 15.5 • 5Ethiopia 15.4 • DBurkina Faso 14.0 • 5Kiribati 13.7 • 5Djibouti 13.1 • 5Angola 13.0 • 5Tanzania 13.0 • 5Haiti 12.2 • 5Benin 12.0 • 5Sierra Leone 11.8 • 5Togo 11.3 • 5Mali 11.1 • 5Solomon Islands 11.0 • 5Afghanistan 10.6 • 5Guinea 9.8 • 5Malawi 9.6 • 5Papua New Guinea 9.6 • 5Congo 8.1 • 5Comoros 7.9 • 5Liberia 7.3 • 5


6.2 • 5

Burundi 5.2 • 5Chad 5.0 • 5Madagascar 4.7 • 5Niger 4.3 • 5Central African Republic 4.0 • 5Guinea-Bissau 3.8 • 5Somalia 1.9 • 5Eritrea 1.2 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Palau NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••

Iceland 98.2 • 5Luxembourg 98.1 • 5Liechtenstein 98.1 • LBahrain 98.0 • LAndorra 97.9 • LNorway 97.3 • 5Denmark 97.0 • 5Monaco 95.2 • LUnited Kingdom 94.8 • 5Qatar 94.3 • LJapan 93.2 • LKorea, Rep. 92.8 • 5United Arab Emirates 90.6 • LNetherlands 90.4 • 5Brunei Darussalam 90.0 • LCanada 89.8 • 5Sweden 89.7 • 5Germany 89.6 • LSwitzerland 89.1 • 5New Zealand 88.5 • LAustralia 88.2 • LFinland 87.7 • 5Estonia 87.2 • LBelgium 86.5 • LFrance 85.6 • LIreland 85.0 • LAustria 84.3 • LSingapore 81.0 • LSpain 80.6 • LSlovak Republic 80.5 • LBahamas, The 80.0 • LLatvia 79.8 • LIsrael 79.7 • LBarbados 79.5 • LHungary 79.3 • LMalaysia 78.8 • LKuwait 78.4 • LAzerbaijan 78.2 • LMalta 77.3 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 76.8 • LCzech Republic 76.5 • LUnited States 76.2 • LLebanon 76.1 • LCyprus 75.9 • LSlovenia 75.5 • LKazakhstan 74.6 • LLithuania 74.4 • LSaudi Arabia 73.8 • LPoland 73.3 • L

Trinidad and Tobago 73.3 • LRussian Federation 73.1 • LAntigua and Barbuda 73.0 • LCroatia 72.7 • L


Belarus 71.1 • LMoldova 71.0 • LArgentina 71.0 • LPortugal 70.4 • LOman 69.9 • LMontenegro 69.9 • LGreece 69.1 • LSerbia 67.1 • LDominica 67.0 • LArmenia 67.0 • LUruguay 66.4 • LAlbania 66.4 • LCosta Rica 66.0 • LChile 66.0 • LJordan 62.3 • LDominican Republic 61.3 • LItaly 61.3 • LBrazil 60.9 • LVenezuela, RB 60.0 • LBulgaria 59.8 • LMexico 59.5 • LRomania 59.5 • LMaldives 59.1 • LTurkey 58.3 • LMorocco 58.3 • LColombia 58.1 • LGeorgia 58.0 • LSeychelles 56.5 • LGrenada 55.9 • L


55.6 • L

Philippines 55.5 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 54.7 • LEcuador 54.1 • LNauru 54.0 • ••Panama 54.0 • LSouth Africa 54.0 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 53.2 • LChina 53.2 • LUkraine 52.5 • LMauritius 52.2 • LParaguay 51.3 • LCabo Verde 50.3 • L




The percentage of the total population who used the internet from any location in the last three months via a mobile network.Source: ITU (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 inhabitants)

Dominican Republic 49.8 • LParaguay 49.4 • L


Suriname 47.3 • LEgypt 47.3 • LMoldova 47.3 • LEcuador 46.9 • LColombia 46.9 • LTrinidad and Tobago 46.7 • LVietnam 46.4 • LPhilippines 46.4 • LBarbados 45.3 • LHungary 45.1 • LKyrgyz Republic 44.9 • LMorocco 44.8 • LCôte d'Ivoire 43.7 • LZimbabwe 41.6 • LDominica 40.7 • LAntigua and Barbuda 40.6 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 40.5 • LSt. Lucia 38.7 • LLao PDR 36.6 • DLesotho 35.9 • LLibya 35.4 • ••Indonesia 33.9 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 33.8 • DUganda 33.7 • DGrenada 32.8 • LMozambique 32.8 • LNauru 32.6 • LZambia 31.1 • DNepal 30.5 • LMauritania 29.3 • LEl Salvador 29.1 • DRwanda 28.9 • LBangladesh 27.1 • DSenegal 26.0 • LKenya 25.9 • DSudan 25.8 • LNicaragua 23.5 • 5Congo 23.4 • DHonduras 23.3 • DNigeria 23.3 • LMali 23.2 • DUkraine 23.0 • 5Seychelles 22.6 • DSamoa 22.5 • 5Vanuatu 22.2 • D

Gambia 21.2 • DSierra Leone 20.4 • DPakistan 19.9 • DBurkina Faso 19.6 • DSri Lanka 19.2 • DNiger 18.3 • 5Tajikistan 18.3 • ••Malawi 18.2 • DIndia 16.4 • 5Iraq 16.2 • 5Guinea 15.3 • DTogo 15.0 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 14.2 • DAngola 14.0 • DGuatemala 13.9 • 5Turkmenistan 13.6 • DAfghanistan 13.5 • 5Belize 13.4 • D


Solomon Islands 12.9 • DSyrian Arab Republic 12.8 • DeSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 12.6 • DDjibouti 11.2 • 5Cameroon 10.5 • 5Haiti 10.2 • 5Chad 9.2 • 5Tanzania 8.9 • 5Papua New Guinea 8.9 • 5Burundi 8.8 • 5Madagascar 8.1 • DBenin 8.1 • 5Guinea-Bissau 6.9 • 5Yemen, Rep. 5.7 • 5Liberia 5.2 • 5Ethiopia 5.2 • 5Central African Republic 3.5 • 5Somalia 2.0 • 5South Sudan 1.1 • 5Kiribati 0.9 • 5Equatorial Guinea 0.3 • 5Guyana 0.2 • 5Comoros 0.0 • 5Cuba 0.0 • 5Eritrea 0.0 • 5Marshall Islands 0.0 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0 • 5Palau 0.0 • ••Tuvalu 0.0 • 5

Kuwait 254.4 • LUnited Arab Emirates 164.9 • LBahrain 157.3 • LFinland 152.3 • LSingapore 148.4 • LQatar 139.9 • LJapan 131.1 • 5Australia 130.7 • LUnited States 127.0 • LDenmark 123.6 • LSweden 123.4 • LEstonia 121.6 • LBrunei Darussalam 119.5 • LLiechtenstein 119.5 • ••Norway 111.4 • LSan Marino 110.1 • ••Korea, Rep. 109.7 • 5Costa Rica 108.0 • LIceland 106.4 • LJordan 103.8 • LUruguay 101.9 • LNew Zealand 100.8 • LIreland 100.8 • LSwitzerland 100.6 • LCyprus 96.7 • LThailand 92.9 • LIsrael 91.6 • LMalaysia 91.5 • LOman 91.5 • LSpain 89.6 • LUnited Kingdom 89.2 • LBrazil 88.5 • LNetherlands 88.4 • LItaly 88.1 • LSão Tomé and Principe 87.7 • DBulgaria 87.4 • LAustria 87.1 • LLuxembourg 83.7 • LGabon 83.4 • LFrance 82.4 • LCzech Republic 80.4 • LMongolia 80.3 • LRomania 80.2 • LSlovak Republic 79.0 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 78.7 • LArgentina 78.1 • LCroatia 77.2 • LGermany 77.0 • LLatvia 76.3 • L

Monaco 75.0 • LKazakhstan 74.2 • LSaudi Arabia 74.0 • LRussian Federation 73.7 • LSerbia 72.8 • LChile 72.1 • LMalta 71.9 • LLithuania 71.7 • LGhana 69.6 • LChina 69.4 • LCanada 68.8 • LPoland 68.6 • LBhutan 68.4 • LBelarus 67.5 • LCabo Verde 66.5 • LBelgium 65.9 • LAlgeria 65.7 • LTurkey 65.1 • LNamibia 65.0 • LGeorgia 64.0 • LTunisia 62.7 • LBotswana 62.6 • LPortugal 62.5 • LSlovenia 62.3 • LMaldives 61.9 • LPeru 61.6 • LTimor-Leste 60.8 • LMontenegro 60.0 • LPanama 59.2 • LMexico 58.9 • LAlbania 57.6 • L


57.1 • L

Lebanon 56.8 • LBolivia 56.6 • LSouth Africa 56.3 • LMyanmar 56.3 • LAzerbaijan 56.2 • LTonga 56.0 • LJamaica 55.2 • LFiji 54.3 • LUzbekistan 53.5 • LArmenia 52.9 • LMauritius 51.6 • LBahamas, The 51.3 • LGreece 51.0 • LCambodia 50.8 • LVenezuela, RB 50.5 • LAndorra 50.5 • L




The qualitative assessment of a country’s infrastructure such as telephony, transport and energy. Based on survey respondents’ assessment of the general infrastructures on a scale from 1 (extremely underdeveloped) to 7 (extensive and efficient by international standards).Source: Schwab and Sala-i-Martin (2018) Year of reference: 2011–2017

Quality of overall infrastructure (1= extremely underdeveloped; 7= extensive and efficient by international standards)

Serbia 3.5 • LBelize 3.5 • ••Algeria 3.5 • DBosnia and Herzegovina 3.4 • LCambodia 3.4 • pGuatemala 3.4 • pUganda 3.3 • LMoldova 3.3 • LRomania 3.3 • LEl Salvador 3.3 • pMongolia 3.3 • LArgentina 3.3 • pZambia 3.2 • LBrazil 3.1 • pColombia 3.1 • pCosta Rica 3.1 • pPeru 3.1 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 3.0 • LBolivia 3.0 • LPhilippines 3.0 • 5Gabon 2.9 • ••Senegal 2.9 • 5Zimbabwe 2.9 • pBangladesh 2.9 • DTimor-Leste 2.9 • LNepal 2.9 • DMali 2.7 • 5Madagascar 2.7 • pLesotho 2.7 • LSierra Leone 2.6 • ••Guinea 2.6 • ••Liberia 2.6 • ••Paraguay 2.6 • DVenezuela, RB 2.5 • pMozambique 2.5 • pMalawi 2.5 • pMyanmar 2.4 • ••Burkina Faso 2.4 • pBurundi 2.4 • 5Benin 2.4 • pLebanon 2.3 • pNigeria 2.3 • 5Cameroon 2.3 • DAngola 2.2 • 5Yemen, Rep. 2.2 • ••Haiti 2.0 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 2.0 • ••Libya 1.9 • pChad 1.8 • D

Mauritania 1.5 • pAfghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Congo NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Niger NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Sudan NA • ••Togo NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Switzerland 6.6 • 5Singapore 6.4 • 5United Arab Emirates 6.2 • 5Netherlands 6.2 • 5Japan 6.2 • 5Finland 6.1 • 5France 6.1 • 5Austria 5.9 • 5United States 5.9 • 5Denmark 5.8 • 5Germany 5.7 • 5Portugal 5.7 • 5Korea, Rep. 5.7 • 5Sweden 5.6 • 5Luxembourg 5.6 • 5Iceland 5.6 • 5Spain 5.5 • 5Estonia 5.4 • 5Malaysia 5.3 • 5Qatar 5.2 • 5Canada 5.2 • 5Norway 5.2 • 5Bahrain 5.2 • 5Barbados 5.1 • 5Azerbaijan 5.0 • LUnited Kingdom 5.0 • 5Turkey 5.0 • LLithuania 4.9 • 5Saudi Arabia 4.9 • 5Israel 4.9 • pOman 4.9 • 5Belgium 4.9 • 5New Zealand 4.8 • 5Chile 4.7 • 5Cyprus 4.7 • 5Croatia 4.7 • 5Panama 4.7 • LAustralia 4.7 • 5Rwanda 4.7 • LSeychelles 4.7 • ••Morocco 4.7 • LCzech Republic 4.6 • LSlovenia 4.6 • 5Namibia 4.6 • 5India 4.6 • LChina 4.5 • LHungary 4.5 • LEcuador 4.5 • LMauritius 4.5 • LBrunei Darussalam 4.4 • p

Ireland 4.4 • LGreece 4.3 • pBhutan 4.3 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 4.3 • pKenya 4.3 • LArmenia 4.3 • LItaly 4.3 • LLatvia 4.3 • LAlbania 4.3 • LPoland 4.2 • LSlovak Republic 4.2 • LCôte d'Ivoire 4.2 • LJordan 4.2 • pTajikistan 4.2 • LMalta 4.2 • pJamaica 4.2 • pThailand 4.1 • pIndonesia 4.1 • LKuwait 4.1 • pSyrian Arab Republic 4.1 • ••Gambia 4.1 • pMexico 4.1 • L


South Africa 4.1 • pEgypt 4.0 • pSuriname 4.0 • ••Russian Federation 4.0 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 4.0 • pGeorgia 3.9 • LKazakhstan 3.9 • LBulgaria 3.9 • LSri Lanka 3.9 • LBotswana 3.9 • peSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 3.8 • pPakistan 3.8 • DLao PDR 3.8 • ••Cabo Verde 3.7 • 5Ghana 3.7 • pTunisia 3.7 • pMontenegro 3.6 • LUkraine 3.6 • LVietnam 3.6 • LHonduras 3.6 • 5Uruguay 3.6 • pTanzania 3.6 • DGuyana 3.6 • DDominican Republic 3.6 • 5Ethiopia 3.5 • pNicaragua 3.5 • L




Survey-based average assessment of the quality of trade and transport related infrastructure, e.g. ports, roads, railroads and information technology, on a scale from 1 (worst) to 5 (best).Source: World Bank (2016) Year of reference: 2016

Logistics performance index: quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (1=low to 5=high)

Bulgaria 2.4 • ••Venezuela, RB 2.3 • ••Turkmenistan 2.3 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 2.3 • ••Myanmar 2.3 • ••Papua New Guinea 2.3 • ••Costa Rica 2.3 • ••Cuba 2.3 • ••Mali 2.3 • ••Djibouti 2.3 • ••Dominican Republic 2.3 • ••Nepal 2.3 • ••Zambia 2.3 • ••El Salvador 2.2 • ••Fiji 2.2 • ••Mozambique 2.2 • ••Togo 2.2 • ••Guyana 2.2 • ••Senegal 2.2 • ••Jamaica 2.2 • ••Niger 2.2 • ••Armenia 2.2 • ••Zimbabwe 2.2 • ••Solomon Islands 2.2 • ••Cameroon 2.2 • ••Sudan 2.2 • ••Guatemala 2.2 • ••Georgia 2.2 • ••Angola 2.1 • ••Tajikistan 2.1 • ••Madagascar 2.1 • ••São Tomé and Principe 2.1 • ••Ethiopia 2.1 • ••Bolivia 2.1 • ••Belarus 2.1 • ••Chad 2.1 • ••Sierra Leone 2.1 • ••Montenegro 2.1 • ••Eritrea 2.1 • ••Mongolia 2.1 • ••Gabon 2.0 • ••Libya 2.0 • ••Honduras 2.0 • ••Liberia 2.0 • ••Guinea 2.0 • ••Burundi 2.0 • ••Albania 2.0 • ••Lesotho 2.0 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 2.0 • ••

Bhutan 2.0 • ••Guinea-Bissau 1.9 • ••Iraq 1.9 • ••Afghanistan 1.8 • ••Lao PDR 1.8 • ••Somalia 1.6 • ••Mauritania 1.5 • ••Equatorial Guinea 1.5 • ••Haiti 1.5 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 1.2 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Belize NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Democratic Republic of Congo NA • ••Dominica NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Gambia NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritius NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Romania NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Sri Lanka NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••Yemen, Rep. NA • ••

Germany 4.4 • ••Netherlands 4.3 • ••Sweden 4.3 • ••Luxembourg 4.2 • ••United Kingdom 4.2 • ••Singapore 4.2 • ••Switzerland 4.2 • ••United States 4.2 • ••Canada 4.1 • ••Japan 4.1 • ••Austria 4.1 • ••United Arab Emirates 4.1 • ••Belgium 4.1 • ••France 4.0 • ••Finland 4.0 • ••Norway 4.0 • ••Australia 3.8 • ••Italy 3.8 • ••Korea, Rep. 3.8 • ••South Africa 3.8 • ••Ireland 3.8 • ••China 3.8 • ••Denmark 3.7 • ••Spain 3.7 • ••Lithuania 3.6 • ••Qatar 3.6 • ••New Zealand 3.5 • ••Israel 3.5 • ••Turkey 3.5 • ••Hungary 3.5 • ••Malaysia 3.4 • ••Oman 3.4 • ••Czech Republic 3.4 • ••India 3.3 • ••Greece 3.3 • ••Panama 3.3 • ••Slovak Republic 3.2 • ••Saudi Arabia 3.2 • ••Latvia 3.2 • ••Kenya 3.2 • ••Slovenia 3.2 • ••Estonia 3.2 • ••Poland 3.2 • ••Thailand 3.1 • ••Brazil 3.1 • ••Bahrain 3.1 • ••Portugal 3.1 • ••Egypt 3.1 • ••Iceland 3.0 • ••

Cyprus 3.0 • ••Croatia 3.0 • ••Botswana 3.0 • ••Malta 2.9 • ••Kuwait 2.9 • ••Mexico 2.9 • ••Argentina 2.9 • ••Tanzania 2.8 • ••Uruguay 2.8 • ••Jordan 2.8 • ••Chile 2.8 • ••Namibia 2.8 • ••Kazakhstan 2.8 • ••Brunei Darussalam 2.7 • ••Uganda 2.7 • ••Bahamas, The 2.7 • ••Pakistan 2.7 • ••Vietnam 2.7 • ••Burkina Faso 2.7 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 2.7 • ••Indonesia 2.6 • ••Lebanon 2.6 • ••Peru 2.6 • ••Rwanda 2.6 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.6 • ••Congo 2.6 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 2.6 • ••Algeria 2.6 • ••Maldives 2.6 • ••Philippines 2.6 • ••Nicaragua 2.5 • ••Ukraine 2.5 • ••Serbia 2.5 • ••Ghana 2.5 • ••Bangladesh 2.5 • ••Ecuador 2.5 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 2.5 • ••Morocco 2.5 • ••Uzbekistan 2.4 • ••Paraguay 2.4 • ••Tunisia 2.4 • ••Russian Federation 2.4 • ••Colombia 2.4 • ••Nigeria 2.4 • ••Benin 2.4 • ••Comoros 2.4 • ••Cambodia 2.4 • ••Moldova 2.4 • ••




The average score of the top three universities in each country that are listed in the global top 1,000 universities in the world, expressed as 0-100. For countries with fewer than three universities on the list, only the scores of the ranked universities were taken into account. Whenever a university score was missing in the Times Higher Education World University Ranking, the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) University Ranking 2018 (Cornell et al., 2018) was used as a source when available.Source: Times Higher Education (2018) Year of reference: 2018

The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking, average score of top 3 universities (0-100)

Burkina Faso 0.0 • ••Burundi 0.0 • ••Cabo Verde 0.0 • ••Cambodia 0.0 • ••Cameroon 0.0 • ••Central African Republic 0.0 • ••Chad 0.0 • ••Comoros 0.0 • ••Congo 0.0 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 0.0 • ••Cuba 0.0 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 0.0 • ••Djibouti 0.0 • ••Dominica 0.0 • ••Dominican Republic 0.0 • ••Ecuador 0.0 • ••El Salvador 0.0 • ••Equatorial Guinea 0.0 • ••Eritrea 0.0 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 0.0 • ••Ethiopia 0.0 • ••Fiji 0.0 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 0.0 • ••Gabon 0.0 • ••Gambia 0.0 • ••Grenada 0.0 • ••Guatemala 0.0 • ••Guinea 0.0 • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.0 • ••Guyana 0.0 • ••Haiti 0.0 • ••Honduras 0.0 • ••Iraq 0.0 • ••Jamaica 0.0 • ••Kiribati 0.0 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0.0 • ••Lao PDR 0.0 • ••Lesotho 0.0 • ••Liberia 0.0 • ••Libya 0.0 • ••Liechtenstein 0.0 • ••Madagascar 0.0 • ••Malawi 0.0 • ••Maldives 0.0 • ••Mali 0.0 • ••Malta 0.0 • ••

Marshall Islands 0.0 • ••Mauritania 0.0 • ••Mauritius 0.0 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0 • ••Moldova 0.0 • ••Monaco 0.0 • ••Mongolia 0.0 • ••Montenegro 0.0 • ••Mozambique 0.0 • ••Myanmar 0.0 • ••Namibia 0.0 • ••Nauru 0.0 • ••Nepal 0.0 • ••Nicaragua 0.0 • ••Niger 0.0 • ••Palau 0.0 • ••Panama 0.0 • ••Papua New Guinea 0.0 • ••Paraguay 0.0 • ••Rwanda 0.0 • ••Samoa 0.0 • ••San Marino 0.0 • ••São Tomé and Principe 0.0 • ••Senegal 0.0 • ••Seychelles 0.0 • ••Sierra Leone 0.0 • ••Solomon Islands 0.0 • ••Somalia 0.0 • ••South Sudan 0.0 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 0.0 • ••St. Lucia 0.0 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

0.0 • ••Sudan 0.0 • ••Suriname 0.0 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0.0 • ••Tajikistan 0.0 • ••Timor-Leste 0.0 • ••Togo 0.0 • ••Tonga 0.0 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 0.0 • ••Turkmenistan 0.0 • ••Tuvalu 0.0 • ••Uzbekistan 0.0 • ••Vanuatu 0.0 • ••Vietnam 0.0 • ••Yemen, Rep. 0.0 • ••Zambia 0.0 • ••Zimbabwe 0.0 • ••

United States 92.8 • ••United Kingdom 92.2 • ••Canada 77.4 • ••Singapore 76.7 • ••Switzerland 74.6 • ••Germany 74.0 • ••China 72.4 • ••Australia 72.3 • ••Netherlands 67.6 • ••Sweden 66.3 • ••Belgium 63.2 • ••Japan 62.4 • ••Korea, Rep. 61.7 • ••France 60.9 • ••Denmark 58.1 • ••Finland 54.8 • ••Spain 54.4 • ••Luxembourg 53.8 • ••Italy 53.0 • ••Ireland 52.9 • ••Norway 51.0 • ••Austria 49.4 • ••Israel 47.9 • ••New Zealand 47.9 • ••Russian Federation 47.6 • ••South Africa 47.4 • ••Iceland 43.7 • ••Turkey 40.8 • ••India 40.2 • ••Cyprus 39.3 • ••Brazil 39.0 • ••Saudi Arabia 38.5 • ••Qatar 37.5 • ••Uganda 37.5 • ••Kazakhstan 36.1 • ••Greece 35.6 • ••Estonia 34.9 • ••United Arab Emirates 34.2 • ••Malaysia 33.3 • ••Chile 32.8 • ••Lebanon 32.8 • ••Portugal 32.8 • ••Czech Republic 32.1 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 32.0 • ••Hungary 29.9 • ••Pakistan 29.9 • ••Poland 28.3 • ••Thailand 28.3 • ••Kuwait 26.1 • ••

Peru 26.1 • ••Philippines 26.1 • ••Slovenia 26.1 • ••Colombia 25.8 • ••Croatia 25.7 • ••Egypt 23.5 • ••Mexico 23.5 • ••Jordan 22.8 • ••Romania 21.0 • ••Slovak Republic 21.0 • ••Lithuania 19.2 • ••Azerbaijan 18.6 • ••Algeria 18.5 • ••Argentina 18.5 • ••Belarus 18.5 • ••Costa Rica 18.5 • ••Ghana 18.5 • ••Indonesia 18.5 • ••Kenya 18.5 • ••Latvia 18.5 • ••Nigeria 18.5 • ••Oman 18.5 • ••Sri Lanka 18.5 • ••Morocco 16.5 • ••Venezuela, RB 16.5 • ••Bahrain 15.4 • ••Uruguay 15.0 • ••Ukraine 14.4 • ••Bangladesh 12.4 • ••Bulgaria 12.4 • ••Georgia 12.4 • ••Tunisia 12.4 • ••Serbia 4.3 • ••Tanzania 2.5 • ••Afghanistan 0.0 • ••Albania 0.0 • ••Andorra 0.0 • ••Angola 0.0 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 0.0 • ••Armenia 0.0 • ••Bahamas, The 0.0 • ••Barbados 0.0 • ••Belize 0.0 • ••Benin 0.0 • ••Bhutan 0.0 • ••Bolivia 0.0 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0 • ••Botswana 0.0 • ••Brunei Darussalam 0.0 • ••




The number of scientific and technical journal articles published that are covered by the Science Citation Index (SCI) or the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Articles are counted and assigned to a country based on the institutional address(es) listed in the article. The data are reported per capita.Source: National Science Foundation (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Number of scientific and technical journal articles (per 1,000 population)

Vanuatu 0.0 • ••Sri Lanka 0.0 • ••Azerbaijan 0.0 • ••Pakistan 0.0 • ••Jamaica 0.0 • ••Namibia 0.0 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0 • ••Panama 0.0 • ••Suriname 0.0 • ••Mongolia 0.0 • ••Bahamas, The 0.0 • ••Tuvalu 0.0 • ••Ghana 0.0 • ••Iraq 0.0 • ••Peru 0.0 • ••Vietnam 0.0 • ••Gabon 0.0 • ••Indonesia 0.0 • ••Cameroon 0.0 • ••Samoa 0.0 • ••Venezuela, RB 0.0 • ••St. Lucia 0.0 • ••Marshall Islands 0.0 • ••Solomon Islands 0.0 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 0.0 • ••Senegal 0.0 • ••Gambia 0.0 • ••Libya 0.0 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.0 • ••Nigeria 0.0 • ••Kenya 0.0 • ••Kiribati 0.0 • ••Nepal 0.0 • ••Zimbabwe 0.0 • ••Guyana 0.0 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0.0 • ••Tonga 0.0 • ••Bangladesh 0.0 • ••Benin 0.0 • ••Philippines 0.0 • ••Congo 0.0 • ••Cabo Verde 0.0 • ••Belize 0.0 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0.0 • ••Paraguay 0.0 • ••Uganda 0.0 • ••Lao PDR 0.0 • ••Burkina Faso 0.0 • ••

Maldives 0.0 • ••Uzbekistan 0.0 • ••Malawi 0.0 • ••Ethiopia 0.0 • ••Zambia 0.0 • ••Lesotho 0.0 • ••Togo 0.0 • ••Tanzania 0.0 • ••Rwanda 0.0 • ••Sudan 0.0 • ••Bolivia 0.0 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 0.0 • ••Cambodia 0.0 • ••Papua New Guinea 0.0 • ••Timor-Leste 0.0 • ••Sierra Leone 0.0 • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.0 • ••Central African Republic 0.0 • ••Equatorial Guinea 0.0 • ••Nicaragua 0.0 • ••Comoros 0.0 • ••Tajikistan 0.0 • ••Guatemala 0.0 • ••Mali 0.0 • ••Mauritania 0.0 • ••São Tomé and Principe 0.0 • ••El Salvador 0.0 • ••Djibouti 0.0 • ••Madagascar 0.0 • ••Yemen, Rep. 0.0 • ••Honduras 0.0 • ••Liberia 0.0 • ••Mozambique 0.0 • ••Guinea 0.0 • ••Dominican Republic 0.0 • ••Haiti 0.0 • ••Niger 0.0 • ••Afghanistan 0.0 • ••Myanmar 0.0 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • ••Eritrea 0.0 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo

0.0 • ••Angola 0.0 • ••Burundi 0.0 • ••Chad 0.0 • ••Turkmenistan 0.0 • ••Somalia 0.0 • ••South Sudan 0.0 • ••

Switzerland 2.5 • ••Denmark 2.4 • ••Australia 2.1 • ••Norway 2.0 • ••Sweden 2.0 • ••Singapore 2.0 • ••Iceland 2.0 • ••Finland 1.9 • ••Netherlands 1.8 • ••Slovenia 1.6 • ••New Zealand 1.6 • ••Canada 1.6 • ••Czech Republic 1.5 • ••United Kingdom 1.5 • ••Israel 1.5 • ••Ireland 1.4 • ••Belgium 1.4 • ••Luxembourg 1.4 • ••Austria 1.4 • ••Portugal 1.3 • ••United States 1.3 • ••Germany 1.3 • ••Korea, Rep. 1.2 • ••Italy 1.2 • ••Spain 1.1 • ••Estonia 1.1 • ••France 1.1 • ••Monaco 1.0 • ••Slovak Republic 1.0 • ••Croatia 1.0 • ••Greece 1.0 • ••Liechtenstein 0.9 • ••Poland 0.9 • ••Cyprus 0.8 • ••Japan 0.8 • ••Lithuania 0.8 • ••Malta 0.7 • ••Malaysia 0.7 • ••Latvia 0.6 • ••Hungary 0.6 • ••Serbia 0.6 • ••Romania 0.5 • ••Brunei Darussalam 0.5 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.5 • ••Qatar 0.5 • ••Tunisia 0.5 • ••Turkey 0.4 • ••Russian Federation 0.4 • ••Montenegro 0.4 • ••

St. Kitts and Nevis 0.4 • ••Chile 0.4 • ••Bulgaria 0.4 • ••Grenada 0.3 • ••China 0.3 • ••Saudi Arabia 0.3 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 0.3 • ••Brazil 0.3 • ••United Arab Emirates 0.2 • ••Uruguay 0.2 • ••Lebanon 0.2 • ••San Marino 0.2 • ••South Africa 0.2 • ••Argentina 0.2 • ••Kuwait 0.2 • ••Oman 0.2 • ••Armenia 0.2 • ••Jordan 0.2 • ••Fiji 0.2 • ••Barbados 0.2 • ••Ukraine 0.2 • ••Bahrain 0.1 • ••Georgia 0.1 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.1 • ••Palau 0.1 • ••Thailand 0.1 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 0.1 • ••Seychelles 0.1 • ••Colombia 0.1 • ••Mauritius 0.1 • ••Morocco 0.1 • ••Mexico 0.1 • ••Egypt 0.1 • ••Algeria 0.1 • ••Dominica 0.1 • ••Andorra 0.1 • ••Botswana 0.1 • ••Belarus 0.1 • ••Cuba 0.1 • ••Kazakhstan 0.1 • ••India 0.1 • ••Costa Rica 0.1 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 0.1 • ••Moldova 0.1 • ••Ecuador 0.1 • ••Albania 0.1 • ••Nauru 0.1 • ••Bhutan 0.1 • ••




Gross domestic expenditure on scientific research and experimental development (R&D) expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). We assumed zero R&D expenditure for low-income countries that did not report any data for this variable. Source: UNESCO (2018) Year of reference: 2002–2015

Research and development expenditure (% GDP)

Kazakhstan 0.2 • ••Myanmar 0.2 • ••Bolivia 0.2 • ••Mongolia 0.2 • ••Albania 0.2 • ••Philippines 0.1 • ••Gambia 0.1 • ••El Salvador 0.1 • ••Paraguay 0.1 • ••Burundi 0.1 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0.1 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.1 • ••Cambodia 0.1 • ••Peru 0.1 • ••Tajikistan 0.1 • ••Nicaragua 0.1 • ••Bahrain 0.1 • ••Sri Lanka 0.1 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 0.1 • ••Indonesia 0.1 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 0.1 • ••Cabo Verde 0.1 • ••Algeria 0.1 • ••Panama 0.1 • ••Jamaica 0.1 • ••Lesotho 0.1 • ••Guatemala 0.0 • ••Honduras 0.0 • ••Monaco 0.0 • ••Iraq 0.0 • ••Lao PDR 0.0 • ••Brunei Darussalam 0.0 • ••Madagascar 0.0 • ••Afghanistan 0.0 • ••Benin 0.0 • ••Central African Republic 0.0 • ••Chad 0.0 • ••Comoros 0.0 • ••Eritrea 0.0 • ••Guinea 0.0 • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.0 • ••Haiti 0.0 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • ••Liberia 0.0 • ••Malawi 0.0 • ••Niger 0.0 • ••Rwanda 0.0 • ••

Sierra Leone 0.0 • ••Somalia 0.0 • ••South Sudan 0.0 • ••Zimbabwe 0.0 • ••Andorra NA • ••Angola NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Bangladesh NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Belize NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Cameroon NA • ••Congo NA • ••Côte d'Ivoire NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Dominican Republic NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Lebanon NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritania NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••Venezuela, RB NA • ••Yemen, Rep. NA • ••

Israel 4.3 • ••Korea, Rep. 4.2 • ••Japan 3.3 • ••Sweden 3.3 • ••Austria 3.1 • ••Denmark 3.0 • ••Switzerland 3.0 • ••Finland 2.9 • ••Germany 2.9 • ••United States 2.8 • ••Belgium 2.5 • ••France 2.2 • ••Iceland 2.2 • ••Slovenia 2.2 • ••Australia 2.2 • ••Singapore 2.2 • ••China 2.1 • ••Netherlands 2.0 • ••Czech Republic 1.9 • ••Norway 1.9 • ••United Kingdom 1.7 • ••Canada 1.6 • ••Ireland 1.5 • ••Estonia 1.5 • ••Hungary 1.4 • ••Italy 1.3 • ••Malaysia 1.3 • ••Luxembourg 1.3 • ••Portugal 1.3 • ••Spain 1.2 • ••Slovak Republic 1.2 • ••Brazil 1.2 • ••New Zealand 1.2 • ••Russian Federation 1.1 • ••Lithuania 1.0 • ••Turkey 1.0 • ••Poland 1.0 • ••Greece 1.0 • ••Bulgaria 1.0 • ••Serbia 0.9 • ••United Arab Emirates 0.9 • ••Croatia 0.9 • ••Saudi Arabia 0.8 • ••Kenya 0.8 • ••Malta 0.8 • ••South Africa 0.7 • ••Egypt 0.7 • ••Morocco 0.7 • ••Tunisia 0.6 • ••

India 0.6 • ••Thailand 0.6 • ••Latvia 0.6 • ••Ukraine 0.6 • ••Ethiopia 0.6 • ••Argentina 0.6 • ••Mali 0.6 • ••Gabon 0.6 • ••Costa Rica 0.6 • ••Mexico 0.6 • ••Botswana 0.5 • ••Senegal 0.5 • ••Tanzania 0.5 • ••Belarus 0.5 • ••Romania 0.5 • ••Qatar 0.5 • ••Uganda 0.5 • ••Cyprus 0.5 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 0.4 • ••Ecuador 0.4 • ••Jordan 0.4 • ••Cuba 0.4 • ••Chile 0.4 • ••Montenegro 0.4 • ••Ghana 0.4 • ••Vietnam 0.4 • ••Moldova 0.4 • ••Mozambique 0.3 • ••Namibia 0.3 • ••Uruguay 0.3 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.3 • ••Georgia 0.3 • ••Nepal 0.3 • ••Seychelles 0.3 • ••Kuwait 0.3 • ••Sudan 0.3 • ••Zambia 0.3 • ••Togo 0.3 • ••Armenia 0.3 • ••Oman 0.2 • ••Pakistan 0.2 • ••Colombia 0.2 • ••Azerbaijan 0.2 • ••Nigeria 0.2 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.2 • ••Uzbekistan 0.2 • ••Burkina Faso 0.2 • ••Mauritius 0.2 • ••





The number of researchers per thousand employed people. Researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and systems, as well as in the management of the projects concerned.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2010–2016

Research and development researchers (per 1,000 employed)(OECD Member States)

Israel 17.4 • ••Denmark 14.9 • 5Sweden 14.4 • 5Finland 14.3 • 5Korea, Rep. 13.8 • 5Ireland 12.9 • LIceland 11.6 • 5Belgium 11.5 • 5Norway 11.1 • 5Austria 10.4 • 5France 10.1 • 5Japan 10.0 • 5Netherlands 9.2 • LGermany 9.2 • LUnited Kingdom 9.2 • 5United States 9.1 • 5Australia 9.0 • ••Canada 9.0 • 5

Switzerland 8.8 • LPortugal 8.8 • 5Slovenia 8.4 • LNew Zealand 7.9 • LCzech Republic 7.1 • LGreece 7.1 • ••Estonia 6.9 • pSpain 6.6 • pSlovak Republic 6.1 • DLuxembourg 6.0 • pHungary 5.8 • LPoland 5.2 • LItaly 5.1 • DTurkey 3.6 • DLatvia 3.6 • 5Chile 1.1 • 5Mexico 0.8 • ••

Number of triadic patent families filed per million population. A triadic patent family is defined as a set of patents registered in various countries (i.e. patent offices) to protect the same invention. Triadic patent families are a set of patents filed at three of these major patent offices: the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japan Patent Office (JPO) and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015

Triadic patent families filed (per million population)(OECD Member States)

Japan 136.2 • 5Netherlands 68.5 • 5Israel 55.6 • 5Germany 54.3 • 5Korea, Rep. 53.0 • 5Austria 52.9 • 5Finland 52.6 • 5Denmark 51.8 • 5United States 45.9 • 5France 39.7 • 5Belgium 39.2 • 5Luxembourg 34.3 • 5New Zealand 27.7 • 5United Kingdom 27.4 • 5Ireland 21.9 • 5Norway 17.1 • 5Canada 14.7 • 5Switzerland 14.2 • 5

Australia 13.8 • 5Italy 13.2 • 5Estonia 7.4 • 5Sweden 6.6 • 5Iceland 5.8 • 5Spain 4.9 • 5Slovenia 4.9 • 5Czech Republic 3.6 • 5Hungary 3.4 • 5Portugal 2.8 • 5Greece 2.7 • 5Poland 2.6 • 5Slovak Republic 1.7 • 5Latvia 1.3 • 5Chile 0.7 • 5Turkey 0.6 • 5Mexico 0.1 • 5





The difference in the percentage of household internet access between top and bottom income quartiles.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2012 (or closest available)

Gap in internet access by income (%)(OECD Member States)

Denmark 6.0 • ••Iceland 10.7 • ••Korea, Rep. 13.0 • ••Netherlands 14.5 • ••Norway 15.1 • ••Luxembourg 18.5 • ••New Zealand 19.0 • ••Sweden 23.1 • ••Chile 26.8 • ••Finland 27.4 • ••Germany 28.4 • ••Austria 33.7 • ••United Kingdom 34.0 • ••Japan 42.9 • ••Israel 43.3 • ••Canada 43.5 • ••Belgium 46.0 • ••Switzerland 47.2 • ••

Estonia 50.3 • ••Italy 51.2 • ••Greece 52.1 • ••Slovak Republic 52.2 • ••Spain 54.7 • ••Poland 56.3 • ••Australia 57.0 • ••Slovenia 60.4 • ••Czech Republic 60.9 • ••Portugal 63.0 • ••Hungary 63.6 • ••France NA • ••Ireland NA • ••Latvia NA • ••Mexico NA • ••Turkey NA • ••United States NA • ••

Percentage of women tertiary graduates in natural sciences and engineering from total tertiary graduates in natural sciences and engineering.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015

Women in science and engineering (%)(OECD Member States)

Poland 41.0 • ••Portugal 38.1 • ••United Kingdom 35.3 • ••Estonia 35.0 • ••Slovak Republic 33.9 • ••Czech Republic 32.2 • ••Slovenia 31.1 • ••Turkey 30.7 • ••Sweden 30.0 • ••France 29.2 • ••Mexico 29.2 • ••Hungary 29.2 • ••United States 28.6 • ••Denmark 27.8 • ••Canada 27.7 • ••Australia 27.6 • ••Spain 27.1 • ••Latvia 27.0 • ••

New Zealand 26.7 • ••Norway 26.6 • ••Netherlands 26.1 • ••Belgium 26.0 • ••Germany 24.7 • ••Korea, Rep. 24.0 • ••Austria 23.4 • ••Ireland 23.4 • ••Finland 23.0 • ••Switzerland 21.6 • ••Luxembourg 18.3 • ••Chile 16.2 • ••Greece NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Israel NA • ••Italy NA • ••Japan NA • ••




The Gini coefficient adjusted for top revenues unaccounted for in household surveys. This indicator takes the average of the unadjusted Gini and the adjusted Gini.Source: Chandy, L., Seidel B., 2017 Year of reference: 2003–2016

Gini coefficient adjusted for top income (1-100)

Paraguay 47.9 • ••Peru 48.2 • ••Turkey 48.4 • pArgentina 48.9 • ••Togo 49.0 • ••Mauritius 49.1 • ••El Salvador 49.2 • ••Egypt 49.7 • ••Cabo Verde 50.0 • ••Sri Lanka 50.1 • ••Kenya 50.1 • ••Benin 50.1 • ••Ecuador 50.4 • ••Philippines 50.5 • ••Indonesia 50.7 • ••Costa Rica 50.7 • ••Dominican Republic 51.4 • ••Georgia 51.4 • ••Madagascar 51.8 • ••Romania 52.4 • ••Congo 52.6 • ••Guinea-Bissau 53.1 • ••Chile 53.3 • 5Rwanda 53.3 • ••Honduras 53.5 • ••Venezuela, RB 53.8 • ••Brazil 53.9 • ••Panama 54.0 • ••Colombia 55.3 • ••Guatemala 55.8 • ••Central African Republic 56.2 • ••Mexico 57.8 • pNigeria 59.8 • ••Lesotho 62.9 • ••Botswana 63.0 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 65.0 • ••Namibia 66.4 • ••South Africa 67.1 • ••Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Angola NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Belize NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••

Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Jamaica NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Kuwait NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Malta NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Myanmar NA • ••Nauru NA • ••New Zealand NA • ••Oman NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Qatar NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Saudi Arabia NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Singapore NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••United Arab Emirates NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Yemen, Rep. NA • ••Zambia NA • ••

Norway 26.7 • 5Slovenia 27.5 • 5Sweden 27.5 • 5Iceland 27.8 • 5Ukraine 27.8 • ••Finland 28.3 • 5Denmark 28.7 • 5Netherlands 29.4 • 5Belgium 29.8 • LMoldova 30.1 • ••Czech Republic 30.2 • LCambodia 30.7 • ••Algeria 31.5 • ••Luxembourg 31.7 • LAustria 32.0 • LTimor-Leste 32.2 • ••Korea, Rep. 32.3 • ••Mauritania 32.4 • ••Belarus 32.5 • ••France 32.6 • LIreland 32.9 • LLiberia 33.2 • ••Slovak Republic 33.4 • pGermany 33.4 • pNepal 33.5 • ••Guinea 33.7 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 33.8 • ••Niger 34.0 • ••Switzerland 34.6 • pKyrgyz Republic 34.8 • ••Canada 35.0 • pVietnam 35.2 • ••Burkina Faso 35.3 • ••Cyprus 35.5 • ••Australia 35.7 • ••Japan 35.7 • ••Latvia 35.9 • LBangladesh 35.9 • ••Hungary 36.2 • pMali 36.7 • ••Mongolia 37.1 • ••Serbia 37.3 • ••Vanuatu 37.3 • ••Estonia 37.4 • pUnited Kingdom 37.7 • pItaly 38.2 • 5Croatia 38.2 • ••Lebanon 38.3 • ••Sierra Leone 38.4 • ••

Spain 38.4 • pAzerbaijan 38.8 • ••Bhutan 38.8 • ••Tajikistan 38.9 • ••Burundi 39.2 • ••Sudan 39.7 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 40.0 • ••Montenegro 40.7 • ••Haiti 40.9 • ••Kazakhstan 41.0 • ••Uganda 41.0 • ••Bulgaria 41.1 • ••Morocco 41.2 • ••Tunisia 41.3 • ••Tanzania 41.6 • ••Albania 41.8 • ••China 41.9 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 42.1 • ••Thailand 42.1 • ••Ghana 42.2 • ••Pakistan 42.4 • ••Portugal 42.6 • 5Zimbabwe 43.1 • ••Jordan 43.2 • ••Russian Federation 43.8 • ••Poland 43.9 • 5Chad 44.1 • ••Senegal 44.4 • ••Greece 44.9 • pComoros 45.0 • ••Israel 45.2 • ••Uruguay 45.2 • ••Armenia 45.2 • ••Lithuania 45.4 • ••Mozambique 45.5 • ••India 45.6 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)

45.7 • ••Bolivia 45.7 • ••United States 46.1 • pGabon 46.3 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 46.4 • ••Nicaragua 46.5 • ••Gambia 47.3 • ••South Sudan 47.4 • ••Malawi 47.5 • ••Cameroon 47.7 • ••Malaysia 47.9 • ••





The share of all income received by the 10% people with highest disposable income divided by the share of all income received by the 40% people with the lowest disposable income.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Palma ratio(OECD Member States)

Iceland 0.8 • 5Slovak Republic 0.8 • 5Slovenia 0.8 • 5Czech Republic 0.9 • 5Denmark 0.9 • 5Finland 0.9 • 5Belgium 0.9 • 5Austria 1.0 • 5Norway 1.0 • 5Sweden 1.0 • ••Luxembourg 1.0 • pHungary 1.0 • LGermany 1.0 • LKorea, Rep. 1.0 • LPoland 1.0 • LIreland 1.1 • LFrance 1.1 • LSwitzerland 1.1 • ••

Netherlands 1.1 • ••Canada 1.2 • 5Italy 1.2 • 5Estonia 1.3 • ••Japan 1.3 • ••Portugal 1.3 • 5Greece 1.3 • pAustralia 1.3 • pSpain 1.4 • pIsrael 1.4 • 5Latvia 1.4 • 5New Zealand 1.4 • pUnited Kingdom 1.5 • pUnited States 1.8 • ••Turkey 1.9 • 5Chile 2.5 • DMexico 2.5 • 5

The ratio of the number of people of 66 years of age or more whose income falls below the poverty line; taken as half the median household income of the total population.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Elderly poverty rate (%)(OECD Member States)

France 3.1 • ••Denmark 3.2 • ••Slovak Republic 3.4 • ••Netherlands 3.7 • ••Luxembourg 3.9 • ••Czech Republic 4.2 • ••Norway 4.4 • ••Finland 5.2 • ••Iceland 5.4 • ••Spain 5.9 • ••Ireland 6.8 • ••Greece 7.7 • ••Austria 7.8 • ••Poland 8.5 • ••Hungary 8.6 • ••Italy 9.3 • ••Belgium 9.5 • ••Germany 9.5 • ••

New Zealand 10.6 • ••Canada 10.7 • ••Portugal 10.8 • ••Sweden 11.4 • ••Slovenia 13.5 • ••United Kingdom 13.8 • ••Chile 16.3 • ••Turkey 17.0 • ••Japan 19.0 • ••Switzerland 19.4 • ••United States 20.9 • ••Israel 21.2 • ••Mexico 25.6 • ••Australia 25.7 • ••Latvia 30.9 • ••Estonia 31.9 • ••Korea, Rep. 45.7 • ••




Air pollution measured as the population-weighted mean annual concentration of PM2.5 for the urban population in a country. PM2.5 is suspended particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and can cause severe health damage.Source: Brauer et al. (2016) Year of reference: 2015

Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns of diameter (PM2.5) in urban areas (μg/m3)

Morocco 23.0 • pHungary 23.1 • pTanzania 23.3 • pMontenegro 23.4 • 5Philippines 23.5 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 23.5 • pMongolia 23.6 • pVenezuela, RB 23.8 • pPoland 24.3 • 5Lesotho 24.7 • pArmenia 25.5 • pMalawi 25.7 • pHaiti 25.8 • pThailand 26.4 • pZambia 26.7 • pBelize 27.0 • 5Nicaragua 27.4 • 5Peru 27.8 • 5Sri Lanka 27.9 • 5Bolivia 28.0 • LBulgaria 28.1 • 5Vietnam 28.3 • 5Korea, Rep. 28.7 • pCambodia 29.0 • pMaldives 29.1 • pSouth Africa 29.6 • pAzerbaijan 30.4 • pTurkmenistan 31.3 • pSouth Sudan 32.4 • pLao PDR 32.6 • 5Lebanon 32.6 • pTogo 32.7 • pGuinea-Bissau 33.0 • pKorea, Dem. Rep. 34.1 • pGuatemala 34.8 • 5Benin 35.2 • pAlgeria 35.6 • pEthiopia 35.7 • pAngola 36.4 • pTurkey 36.4 • pEl Salvador 37.0 • pSenegal 37.6 • pHonduras 37.6 • 5Nigeria 38.0 • pJordan 38.8 • pCabo Verde 39.6 • pUzbekistan 39.7 • pGabon 39.9 • pBurkina Faso 40.0 • p


Syrian Arab Republic 41.6 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 43.0 • pEritrea 43.5 • pMali 44.0 • pTunisia 44.8 • pBurundi 45.5 • pChad 46.1 • p


Central African Republic 46.5 • pEquatorial Guinea 47.1 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 47.4 • pAfghanistan 48.0 • pRwanda 49.7 • pTajikistan 50.0 • pSudan 50.0 • pDjibouti 51.5 • pIraq 52.0 • DYemen, Rep. 52.8 • pCongo 53.0 • pOman 53.3 • pMyanmar 54.4 • pBahrain 55.5 • pBhutan 55.7 • pChina 58.4 • 5Uganda 60.3 • pGambia 60.9 • pNiger 62.7 • pUnited Arab Emirates 64.3 • pPakistan 65.0 • pCameroon 66.4 • pKuwait 67.4 • pIndia 74.3 • pNepal 75.0 • pLibya 79.2 • 5Mauritania 85.1 • pBangladesh 89.4 • pEgypt 104.7 • pSaudi Arabia 106.2 • pQatar 107.3 • pLiechtenstein NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Kiribati 3.4 • 5Samoa 3.8 • 5Tonga 4.0 • 5Brunei Darussalam 5.1 • 5New Zealand 5.5 • 5Australia 5.9 • 5Sweden 6.2 • 5Solomon Islands 6.6 • 5Canada 7.2 • 5Finland 7.4 • 5Iceland 7.8 • 5Liberia 7.9 • pFiji 7.9 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 8.1 • 5United States 8.4 • 5Vanuatu 8.5 • 5Norway 9.1 • 5Estonia 9.4 • 5Spain 9.7 • 5Portugal 9.8 • 5Ireland 9.8 • 5Andorra 10.1 • DDenmark 11.0 • DBrazil 11.4 • pUruguay 11.5 • DMarshall Islands 11.9 • pFrance 12.4 • DUnited Kingdom 12.4 • DEcuador 12.8 • DSwitzerland 12.9 • LPanama 13.2 • pSeychelles 13.2 • 5Japan 13.3 • pArgentina 13.4 • 5Greece 13.5 • DDominica 13.6 • pBahamas, The 13.7 • pPapua New Guinea 13.9 • pSão Tomé and Principe 13.9 • pAntigua and Barbuda 13.9 • pSt. Lucia 14.0 • pGermany 14.0 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 14.2 • p


14.3 • p

Netherlands 14.6 • 5Paraguay 14.9 • pMauritius 15.0 • pGrenada 15.1 • p

Barbados 15.4 • pIndonesia 15.4 • pMalaysia 15.6 • pBelgium 15.6 • 5Malta 15.7 • LKenya 16.3 • pLuxembourg 16.6 • 5Russian Federation 16.6 • DKyrgyz Republic 16.9 • pJamaica 17.0 • pAustria 17.0 • 5Comoros 17.1 • pGuyana 17.4 • pBotswana 17.5 • pAlbania 17.9 • 5Cuba 18.0 • pColombia 18.0 • pCyprus 18.3 • pSuriname 18.5 • pSingapore 18.7 • pUkraine 18.9 • 5Timor-Leste 18.9 • DLithuania 19.1 • DSierra Leone 19.3 • pMozambique 19.5 • pRomania 19.6 • 5Kazakhstan 19.7 • pMadagascar 19.7 • pSomalia 19.8 • pItaly 19.9 • pCosta Rica 20.1 • pMexico 20.2 • 5Slovenia 20.3 • pDominican Republic 20.4 • pLatvia 20.4 • LGeorgia 20.5 • pBelarus 20.5 • 5Slovak Republic 20.5 • pMoldova 20.6 • 5Chile 20.9 • pIsrael 21.1 • pCzech Republic 21.4 • 5Serbia 21.4 • 5Namibia 21.4 • peSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 21.6 • pCroatia 21.8 • pGuinea 22.6 • pZimbabwe 22.9 • pGhana 23.0 • p




The percentage of the urban population with access to improved drinking water piped on premises. An “improved” drinking-water source is one that, by the nature of its construction and when properly used, adequately protects the source from outside contamination, particularly fecal matter.Source: WHO and UNICEF (2018) Year of reference: 2007–2015

Improved water source, piped (% urban population with access)

Peru 89.1 • 5Gambia 89.1 • DLesotho 88.8 • DMoldova 87.6 • DJordan 87.4 • pComoros 87.0 • LBurundi 86.9 • DGuyana 86.3 • DTonga 86.2 • pEthiopia 86.0 • 5Cuba 85.8 • 5Senegal 85.6 • pThailand 83.9 • DDominican Republic 83.7 • pUkraine 83.5 • pCongo 82.6 • 5Algeria 81.9 • pMalawi 80.6 • 5United Arab Emirates 80.4 • ••Mali 79.1 • LTurkmenistan 78.7 • pVietnam 78.4 • LSuriname 77.4 • pSamoa 76.6 • pYemen, Rep. 75.9 • DBurkina Faso 75.8 • pSri Lanka 75.4 • pLao PDR 72.9 • LSolomon Islands 72.6 • 5Rwanda 72.6 • 5Cambodia 71.8 • LMozambique 71.7 • DKiribati 71.0 • 5Zimbabwe 71.0 • pPapua New Guinea 70.9 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 70.2 • 5Eritrea 69.0 • 5India 68.7 • pNauru 68.4 • 5Madagascar 68.3 • 5Sudan 67.1 • DZambia 66.3 • pTimor-Leste 66.0 • DGuinea 65.5 • pMauritania 63.0 • D


62.7 • 5

Somalia 62.0 • LCameroon 61.5 • p

Kenya 61.4 • pNepal 60.0 • pTanzania 58.9 • pPhilippines 58.8 • pBenin 56.6 • pVanuatu 56.2 • pUganda 56.0 • pPakistan 55.4 • pAngola 54.9 • DChad 53.0 • pMyanmar 51.9 • DTogo 48.1 • pEquatorial Guinea 48.1 • 5Sierra Leone 43.4 • pCentral African Republic 42.9 • pGhana 42.2 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 41.9 • ••Bangladesh 37.9 • 5Guinea-Bissau 35.6 • pMongolia 34.8 • pAfghanistan 30.5 • 5Indonesia 25.3 • pHaiti 25.0 • pMarshall Islands 15.1 • 5Nigeria 13.5 • pSouth Sudan 12.1 • 5Liberia 7.4 • pAntigua and Barbuda NA • ••Austria NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Canada NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Japan NA • ••Korea, Rep. NA • ••Kuwait NA • ••Lebanon NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Qatar NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Saudi Arabia NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••

Andorra 100.0 • 5Belgium 100.0 • 5Chile 100.0 • 5Cyprus 100.0 • 5Denmark 100.0 • 5Finland 100.0 • 5France 100.0 • 5Germany 100.0 • 5Greece 100.0 • 5Iceland 100.0 • 5Israel 100.0 • 5Italy 100.0 • 5Luxembourg 100.0 • 5Malta 100.0 • 5Monaco 100.0 • 5Netherlands 100.0 • 5New Zealand 100.0 • 5Norway 100.0 • 5Portugal 100.0 • 5Singapore 100.0 • 5Sweden 100.0 • 5Switzerland 100.0 • 5United Kingdom 100.0 • 5Uzbekistan 100.0 • 5Hungary 100.0 • 5Palau 99.9 • 5Spain 99.9 • 5Mauritius 99.9 • 5Czech Republic 99.9 • 5Uruguay 99.9 • 5St. Lucia 99.7 • 5Estonia 99.7 • 5United States 99.6 • 5Brunei Darussalam 99.6 • 5Argentina 99.6 • 5Tuvalu 99.6 • 5Croatia 99.6 • 5Lithuania 99.6 • LBotswana 99.4 • 5Bulgaria 99.3 • 5Slovenia 99.3 • 5Costa Rica 99.2 • 5Armenia 99.1 • 5Bhutan 99.0 • 5Brazil 99.0 • LIreland 98.8 • LPoland 98.8 • 5Turkey 98.6 • 5South Africa 98.6 • 5

Malaysia 98.5 • 5


Kyrgyz Republic 97.9 • LEgypt 97.9 • pMexico 97.8 • LPanama 97.7 • LCabo Verde 97.5 • LSlovak Republic 97.2 • pSerbia 97.1 • pNamibia 97.1 • pFiji 97.0 • pGeorgia 97.0 • LEcuador 96.3 • LRussian Federation 96.3 • LBelarus 96.2 • LTunisia 96.2 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 96.1 • pHonduras 96.0 • LLatvia 96.0 • LDjibouti 96.0 • LSão Tomé and Principe 95.9 • LColombia 95.5 • pNicaragua 95.3 • LParaguay 94.9 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 94.8 • pGabon 94.5 • 5Maldives 94.3 • LMorocco 94.1 • pMontenegro 94.1 • pEl Salvador 93.7 • DKorea, Dem. Rep. 93.5 • 5Belize 93.4 • LJamaica 92.9 • peSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 92.9 • LAzerbaijan 92.7 • LKazakhstan 92.6 • 5Australia 92.4 • DAlbania 92.4 • pOman 92.1 • LGuatemala 90.5 • pVenezuela, RB 90.4 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 90.2 • pRomania 90.1 • ••China 90.0 • 5Niger 89.8 • LBolivia 89.6 • pIraq 89.5 • pTajikistan 89.5 • p




The percentage of the surveyed population that responded “Yes” to the question “In the city or area where you live, are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the public transportation systems?”Source: Gallup (2018) Year of reference: 2011–2017

Satisfaction with public transport (%)

Mongolia 56 • LPeru 56 • DTanzania 56 • LTrinidad and Tobago 56 • pVietnam 56 • pIreland 55 • DPoland 55 • pPortugal 55 • pMorocco 54 • LNamibia 54 • ••Armenia 53 • pCongo 53 • pZambia 53 • pMadagascar 52 • pAlbania 51 • pChad 50 • 5


Ghana 50 • pNiger 50 • DBelize 49 • ••Brazil 49 • pCyprus 49 • DParaguay 49 • 5Afghanistan 48 • LGreece 48 • pLesotho 47 • LLibya 47 • ••New Zealand 47 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 45 • pMalawi 45 • 5Mali 45 • DMontenegro 45 • pComoros 44 • ••Mozambique 44 • DTunisia 44 • pUganda 43 • DCameroon 42 • 5Senegal 42 • LBenin 41 • L

Democratic Republic of Congo 41 • L

Ethiopia 41 • ••Italy 41 • pYemen, Rep. 40 • pTogo 38 • LGuinea 36 • DBurkina Faso 35 • DCôte d'Ivoire 35 • L

Burundi 33 • ••Sudan 33 • ••Angola 32 • ••Mauritania 31 • pVenezuela, RB 28 • pSierra Leone 27 • 5Gabon 26 • DLiberia 26 • DCentral African Republic 25 • pHaiti 21 • 5South Sudan 18 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 15 • pCuba 8 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Gambia NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines


Singapore 85 • 5Switzerland 84 • 5Uzbekistan 84 • 5Luxembourg 82 • 5Tajikistan 82 • 5United Arab Emirates 78 • 5Honduras 77 • LMyanmar 76 • ••Bhutan 75 • ••Costa Rica 75 • pKorea, Rep. 75 • LIndia 74 • LNicaragua 74 • LBahrain 73 • pBangladesh 73 • LGeorgia 73 • pIndonesia 73 • LOman 73 • ••Suriname 73 • ••China 72 • LEcuador 72 • LEl Salvador 72 • pGermany 72 • LGuatemala 72 • LGuyana 72 • ••Jamaica 72 • pAustria 71 • LKyrgyz Republic 71 • DMauritius 71 • LSaudi Arabia 71 • 5United Kingdom 71 • LCambodia 70 • pCzech Republic 70 • LPhilippines 70 • pThailand 70 • 5Romania 69 • LZimbabwe 69 • LBolivia 68 • pFrance 68 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 68 • pKazakhstan 68 • LNetherlands 68 • LAzerbaijan 67 • LDominican Republic 67 • LFinland 67 • LMalaysia 67 • pSlovenia 67 • LSouth Africa 67 • LLao PDR 66 • p

Denmark 65 • LLatvia 65 • pQatar 65 • ••Estonia 64 • LHungary 64 • LIceland 64 • ••Jordan 64 • 5Panama 64 • 5Sweden 64 • LUkraine 64 • 5Botswana 63 • LEgypt 63 • LNepal 63 • LRussian Federation 63 • pSpain 63 • pSri Lanka 63 • pNorway 62 • ••Somalia 62 • ••Belarus 61 • pBelgium 61 • pCanada 61 • pDjibouti 61 • ••Israel 61 • 5Kuwait 61 • pMoldova 61 • 5Pakistan 61 • 5Lebanon 60 • pMexico 60 • 5Rwanda 60 • LSlovak Republic 60 • LUnited States 60 • 5Algeria 59 • pAustralia 59 • 5Colombia 59 • pCroatia 59 • LNigeria 59 • pSerbia 59 • pArgentina 58 • pBulgaria 58 • LeSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 58 • ••Kenya 58 • DTurkmenistan 58 • 5Uruguay 58 • pIraq 57 • LTurkey 57 • pChile 56 • pJapan 56 • pLithuania 56 • DMalta 56 • L




Percentage of the population living in households where the total housing costs (‘net’ of housing allowances) represent more than 40 % of disposable income (‘net’ of housing allowances).Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2014

Rent overburden rate (%)(OECD Member States)

Korea, Rep. 3.5 • ••Germany 5.1 • ••Slovak Republic 5.2 • ••Latvia 5.5 • ••Slovenia 5.9 • ••Switzerland 6.3 • ••Austria 6.4 • ••Mexico 7.7 • ••Poland 8.0 • ••Estonia 8.3 • ••Finland 8.4 • ••Sweden 9.1 • ••Netherlands 9.3 • ••Belgium 9.9 • ••Australia 10.0 • ••Hungary 10.2 • ••Canada 10.2 • ••Norway 10.6 • ••

Ireland 11.1 • ••Italy 11.4 • ••Czech Republic 11.6 • ••Portugal 11.8 • ••United Kingdom 12.2 • ••France 12.4 • ••United States 15.8 • ••Japan 16.0 • ••Luxembourg 17.3 • ••Spain 17.4 • ••Denmark 18.0 • ••Iceland 19.5 • ••Chile 23.4 • ••Greece 25.6 • ••Israel NA • ••New Zealand NA • ••Turkey NA • ••




The annual amount of waste collected by or on behalf of municipal authorities and disposed of through the waste management system, expressed in kilogram per capita. Waste from agriculture and from industries are not included.Source: World Bank (2012) Year of reference: 2012

Municipal solid waste (kg/year/capita)(Non OECD Member States)

Malaysia 1.5 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 1.6 • ••United Arab Emirates 1.7 • ••Georgia 1.7 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1.7 • ••Thailand 1.8 • ••Malta 1.8 • ••Guatemala 2.0 • ••South Africa 2.0 • ••Cyprus 2.1 • ••Fiji 2.1 • ••Comoros 2.2 • ••Mauritius 2.3 • ••Maldives 2.5 • ••Grenada 2.7 • ••Belize 2.9 • ••Seychelles 3.0 • ••Bahamas, The 3.3 • ••Vanuatu 3.3 • ••Tonga 3.7 • ••Solomon Islands 4.3 • ••St. Lucia 4.4 • ••Barbados 4.8 • ••Sri Lanka 5.1 • ••Guyana 5.3 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 5.5 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 5.5 • ••Kuwait 5.7 • ••Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••Cambodia NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Guinea NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Kazakhstan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Liberia NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Moldova NA • ••

Monaco NA • ••Montenegro NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Ukraine NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Yemen, Rep. NA • ••

Ghana 0.1 • ••Uruguay 0.1 • ••Nepal 0.1 • ••Mozambique 0.1 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.2 • ••Jamaica 0.2 • ••Paraguay 0.2 • ••Zambia 0.2 • ••Tanzania 0.3 • ••Croatia 0.3 • ••Ethiopia 0.3 • ••Kenya 0.3 • ••Bolivia 0.3 • ••India 0.3 • ••Uganda 0.3 • ••Bangladesh 0.4 • ••Myanmar 0.4 • ••Gabon 0.5 • ••Sierra Leone 0.5 • ••Angola 0.5 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 0.5 • ••Niger 0.5 • ••São Tomé and Principe 0.5 • ••Cabo Verde 0.5 • ••Central African Republic 0.5 • ••Chad 0.5 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 0.5 • ••Eritrea 0.5 • ••Lesotho 0.5 • ••Malawi 0.5 • ••Mauritania 0.5 • ••Namibia 0.5 • ••Philippines 0.5 • ••Burkina Faso 0.5 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 0.5 • ••Indonesia 0.5 • ••Rwanda 0.5 • ••Senegal 0.5 • ••Togo 0.5 • ••Congo 0.5 • ••Gambia 0.5 • ••Zimbabwe 0.5 • ••Benin 0.5 • ••Burundi 0.6 • ••Nigeria 0.6 • ••Mali 0.7 • ••Mongolia 0.7 • ••Armenia 0.7 • ••

Lao PDR 0.7 • ••Oman 0.7 • ••Albania 0.8 • ••Cameroon 0.8 • ••Belarus 0.8 • ••Serbia 0.8 • ••Sudan 0.8 • ••Madagascar 0.8 • ••Cuba 0.8 • ••Tunisia 0.8 • ••Pakistan 0.8 • ••Brunei Darussalam 0.9 • ••Tajikistan 0.9 • ••Russian Federation 0.9 • ••Colombia 1.0 • ••Turkmenistan 1.0 • ••Haiti 1.0 • ••Peru 1.0 • ••China 1.0 • ••Botswana 1.0 • ••Brazil 1.0 • ••Jordan 1.0 • ••Romania 1.0 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 1.1 • ••Bahrain 1.1 • ••Lithuania 1.1 • ••Nicaragua 1.1 • ••Ecuador 1.1 • ••El Salvador 1.1 • ••Venezuela, RB 1.1 • ••Dominican Republic 1.2 • ••Lebanon 1.2 • ••Algeria 1.2 • ••Panama 1.2 • ••Argentina 1.2 • ••Dominica 1.2 • ••Bulgaria 1.3 • ••Saudi Arabia 1.3 • ••Qatar 1.3 • ••Costa Rica 1.4 • ••Suriname 1.4 • ••Egypt 1.4 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 1.4 • ••Honduras 1.5 • ••Bhutan 1.5 • ••Morocco 1.5 • ••Vietnam 1.5 • ••Singapore 1.5 • ••




Waste from electrical and electronic equipment that is generated, expressed in kilos per capita. Estimated based on figures for domestic production, imports and exports of electronic products, as well as product lifespan data.Source: UNU-IAS (2015) Year of reference: 2014

E-waste generated (kg/capita)

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 6.1 • ••Guyana 6.1 • ••Maldives 6.1 • ••Thailand 6.4 • ••Belize 6.5 • ••Turkey 6.5 • ••South Africa 6.6 • ••Argentina 7.0 • ••Brazil 7.0 • ••Montenegro 7.1 • ••Serbia 7.3 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 7.4 • ••Costa Rica 7.5 • ••Gabon 7.6 • ••Malaysia 7.6 • ••Venezuela, RB 7.6 • ••Belarus 7.7 • ••Kazakhstan 7.7 • ••Mexico 8.2 • ••Panama 8.2 • ••Botswana 8.3 • ••Libya 8.3 • ••Suriname 8.5 • ••Russian Federation 8.7 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 9.0 • ••Romania 9.2 • ••Mauritius 9.3 • ••Lebanon 9.4 • ••Uruguay 9.5 • ••Dominica 9.7 • ••Chile 9.9 • ••St. Lucia 9.9 • ••Grenada 10.0 • ••Poland 10.0 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 10.1 • ••Bulgaria 10.7 • ••Latvia 10.7 • ••Croatia 10.8 • ••Equatorial Guinea 10.8 • ••Seychelles 10.9 • ••Lithuania 11.4 • ••Slovak Republic 11.4 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 11.6 • ••Saudi Arabia 12.5 • ••Hungary 12.6 • ••Bahrain 12.9 • ••Barbados 13.2 • ••Estonia 14.0 • ••

Oman 14.0 • ••Malta 14.6 • ••Czech Republic 14.8 • ••Slovenia 15.0 • ••Greece 15.1 • ••Korea, Rep. 15.9 • ••Portugal 16.1 • ••Cyprus 16.3 • ••Qatar 16.3 • ••Israel 17.2 • ••Kuwait 17.2 • ••United Arab Emirates 17.2 • ••Japan 17.3 • ••Italy 17.6 • ••Spain 17.7 • ••Brunei Darussalam 18.1 • ••New Zealand 19.0 • ••Bahamas, The 19.1 • ••Singapore 19.6 • ••Ireland 19.8 • ••Australia 20.0 • ••Canada 20.4 • ••Luxembourg 21.0 • ••Belgium 21.4 • ••Finland 21.4 • ••Germany 21.6 • ••Austria 22.0 • ••France 22.1 • ••United States 22.1 • ••Sweden 22.2 • ••Netherlands 23.3 • ••United Kingdom 23.5 • ••Denmark 24.0 • ••Iceland 26.0 • ••Switzerland 26.3 • ••Norway 28.3 • ••Andorra NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••

Burundi 0.2 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 0.2 • ••Liberia 0.2 • ••Malawi 0.2 • ••Niger 0.2 • ••Afghanistan 0.3 • ••Central African Republic 0.3 • ••Eritrea 0.3 • ••Madagascar 0.3 • ••Zimbabwe 0.3 • ••Myanmar 0.4 • ••Sierra Leone 0.4 • ••Ethiopia 0.5 • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.5 • ••Nepal 0.5 • ••Tanzania 0.5 • ••Burkina Faso 0.6 • ••Haiti 0.6 • ••Mali 0.6 • ••Rwanda 0.6 • ••Comoros 0.7 • ••Mozambique 0.7 • ••Bangladesh 0.8 • ••Chad 0.8 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 0.8 • ••Guinea 0.8 • ••Tajikistan 0.8 • ••Togo 0.8 • ••Benin 0.9 • ••Cameroon 0.9 • ••Lesotho 0.9 • ••Mauritania 0.9 • ••Senegal 0.9 • ••Uganda 0.9 • ••Zambia 0.9 • ••Cambodia 1.0 • ••Kenya 1.0 • ••Papua New Guinea 1.1 • ••Djibouti 1.2 • ••Gambia 1.2 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 1.2 • ••Lao PDR 1.2 • ••São Tomé and Principe 1.2 • ••Sudan 1.2 • ••Yemen, Rep. 1.2 • ••India 1.3 • ••Nigeria 1.3 • ••Philippines 1.3 • ••

Vietnam 1.3 • ••Ghana 1.4 • ••Pakistan 1.4 • ••Uzbekistan 1.5 • ••Solomon Islands 1.6 • ••Nicaragua 1.7 • ••Tuvalu 1.7 • ••Honduras 1.8 • ••Moldova 1.8 • ••Mongolia 1.8 • ••Cabo Verde 2.0 • ••Congo 2.5 • ••Vanuatu 2.9 • ••Angola 3.0 • ••Indonesia 3.0 • ••Iraq 3.1 • ••Fiji 3.3 • ••Guatemala 3.5 • ••Bhutan 3.7 • ••Morocco 3.7 • ••Kiribati 3.9 • ••Turkmenistan 3.9 • ••Bolivia 4.0 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 4.0 • ••Samoa 4.0 • ••Timor-Leste 4.1 • ••Sri Lanka 4.2 • ••Egypt 4.3 • ••China 4.4 • ••Jordan 4.5 • ••Armenia 4.6 • ••Ecuador 4.6 • ••Georgia 4.6 • ••Peru 4.7 • ••El Salvador 4.8 • ••Algeria 4.9 • ••Paraguay 4.9 • ••Namibia 5.0 • ••Tunisia 5.0 • ••Azerbaijan 5.1 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.3 • ••Colombia 5.3 • ••Dominican Republic 5.4 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 5.4 • ••Tonga 5.4 • ••Marshall Islands 5.5 • ••Ukraine 5.7 • ••Jamaica 5.8 • ••Albania 6.1 • ••




The percentage of collected, generated, or produced wastewater that is treated, normalized by the population connected to centralized wastewater treatment facilities. Scores were calculated by multiplying the wastewater treatment summary values, based on decadal averages, with the sewerage connection values to arrive at an overall total percentage of wastewater treated.Source: EPI (2018) Year of reference: 2016

Percentage of anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%)

Belize 2.3 • ••Tajikistan 2.3 • ••Uruguay 2.3 • ••India 2.2 • ••Honduras 1.8 • ••Tanzania 1.4 • ••Ghana 1.4 • ••Equatorial Guinea 1.3 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 1.2 • ••Guinea 1.1 • ••El Salvador 1.0 • ••Botswana 1.0 • ••Paraguay 0.7 • ••Mozambique 0.7 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 0.6 • ••Senegal 0.5 • ••Kenya 0.5 • ••Uganda 0.4 • ••Lesotho 0.3 • ••Timor-Leste 0.3 • ••Dominica 0.3 • ••Vietnam 0.2 • ••Congo 0.2 • ••Nigeria 0.2 • ••Pakistan 0.1 • ••Indonesia 0.0 • ••Benin 0.0 • ••Suriname 0.0 • ••Afghanistan 0.0 • ••Angola 0.0 • ••Bangladesh 0.0 • ••Bhutan 0.0 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0 • ••Burkina Faso 0.0 • ••Burundi 0.0 • ••Cambodia 0.0 • ••Cameroon 0.0 • ••Central African Republic 0.0 • ••Chad 0.0 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 0.0 • ••Djibouti 0.0 • ••Ecuador 0.0 • ••Eritrea 0.0 • ••Ethiopia 0.0 • ••Gabon 0.0 • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.0 • ••Guyana 0.0 • ••

Haiti 0.0 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • ••Lao PDR 0.0 • ••Liberia 0.0 • ••Madagascar 0.0 • ••Malawi 0.0 • ••Mali 0.0 • ••Marshall Islands 0.0 • ••Mauritania 0.0 • ••Myanmar 0.0 • ••Nepal 0.0 • ••Nicaragua 0.0 • ••Niger 0.0 • ••Papua New Guinea 0.0 • ••Rwanda 0.0 • ••Sierra Leone 0.0 • ••Solomon Islands 0.0 • ••Sri Lanka 0.0 • ••Sudan 0.0 • ••Togo 0.0 • ••Uzbekistan 0.0 • ••Yemen, Rep. 0.0 • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Gambia NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Lebanon NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines


Malta 100.0 • ••Monaco 100.0 • ••Singapore 100.0 • ••Netherlands 99.1 • ••United Kingdom 98.3 • ••Andorra 98.0 • ••Luxembourg 97.8 • ••Spain 97.4 • ••Switzerland 97.0 • ••Germany 96.8 • ••Israel 95.4 • ••Australia 95.0 • ••Austria 91.9 • ••Chile 87.5 • ••Sweden 87.0 • ••Denmark 86.7 • ••Korea, Rep. 84.8 • ••Belgium 83.8 • ••Greece 81.1 • ••Belarus 79.7 • ••Italy 79.6 • ••Finland 75.9 • ••Kuwait 75.0 • ••United Arab Emirates 75.0 • ••Bahrain 72.7 • ••Russian Federation 72.7 • ••Estonia 71.9 • ••Canada 71.4 • ••Latvia 71.1 • ••New Zealand 70.2 • ••Qatar 70.0 • ••Norway 69.9 • ••Czech Republic 67.8 • ••France 66.4 • ••Iceland 60.1 • ••Japan 57.8 • ••Bulgaria 57.2 • ••Portugal 56.6 • ••Lithuania 54.9 • ••Hungary 54.6 • ••United States 50.4 • ••Poland 49.4 • ••Turkey 48.8 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 48.0 • ••Algeria 46.1 • ••Mexico 45.6 • ••Ireland 44.4 • ••Dominican Republic 40.4 • ••Slovak Republic 39.6 • ••

Slovenia 34.7 • ••Peru 34.6 • ••Tunisia 33.6 • ••South Africa 32.5 • ••Saudi Arabia 32.5 • ••Croatia 29.0 • ••Egypt 28.4 • ••Morocco 26.0 • ••Armenia 24.0 • ••Romania 22.8 • ••Moldova 21.0 • ••Malaysia 19.6 • ••Cabo Verde 19.4 • ••Jordan 18.6 • ••Montenegro 18.5 • ••Georgia 18.2 • ••Brazil 17.5 • ••Venezuela, RB 17.0 • ••Albania 16.9 • ••China 16.1 • ••Kazakhstan 15.6 • ••Cyprus 14.9 • ••Ukraine 14.1 • ••Panama 13.3 • ••Colombia 12.2 • ••Thailand 12.1 • ••Jamaica 12.0 • ••Azerbaijan 11.0 • ••Zimbabwe 10.4 • ••Turkmenistan 9.8 • ••Libya 9.6 • ••Mauritius 8.4 • ••Guatemala 8.0 • ••Cuba 8.0 • ••Argentina 7.7 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 6.8 • ••Iraq 6.4 • ••Namibia 6.3 • ••Oman 5.4 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 4.2 • ••Zambia 4.2 • ••Fiji 3.9 • ••Costa Rica 3.9 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 3.7 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 3.7 • ••Bolivia 3.5 • ••Mongolia 3.3 • ••Serbia 2.6 • ••Philippines 2.6 • ••




SO2 emissions associated with the production of goods and services, which are then either exported or consumed domestically. The health impacts of outdoor air pollution are felt locally as well as in neighbouring regions, due to transboundary atmospheric transport of the pollutants.Source: Zhang et al. (2017) Year of reference: 2010

Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita)

Uzbekistan 7.9 • ••Tajikistan 7.9 • ••Qatar 7.9 • ••Brazil 8.0 • ••Slovenia 8.1 • ••Thailand 8.4 • ••Libya 8.5 • ••Algeria 8.5 • ••Panama 8.5 • ••Hungary 8.6 • ••El Salvador 8.9 • ••Malaysia 9.1 • ••Azerbaijan 9.6 • ••United Kingdom 9.7 • ••Venezuela, RB 9.8 • ••Argentina 9.8 • ••Belarus 9.9 • ••Ireland 10.9 • ••Belgium 11.2 • ••Portugal 11.4 • ••Morocco 12.2 • ••Lithuania 12.7 • ••United Arab Emirates 13.9 • ••New Zealand 14.3 • ••Korea, Rep. 14.5 • ••Botswana 15.4 • ••Mexico 16.0 • ••Croatia 16.9 • ••Tunisia 17.2 • ••Finland 17.6 • ••Slovak Republic 17.8 • ••Czech Republic 21.1 • ••Turkey 22.4 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 22.4 • ••Mongolia 24.1 • ••Spain 25.1 • ••China 25.5 • ••Bahrain 25.7 • ••Mauritius 28.1 • ••Cyprus 29.6 • ••Romania 30.9 • ••Ukraine 31.7 • ••Malta 32.1 • ••Poland 32.1 • ••Zambia 33.5 • ••Singapore 34.3 • ••United States 34.9 • ••Namibia 37.3 • ••Oman 39.3 • ••

Russian Federation 39.7 • ••Peru 40.1 • ••Greece 45.3 • ••Chile 50.0 • ••Canada 55.9 • ••Israel 56.3 • ••South Africa 57.2 • ••Saudi Arabia 57.9 • ••Australia 65.4 • ••Estonia 68.3 • ••Bulgaria 98.2 • ••Kazakhstan 155.0 • ••Kuwait 176.3 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Belize NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Dominican Republic NA • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Haiti NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Jamaica NA • ••Jordan NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Lebanon NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Montenegro NA • ••Nauru NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••Yemen, Rep. NA • ••

Ethiopia 0.4 • ••Uganda 0.4 • ••Tanzania 0.5 • ••Malawi 0.6 • ••Madagascar 0.7 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 0.7 • ••Armenia 0.7 • ••Nigeria 0.7 • ••Mozambique 0.8 • ••Guinea 0.8 • ••Mauritania 0.8 • ••Sierra Leone 0.8 • ••Togo 0.8 • ••Benin 0.8 • ••Burkina Faso 0.8 • ••Cabo Verde 0.8 • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.8 • ••Liberia 0.8 • ••Mali 0.8 • ••Niger 0.8 • ••Gambia 0.8 • ••Angola 0.8 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 0.8 • ••Bhutan 0.9 • ••Afghanistan 0.9 • ••Maldives 0.9 • ••Bangladesh 0.9 • ••Central African Republic 0.9 • ••Equatorial Guinea 0.9 • ••Gabon 0.9 • ••Chad 0.9 • ••Congo 0.9 • ••São Tomé and Principe 0.9 • ••Paraguay 0.9 • ••Cameroon 1.0 • ••Burundi 1.1 • ••Seychelles 1.1 • ••Djibouti 1.1 • ••Eritrea 1.1 • ••Rwanda 1.1 • ••Sudan 1.1 • ••Comoros 1.1 • ••Somalia 1.1 • ••Nepal 1.1 • ••Kenya 1.3 • ••Brunei Darussalam 1.4 • ••Myanmar 1.4 • ••Timor-Leste 1.4 • ••

Georgia 1.6 • ••Cambodia 1.6 • ••Switzerland 1.7 • ••Ghana 2.0 • ••Senegal 2.2 • ••Latvia 2.3 • ••Lao PDR 2.5 • ••Colombia 2.5 • ••Bolivia 2.5 • ••Philippines 2.9 • ••Vietnam 3.2 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 3.3 • ••Lesotho 3.3 • ••Sweden 3.7 • ••Netherlands 3.8 • ••Costa Rica 3.9 • ••Austria 3.9 • ••Norway 4.3 • ••Denmark 4.3 • ••Indonesia 4.5 • ••Luxembourg 4.8 • ••Pakistan 5.0 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 5.0 • ••Guatemala 5.2 • ••Nicaragua 5.5 • ••Ecuador 5.9 • ••Italy 5.9 • ••India 6.2 • ••Fiji 6.7 • ••Kiribati 6.7 • ••Marshall Islands 6.7 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 6.7 • ••Tonga 6.7 • ••Tuvalu 6.7 • ••Papua New Guinea 6.7 • ••Samoa 6.7 • ••Solomon Islands 6.7 • ••Vanuatu 6.7 • ••Palau 6.7 • ••Sri Lanka 6.8 • ••Japan 6.9 • ••Germany 7.0 • ••France 7.2 • ••Zimbabwe 7.5 • ••Egypt 7.6 • ••Honduras 7.6 • ••Uruguay 7.6 • ••Albania 7.8 • ••Turkmenistan 7.9 • ••




Net imports of SO2 emissions associated with the trade in goods and services. These have severe health impacts and are a significant cause of premature mortality worldwide. Trade in goods mean that health impacts of air pollution occur far away from the point of consumption.Source: Zhang et al. (2017) Year of reference: 2010

Net imported SO2 emissions (kg/capita)

Azerbaijan 0.5 • ••Afghanistan 0.5 • ••Bhutan 0.5 • ••Maldives 0.5 • ••Burundi 0.6 • ••Djibouti 0.6 • ••Seychelles 0.6 • ••Sudan 0.6 • ••Comoros 0.6 • ••Eritrea 0.6 • ••Rwanda 0.6 • ••Somalia 0.6 • ••Cambodia 0.6 • ••Nigeria 0.6 • ••Kenya 0.6 • ••Senegal 0.7 • ••Libya 0.7 • ••Algeria 0.7 • ••Mauritania 0.7 • ••Sierra Leone 0.7 • ••Benin 0.7 • ••Cabo Verde 0.7 • ••Guinea 0.7 • ••Liberia 0.7 • ••Mali 0.7 • ••Togo 0.7 • ••Burkina Faso 0.7 • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.7 • ••Niger 0.7 • ••Gambia 0.7 • ••Central African Republic 0.7 • ••Congo 0.7 • ••Equatorial Guinea 0.7 • ••Gabon 0.7 • ••São Tomé and Principe 0.7 • ••Chad 0.7 • ••Honduras 0.7 • ••El Salvador 0.7 • ••Bolivia 0.8 • ••Sri Lanka 0.9 • ••Nicaragua 0.9 • ••Ghana 1.0 • ••Vietnam 1.1 • ••Guatemala 1.2 • ••Malaysia 1.2 • ••Ecuador 1.4 • ••Moldova 1.5 • ••Belarus 1.6 • ••Colombia 1.7 • ••

Oman 2.0 • ••Czech Republic 2.6 • ••Paraguay 2.6 • ••Uruguay 2.8 • ••Turkey 3.1 • ••Costa Rica 3.2 • ••Armenia 4.2 • ••Georgia 4.5 • ••Panama 4.9 • ••Slovak Republic 5.2 • ••Hungary 7.4 • ••Singapore 7.7 • ••Albania 7.8 • ••Portugal 8.5 • ••Spain 8.7 • ••Botswana 10.0 • ••Lithuania 10.6 • ••New Zealand 10.9 • ••Korea, Rep. 11.2 • ••Malta 11.6 • ••Croatia 11.7 • ••Japan 12.1 • ••France 13.8 • ••United States 15.4 • ••Greece 16.8 • ••Slovenia 17.4 • ••Germany 17.5 • ••Italy 17.9 • ••Latvia 18.7 • ••Sweden 19.0 • ••Austria 20.1 • ••United Kingdom 20.2 • ••Netherlands 20.8 • ••Finland 21.1 • ••Ireland 22.0 • ••Cyprus 23.2 • ••Qatar 23.8 • ••Denmark 24.8 • ••Belgium 30.1 • ••Norway 34.2 • ••Switzerland 34.4 • ••United Arab Emirates 58.4 • ••Luxembourg 60.9 • ••Iceland NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••San Marino NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••

Kazakhstan -52.0 • ••Peru -33.3 • ••Zambia -31.8 • ••Chile -31.3 • ••Bulgaria -31.0 • ••South Africa -22.2 • ••Namibia -20.7 • ••Australia -16.8 • ••Canada -15.3 • ••Kuwait -11.1 • ••Andorra -10.9 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) -10.9 • ••Montenegro -10.9 • ••Serbia -10.9 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina -10.9 • ••Russian Federation -10.5 • ••Ukraine -10.2 • ••Saudi Arabia -10.1 • ••Tunisia -6.7 • ••China -5.7 • ••Estonia -4.5 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. -3.1 • ••Tajikistan -3.1 • ••Turkmenistan -3.1 • ••Uzbekistan -3.1 • ••Suriname -3.0 • ••Guyana -3.0 • ••Zimbabwe -2.2 • ••Mongolia -1.9 • ••Bahrain -1.8 • ••Israel -1.7 • ••Argentina -1.6 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. -1.5 • ••Iraq -1.4 • ••Syrian Arab Republic -1.4 • ••Yemen, Rep. -1.4 • ••Jordan -1.4 • ••Lebanon -1.4 • ••Mexico -1.3 • ••Romania -1.2 • ••Palau -1.0 • ••Samoa -1.0 • ••Solomon Islands -1.0 • ••Fiji -1.0 • ••Kiribati -1.0 • ••Marshall Islands -1.0 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. -1.0 • ••Papua New Guinea -1.0 • ••

Tonga -1.0 • ••Tuvalu -1.0 • ••Vanuatu -1.0 • ••Poland -1.0 • ••Lao PDR -0.7 • ••Barbados -0.7 • ••Cuba -0.7 • ••Dominica -0.7 • ••Dominican Republic -0.7 • ••Haiti -0.7 • ••St. Lucia -0.7 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines -0.7 • ••Antigua and Barbuda -0.7 • ••Bahamas, The -0.7 • ••Grenada -0.7 • ••Jamaica -0.7 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis -0.7 • ••Trinidad and Tobago -0.7 • ••Venezuela, RB -0.7 • ••Thailand -0.6 • ••Egypt -0.6 • ••Belize -0.4 • ••India -0.4 • ••Lesotho -0.1 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) -0.1 • ••Mauritius -0.1 • ••Morocco 0.0 • ••Indonesia 0.1 • ••Cameroon 0.1 • ••Brazil 0.1 • ••Madagascar 0.2 • ••Uganda 0.2 • ••Mozambique 0.3 • ••Angola 0.3 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo

0.3 • ••Philippines 0.3 • ••Ethiopia 0.3 • ••Malawi 0.3 • ••Bangladesh 0.4 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 0.4 • ••Tanzania 0.4 • ••Brunei Darussalam 0.4 • ••Myanmar 0.4 • ••Timor-Leste 0.4 • ••Pakistan 0.4 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0.4 • ••Nepal 0.5 • ••




Reactive nitrogen emitted during the production of commodities, which are then either exported or consumed domestically. Reactive nitrogen corresponds to emissions of ammonia, nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide to the atmosphere, and of reactive nitrogen potentially exportable to water bodies, all of which can be harmful to human health and the environment.Source: Oita et al. (2016) Year of reference: 2010

Korea, Rep. 33.9 • ••Barbados 33.9 • ••Slovenia 34.7 • ••Niger 34.8 • ••Japan 36.4 • ••Somalia 37.0 • ••Latvia 37.0 • ••Mauritius 37.5 • ••Estonia 38.0 • ••Iceland 38.2 • ••Italy 38.3 • ••Saudi Arabia 39.5 • ••Romania 39.5 • ••Slovak Republic 40.2 • ••Argentina 40.4 • ••Mongolia 40.5 • ••Belgium 40.9 • ••Sweden 41.6 • ••Germany 42.3 • ••Portugal 42.8 • ••Qatar 42.9 • ••Bolivia 43.4 • ••Finland 43.7 • ••New Zealand 43.9 • ••Lithuania 44.4 • ••Denmark 45.4 • ••Ireland 46.7 • ••Malta 47.1 • ••Kazakhstan 47.3 • ••Spain 47.4 • ••Netherlands 47.7 • ••Cyprus 48.0 • ••France 48.1 • ••Austria 48.7 • ••United Kingdom 50.9 • ••Brazil 52.6 • ••United States 56.4 • ••Norway 56.4 • ••Israel 56.7 • ••Greece 56.9 • ••Botswana 57.7 • ••Switzerland 58.4 • ••Paraguay 61.4 • ••Canada 61.7 • ••United Arab Emirates 65.2 • ••Australia 86.5 • ••Uruguay 89.2 • ••Kuwait 95.1 • ••Singapore 95.2 • ••

Luxembourg 139.8 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Bangladesh NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Côte d'Ivoire NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Egypt NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••Ghana NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Madagascar NA • ••Mali NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Montenegro NA • ••Morocco NA • ••Myanmar NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Nigeria NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Sudan NA • ••Tanzania NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••

Nitrogen production footprint (kg/capita)

Liberia 1.0 • ••Moldova 1.6 • ••Papua New Guinea 2.2 • ••Malawi 3.4 • ••Tajikistan 3.5 • ••Sri Lanka 3.9 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 4.3 • ••Mozambique 5.2 • ••Burundi 5.7 • ••Lao PDR 5.8 • ••Afghanistan 6.4 • ••Nepal 6.5 • ••Guatemala 8.0 • ••Togo 8.1 • ••Zambia 8.1 • ••Philippines 8.4 • ••Congo 8.7 • ••Armenia 8.8 • ••Haiti 9.0 • ••Yemen, Rep. 9.0 • ••Cambodia 9.1 • ••Cameroon 9.5 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 9.5 • ••Rwanda 9.5 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 9.6 • ••Gabon 9.8 • ••Algeria 10.8 • ••Senegal 10.8 • ••Honduras 11.4 • ••São Tomé and Principe 11.8 • ••Azerbaijan 11.9 • ••Nicaragua 12.2 • ••Sierra Leone 12.3 • ••Uganda 12.5 • ••Costa Rica 12.6 • ••Iraq 12.7 • ••Fiji 12.9 • ••Tunisia 12.9 • ••India 12.9 • ••Angola 13.1 • ••El Salvador 13.1 • ••Pakistan 13.1 • ••Jordan 13.3 • ••Gambia 13.6 • ••Vietnam 13.7 • ••Benin 13.7 • ••Georgia 14.1 • ••Indonesia 14.6 • ••

Bhutan 15.0 • ••Belize 15.3 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 15.5 • ••Albania 15.6 • ••Dominican Republic 15.9 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 16.5 • ••Eritrea 16.7 • ••Cuba 17.3 • ••Jamaica 17.3 • ••Djibouti 17.6 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 17.8 • ••Mauritania 18.3 • ••Maldives 18.5 • ••Peru 19.0 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 19.6 • ••Uzbekistan 19.9 • ••Guinea 20.0 • ••Bulgaria 20.0 • ••Libya 20.0 • ••Lesotho 20.6 • ••Burkina Faso 20.9 • ••Lebanon 21.4 • ••Vanuatu 21.7 • ••Bahrain 21.7 • ••China 22.8 • ••Croatia 23.2 • ••Ukraine 23.3 • ••Panama 23.5 • ••Ecuador 23.6 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 23.7 • ••Suriname 23.8 • ••Turkmenistan 24.1 • ••South Africa 25.1 • ••Turkey 25.2 • ••Hungary 26.2 • ••Colombia 26.2 • ••Chile 26.3 • ••Malaysia 26.7 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 27.7 • ••Mexico 27.8 • ••Kenya 27.8 • ••Venezuela, RB 27.9 • ••Oman 29.2 • ••Russian Federation 30.0 • ••Namibia 30.2 • ••Thailand 31.4 • ••Czech Republic 31.9 • ••Poland 33.2 • ••




Net imports of reactive nitrogen emitted during the production of commodities. Reactive nitrogen corresponds here to emissions of ammonia, nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide to the atmosphere, and of reactive nitrogen potentially exportable to water bodies, all of which can be harmful to human health and the environment.Source: Oita et al. (2016) Year of reference: 2010

Net imported emissions of reactive nitrogen (kg/capita)

Iceland 79.1 •Spain 81.2 •Lebanon 97.1 •Maldives 108.3 •France 122.4 •Slovenia 125.0 •Saudi Arabia 130.0 •Qatar 137.4 •Belgium 148.3 •Barbados 167.1 •Sweden 169.3 •Cyprus 170.5 •Italy 172.6 •Portugal 201.2 •Austria 203.5 •Germany 205.4 •Greece 215.0 •Netherlands 223.6 •Mauritius 226.0 •Malta 255.2 •Japan 259.9 •Norway 311.8 •Montenegro 329.3 •Israel 381.9 •Switzerland 432.4 •Kuwait 569.2 •Singapore 748.2 •Luxembourg 965.4 •Andorra NA •Antigua and Barbuda NA •Bahamas, The NA •Bangladesh NA •Belarus NA •Brunei Darussalam NA •Cabo Verde NA •Central African Republic NA •Chad NA •Comoros NA •Congo NA •Côte d'Ivoire NA •Democratic Republic of Congo NA •Dominica NA •Egypt NA •Equatorial Guinea NA •Ethiopia NA •Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA •Gambia NA •Ghana NA •

Grenada NA •Guinea-Bissau NA •Guyana NA •Iran, Islamic Rep. NA •Kiribati NA •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA •Korea, Rep. NA •Kyrgyz Republic NA •Lao PDR NA •Liechtenstein NA •Madagascar NA •Mali NA •Marshall Islands NA •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA •Monaco NA •Morocco NA •Myanmar NA •Nauru NA •Nigeria NA •Palau NA •Russian Federation NA •Samoa NA •San Marino NA •Serbia NA •Seychelles NA •Slovak Republic NA •Solomon Islands NA •South Sudan NA •St. Kitts and Nevis NA •St. Lucia NA •St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA •Sudan NA •Syrian Arab Republic NA •Tanzania NA •Timor-Leste NA •Tonga NA •Tuvalu NA •Uganda NA •United Arab Emirates NA •United Kingdom NA •United States NA •Venezuela, RB NA •Vietnam NA •Yemen, Rep. NA •Zimbabwe NA •

New Zealand -1223.4 •Mongolia -751.7 •Australia -534.3 •Mauritania -322.6 •Argentina -239.4 •Uruguay -223.6 •Turkmenistan -208.2 •Bulgaria -200.3 •Ireland -199.8 •Namibia -183.7 •Moldova -150.4 •Nicaragua -139.0 •Belize -128.7 •Denmark -115.4 •Fiji -111.3 •Cameroon -103.8 •Hungary -103.3 •Tajikistan -98.8 •Paraguay -95.3 •Senegal -94.7 •Libya -92.8 •Cambodia -92.7 •Burkina Faso -89.7 •Somalia -88.2 •Guinea -85.0 •Guatemala -84.7 •Malawi -81.1 •Togo -76.9 •Honduras -76.1 •Azerbaijan -68.3 •Pakistan -66.7 •Liberia -53.3 •Vanuatu -52.0 •Cuba -51.0 •Costa Rica -46.1 •Nepal -46.0 •Dominican Republic -45.3 •Afghanistan -44.8 •Suriname -44.2 •eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) -43.6 •Zambia -42.7 •Bolivia -42.7 •Mozambique -40.7 •Canada -35.6 •Djibouti -34.6 •Niger -31.1 •Thailand -30.3 •South Africa -26.9 •Papua New Guinea -26.1 •Tunisia -25.6 •

Sierra Leone -25.5 •Albania -24.8 •Benin -23.7 •Uzbekistan -21.4 •Bosnia and Herzegovina -19.2 •Haiti -18.7 •Sri Lanka -17.8 •Gabon -13.7 •Kazakhstan -13.6 •Algeria -13.3 •Chile -12.8 •Eritrea -12.6 •China -12.5 •Burundi -10.4 •Trinidad and Tobago -9.3 •Brazil -9.2 •India -8.7 •Kenya -7.5 •Iraq -6.1 •Ukraine -6.1 •Peru -1.4 •Angola -1.1 •Philippines 2.8 •Rwanda 3.7 •São Tomé and Principe 4.4 •El Salvador 4.5 •Panama 4.9 •Jamaica 6.4 •Ecuador 6.8 •Indonesia 7.2 •Armenia 8.2 •Poland 11.6 •Romania 18.5 •Oman 23.2 •Czech Republic 26.6 •Estonia 27.8 •Lesotho 31.2 •Colombia 32.9 •Lithuania 32.9 •Mexico 34.4 •Turkey 35.2 •Georgia 35.5 •Jordan 38.1 •Bhutan 39.0 •Croatia 53.5 •Bahrain 60.3 •Latvia 60.7 •Malaysia 65.4 •Finland 74.3 •Botswana 74.5 •




The annual amounts of municipal solid waste (MSW), including household waste, that is not recycled, expressed in kilogram per capita. This indicator is calculated by multiplying ”Municipal Solid Waste (kg/year/capita)” by one minus the recycling rate.Source: World Bank (2012); OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2012

Non-recycled municipal solid waste (MSW in kg/person/year times recycling rate)

Korea, Rep. 0.5 • ••Poland 0.6 • ••Slovenia 0.7 • ••Czech Republic 0.8 • ••Latvia 0.9 • ••Belgium 0.9 • ••Estonia 1.1 • ••Sweden 1.1 • ••Germany 1.1 • ••Slovak Republic 1.2 • ••Iceland 1.2 • ••Mexico 1.2 • ••Australia 1.3 • ••United Kingdom 1.3 • ••Japan 1.4 • ••Hungary 1.4 • ••France 1.5 • ••Finland 1.5 • ••

Italy 1.6 • ••Netherlands 1.6 • ••Turkey 1.6 • ••Luxembourg 1.6 • ••Denmark 1.7 • ••United States 1.7 • ••Greece 1.7 • ••Spain 1.7 • ••Austria 1.8 • ••Israel 1.8 • ••Switzerland 1.8 • ••Portugal 1.9 • ••Canada 1.9 • ••Norway 2.0 • ••Ireland 2.4 • ••Chile NA • ••New Zealand NA • ••




Emissions of carbon dioxide per capita that arise from the consumption of energy. This includes emissions due to the consumption of petroleum, natural gas, coal, and also from natural gas flaring.Source: Oak Ridge National Labouratory (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Energy-related CO2 emissions per capita (tCO2/capita)

Georgia 2.4 • pTunisia 2.6 • pJamaica 2.6 • LBrazil 2.6 • pGuyana 2.6 • pEcuador 2.8 • pGabon 2.8 • pJordan 3.0 • DCuba 3.0 • pBotswana 3.2 • pMaldives 3.3 • pMauritius 3.4 • pUzbekistan 3.4 • LLatvia 3.5 • 5Romania 3.5 • LMontenegro 3.6 • L


Suriname 3.6 • 5Algeria 3.7 • pMexico 3.9 • DAzerbaijan 3.9 • 5Croatia 4.0 • LNauru 4.0 • DHungary 4.3 • LLebanon 4.3 • pSt. Kitts and Nevis 4.3 • pSwitzerland 4.3 • LPortugal 4.3 • LLithuania 4.4 • 5Sweden 4.5 • DBarbados 4.5 • LTurkey 4.5 • pFrance 4.6 • LThailand 4.6 • pChile 4.7 • pEquatorial Guinea 4.7 • DArgentina 4.7 • pIraq 4.8 • pUkraine 5.0 • LSpain 5.0 • LCyprus 5.3 • LItaly 5.3 • LSerbia 5.3 • LAntigua and Barbuda 5.4 • pSeychelles 5.4 • LMalta 5.5 • DSlovak Republic 5.7 • DAndorra 5.8 • 5

Bulgaria 5.9 • DDenmark 5.9 • LVenezuela, RB 6.0 • 5Iceland 6.1 • 5Greece 6.2 • LSlovenia 6.2 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 6.2 • pBahamas, The 6.3 • pUnited Kingdom 6.5 • LBelarus 6.7 • pAustria 6.9 • DMongolia 7.1 • pIreland 7.4 • LPoland 7.5 • 5China 7.5 • pNew Zealand 7.7 • 5Israel 7.9 • DMalaysia 8.0 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 8.3 • pBelgium 8.3 • DFinland 8.7 • DGermany 8.9 • 5South Africa 9.0 • 5Czech Republic 9.2 • DLibya 9.2 • 5Norway 9.3 • DJapan 9.5 • pNetherlands 9.9 • 5Singapore 10.3 • pKorea, Rep. 11.6 • pRussian Federation 11.9 • 5Palau 12.3 • 5Turkmenistan 12.5 • pKazakhstan 14.4 • 5Estonia 14.8 • pCanada 15.1 • 5Australia 15.4 • DOman 15.4 • 5United States 16.5 • 5Luxembourg 17.4 • DSaudi Arabia 19.5 • pBrunei Darussalam 22.1 • 5United Arab Emirates 23.3 • pBahrain 23.4 • 5Kuwait 25.2 • DTrinidad and Tobago 34.2 • pQatar 45.4 • 5Monaco NA • ••San Marino NA • ••

Burundi 0.0 • 5Somalia 0.0 • 5Chad 0.1 • 5


Central African Republic 0.1 • 5Rwanda 0.1 • 5Malawi 0.1 • 5Mali 0.1 • 5Niger 0.1 • 5Ethiopia 0.1 • 5South Sudan 0.1 • ••Madagascar 0.1 • 5Eritrea 0.1 • ••Uganda 0.1 • 5Guinea-Bissau 0.2 • 5Burkina Faso 0.2 • 5Sierra Leone 0.2 • 5Comoros 0.2 • 5Guinea 0.2 • 5Liberia 0.2 • 5Tanzania 0.2 • 5Gambia 0.3 • 5Haiti 0.3 • 5Nepal 0.3 • 5Zambia 0.3 • 5Lao PDR 0.3 • 5Afghanistan 0.3 • 5Sudan 0.3 • 5Mozambique 0.3 • 5Kenya 0.3 • 5Cameroon 0.3 • 5Solomon Islands 0.4 • 5Togo 0.4 • 5Timor-Leste 0.4 • 5Myanmar 0.4 • 5Cambodia 0.4 • 5Bangladesh 0.5 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 0.5 • 5Ghana 0.5 • 5Nigeria 0.5 • 5Kiribati 0.6 • 5São Tomé and Principe 0.6 • 5Vanuatu 0.6 • 5Senegal 0.6 • 5Benin 0.6 • 5Tajikistan 0.6 • 5Congo 0.6 • 5Mauritania 0.7 • 5

Zimbabwe 0.8 • 5Djibouti 0.8 • 5Nicaragua 0.8 • 5Papua New Guinea 0.8 • 5Yemen, Rep. 0.9 • 5Paraguay 0.9 • 5Sri Lanka 0.9 • 5Pakistan 0.9 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 0.9 • 5Cabo Verde 0.9 • 5El Salvador 1.0 • 5Tuvalu 1.0 • 5Samoa 1.0 • 5Philippines 1.1 • 5Honduras 1.1 • 5Tonga 1.1 • 5Lesotho 1.2 • 5Guatemala 1.2 • 5Liechtenstein 1.2 • 5Bhutan 1.3 • 5Angola 1.3 • 5Fiji 1.3 • 5Moldova 1.4 • 5Belize 1.4 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 1.4 • 5Namibia 1.6 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 1.6 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 1.6 • LCosta Rica 1.6 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 1.6 • 5India 1.7 • 5Morocco 1.7 • 5Colombia 1.8 • 5Vietnam 1.8 • 5Indonesia 1.8 • 5Dominica 1.9 • 5Armenia 1.9 • 5


1.9 • L

Bolivia 1.9 • 5Marshall Islands 1.9 • 5Uruguay 2.0 • LAlbania 2.0 • 5Peru 2.0 • 5Dominican Republic 2.1 • LEgypt 2.2 • LPanama 2.3 • pGrenada 2.3 • LSt. Lucia 2.3 • 5




Imports of CO2 emissions embodied in goods, measured as technology-adjusted, consumption-based (TCBA) emissions minus production-based emissions. Technology-adjusted emissions data reflects the carbon efficiency of exporting sectors. If a country uses relatively CO2-intensive technologies in its export sector then it will have a higher TCBA than suggested by a simple carbon footprint.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016

Imported CO2 emissions, technology-adjusted (tCO2/capita)

Senegal 0.2 • ••Gambia 0.2 • ••Nigeria 0.2 • ••Sri Lanka 0.3 • ••Vietnam 0.3 • ••Croatia 0.3 • ••Tajikistan 0.3 • ••Vanuatu 0.3 • ••Poland 0.3 • ••Kenya 0.3 • ••Peru 0.3 • ••Zimbabwe 0.3 • ••Paraguay 0.3 • ••Armenia 0.3 • ••Argentina 0.4 • ••Brazil 0.4 • ••Samoa 0.4 • ••Fiji 0.4 • ••Jordan 0.4 • ••Costa Rica 0.4 • ••Portugal 0.5 • ••Colombia 0.5 • ••Dominican Republic 0.5 • ••Morocco 0.5 • ••El Salvador 0.5 • ••Cuba 0.5 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0.5 • ••Liechtenstein 0.5 • ••Mexico 0.6 • ••Belize 0.6 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)

0.6 • ••Djibouti 0.6 • ••Albania 0.7 • ••Latvia 0.7 • ••Turkey 0.7 • ••Belgium 0.7 • ••Suriname 0.8 • ••Bulgaria 0.8 • ••Georgia 0.8 • ••Jamaica 0.9 • ••Tunisia 0.9 • ••Panama 0.9 • ••Switzerland 0.9 • ••São Tomé and Principe 0.9 • ••Lesotho 1.0 • ••United Kingdom 1.0 • ••Sweden 1.0 • ••Lebanon 1.1 • ••

France 1.1 • ••Austria 1.1 • ••Cabo Verde 1.1 • ••Serbia 1.1 • ••Canada 1.2 • ••Turkmenistan 1.2 • ••Italy 1.2 • ••Uruguay 1.3 • ••Lithuania 1.4 • ••Monaco 1.5 • ••Greece 1.5 • ••Finland 1.6 • ••Maldives 1.6 • ••Barbados 1.7 • ••United States 1.8 • ••Cyprus 1.9 • ••Slovak Republic 2.1 • ••Montenegro 2.1 • ••United Arab Emirates 2.1 • ••Namibia 2.7 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 2.7 • ••Australia 3.2 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 3.6 • ••Mauritius 3.7 • ••Andorra 3.7 • ••Bahamas, The 3.8 • ••Singapore 4.2 • ••Botswana 4.3 • ••Seychelles 5.7 • ••San Marino 48.5 • ••Comoros NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Norway -19.5 • ••Luxembourg -9.9 • ••Brunei Darussalam -9.8 • ••Trinidad and Tobago -7.0 • ••Qatar -6.5 • ••Kuwait -5.0 • ••Ireland -3.4 • ••Estonia -3.1 • ••Czech Republic -3.0 • ••Oman -2.9 • ••Bahrain -2.4 • ••New Zealand -2.0 • ••Denmark -1.8 • ••Korea, Rep. -1.6 • ••Slovenia -1.4 • ••Netherlands -1.2 • ••Japan -1.1 • ••Israel -1.0 • ••Venezuela, RB -0.9 • ••Saudi Arabia -0.9 • ••Malaysia -0.8 • ••China -0.8 • ••Russian Federation -0.7 • ••Malta -0.6 • ••Gabon -0.6 • ••Thailand -0.5 • ••Syrian Arab Republic -0.5 • ••Germany -0.5 • ••Angola -0.4 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. -0.4 • ••Congo -0.4 • ••Kazakhstan -0.4 • ••Libya -0.4 • ••Hungary -0.3 • ••Iraq -0.3 • ••Ukraine -0.3 • ••Egypt -0.2 • ••Bolivia -0.1 • ••Chile -0.1 • ••Azerbaijan -0.1 • ••Algeria -0.1 • ••Yemen, Rep. -0.1 • ••South Africa -0.1 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. -0.1 • ••Côte d'Ivoire -0.1 • ••Belarus -0.1 • ••Myanmar 0.0 • ••Papua New Guinea 0.0 • ••Liberia 0.0 • ••

Pakistan 0.0 • ••South Sudan 0.0 • ••Uzbekistan 0.0 • ••Sudan 0.0 • ••Moldova 0.0 • ••Chad 0.0 • ••Philippines 0.0 • ••Somalia 0.0 • ••Guinea 0.0 • ••Ethiopia 0.1 • ••Haiti 0.1 • ••India 0.1 • ••Central African Republic 0.1 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 0.1 • ••Lao PDR 0.1 • ••Niger 0.1 • ••Burundi 0.1 • ••Bangladesh 0.1 • ••Eritrea 0.1 • ••Nepal 0.1 • ••Mali 0.1 • ••Afghanistan 0.1 • ••Cameroon 0.1 • ••Madagascar 0.1 • ••Mozambique 0.1 • ••Malawi 0.1 • ••Mauritania 0.1 • ••Togo 0.1 • ••Burkina Faso 0.1 • ••Mongolia 0.1 • ••Sierra Leone 0.1 • ••Rwanda 0.1 • ••Indonesia 0.2 • ••Romania 0.2 • ••Zambia 0.2 • ••Uganda 0.2 • ••Spain 0.2 • ••Iceland 0.2 • ••Ecuador 0.2 • ••Cambodia 0.2 • ••Bhutan 0.2 • ••Benin 0.2 • ••Tanzania 0.2 • ••Guatemala 0.2 • ••Nicaragua 0.2 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.2 • ••Ghana 0.2 • ••Honduras 0.2 • ••




The index assesses global variations in vulnerability to climate change by gauging each country’s vulerability to three main potential impacts of global warming: increase in weather-related disasters, sea levels rise and loss of agricultural productivity.Source: HCSS (2015) Year of reference: 2017

Climate Change Vulnerability Monitor (best 0-1 worst)

Ghana 0.1 • ••Latvia 0.1 • ••Nicaragua 0.1 • ••Jamaica 0.1 • ••Nepal 0.1 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0.1 • ••Philippines 0.1 • ••Bolivia 0.1 • ••Peru 0.1 • ••Pakistan 0.1 • ••Mongolia 0.1 • ••Afghanistan 0.1 • ••Madagascar 0.1 • ••Belize 0.1 • ••Papua New Guinea 0.1 • ••Paraguay 0.1 • ••Burkina Faso 0.1 • ••Sri Lanka 0.1 • ••Tanzania 0.1 • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.1 • ••Togo 0.2 • ••Australia 0.2 • ••Chad 0.2 • ••Mali 0.2 • ••Azerbaijan 0.2 • ••Lesotho 0.2 • ••Zimbabwe 0.2 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.2 • ••Senegal 0.2 • ••Namibia 0.2 • ••Lao PDR 0.2 • ••Rwanda 0.2 • ••Sierra Leone 0.2 • ••Myanmar 0.2 • ••Zambia 0.2 • ••Benin 0.2 • ••Gambia 0.2 • ••Netherlands 0.2 • ••Tajikistan 0.2 • ••Thailand 0.2 • ••Burundi 0.2 • ••Mozambique 0.2 • ••Sudan 0.2 • ••Somalia 0.2 • ••Vietnam 0.2 • ••Albania 0.2 • ••Mauritania 0.3 • ••India 0.3 • ••Bangladesh 0.3 • ••

Kenya 0.3 • ••Suriname 0.3 • ••Ethiopia 0.3 • ••Liberia 0.3 • ••Eritrea 0.3 • ••Djibouti 0.3 • ••China 0.3 • ••Central African Republic 0.3 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 0.4 • ••Cambodia 0.4 • ••Niger 0.4 • ••Malawi 0.4 • ••Guyana 0.4 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Malta NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritius NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines


Luxembourg 0.0 • ••Switzerland 0.0 • ••Austria 0.0 • ••Slovak Republic 0.0 • ••Hungary 0.0 • ••Slovenia 0.0 • ••Belarus 0.0 • ••Czech Republic 0.0 • ••Serbia 0.0 • ••Saudi Arabia 0.0 • ••Bulgaria 0.0 • ••Finland 0.0 • ••Poland 0.0 • ••Canada 0.0 • ••France 0.0 • ••Kazakhstan 0.0 • ••Croatia 0.0 • ••Germany 0.0 • ••Lithuania 0.0 • ••Romania 0.0 • ••Russian Federation 0.0 • ••Libya 0.0 • ••Sweden 0.0 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 0.0 • ••Portugal 0.0 • ••Ukraine 0.0 • ••Korea, Rep. 0.0 • ••Chile 0.0 • ••Ireland 0.0 • ••United States 0.0 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0 • ••Moldova 0.0 • ••Oman 0.0 • ••Turkmenistan 0.0 • ••Estonia 0.0 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 0.0 • ••Uzbekistan 0.0 • ••Italy 0.0 • ••Mexico 0.0 • ••Turkey 0.0 • ••United Arab Emirates 0.0 • ••Norway 0.0 • ••United Kingdom 0.0 • ••Venezuela, RB 0.0 • ••Yemen, Rep. 0.0 • ••Argentina 0.0 • ••Armenia 0.0 • ••Cyprus 0.0 • ••

Panama 0.0 • ••Congo 0.0 • ••Israel 0.0 • ••Greece 0.1 • ••Jordan 0.1 • ••Algeria 0.1 • ••Dominican Republic 0.1 • ••Iceland 0.1 • ••Botswana 0.1 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 0.1 • ••New Zealand 0.1 • ••Timor-Leste 0.1 • ••Bhutan 0.1 • ••Brazil 0.1 • ••Costa Rica 0.1 • ••Georgia 0.1 • ••Cameroon 0.1 • ••Singapore 0.1 • ••Colombia 0.1 • ••Uruguay 0.1 • ••El Salvador 0.1 • ••Lebanon 0.1 • ••Belgium 0.1 • ••Spain 0.1 • ••Tunisia 0.1 • ••Gabon 0.1 • ••Ecuador 0.1 • ••Iraq 0.1 • ••Japan 0.1 • ••Malaysia 0.1 • ••Guinea 0.1 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo

0.1 • ••Denmark 0.1 • ••Montenegro 0.1 • ••Angola 0.1 • ••Indonesia 0.1 • ••Nigeria 0.1 • ••Uganda 0.1 • ••Egypt 0.1 • ••Haiti 0.1 • ••Morocco 0.1 • ••South Africa 0.1 • ••Guatemala 0.1 • ••Kuwait 0.1 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0.1 • ••Cuba 0.1 • ••Qatar 0.1 • ••Honduras 0.1 • ••




Kilograms of CO2 emissions per capita embodied in the exports of coal, gas and oil. Calculated using a 3 year average of fossil fuel exports and applying CO2 conversion factors to those fossil fuels. When export data for countries with little to no production of fossil fuels, we assumed a value of 0. Source: UN Comtrade (2018) Year of reference: 2016

CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita)

Guatemala 87.8 •Singapore 89.3 •Kyrgyz Republic 92.8 •Lithuania 107.2 •Georgia 119.1 •Latvia 123.8 •Bosnia and Herzegovina 124.3 •Hungary 139.3 •Egypt 144.3 •Côte d'Ivoire 152.3 •France 155.9 •Philippines 162.2 •Sudan 168.4 •Argentina 171.4 •Croatia 179.5 •Chile 189.7 •Austria 190.7 •Yemen, Rep. 204.3 •Spain 217.0 •Cameroon 257.0 •Ukraine 313.0 •Vietnam 376.5 •Peru 403.4 •Barbados 435.4 •Slovenia 450.5 •Tunisia 451.3 •Ghana 512.4 •Brazil 530.8 •Belarus 536.5 •Poland 609.5 •United States 710.6 •Germany 775.7 •Belize 801.5 •New Zealand 854.6 •Albania 890.6 •Mexico 980.7 •Nigeria 1011.4 •Slovak Republic 1016.7 •Czech Republic 1586.3 •United Kingdom 2170.6 •Denmark 2259.0 •Bolivia 3284.0 •Algeria 3300.9 •South Africa 3404.7 •Malaysia 3678.8 •Indonesia 3715.2 •Belgium 3775.5 •Ecuador 3921.2 •Mozambique 4095.1 •

Azerbaijan 4722.4 •Congo 4830.5 •Netherlands 5754.7 •Myanmar 5903.0 •Colombia 6557.0 •Iraq 7731.4 •Venezuela, RB 8874.3 •Russian Federation 9157.6 •Angola 10066.3 •Oman 10232.6 •Canada 11423.5 •Bahrain 14582.7 •Mongolia 16845.2 •Kazakhstan 17305.5 •Trinidad and Tobago 18595.7 •Saudi Arabia 34478.9 •United Arab Emirates 42827.8 •Australia 43996.4 •Kuwait 50016.3 •Brunei Darussalam 81290.1 •Norway 81827.5 •Qatar 150584.3 •Afghanistan NA •Andorra NA •Chad NA •Cuba NA •Democratic Republic of Congo NA •Equatorial Guinea NA •Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)

NA •Gabon NA •Iran, Islamic Rep. NA •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA •Libya NA •Liechtenstein NA •Marshall Islands NA •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA •Monaco NA •Palau NA •Papua New Guinea NA •San Marino NA •South Sudan NA •Syrian Arab Republic NA •Tajikistan NA •Timor-Leste NA •Turkmenistan NA •Tuvalu NA •Uzbekistan NA •

Antigua and Barbuda 0.0 •Bahamas, The 0.0 •Bhutan 0.0 •Burkina Faso 0.0 •Burundi 0.0 •Cabo Verde 0.0 •Central African Republic 0.0 •Comoros 0.0 •Costa Rica 0.0 •Djibouti 0.0 •Dominica 0.0 •El Salvador 0.0 •Eritrea 0.0 •eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 0.0 •Gambia 0.0 •Grenada 0.0 •Guinea 0.0 •Guinea-Bissau 0.0 •Haiti 0.0 •Iceland 0.0 •Kenya 0.0 •Kiribati 0.0 •Lesotho 0.0 •Liberia 0.0 •Madagascar 0.0 •Maldives 0.0 •Mali 0.0 •Mauritania 0.0 •Nauru 0.0 •Nepal 0.0 •Paraguay 0.0 •São Tomé and Principe 0.0 •Sierra Leone 0.0 •Somalia 0.0 •St. Kitts and Nevis 0.0 •Togo 0.0 •Uruguay 0.0 •Vanuatu 0.0 •Sri Lanka 0.0 •Nicaragua 0.0 •Guyana 0.0 •Jamaica 0.0 •Ethiopia 0.0 •Cyprus 0.0 •Panama 0.0 •Niger 0.0 •Suriname 0.0 •Tonga 0.0 •Benin 0.0 •

Morocco 0.0 •Malta 0.0 •Uganda 0.0 •Honduras 0.0 •Seychelles 0.0 •Jordan 0.0 •Rwanda 0.0 •Moldova 0.0 •Luxembourg 0.0 •Mauritius 0.0 •Finland 0.1 •Lebanon 0.1 •Namibia 0.1 •St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.1 •Bangladesh 0.1 •Dominican Republic 0.2 •Fiji 0.2 •Solomon Islands 0.3 •Japan 0.4 •Malawi 0.8 •Korea, Rep. 0.8 •Zambia 0.9 •Tanzania 1.3 •Cambodia 1.3 •Portugal 2.0 •India 2.1 •Switzerland 2.1 •Lao PDR 2.2 •Israel 2.5 •Turkey 2.8 •St. Lucia 4.2 •Senegal 4.2 •Zimbabwe 4.9 •Pakistan 5.0 •Sweden 7.3 •Serbia 8.8 •Romania 17.5 •Bulgaria 20.0 •China 20.6 •Samoa 24.9 •Armenia 25.3 •Ireland 26.2 •Greece 30.1 •Thailand 36.0 •Estonia 38.7 •Italy 49.6 •Botswana 67.4 •Montenegro 71.2 •




Average effective carbon rates, the price of carbon emissions resulting from taxes and emissions trading systems, excluding CO2 emissions from biomass.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016

Effective carbon rate from all non-road energy, excluding emissions from biomass (€/tCO2)(OECD Member States)

Denmark 67.0 • ••Netherlands 54.0 • ••Norway 51.0 • ••Sweden 43.8 • ••Finland 38.8 • ••Austria 29.3 • ••Israel 28.8 • ••Switzerland 28.6 • ••Germany 25.4 • ••Slovenia 23.3 • ••Greece 22.6 • ••Ireland 21.8 • ••Italy 20.5 • ••Iceland 18.1 • ••Slovak Republic 18.1 • ••United Kingdom 14.6 • ••Spain 12.5 • ••Estonia 12.1 • ••

Poland 11.9 • ••France 11.8 • ••Korea, Rep. 9.9 • ••Portugal 9.0 • ••Turkey 8.1 • ••Japan 7.8 • ••Belgium 7.6 • ••Czech Republic 7.6 • ••Luxembourg 6.3 • ••Hungary 5.9 • ••Canada 3.8 • ••Australia 2.6 • ••New Zealand 1.5 • ••United States 0.8 • ••Mexico 0.3 • ••Chile -0.1 • ••Latvia NA • ••




The mean percentage area of marine Key Biodiversity Areas (sites that are important for the global persistence of marine biodiversity) that is covered by protected areas.Source: Birdlife International et al. (2018) Year of reference: 2017

Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%)

China 18.8 • ••Chile 18.5 • ••Oman 15.1 • ••Iceland 14.0 • ••Lebanon 13.4 • ••Seychelles 13.1 • ••Guatemala 13.0 • ••Bahamas, The 10.0 • ••Qatar 10.0 • ••Solomon Islands 8.6 • ••Mauritius 7.1 • ••Marshall Islands 6.8 • ••Tonga 6.8 • ••Myanmar 6.6 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 5.1 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 4.8 • ••Turkey 4.6 • ••Vanuatu 4.4 • ••Papua New Guinea 3.6 • ••Singapore 3.3 • ••Angola 0.9 • ••Cabo Verde 0.2 • ••Barbados 0.0 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0 • ••Cambodia 0.0 • ••Djibouti 0.0 • ••Dominica 0.0 • ••Eritrea 0.0 • ••Haiti 0.0 • ••Iraq 0.0 • ••Libya 0.0 • ••Maldives 0.0 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0 • ••Montenegro 0.0 • ••Samoa 0.0 • ••Somalia 0.0 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0.0 • ••Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Armenia NA • ••Austria NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Bolivia NA • ••Botswana NA • ••Burkina Faso NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Cameroon NA • ••

Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Congo NA • ••Côte d'Ivoire NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••Democratic Republic of Congo NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA • ••Georgia NA • ••Ghana NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Hungary NA • ••Israel NA • ••Jordan NA • ••Kazakhstan NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Mali NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Mongolia NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Nepal NA • ••Niger NA • ••Nigeria NA • ••Paraguay NA • ••Rwanda NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••Tajikistan NA • ••Thailand NA • ••Togo NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uganda NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Zambia NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••

Equatorial Guinea 100.0 • ••Slovenia 99.9 • ••Romania 99.6 • ••Bulgaria 99.4 • ••Mozambique 99.2 • ••Gabon 98.6 • ••Malta 98.0 • ••Estonia 97.8 • ••Netherlands 95.7 • ••Latvia 95.2 • ••Namibia 91.4 • ••Liberia 90.9 • ••Guinea 89.1 • ••Denmark 88.7 • ••Belgium 88.3 • ••Sudan 87.5 • ••Ireland 86.7 • ••Poland 86.6 • ••Germany 86.4 • ••Spain 85.3 • ••France 79.7 • ••Japan 79.3 • ••Mexico 77.6 • ••United Kingdom 76.5 • ••Italy 75.5 • ••Pakistan 75.3 • ••Suriname 74.2 • ••New Zealand 71.8 • ••Greece 71.8 • ••Lithuania 70.7 • ••Croatia 69.3 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 68.4 • ••Australia 68.2 • ••Albania 66.1 • ••Mauritania 64.4 • ••Honduras 63.8 • ••São Tomé and Principe 63.6 • ••South Africa 62.9 • ••Portugal 62.5 • ••Cuba 61.5 • ••Guinea-Bissau 61.0 • ••Brunei Darussalam 60.9 • ••Ecuador 60.2 • ••Peru 60.0 • ••Colombia 58.9 • ••Philippines 58.3 • ••Finland 57.7 • ••Sweden 57.6 • ••Sierra Leone 57.6 • ••

Brazil 57.4 • ••Norway 56.5 • ••Egypt 56.0 • ••Costa Rica 54.9 • ••Venezuela, RB 54.7 • ••Nicaragua 52.9 • ••Grenada 52.2 • ••Dominican Republic 51.7 • ••Kiribati 49.3 • ••Cyprus 47.9 • ••Ukraine 46.8 • ••Tunisia 46.3 • ••Palau 45.9 • ••Morocco 44.2 • ••Argentina 44.2 • ••Tanzania 43.7 • ••Gambia 41.5 • ••Vietnam 40.8 • ••Kenya 40.3 • ••El Salvador 38.4 • ••United States 38.3 • ••Sri Lanka 37.9 • ••Senegal 37.8 • ••Bahrain 36.6 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 36.5 • ••Bangladesh 34.5 • ••Panama 33.9 • ••Algeria 32.9 • ••Kuwait 32.1 • ••India 31.0 • ••Yemen, Rep. 30.8 • ••Benin 30.6 • ••Jamaica 30.6 • ••Indonesia 30.3 • ••Canada 30.0 • ••Russian Federation 30.0 • ••Belize 27.7 • ••Korea, Rep. 26.8 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 26.3 • ••Malaysia 25.1 • ••Madagascar 21.7 • ••Timor-Leste 21.3 • ••St. Lucia 21.1 • ••Saudi Arabia 20.9 • ••Fiji 20.8 • ••Uruguay 20.6 • ••United Arab Emirates 20.0 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 19.5 • ••




The biodiversity subgoal of the Ocean Health Index measures the degree of success in conserving species and habitats in marine life. Specifically, it looks at the risk of extinction as assessed by IUCN or GMAS and whether the size of marine habitats that support biodiversity has decreased since approximately 1980.Source: Ocean Health Index (2017) Year of reference: 2017

Ocean Health Index Goal – Biodiversity (0-100)

Jamaica 86.5 • 5Fiji 86.5 • LCameroon 86.5 • pMonaco 86.3 • 5Papua New Guinea 86.3 • 5St. Lucia 86.2 • pThailand 86.0 • DMyanmar 85.8 • 5Madagascar 85.8 • DCambodia 85.5 • 5Jordan 85.2 • pLatvia 84.8 • pSolomon Islands 84.7 • 5Malaysia 84.4 • DSudan 84.1 • pUnited States 84.0 • 5Haiti 83.7 • 5Iraq 83.6 • pVietnam 83.5 • pPanama 83.3 • 5Gabon 83.3 • pPhilippines 82.8 • DGuinea 82.0 • 5Indonesia 81.9 • DBahrain 81.6 • 5Grenada 81.4 • pPeru 81.2 • pSpain 81.0 • pTanzania 80.9 • 5Nicaragua 80.8 • 5Liberia 80.4 • 5Singapore 80.4 • 5Nauru 80.3 • 5China 80.1 • pColombia 80.0 • 5Somalia 79.8 • 5Lithuania 79.7 • pGuinea-Bissau 79.4 • pBelize 79.0 • pCôte d'Ivoire 78.3 • 5Pakistan 78.0 • pPoland 77.8 • pDominica 77.8 • 5Senegal 76.7 • pSierra Leone 76.2 • 5Iceland 75.5 • p


Nigeria 70.9 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 68.0 • p

Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Armenia NA • ••Austria NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Bolivia NA • ••Botswana NA • ••Burkina Faso NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA • ••Hungary NA • ••Kazakhstan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Mali NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Mongolia NA • ••Nepal NA • ••Niger NA • ••Paraguay NA • ••Rwanda NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••Tajikistan NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Uganda NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Zambia NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••

Namibia 98.1 • 5Portugal 97.6 • 5Belgium 97.2 • 5Cabo Verde 97.1 • 5Suriname 96.5 • 5São Tomé and Principe 96.0 • 5Romania 95.8 • 5Denmark 95.4 • 5Slovenia 95.4 • 5Guyana 95.3 • 5Chile 95.3 • 5Bulgaria 95.0 • 5Georgia 94.9 • 5Brazil 94.8 • 5Korea, Rep. 94.8 • 5Uruguay 94.8 • 5Morocco 94.6 • 5Croatia 94.6 • 5Greece 94.4 • 5Estonia 94.3 • 5Norway 94.3 • 5Albania 94.2 • 5


Cyprus 94.0 • 5Guatemala 94.0 • 5Australia 93.9 • 5Germany 93.8 • 5Mauritania 93.8 • 5Costa Rica 93.7 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 93.7 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 93.7 • 5Russian Federation 93.4 • 5Turkey 93.4 • 5Mauritius 93.3 • 5Argentina 93.3 • 5United Kingdom 93.3 • LDominican Republic 93.2 • 5Samoa 93.2 • 5Canada 93.2 • 5Ghana 93.1 • 5Seychelles 93.1 • 5Equatorial Guinea 93.1 • 5Japan 93.0 • 5Tunisia 93.0 • 5Oman 92.9 • 5Montenegro 92.9 • 5Ecuador 92.9 • 5Sweden 92.8 • 5Sri Lanka 92.7 • 5

New Zealand 92.7 • 5Tonga 92.5 • 5France 92.4 • 5Malta 92.3 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 92.3 • 5Honduras 92.1 • 5Tuvalu 92.0 • 5Mexico 92.0 • 5Israel 91.9 • 5Ukraine 91.8 • 5Maldives 91.4 • 5India 91.3 • 5Italy 91.3 • 5Bahamas, The 91.3 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 91.3 • 5Congo 91.2 • 5Barbados 91.1 • 5Lebanon 90.8 • 5South Africa 90.6 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 90.6 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 90.6 • 5United Arab Emirates 90.5 • 5Vanuatu 90.4 • 5Algeria 90.2 • LLibya 90.1 • 5Netherlands 90.0 • LMozambique 89.9 • pMarshall Islands 89.9 • pFinland 89.9 • pDjibouti 89.9 • pBrunei Darussalam 89.8 • pQatar 89.8 • pBangladesh 89.6 • LEgypt 89.5 • pYemen, Rep. 89.4 • pKuwait 89.0 • pSaudi Arabia 88.8 • pIreland 88.7 • 5Gambia 88.4 • pPalau 88.3 • LBenin 88.2 • pTogo 88.1 • LComoros 87.9 • 5El Salvador 87.4 • pCuba 87.4 • pVenezuela, RB 87.3 • pEritrea 87.2 • pAngola 87.1 • pKenya 87.0 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 86.7 • 5




The clean waters subgoal of the Ocean Health Index measures to what degree marine waters under national jurisdictions have been contaminated by chemicals, excessive nutrients (euthropication), human pathogens or trash.Source: Ocean Health Index (2017) Year of reference: 2017

Ocean Health Index Goal – Clean Waters (0-100)

Djibouti 52.4 • pEgypt 52.1 • pDominican Republic 51.9 • 5Liberia 51.8 • 5Italy 51.4 • pMyanmar 51.2 • pTunisia 50.8 • DGermany 50.8 • pJordan 50.8 • pNauru 50.7 • pTurkey 50.4 • 5Gambia 50.3 • 5Spain 50.1 • pKenya 49.7 • pGuinea 49.7 • pCongo 49.2 • DFrance 49.2 • pSenegal 49.0 • DSingapore 47.9 • pPakistan 46.4 • 5Malta 46.2 • pSierra Leone 45.6 • pNetherlands 45.4 • pVietnam 44.9 • 5Lithuania 44.5 • pComoros 44.4 • pJamaica 44.1 • 5Haiti 43.4 • pAlgeria 42.8 • pBulgaria 42.7 • pPoland 42.2 • pCôte d'Ivoire 41.5 • pEl Salvador 41.5 • pCameroon 40.8 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 40.6 • 5Iraq 40.4 • pGhana 40.0 • 5


39.7 • p

Syrian Arab Republic 39.5 • DBangladesh 36.8 • pNigeria 36.3 • pChina 34.8 • pGuatemala 33.2 • pIsrael 32.8 • 5Belgium 32.4 • pIndia 29.3 • pBenin 28.9 • 5Lebanon 28.7 • p

Slovenia 28.4 • pTogo 28.2 • pMonaco 24.5 • pAfghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Armenia NA • ••Austria NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Bolivia NA • ••Botswana NA • ••Burkina Faso NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA • ••Hungary NA • ••Kazakhstan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Mali NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Mongolia NA • ••Nepal NA • ••Niger NA • ••Paraguay NA • ••Rwanda NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••Tajikistan NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Uganda NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Zambia NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••

Canada 94.3 • 5Chile 93.8 • 5Russian Federation 91.6 • 5Samoa 88.7 • 5Namibia 84.3 • 5Argentina 83.2 • 5Australia 81.4 • 5Iceland 79.4 • 5New Zealand 79.2 • 5Suriname 77.8 • LNorway 77.7 • 5Solomon Islands 77.5 • LGuyana 75.4 • 5Seychelles 74.9 • 5Palau 74.8 • 5United States 74.7 • 5Tuvalu 71.4 • LTonga 71.2 • LFiji 70.9 • 5United Arab Emirates 69.8 • LCosta Rica 69.6 • LFinland 69.4 • pMarshall Islands 69.1 • DGrenada 68.9 • LBelize 68.9 • LVanuatu 68.6 • pEcuador 68.2 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 67.6 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 67.6 • pPapua New Guinea 67.5 • LAntigua and Barbuda 66.0 • L


65.5 • L

Barbados 65.5 • pGabon 65.3 • LYemen, Rep. 65.3 • LEstonia 65.2 • pSão Tomé and Principe 65.0 • LPanama 64.9 • DNicaragua 64.9 • LSaudi Arabia 64.7 • pOman 64.5 • DUnited Kingdom 64.2 • DKorea, Rep. 64.0 • pCroatia 64.0 • pBahamas, The 63.7 • pCabo Verde 63.7 • LMauritius 63.6 • pMexico 63.6 • p

Sweden 63.6 • pMaldives 63.4 • pKuwait 63.1 • pQatar 63.0 • pVenezuela, RB 62.9 • DTrinidad and Tobago 62.6 • LIreland 62.2 • LJapan 62.2 • pDominica 62.1 • pMauritania 62.1 • pColombia 62.0 • pAngola 62.0 • LSomalia 61.5 • DEquatorial Guinea 60.8 • pMadagascar 60.3 • pMontenegro 60.2 • 5Cyprus 60.1 • DBrazil 59.8 • pHonduras 59.8 • pPeru 59.7 • pUkraine 59.6 • pGreece 59.5 • pUruguay 58.9 • pCuba 58.4 • pSri Lanka 58.3 • DGuinea-Bissau 58.0 • DIndonesia 57.6 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 57.6 • pBahrain 57.5 • 5Philippines 57.2 • 5St. Lucia 56.9 • pEritrea 56.5 • DRomania 56.5 • 5South Africa 56.4 • pMozambique 55.7 • 5Portugal 54.9 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 54.9 • pGeorgia 54.8 • pLibya 54.7 • 5Tanzania 54.6 • LMalaysia 54.5 • 5Thailand 54.3 • pAlbania 53.6 • 5Sudan 53.5 • LMorocco 53.4 • pBrunei Darussalam 53.2 • pDenmark 53.0 • pLatvia 53.0 • pCambodia 52.9 • 5




The fisheries subgoal of the Ocean Health Index measures the sustainability of fishing activities. It is calculated based on the population biomass (the live weight of fish in the ocean) and compared to the biomass that can deliver the stock’s maximum sustainable yield, penalising overfishing and underfishing (with half the penalty of overfishing).Source: Ocean Health Index (2017) Year of reference: 2017

Ocean Health Index Goal – Fisheries (0-100)

Sudan 39.1 • 5Myanmar 39.1 • 5Cuba 38.6 • pArgentina 37.7 • pBangladesh 37.4 • 5Comoros 37.4 • pHonduras 37.2 • pCôte d'Ivoire 36.4 • 5Colombia 36.0 • pGrenada 35.8 • pTunisia 35.5 • 5


Guatemala 34.9 • pGambia 34.7 • 5Namibia 34.2 • 5Togo 34.1 • pSt. Lucia 33.8 • pNew Zealand 33.7 • pTonga 33.7 • pIraq 33.3 • 5Venezuela, RB 32.9 • p


Bahrain 31.7 • 5Netherlands 31.3 • 5Equatorial Guinea 30.4 • 5Belize 30.3 • pAlbania 30.0 • 5Canada 29.9 • pBulgaria 29.5 • pAntigua and Barbuda 29.4 • pSão Tomé and Principe 28.0 • pSuriname 27.1 • 5Angola 26.2 • 5Nicaragua 26.2 • pMexico 26.2 • pGuyana 25.5 • 5Liberia 25.3 • 5Dominica 25.3 • pTrinidad and Tobago 24.8 • pMorocco 24.4 • pKuwait 24.3 • 5Cabo Verde 23.6 • pGuinea-Bissau 23.6 • 5Jamaica 22.9 • pSt. Kitts and Nevis 22.3 • pEl Salvador 22.0 • pGuinea 19.9 • 5

Singapore 17.2 • 5Mauritania 17.1 • pBarbados 14.3 • pAfghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Armenia NA • ••Austria NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Bolivia NA • ••Botswana NA • ••Burkina Faso NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA • ••Hungary NA • ••Kazakhstan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Mali NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Mongolia NA • ••Nepal NA • ••Niger NA • ••Paraguay NA • ••Rwanda NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••Tajikistan NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Uganda NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Zambia NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••

Estonia 97.9 • 5Finland 96.5 • 5Latvia 96.1 • 5Nauru 93.5 • 5Sweden 91.1 • 5Solomon Islands 89.5 • 5Poland 88.9 • 5Palau 87.1 • 5Tuvalu 85.9 • 5Papua New Guinea 84.8 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 83.0 • 5Lithuania 79.4 • 5Slovenia 75.3 • 5Marshall Islands 74.9 • 5Pakistan 73.2 • LVietnam 69.4 • LPeru 69.3 • pSouth Africa 66.9 • pAlgeria 66.8 • DTanzania 66.7 • LBahamas, The 65.1 • pSamoa 64.8 • pBelgium 63.1 • LLebanon 62.5 • LMalaysia 61.4 • LThailand 61.3 • LCambodia 60.6 • LOman 60.5 • DIndonesia 58.9 • LNorway 58.3 • pIreland 57.9 • 5Ghana 57.6 • pRussian Federation 57.6 • pJapan 57.5 • LIndia 56.8 • DUnited Arab Emirates 56.4 • DSyrian Arab Republic 56.2 • pSaudi Arabia 55.0 • DUnited States 54.7 • pFrance 54.1 • 5Georgia 53.7 • pUkraine 53.5 • pBrunei Darussalam 53.1 • DGreece 52.9 • pSierra Leone 52.8 • LPanama 52.4 • DVanuatu 52.3 • 5Fiji 51.8 • 5Korea, Rep. 50.7 • D

Turkey 50.6 • pRomania 50.5 • pCroatia 50.3 • pEritrea 50.2 • DGabon 49.5 • 5Dominican Republic 49.3 • 5Maldives 49.0 • pCameroon 48.7 • 5Brazil 48.2 • pMadagascar 47.3 • 5Djibouti 46.7 • 5Libya 46.5 • pSri Lanka 46.4 • 5Chile 46.3 • pCyprus 45.9 • pMozambique 45.9 • 5Qatar 45.5 • 5Denmark 45.5 • 5Egypt 45.5 • 5China 45.4 • DNigeria 45.3 • 5Costa Rica 45.2 • pMalta 45.0 • pMontenegro 45.0 • pMonaco 44.9 • pSomalia 44.8 • DKorea, Dem. Rep. 44.3 • pYemen, Rep. 43.7 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 43.4 • 5Philippines 43.4 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 43.1 • pIsrael 42.9 • DItaly 42.7 • pAustralia 41.3 • pCongo 41.2 • 5Uruguay 41.2 • pUnited Kingdom 41.1 • pEcuador 40.9 • pGermany 40.9 • 5Portugal 40.9 • 5Benin 40.7 • 5Jordan 40.6 • DMauritius 40.4 • 5Kenya 40.3 • 5Senegal 39.9 • 5Haiti 39.8 • 5Iceland 39.7 • pSeychelles 39.4 • 5Spain 39.3 • 5




The percentage of a country’s total catch, within its exclusive economic zone (EEZ), that is comprised of species that are overexploited or collapsed, weighted by the quality of fish catch data.Source: Sea around Us (2018) & EPI (2018) Year of reference: 2014

Percentage of fish stocks overexploited or collapsed by EEZ (%)

Papua New Guinea 56.9 •Germany 57.3 •Iceland 58.0 •Cuba 59.7 •Poland 59.9 •Algeria 65.2 •Cyprus 66.6 •Libya 67.1 •Portugal 70.5 •Japan 72.5 •Argentina 74.0 •Jamaica 74.0 •Italy 75.1 •Australia 75.4 •Venezuela, RB 79.6 •Turkey 79.7 •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 92.3 •El Salvador 100.0 •Afghanistan NA •Albania NA •Andorra NA •Armenia NA •Austria NA •Azerbaijan NA •Bahrain NA •Belarus NA •Belgium NA •Belize NA •Benin NA •Bhutan NA •Bolivia NA •Bosnia and Herzegovina NA •Botswana NA •Brunei Darussalam NA •Bulgaria NA •Burkina Faso NA •Burundi NA •Cameroon NA •Central African Republic NA •Chad NA •Congo NA •Côte d'Ivoire NA •Czech Republic NA •Democratic Republic of Congo

NA •Djibouti NA •Dominica NA •eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA •Ethiopia NA •

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA •Gambia NA •Georgia NA •Grenada NA •Hungary NA •Iraq NA •Israel NA •Jordan NA •Kazakhstan NA •Kuwait NA •Kyrgyz Republic NA •Lao PDR NA •Lebanon NA •Lesotho NA •Liechtenstein NA •Lithuania NA •Luxembourg NA •Malawi NA •Mali NA •Moldova NA •Monaco NA •Mongolia NA •Montenegro NA •Nepal NA •Niger NA •Paraguay NA •Qatar NA •Romania NA •Rwanda NA •San Marino NA •Serbia NA •Singapore NA •Slovak Republic NA •Slovenia NA •South Sudan NA •St. Kitts and Nevis NA •St. Lucia NA •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA •Switzerland NA •Syrian Arab Republic NA •Tajikistan NA •Togo NA •Turkmenistan NA •Uganda NA •Uzbekistan NA •Zambia NA •Zimbabwe NA •

Yemen, Rep. 0.1 •Marshall Islands 1.1 •Estonia 1.3 •Vietnam 1.6 •Bangladesh 1.7 •Peru 2.1 •Sierra Leone 2.1 •Kiribati 2.4 •Guinea 3.5 •Palau 3.8 •Dominican Republic 4.0 •Tuvalu 4.0 •Finland 4.5 •Oman 5.7 •Tunisia 5.8 •Morocco 6.3 •Korea, Rep. 7.0 •Croatia 7.0 •São Tomé and Principe 7.5 •China 8.6 •Timor-Leste 9.2 •Eritrea 10.7 •Angola 10.9 •Haiti 12.0 •Namibia 12.3 •India 12.4 •Malta 12.5 •Maldives 12.5 •Norway 12.8 •Colombia 12.8 •Nigeria 13.4 •Equatorial Guinea 13.7 •Madagascar 14.2 •Mauritania 15.7 •Tanzania 16.4 •Liberia 17.6 •Guatemala 18.1 •Sri Lanka 18.2 •Nauru 18.3 •France 19.6 •Myanmar 19.7 •Mozambique 20.0 •Iran, Islamic Rep. 20.3 •United Kingdom 20.5 •Ireland 21.6 •Indonesia 21.7 •Honduras 21.7 •Philippines 23.4 •Malaysia 23.5 •

Comoros 24.0 •Fiji 24.2 •Somalia 25.4 •Costa Rica 25.5 •Senegal 25.6 •Saudi Arabia 26.5 •Cabo Verde 26.8 •Egypt 27.4 •Ecuador 28.2 •Korea, Dem. Rep. 28.4 •Solomon Islands 28.7 •Mauritius 28.9 •Bahamas, The 29.1 •United Arab Emirates 29.4 •Suriname 29.9 •United States 30.1 •Ukraine 30.1 •Trinidad and Tobago 31.4 •Kenya 32.4 •Samoa 33.7 •Brazil 33.7 •South Africa 33.8 •Mexico 34.4 •Nicaragua 35.0 •Guyana 35.1 •Spain 35.3 •Vanuatu 37.1 •Uruguay 37.5 •Antigua and Barbuda 38.3 •New Zealand 38.3 •Ghana 39.0 •Sudan 39.2 •Pakistan 39.3 •Chile 40.1 •Panama 40.6 •Tonga 42.0 •Canada 44.0 •Denmark 44.0 •Cambodia 44.9 •Sweden 45.8 •Gabon 47.2 •Netherlands 48.4 •Greece 48.6 •Barbados 52.2 •Latvia 54.5 •Guinea-Bissau 54.6 •Russian Federation 55.4 •Thailand 55.6 •Seychelles 56.0 •




The percentage of a country’s total fish catch, in tonnes, caught by trawling, a method of fishing in which industrial fishing vessels drag large nets (trawls) along the seabed.Source: Sea around Us (2018) Year of reference: 2014 (or closest available)

Fish caught by trawling (%)

Cambodia 61.4 • pMorocco 62.0 • 5Vietnam 64.0 • pIceland 70.3 • pRomania 70.3 • LDenmark 71.2 • 5United Kingdom 71.2 • pBelize 78.2 • pSweden 79.3 • pFinland 79.3 • p

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 80.2 • ••Germany 80.6 • 5Ireland 85.9 • 5Albania 86.3 • pNamibia 88.1 • 5Slovenia 89.7 • ••Ukraine 90.0 • pDominica 92.1 • pMalta 93.6 • 5Belgium 97.1 • 5Netherlands 97.4 • pAfghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Armenia NA • ••Austria NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Bolivia NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••Botswana NA • ••Burkina Faso NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Cyprus NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••Democratic Republic of Congo

NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominican Republic NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••

Fiji NA • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Haiti NA • ••Hungary NA • ••Jamaica NA • ••Jordan NA • ••Kazakhstan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Mali NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Mongolia NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Nepal NA • ••Niger NA • ••Palau NA • ••Paraguay NA • ••Qatar NA • ••Rwanda NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Singapore NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••Tajikistan NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uganda NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Zambia NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••

Maldives 0.0 • ••Oman 0.4 • LPapua New Guinea 0.6 • 5Vanuatu 1.0 • 5Guinea-Bissau 1.2 • ••Gambia 1.4 • 5Benin 1.5 • 5Sudan 2.0 • LSão Tomé and Principe 2.1 • LPeru 2.2 • 5Chile 2.3 • 5Tanzania 2.8 • 5Cuba 2.9 • 5Colombia 4.0 • LLithuania 4.2 • LCôte d'Ivoire 4.3 • LPhilippines 4.5 • LVenezuela, RB 5.1 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 5.1 • 5United Arab Emirates 5.6 • LEcuador 5.9 • 5Liberia 6.1 • ••Georgia 6.4 • LMauritius 6.5 • ••Ghana 7.8 • LCameroon 7.9 • LKenya 8.0 • pCongo 8.0 • LYemen, Rep. 8.2 • LPanama 9.3 • LLebanon 10.0 • ••India 10.2 • DSomalia 10.4 • 5Portugal 11.3 • LEl Salvador 11.5 • LBahrain 11.7 • pMexico 12.4 • DMadagascar 13.6 • pMozambique 14.1 • LSenegal 15.2 • DTogo 15.4 • pBangladesh 15.6 • pCosta Rica 16.3 • 5Guinea 17.4 • DBrazil 17.5 • pThailand 17.7 • pCroatia 17.9 • LSaudi Arabia 17.9 • LHonduras 18.3 • p

Libya 19.9 • pBulgaria 20.6 • LNicaragua 21.7 • LGreece 21.8 • DSyrian Arab Republic 22.0 • LSuriname 22.5 • LTrinidad and Tobago 23.0 • pMauritania 23.0 • LEquatorial Guinea 23.2 • pPakistan 23.9 • pJapan 24.2 • pSouth Africa 26.6 • 5France 27.8 • 5Tunisia 28.1 • pAustralia 28.3 • DNigeria 28.5 • 5Angola 28.9 • DEstonia 29.6 • DSierra Leone 29.6 • pAlgeria 29.6 • pIraq 30.0 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 30.0 • pGuatemala 30.9 • pCanada 30.9 • 5Brunei Darussalam 33.3 • pSpain 33.6 • LCabo Verde 33.7 • ••Turkey 33.8 • LEgypt 34.5 • DSri Lanka 35.8 • pIndonesia 36.9 • pGabon 39.6 • pNorway 40.3 • pNew Zealand 43.1 • pUnited States 44.4 • pKorea, Rep. 45.1 • 5Uruguay 46.8 • DMyanmar 46.9 • 5Malaysia 47.4 • 5Kuwait 48.4 • 5Italy 51.8 • DIsrael 52.3 • 5Montenegro 52.8 • pGuyana 54.8 • pPoland 56.5 • pRussian Federation 60.0 • 5China 60.0 • pArgentina 60.5 • 5Latvia 61.2 • D




The mean percentage area of terrestrial Key Biodiversity Areas (sites that are important for the global persistence of biodiversity) that is covered by protected areas.Source: Birdlife International et al. (2018) Year of reference: 2017

Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%)

Egypt 39.6 • 5Cambodia 39.5 • 5Azerbaijan 39.4 • 5Malaysia 39.3 • 5Panama 38.8 • 5Algeria 38.8 • 5Timor-Leste 38.7 • 5Colombia 38.6 • 5Kenya 37.5 • 5


Korea, Rep. 36.6 • 5Mozambique 36.5 • DCameroon 36.3 • DChile 35.7 • 5Switzerland 35.2 • 5Gambia 34.6 • 5Mali 33.8 • 5South Sudan 33.6 • 5Argentina 33.2 • 5Marshall Islands 32.1 • 5United States 31.3 • 5Yemen, Rep. 31.1 • 5Mexico 31.0 • 5Guatemala 30.8 • 5Peru 30.7 • 5Armenia 30.5 • 5United Arab Emirates 29.9 • LGeorgia 29.3 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 29.2 • 5Ecuador 29.1 • 5Angola 28.4 • 5Bahrain 27.5 • 5Russian Federation 27.2 • 5El Salvador 26.6 • 5India 26.5 • 5Serbia 26.2 • 5Mauritius 25.7 • 5Canada 25.7 • 5Sudan 25.0 • DMoldova 23.6 • 5Indonesia 23.5 • 5Ukraine 23.3 • 5Paraguay 23.3 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 22.6 • 5Myanmar 22.6 • 5Jamaica 22.0 • 5Seychelles 21.9 • 5Singapore 21.1 • 5


Tajikistan 21.0 • 5Uruguay 20.8 • 5Ethiopia 19.8 • 5Andorra 19.4 • DAntigua and Barbuda 19.0 • 5Iceland 18.0 • 5Samoa 17.5 • 5Kazakhstan 16.3 • 5Uzbekistan 16.2 • 5Israel 15.7 • 5Lesotho 15.3 • 5Saudi Arabia 15.1 • 5Comoros 14.8 • 5Liberia 14.8 • 5Mauritania 14.6 • 5Turkmenistan 14.6 • 5Eritrea 13.3 • 5Lebanon 13.1 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 12.5 • 5Qatar 12.4 • 5Oman 11.5 • 5Tonga 11.3 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 10.2 • 5Bahamas, The 9.8 • 5Solomon Islands 9.5 • 5Jordan 7.7 • 5Papua New Guinea 7.3 • 5Fiji 7.2 • 5Cabo Verde 7.1 • 5Vanuatu 6.4 • 5Afghanistan 6.1 • 5Haiti 5.4 • 5Iraq 5.1 • 5Libya 4.6 • 5Turkey 2.3 • 5Barbados 2.1 • 5Montenegro 2.1 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 1.1 • 5Djibouti 1.0 • 5Maldives 0.0 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0 • 5Somalia 0.0 • 5Guyana NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Equatorial Guinea 100.0 • 5Latvia 97.3 • 5Togo 97.0 • 5Bulgaria 95.6 • 5Estonia 94.9 • 5Czech Republic 93.8 • 5Lithuania 91.6 • 5Netherlands 90.8 • 5Malta 90.4 • 5Denmark 90.3 • 5Ireland 90.0 • 5Poland 88.1 • 5Zimbabwe 85.9 • 5Slovenia 85.6 • 5Namibia 85.4 • 5Ghana 85.0 • 5Slovak Republic 83.6 • 5Hungary 81.8 • 5Malawi 81.6 • 5France 81.6 • 5Liechtenstein 80.8 • 5Sierra Leone 80.3 • 5United Kingdom 80.2 • 5Nigeria 79.6 • 5Belgium 79.4 • 5Germany 78.7 • 5Italy 78.2 • 5Romania 77.8 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 77.7 • 5Benin 77.4 • 5Dominican Republic 74.6 • 5Central African Republic 74.4 • 5Cuba 74.3 • 5Portugal 73.8 • 5Finland 73.8 • 5Nicaragua 73.7 • 5Uganda 73.7 • 5Greece 72.6 • 5Congo 72.1 • 5Burkina Faso 71.8 • 5Luxembourg 71.8 • 5Thailand 71.7 • 5Chad 70.6 • 5Albania 68.5 • 5Japan 68.5 • 5Guinea 67.2 • 5Venezuela, RB 67.0 • 5Kiribati 65.7 • 5Croatia 65.2 • L

Austria 65.0 • 5Honduras 65.0 • 5Brunei Darussalam 62.9 • 5Gabon 61.2 • 5Spain 61.0 • 5Kuwait 59.0 • 5Sweden 58.3 • 5Cyprus 57.8 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 57.4 • 5Bolivia 57.0 • 5Norway 54.7 • 5Nepal 54.6 • 5South Africa 54.5 • 5São Tomé and Principe 54.4 • 5Tanzania 53.6 • 5Australia 53.2 • 5Guinea-Bissau 52.6 • 5China 52.1 • 5Burundi 51.2 • LSuriname 51.2 • 5Palau 50.7 • LSri Lanka 49.9 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 48.6 • 5Zambia 48.3 • 5Bangladesh 48.0 • 5Brazil 47.4 • 5New Zealand 47.2 • 5Botswana 47.1 • 5Belarus 47.1 • LSt. Lucia 46.1 • 5Belize 46.0 • 5Rwanda 45.7 • 5Lao PDR 45.5 • 5Costa Rica 45.3 • 5Dominica 44.3 • 5Morocco 43.5 • LBhutan 42.9 • DNiger 42.8 • DGrenada 42.7 • L


Mongolia 42.0 • 5Philippines 41.7 • 5Senegal 41.2 • 5Vietnam 40.9 • LTunisia 40.9 • LMadagascar 40.8 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 40.7 • 5Pakistan 40.3 • 5




The mean percentage area of freshwater Key Biodiversity Areas (sites that are important for the global persistence of biodiversity) that is covered by protected areas.Source: Birdlife International et al. (2018) Year of reference: 2017

Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%)

Egypt 28.5 • 5Russian Federation 27.4 • 5Georgia 27.3 • 5Armenia 26.9 • 5Israel 26.1 • 5Azerbaijan 24.5 • 5Paraguay 24.5 • 5Lebanon 21.1 • 5Bangladesh 20.8 • 5Canada 20.6 • 5Lao PDR 19.9 • 5Myanmar 18.5 • 5Belize 18.3 • 5Kazakhstan 17.4 • 5Ukraine 16.9 • 5Ethiopia 16.0 • 5Brazil 15.6 • 5India 15.2 • 5Turkmenistan 13.1 • 5Saudi Arabia 12.4 • 5New Zealand 12.0 • 5Moldova 10.8 • 5Uzbekistan 10.8 • 5Mexico 9.2 • 5Yemen, Rep. 7.7 • 5Jordan 7.2 • 5Iraq 5.1 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 4.3 • 5Turkey 4.1 • 5Uruguay 2.3 • 5Afghanistan 0.1 • 5Eritrea 0.0 • 5Djibouti 0.0 • 5Haiti 0.0 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • 5Montenegro 0.0 • 5Somalia 0.0 • 5Sudan 0.0 • 5Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Benin NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Costa Rica NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Cyprus NA • ••Dominica NA • ••

Equatorial Guinea NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Gambia NA • ••Ghana NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Honduras NA • ••Jamaica NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Kuwait NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Malta NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritania NA • ••Mauritius NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Oman NA • ••Palau NA • ••Panama NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Qatar NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Senegal NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Singapore NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Togo NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••United Arab Emirates NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Congo 100.0 • 5Croatia 100.0 • 5Guinea 100.0 • 5Denmark 100.0 • 5Bulgaria 98.6 • 5Dominican Republic 97.9 • 5Ireland 97.7 • 5Latvia 97.5 • 5Central African Republic 95.9 • 5Albania 95.4 • 5Lithuania 95.2 • 5Gabon 93.6 • 5Estonia 93.6 • 5Slovenia 93.1 • 5Czech Republic 92.2 • 5Poland 91.8 • 5Netherlands 90.4 • 5Belgium 89.7 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 87.4 • 5Greece 86.1 • 5


Venezuela, RB 85.8 • 5Namibia 85.4 • 5Hungary 84.9 • 5Italy 84.7 • 5El Salvador 81.6 • 5United Kingdom 81.6 • 5Germany 81.4 • 5Slovak Republic 81.3 • 5Morocco 80.8 • LSri Lanka 79.9 • 5Zimbabwe 79.0 • 5France 77.9 • 5Malaysia 76.6 • 5Mozambique 74.1 • 5Bolivia 73.8 • 5Finland 73.7 • 5Sierra Leone 72.5 • 5Ecuador 70.9 • 5Chad 70.2 • 5Austria 67.1 • 5Japan 67.0 • 5Romania 66.1 • 5Nicaragua 65.8 • 5Portugal 64.0 • 5Cameroon 63.6 • LPeru 63.4 • 5Burkina Faso 63.0 • 5Uganda 63.0 • 5

Sweden 61.9 • 5Madagascar 61.1 • 5Switzerland 59.9 • 5Nigeria 59.1 • 5South Sudan 58.8 • 5Norway 58.3 • 5Zambia 56.2 • 5Burundi 52.3 • LBelarus 50.2 • LBrunei Darussalam 50.0 • 5Guatemala 49.6 • 5Suriname 49.4 • 5Algeria 49.0 • 5Liberia 48.6 • 5Philippines 48.1 • 5Rwanda 47.8 • 5Botswana 46.0 • 5Niger 45.3 • 5Spain 44.1 • 5Mali 43.7 • 5Thailand 43.6 • 5Argentina 43.5 • 5Tunisia 43.4 • LChina 41.6 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 40.4 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 40.0 • 5South Africa 39.9 • LIndonesia 39.3 • 5Mongolia 39.1 • 5Pakistan 38.9 • 5Chile 38.7 • 5Kenya 38.4 • 5Luxembourg 37.1 • 5Korea, Rep. 36.8 • 5Nepal 36.5 • 5Malawi 35.9 • 5Tanzania 35.4 • 5Australia 34.8 • 5Tajikistan 34.6 • 5Bhutan 34.3 • DIceland 33.9 • 5Colombia 33.6 • DAngola 33.3 • 5Vietnam 33.2 • LCambodia 33.0 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 31.1 • 5Serbia 31.1 • 5


29.5 • 5

United States 29.4 • 5




The change in aggregate extinction risk across groups of species. The index is based on genuine changes in the number of species in each category of extinction risk on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.Source: IUCN and Birdlife International (2018) Year of reference: 2017

Red List Index of species survival (0-1)

United Arab Emirates 0.9 • pArgentina 0.9 • 5Georgia 0.9 • pPakistan 0.9 • pPortugal 0.9 • 5Singapore 0.9 • pAlbania 0.9 • pBahrain 0.9 • pGhana 0.9 • 5Greece 0.9 • 5Maldives 0.9 • pNicaragua 0.9 • pRwanda 0.9 • 5Spain 0.9 • 5St. Lucia 0.9 • pTogo 0.9 • 5Afghanistan 0.8 • 5Armenia 0.8 • 5Cameroon 0.8 • 5Ethiopia 0.8 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.8 • pMarshall Islands 0.8 • pPapua New Guinea 0.8 • pTuvalu 0.8 • pUnited States 0.8 • 5Australia 0.8 • pBrunei Darussalam 0.8 • pEl Salvador 0.8 • pMozambique 0.8 • pQatar 0.8 • pUruguay 0.8 • pVenezuela, RB 0.8 • pCambodia 0.8 • pCosta Rica 0.8 • pDjibouti 0.8 • peSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 0.8 • 5Iraq 0.8 • pNepal 0.8 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 0.8 • 5Equatorial Guinea 0.8 • 5Lao PDR 0.8 • 5Malawi 0.8 • 5Montenegro 0.8 • pMyanmar 0.8 • pSamoa 0.8 • pBhutan 0.8 • 5Kenya 0.8 • pThailand 0.8 • pMadagascar 0.8 • p

São Tomé and Principe 0.8 • 5United Kingdom 0.8 • pZimbabwe 0.8 • 5Japan 0.8 • pKorea, Rep. 0.8 • pSouth Africa 0.8 • pBangladesh 0.8 • pComoros 0.8 • pKiribati 0.8 • pNauru 0.8 • pSolomon Islands 0.8 • pSt. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.8 • 5

Chile 0.8 • pGrenada 0.8 • 5Indonesia 0.8 • pChina 0.8 • pIsrael 0.8 • 5Monaco 0.8 • pPalau 0.8 • pUganda 0.8 • pBelize 0.7 • pColombia 0.7 • pHonduras 0.7 • pVietnam 0.7 • pDominican Republic 0.7 • pPanama 0.7 • pSt. Kitts and Nevis 0.7 • pGuatemala 0.7 • pHaiti 0.7 • pJamaica 0.7 • pPeru 0.7 • pTonga 0.7 • pBahamas, The 0.7 • pEcuador 0.7 • pMalaysia 0.7 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.7 • pTanzania 0.7 • pIndia 0.7 • pMexico 0.7 • pDominica 0.7 • pFiji 0.7 • pSeychelles 0.7 • pVanuatu 0.7 • pCuba 0.7 • pPhilippines 0.7 • pNew Zealand 0.6 • pSri Lanka 0.6 • pMauritius 0.4 • p

Belgium 1.0 • 5Burkina Faso 1.0 • 5Finland 1.0 • 5Latvia 1.0 • 5Liechtenstein 1.0 • 5Lithuania 1.0 • 5Luxembourg 1.0 • 5San Marino 1.0 • 5Suriname 1.0 • 5Sweden 1.0 • 5Botswana 1.0 • 5Congo 1.0 • 5Cyprus 1.0 • 5Estonia 1.0 • 5Gambia 1.0 • 5Germany 1.0 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 1.0 • 5Mali 1.0 • 5Mauritania 1.0 • 5Switzerland 1.0 • 5Tajikistan 1.0 • 5Belarus 1.0 • 5Canada 1.0 • 5Czech Republic 1.0 • 5Denmark 1.0 • 5


Lesotho 1.0 • 5Libya 1.0 • 5Moldova 1.0 • 5Namibia 1.0 • 5Poland 1.0 • 5Tunisia 1.0 • 5Turkmenistan 1.0 • 5Uzbekistan 1.0 • 5Gabon 1.0 • 5Guinea-Bissau 1.0 • 5Jordan 1.0 • 5Russian Federation 1.0 • 5Serbia 1.0 • 5Slovak Republic 1.0 • 5Mongolia 1.0 • 5Paraguay 1.0 • 5Romania 1.0 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 1.0 • 5Angola 0.9 • 5Bulgaria 0.9 • 5Central African Republic 0.9 • 5Netherlands 0.9 • 5

Niger 0.9 • 5Norway 0.9 • 5Senegal 0.9 • 5Slovenia 0.9 • 5Sudan 0.9 • 5Ukraine 0.9 • 5Hungary 0.9 • 5South Sudan 0.9 • 5Andorra 0.9 • 5Burundi 0.9 • 5Chad 0.9 • 5Guyana 0.9 • 5Ireland 0.9 • 5Italy 0.9 • 5Lebanon 0.9 • 5Azerbaijan 0.9 • 5Barbados 0.9 • 5Benin 0.9 • 5Egypt 0.9 • 5Eritrea 0.9 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.9 • 5Saudi Arabia 0.9 • 5Sierra Leone 0.9 • 5Algeria 0.9 • 5Austria 0.9 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.9 • 5Brazil 0.9 • 5Croatia 0.9 • 5Guinea 0.9 • 5Somalia 0.9 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 0.9 • pCôte d'Ivoire 0.9 • 5


Liberia 0.9 • 5Morocco 0.9 • 5Oman 0.9 • pTimor-Leste 0.9 • pCabo Verde 0.9 • LFrance 0.9 • pMalta 0.9 • 5Turkey 0.9 • 5Yemen, Rep. 0.9 • pZambia 0.9 • 5Bolivia 0.9 • 5Iceland 0.9 • pKazakhstan 0.9 • pKuwait 0.9 • pNigeria 0.9 • 5




Total area of tree loss from 2000 to 2016, in areas with a minimum of 30% canopy cover, benchmarked against the country’s tree cover baseline extent in 2000.Source: Global Forest Watch (2014) & EPI (2018) Year of reference: 2016

Annual change in forest area (%)

Grenada 5.3 • ••Jamaica 5.4 • ••Barbados 5.4 • ••Bangladesh 5.5 • ••France 5.5 • ••Austria 5.6 • ••Panama 5.6 • ••Nigeria 5.6 • ••Mexico 5.8 • ••Luxembourg 6.0 • ••Bolivia 6.3 • ••Haiti 6.3 • ••Cuba 6.4 • ••Myanmar 6.4 • ••Russian Federation 6.5 • ••Togo 6.6 • ••Belarus 6.6 • ••Chad 6.8 • ••El Salvador 6.8 • ••Senegal 6.9 • ••Slovak Republic 7.0 • ••Czech Republic 7.1 • ••Ukraine 7.2 • ••Singapore 7.4 • ••Uganda 7.4 • ••Tunisia 7.6 • ••Tanzania 7.6 • ••Poland 7.7 • ••Israel 7.9 • ••Thailand 8.0 • ••Hungary 8.0 • ••Algeria 8.2 • ••Spain 8.5 • ••Chile 8.6 • ••Canada 8.6 • ••Kenya 8.7 • ••Mozambique 8.7 • ••Belgium 8.7 • ••Malawi 8.8 • ••New Zealand 8.9 • ••Brazil 8.9 • ••Australia 9.4 • ••Mongolia 9.7 • ••Dominican Republic 9.8 • ••Denmark 10.2 • ••United Kingdom 10.3 • ••Malta 10.3 • ••Guinea-Bissau 10.4 • ••Honduras 10.6 • ••Mali 10.7 • ••

Belize 10.8 • ••Lithuania 11.0 • ••Guinea 11.1 • ••Zimbabwe 11.6 • ••Ghana 11.8 • ••Liberia 11.9 • ••Ireland 11.9 • ••United States 12.1 • ••Estonia 12.2 • ••Lao PDR 12.4 • ••Finland 12.5 • ••Sweden 12.7 • ••Vietnam 12.8 • ••Gambia 13.7 • ••Argentina 13.7 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 14.1 • ••Nicaragua 14.3 • ••Indonesia 14.3 • ••Latvia 15.5 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 15.5 • ••Madagascar 16.1 • ••Guatemala 16.1 • ••Sierra Leone 17.0 • ••Uruguay 18.0 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 18.4 • ••South Africa 19.8 • ••Benin 20.3 • ••Paraguay 21.0 • ••Cambodia 22.0 • ••Malaysia 23.1 • ••Portugal 31.2 • ••Namibia 31.5 • ••Oman 50.0 • ••Niger 56.6 • ••Eritrea 66.8 • ••Burkina Faso 99.3 • ••Mauritania 103.7 • ••Bahrain NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Qatar NA • ••Samoa NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Djibouti 0.0 • ••Kuwait 0.0 • ••Monaco 0.0 • ••Saudi Arabia 0.0 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.0 • ••United Arab Emirates 0.0 • ••Yemen, Rep. 0.0 • ••Seychelles 0.1 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.2 • ••Jordan 0.3 • ••Georgia 0.3 • ••Andorra 0.3 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0.3 • ••San Marino 0.4 • ••São Tomé and Principe 0.5 • ••Tajikistan 0.6 • ••Azerbaijan 0.6 • ••Armenia 0.6 • ••Bhutan 0.6 • ••Iraq 0.8 • ••Nepal 0.8 • ••Liechtenstein 0.8 • ••Guyana 0.8 • ••Afghanistan 0.9 • ••Vanuatu 0.9 • ••Suriname 0.9 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.9 • ••Pakistan 0.9 • ••South Sudan 1.0 • ••Egypt 1.0 • ••Dominica 1.1 • ••Maldives 1.1 • ••Uzbekistan 1.1 • ••Sudan 1.2 • ••Lesotho 1.2 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 1.2 • ••Kazakhstan 1.3 • ••Central African Republic 1.3 • ••Cabo Verde 1.4 • ••Gabon 1.4 • ••Serbia 1.5 • ••Palau 1.6 • ••Moldova 1.6 • ••St. Lucia 1.6 • ••Switzerland 1.8 • ••Montenegro 2.1 • ••Japan 2.1 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 2.2 • ••Slovenia 2.2 • ••

Congo 2.2 • ••Fiji 2.2 • ••Croatia 2.3 • ••Cyprus 2.4 • ••Italy 2.4 • ••Bulgaria 2.5 • ••Botswana 2.5 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 2.6 • ••Papua New Guinea 2.7 • ••Ethiopia 2.7 • ••Cameroon 2.8 • ••Venezuela, RB 2.9 • ••Peru 3.0 • ••Timor-Leste 3.1 • ••Netherlands 3.3 • ••Equatorial Guinea 3.3 • ••Comoros 3.4 • ••India 3.5 • ••Korea, Rep. 3.5 • ••Ecuador 3.6 • ••Sri Lanka 3.6 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 3.7 • ••Somalia 3.7 • ••Libya 3.8 • ••Romania 3.8 • ••Burundi 3.8 • ••Turkey 3.9 • ••Angola 3.9 • ••Colombia 4.0 • ••Mauritius 4.3 • ••Greece 4.3 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)

4.4 • ••Norway 4.5 • ••Germany 4.5 • ••Solomon Islands 4.5 • ••Turkmenistan 4.6 • ••Brunei Darussalam 4.6 • ••Morocco 4.9 • ••Lebanon 4.9 • ••Rwanda 5.0 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 5.0 • ••China 5.0 • ••Costa Rica 5.1 • ••Philippines 5.2 • ••Bahamas, The 5.2 • ••Albania 5.3 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo

5.3 • ••Zambia 5.3 • ••




The number of species threatened as a result of international trade expressed per 100,000 people.Source: Lenzen et al. (2012) Year of reference: 2015

Imported biodiversity threats (threats per million population)

Turkmenistan 4.0 • ••Uruguay 4.0 • ••Georgia 4.0 • ••Lebanon 4.2 • ••Lesotho 4.4 • ••Cabo Verde 4.7 • ••Albania 4.8 • ••Malaysia 4.8 • ••Israel 5.1 • ••Namibia 5.2 • ••Costa Rica 5.4 • ••Slovak Republic 5.5 • ••El Salvador 5.6 • ••Bahrain 5.7 • ••Fiji 5.7 • ••Czech Republic 5.8 • ••Belize 5.9 • ••Saudi Arabia 6.0 • ••Oman 6.0 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 6.2 • ••Botswana 6.8 • ••Italy 7.0 • ••United States 7.0 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 7.0 • ••Qatar 7.0 • ••Korea, Rep. 7.3 • ••Panama 7.5 • ••Greece 7.6 • ••Bhutan 7.9 • ••Japan 7.9 • ••Croatia 7.9 • ••Latvia 8.1 • ••São Tomé and Principe 8.2 • ••Lithuania 8.4 • ••Canada 8.4 • ••Estonia 8.4 • ••Finland 8.5 • ••Spain 8.8 • ••Portugal 8.9 • ••Bahamas, The 8.9 • ••Vanuatu 8.9 • ••Suriname 9.1 • ••New Zealand 10.2 • ••Samoa 10.8 • ••Sweden 10.8 • ••Cyprus 10.9 • ••Germany 11.1 • ••France 11.3 • ••Belgium 11.5 • ••

Barbados 12.1 • ••Denmark 12.2 • ••Maldives 12.3 • ••United Kingdom 12.8 • ••Austria 13.4 • ••Netherlands 13.6 • ••Slovenia 14.0 • ••Ireland 14.3 • ••United Arab Emirates 15.1 • ••Malta 15.5 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 18.8 • ••Iceland 20.5 • ••Norway 21.0 • ••Andorra 26.0 • ••Mauritius 26.1 • ••Switzerland 26.1 • ••Serbia 26.4 • ••Brunei Darussalam 26.7 • ••Australia 30.6 • ••Kuwait 30.8 • ••Seychelles 40.3 • ••Montenegro 41.2 • ••Liechtenstein 47.8 • ••Singapore 53.0 • ••Monaco 53.7 • ••Luxembourg 61.1 • ••Guyana 140.2 • ••San Marino 236.9 • ••Comoros NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)

NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Myanmar 0.0 • ••Sudan 0.0 • ••Somalia 0.1 • ••South Sudan 0.1 • ••Pakistan 0.1 • ••Ethiopia 0.2 • ••Bangladesh 0.2 • ••Chad 0.2 • ••Tanzania 0.2 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 0.2 • ••Mozambique 0.3 • ••Afghanistan 0.3 • ••Haiti 0.3 • ••Burundi 0.3 • ••India 0.3 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 0.3 • ••Eritrea 0.3 • ••Cameroon 0.3 • ••Egypt 0.3 • ••Niger 0.3 • ••Nigeria 0.3 • ••Ghana 0.4 • ••Nepal 0.4 • ••Yemen, Rep. 0.4 • ••Uganda 0.4 • ••Madagascar 0.4 • ••Mali 0.4 • ••Guinea 0.4 • ••Senegal 0.5 • ••Belarus 0.5 • ••Malawi 0.5 • ••Central African Republic 0.5 • ••Liberia 0.6 • ••Sierra Leone 0.6 • ••Benin 0.6 • ••Gambia 0.6 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0.7 • ••Iraq 0.7 • ••Uzbekistan 0.7 • ••Lao PDR 0.7 • ••Togo 0.7 • ••Morocco 0.7 • ••Cambodia 0.7 • ••China 0.7 • ••Moldova 0.7 • ••Burkina Faso 0.7 • ••Algeria 0.7 • ••Zambia 0.8 • ••

Philippines 0.8 • ••Kenya 0.8 • ••Brazil 0.9 • ••Angola 1.1 • ••Vietnam 1.1 • ••Zimbabwe 1.1 • ••Bolivia 1.1 • ••Sri Lanka 1.1 • ••Rwanda 1.2 • ••Congo 1.2 • ••Azerbaijan 1.2 • ••Papua New Guinea 1.2 • ••Indonesia 1.3 • ••Peru 1.3 • ••Mexico 1.3 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 1.3 • ••Kazakhstan 1.4 • ••Cuba 1.4 • ••Tajikistan 1.4 • ••Turkey 1.5 • ••Dominican Republic 1.5 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 1.6 • ••Tunisia 1.6 • ••Ukraine 1.7 • ••Nicaragua 1.8 • ••Djibouti 1.9 • ••South Africa 1.9 • ••Argentina 2.0 • ••Guatemala 2.0 • ••Ecuador 2.0 • ••Mauritania 2.0 • ••Libya 2.1 • ••Venezuela, RB 2.1 • ••Romania 2.1 • ••Paraguay 2.1 • ••Mongolia 2.2 • ••Chile 2.3 • ••Colombia 2.3 • ••Russian Federation 2.4 • ••Armenia 2.5 • ••Jordan 2.5 • ••Honduras 2.6 • ••Thailand 2.6 • ••Gabon 3.0 • ••Poland 3.3 • ••Hungary 3.4 • ••Jamaica 3.4 • ••Bulgaria 3.5 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.8 • ••




The number of intentional homicides per 100,000 people. Intentional homicides are estimates of unlawful homicides purposely inflicted as a result of domestic disputes, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, intergang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. Intentional homicide does not include all intentional killing; e.g. killing in armed conflict.Source: UNODC (2018) Year of reference: 2006–2015

Homicides (per 100,000 population)

Burundi 4.0 • ••Latvia 4.1 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 4.1 • ••Turkmenistan 4.2 • ••Turkey 4.3 • ••Ukraine 4.4 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 4.4 • ••Niger 4.5 • ••Rwanda 4.5 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 4.7 • ••Marshall Islands 4.7 • ••Cuba 4.7 • ••Kazakhstan 4.8 • ••United States 4.9 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 5.1 • ••Somalia 5.6 • ••Kenya 5.8 • ••Zambia 5.9 • ••Cameroon 5.9 • ••Lithuania 6.0 • ••Benin 6.0 • ••Sudan 6.5 • ••Argentina 6.5 • ••Afghanistan 6.6 • ••Yemen, Rep. 6.7 • ••Zimbabwe 6.7 • ••Djibouti 6.8 • ••Lao PDR 6.9 • ••Tanzania 7.0 • ••Peru 7.2 • ••Mongolia 7.2 • ••Senegal 7.3 • ••Eritrea 7.5 • ••Kiribati 7.5 • ••Grenada 7.5 • ••Comoros 7.6 • ••Ethiopia 7.6 • ••Pakistan 7.8 • ••Qatar 8.1 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 8.2 • ••Ecuador 8.2 • ••Dominica 8.4 • ••Uruguay 8.4 • ••Guinea 8.5 • ••Cabo Verde 8.8 • ••Gabon 9.0 • ••Chad 9.0 • ••Gambia 9.1 • ••Togo 9.1 • ••

Paraguay 9.3 • ••Angola 9.7 • ••Nigeria 9.8 • ••Philippines 9.8 • ••Haiti 10.0 • ••Congo 10.1 • ••Mauritania 10.2 • ••Papua New Guinea 10.4 • ••Botswana 10.5 • ••Suriname 10.7 • ••Mali 10.8 • ••Barbados 10.9 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 11.2 • ••Russian Federation 11.3 • ••Panama 11.4 • ••Nicaragua 11.5 • ••Costa Rica 11.8 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 11.8 • ••Uganda 11.8 • ••Bolivia 12.4 • ••Central African Republic 13.1 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 13.4 • ••South Sudan 13.7 • ••Mexico 16.4 • ••Namibia 16.9 • ••Dominican Republic 17.4 • ••Guyana 19.4 • ••Tuvalu 20.3 • ••St. Lucia 21.6 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

25.6 • ••Colombia 26.5 • ••Brazil 26.7 • ••Bahamas, The 29.8 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 30.9 • ••Guatemala 31.2 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 33.6 • ••South Africa 34.3 • ••Belize 34.4 • ••Lesotho 38.0 • ••Jamaica 43.2 • ••Venezuela, RB 57.2 • ••Honduras 63.8 • ••Iraq 66.1 • ••El Salvador 108.6 • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••

Singapore 0.3 • ••Japan 0.3 • ••Brunei Darussalam 0.5 • ••Indonesia 0.5 • ••Austria 0.5 • ••Bahrain 0.5 • ••Norway 0.6 • ••Netherlands 0.6 • ••Madagascar 0.6 • ••Ireland 0.6 • ••Spain 0.7 • ••United Arab Emirates 0.7 • ••Switzerland 0.7 • ••Burkina Faso 0.7 • ••Luxembourg 0.7 • ••China 0.7 • ••Korea, Rep. 0.7 • ••Poland 0.7 • ••Czech Republic 0.8 • ••Italy 0.8 • ••Germany 0.9 • ••Greece 0.9 • ••Maldives 0.9 • ••Croatia 0.9 • ••Slovak Republic 0.9 • ••Iceland 0.9 • ••New Zealand 0.9 • ••United Kingdom 0.9 • ••Tonga 1.0 • ••Malta 1.0 • ••Portugal 1.0 • ••Australia 1.0 • ••Denmark 1.0 • ••Morocco 1.1 • ••Oman 1.1 • ••Serbia 1.1 • ••Sweden 1.2 • ••Andorra 1.2 • ••Slovenia 1.2 • ••Cyprus 1.3 • ••Nauru 1.3 • ••Israel 1.4 • ••Algeria 1.4 • ••Tajikistan 1.4 • ••Hungary 1.5 • ••Romania 1.5 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.5 • ••Saudi Arabia 1.5 • ••Vietnam 1.5 • ••

France 1.6 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 1.6 • ••Finland 1.6 • ••Canada 1.7 • ••Ghana 1.7 • ••Kuwait 1.8 • ••Malawi 1.8 • ••Bulgaria 1.8 • ••Cambodia 1.8 • ••Malaysia 1.9 • ••Sierra Leone 1.9 • ••Belgium 2.0 • ••Jordan 2.0 • ••Vanuatu 2.1 • ••Seychelles 2.2 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 2.2 • ••Nepal 2.3 • ••Albania 2.3 • ••Myanmar 2.4 • ••Armenia 2.5 • ••Azerbaijan 2.5 • ••Libya 2.5 • ••Bangladesh 2.5 • ••Georgia 2.7 • ••Liechtenstein 2.7 • ••Mauritius 2.7 • ••Montenegro 2.7 • ••Bhutan 2.8 • ••Monaco 2.9 • ••Sri Lanka 2.9 • ••Fiji 3.0 • ••Uzbekistan 3.0 • ••Tunisia 3.1 • ••Palau 3.1 • ••Samoa 3.2 • ••Moldova 3.2 • ••Estonia 3.2 • ••Equatorial Guinea 3.2 • ••India 3.2 • ••Liberia 3.2 • ••Egypt 3.2 • ••Mozambique 3.4 • ••São Tomé and Principe 3.4 • ••Thailand 3.5 • ••Belarus 3.6 • ••Chile 3.6 • ••Solomon Islands 3.8 • ••Lebanon 4.0 • ••




The prison population is composed of Persons Held in Prisons, Penal Institutions or Correctional Institutions. It refers to persons held on a specified day and it should exclude non-criminal prisoners held for administrative purposes.Source: UNODC (2018) Year of reference: 2004–2015

Prison population (per 100,000 population)

Brunei Darussalam 133.5 • ••Spain 133.6 • ••Bolivia 134.6 • ••Philippines 134.8 • ••Malta 135.0 • ••Nauru 137.6 • ••Jamaica 138.0 • ••Portugal 138.9 • ••Liechtenstein 140.9 • ••Namibia 144.8 • ••Romania 145.2 • ••Vietnam 145.8 • ••Bhutan 146.3 • ••Uzbekistan 149.0 • ••Australia 150.8 • ••Ecuador 151.1 • ••Jordan 151.3 • ••Saudi Arabia 155.6 • ••Algeria 156.7 • ••Venezuela, RB 159.7 • ••Malaysia 160.5 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 164.9 • ••Tonga 166.7 • ••Argentina 167.4 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 170.8 • ••Fiji 174.3 • ••Mexico 174.3 • ••Botswana 175.0 • ••Nicaragua 175.7 • ••Mauritius 176.0 • ••Moldova 179.7 • ••Montenegro 180.7 • ••Hungary 180.9 • ••Slovak Republic 182.7 • ••Mongolia 184.9 • ••Suriname 185.8 • ••Poland 185.9 • ••Paraguay 194.2 • ••Gabon 195.5 • ••Czech Republic 197.9 • ••Honduras 200.1 • ••New Zealand 201.4 • ••Albania 206.5 • ••Estonia 215.1 • ••Morocco 221.1 • ••Latvia 223.8 • ••Turkey 225.3 • ••Singapore 225.6 • ••

Tunisia 227.2 • ••Azerbaijan 233.9 • ••Colombia 237.8 • ••Kazakhstan 238.9 • ••Dominican Republic 242.2 • ••Peru 246.2 • ••Lithuania 255.5 • ••Georgia 257.1 • ••Samoa 259.3 • ••Guyana 260.5 • ••Israel 261.7 • ••Chile 266.2 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 280.5 • ••Cabo Verde 282.7 • ••South Africa 286.6 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 288.7 • ••Costa Rica 291.2 • ••Uruguay 291.3 • ••Bahrain 298.5 • ••Brazil 299.4 • ••Dominica 301.3 • ••Belarus 313.4 • ••Ukraine 325.7 • ••Barbados 335.7 • ••Palau 341.3 • ••St. Lucia 345.2 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 364.1 • ••Bahamas, The 364.4 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 376.7 • ••Maldives 416.1 • ••Panama 453.3 • ••Rwanda 467.5 • ••Russian Federation 468.3 • ••Grenada 469.9 • ••Thailand 472.2 • ••Cuba 505.5 • ••El Salvador 532.8 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 547.5 • ••Turkmenistan 583.4 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 607.7 • ••United States 675.6 • ••Belize 741.0 • ••Seychelles 766.7 • ••Eritrea NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Somalia NA • ••United Kingdom NA • ••

Guinea-Bissau 5.2 • ••San Marino 6.3 • ••Central African Republic 15.6 • ••Comoros 18.4 • ••Guinea 25.3 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 26.6 • ••Congo 27.5 • ••Mali 30.5 • ••Nigeria 31.9 • ••India 32.0 • ••Oman 33.3 • ••Chad 38.0 • ••Burkina Faso 41.7 • ••Pakistan 42.4 • ••Niger 42.8 • ••Bangladesh 43.3 • ••Mauritania 44.5 • ••Solomon Islands 46.4 • ••Iceland 46.7 • ••Liberia 46.7 • ••Cyprus 46.9 • ••Japan 47.7 • ••Timor-Leste 49.0 • ••Sudan 49.6 • ••South Sudan 52.7 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 53.5 • ••Sierra Leone 54.1 • ••Nepal 54.3 • ••Ghana 54.5 • ••Qatar 54.7 • ••Yemen, Rep. 54.8 • ••Denmark 56.5 • ••Sweden 56.7 • ••Finland 57.0 • ••Mozambique 57.1 • ••Gambia 58.1 • ••Andorra 58.2 • ••Senegal 58.8 • ••Equatorial Guinea 59.2 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 60.0 • ••Togo 60.5 • ••Papua New Guinea 63.8 • ••Netherlands 64.1 • ••Tanzania 64.3 • ••Marshall Islands 66.2 • ••Benin 66.7 • ••Indonesia 67.4 • ••Djibouti 67.6 • ••

Slovenia 67.7 • ••Malawi 70.5 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 71.7 • ••Burundi 77.7 • ••Germany 78.1 • ••Switzerland 78.3 • ••Egypt 78.8 • ••Croatia 78.8 • ••Norway 79.7 • ••Ireland 80.1 • ••Afghanistan 83.9 • ••Madagascar 85.0 • ••Vanuatu 86.9 • ••Greece 88.7 • ••Italy 89.3 • ••Monaco 90.1 • ••Sri Lanka 92.0 • ••São Tomé and Principe 93.5 • ••Angola 96.6 • ••Belgium 97.3 • ••Lesotho 98.3 • ••Libya 98.9 • ••Cambodia 99.1 • ••Austria 102.1 • ••Kuwait 102.8 • ••Haiti 103.1 • ••France 103.5 • ••Bulgaria 103.6 • ••Korea, Rep. 107.4 • ••Lebanon 108.0 • ••United Arab Emirates 108.1 • ••Tuvalu 111.2 • ••Uganda 112.0 • ••Canada 113.0 • ••Myanmar 113.2 • ••Serbia 113.7 • ••Cameroon 114.4 • ••Zambia 114.5 • ••Guatemala 115.0 • ••Kenya 117.8 • ••Ethiopia 119.3 • ••China 120.5 • ••Lao PDR 120.6 • ••Zimbabwe 120.9 • ••Luxembourg 121.9 • ••Tajikistan 122.9 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 126.9 • ••Armenia 128.3 • ••Kiribati 129.9 • ••




The percentage of the surveyed population that responded “Yes” to the question “Do you feel safe walking alone at night in the city or area where you live?”Source: Schwab and Sala-i-Martin (2018) Year of reference: 2009–2017

Proportion of the population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city or area where they live (%)

Cambodia 55.0 • pEcuador 54.0 • 5Guinea 54.0 • pSierra Leone 54.0 • DUkraine 54.0 • pBenin 53.0 • pRussian Federation 53.0 • LTogo 53.0 • DCentral African Republic 52.0 • pGuatemala 52.0 • LKyrgyz Republic 52.0 • pLebanon 52.0 • pPanama 52.0 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 52.0 • ••Yemen, Rep. 52.0 • pZimbabwe 52.0 • LCuba 51.0 • ••Mozambique 51.0 • DBelize 50.0 • ••Chad 50.0 • LCôte d'Ivoire 50.0 • ••Libya 50.0 • ••Mongolia 49.0 • DParaguay 49.0 • 5Costa Rica 48.0 • DUruguay 48.0 • pZambia 48.0 • pCongo 47.0 • pGuyana 47.0 • ••Haiti 47.0 • DAngola 46.0 • 5El Salvador 46.0 • pMauritania 46.0 • pPeru 46.0 • pSenegal 46.0 • pChile 45.0 • p


Bolivia 44.0 • 5Cameroon 44.0 • pMalawi 44.0 • pMalaysia 44.0 • pBurundi 43.0 • pLesotho 43.0 • 5Colombia 42.0 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 42.0 • ••Madagascar 42.0 • pMoldova 42.0 • pNamibia 42.0 • ••

South Sudan 42.0 • ••Argentina 40.0 • pLiberia 40.0 • DMexico 40.0 • pDominican Republic 35.0 • pBotswana 34.0 • pSyrian Arab Republic 32.0 • pBrazil 31.0 • pSouth Africa 31.0 • 5Gabon 25.0 • pAfghanistan 20.0 • 5Venezuela, RB 17.0 • pAndorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Gambia NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Oman NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines


Singapore 94.0 • 5Norway 93.0 • 5Qatar 92.0 • ••United Arab Emirates 90.0 • ••Finland 88.0 • LSlovenia 88.0 • 5Tajikistan 88.0 • 5Rwanda 87.0 • 5Kuwait 86.0 • ••Somalia 85.0 • ••Switzerland 85.0 • LUzbekistan 85.0 • 5Canada 84.0 • LIceland 84.0 • 5Netherlands 83.0 • LDenmark 82.0 • LIndonesia 82.0 • pSpain 82.0 • LAustria 81.0 • 5China 80.0 • ••United Kingdom 80.0 • LJordan 79.0 • 5Luxembourg 79.0 • pGeorgia 78.0 • pTurkmenistan 78.0 • pArmenia 77.0 • LBangladesh 77.0 • 5Cyprus 77.0 • 5Malta 77.0 • LSaudi Arabia 77.0 • ••Egypt 76.0 • LIreland 76.0 • LIsrael 76.0 • LPortugal 76.0 • LAzerbaijan 75.0 • LMyanmar 75.0 • pSweden 75.0 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 74.0 • pJapan 74.0 • 5Morocco 74.0 • LCzech Republic 73.0 • LFrance 73.0 • LIndia 73.0 • pSerbia 73.0 • 5Comoros 72.0 • ••Djibouti 72.0 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 72.0 • D

United States 72.0 • p

Montenegro 71.0 • pSudan 71.0 • pBelgium 70.0 • LEstonia 70.0 • LCroatia 69.0 • LGermany 69.0 • pKorea, Rep. 69.0 • LLao PDR 69.0 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 68.0 • LNew Zealand 68.0 • pRomania 68.0 • 5Kazakhstan 67.0 • LNiger 67.0 • 5Slovak Republic 67.0 • DEthiopia 66.0 • pGhana 66.0 • 5Mauritius 66.0 • pPoland 66.0 • LThailand 66.0 • pTanzania 65.0 • DHungary 64.0 • pBhutan 63.0 • ••Tunisia 63.0 • LAustralia 62.0 • pJamaica 62.0 • LLatvia 62.0 • LNicaragua 62.0 • DSri Lanka 62.0 • pBelarus 61.0 • pLithuania 61.0 • LVietnam 61.0 • pAlbania 60.0 • pBahrain 60.0 • ••Iraq 60.0 • LNepal 60.0 • pPhilippines 60.0 • 5Suriname 60.0 • ••Bulgaria 59.0 • LKenya 59.0 • DNigeria 59.0 • pPakistan 59.0 • LUganda 59.0 • LAlgeria 58.0 • ••Honduras 58.0 • 5Italy 58.0 • LMali 58.0 • pTurkey 58.0 • LGreece 56.0 • LBurkina Faso 55.0 • p




Survey-based assessment of government efficiency, on a scale from 1 (worst) to 7 (best). The indicator reports respondents’ qualitative assessment of government efficiency, an aggregate measure based on respondents answers to several questions on the wastefulness of government spending: i.e. the burden of government regulation, the efficiency of the legal framework in settling disputes and challenging regulations, and the transparency of government policymaking.Source: Schwab and Sala-i-Martin (2018) Year of reference: 2012–2018

Government efficiency (1-7)

Sierra Leone 3.2 • ••Portugal 3.1 • DMongolia 3.1 • DPhilippines 3.1 • LBelize 3.1 • ••Serbia 3.1 • pCambodia 3.0 • pCzech Republic 3.0 • DBurundi 3.0 • 5Slovenia 3.0 • pSyrian Arab Republic 3.0 • ••Ukraine 3.0 • 5Timor-Leste 3.0 • pGuatemala 3.0 • DSuriname 3.0 • 5

Democratic Republic of Congo 3.0 • ••Poland 2.9 • pGuinea 2.9 • ••Mexico 2.9 • pParaguay 2.9 • 5Honduras 2.9 • 5Argentina 2.9 • pNigeria 2.8 • pMoldova 2.8 • pMyanmar 2.8 • ••Peru 2.8 • pMozambique 2.8 • pRomania 2.8 • DLatvia 2.8 • DHungary 2.8 • pColombia 2.7 • pNicaragua 2.7 • DDominican Republic 2.7 • DYemen, Rep. 2.7 • LSlovak Republic 2.7 • pLebanon 2.7 • pBolivia 2.7 • LMadagascar 2.6 • pChad 2.6 • pZimbabwe 2.6 • pAngola 2.5 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 2.5 • 5El Salvador 2.5 • 5Haiti 2.5 • LMauritania 2.5 • pLibya 2.4 • pBrazil 2.4 • pEcuador 2.4 • 5

Greece 2.4 • pItaly 2.3 • pCroatia 2.3 • pVenezuela, RB 1.6 • pAfghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Congo NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Niger NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Sudan NA • ••Togo NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Singapore 5.8 • 5United Arab Emirates 5.6 • 5Switzerland 5.5 • 5Rwanda 5.4 • 5United States 5.4 • pNew Zealand 5.4 • 5Finland 5.4 • 5Qatar 5.3 • 5Luxembourg 5.2 • 5Germany 5.2 • 5Netherlands 5.2 • 5Norway 5.0 • 5Malaysia 4.9 • LUnited Kingdom 4.9 • LSweden 4.8 • 5Iceland 4.8 • pBahrain 4.7 • pAzerbaijan 4.6 • DCanada 4.6 • 5Japan 4.6 • LSaudi Arabia 4.5 • pOman 4.4 • pIndia 4.4 • pBhutan 4.4 • ••China 4.3 • pDenmark 4.3 • pTajikistan 4.3 • DIreland 4.3 • LGambia 4.3 • pIsrael 4.2 • pEstonia 4.2 • LNamibia 4.2 • pAustralia 4.2 • pIndonesia 4.1 • DBotswana 4.1 • pMauritius 4.1 • pAustria 4.0 • pMalta 4.0 • pCôte d'Ivoire 4.0 • LBelgium 3.9 • pSenegal 3.9 • LKenya 3.9 • LLao PDR 3.9 • ••Seychelles 3.9 • ••Ghana 3.8 • pTanzania 3.8 • pFrance 3.8 • pCyprus 3.8 • pGeorgia 3.8 • p

Albania 3.8 • pJordan 3.8 • LMorocco 3.8 • pChile 3.7 • pKazakhstan 3.7 • LLesotho 3.7 • LArmenia 3.7 • 5Ethiopia 3.7 • pMontenegro 3.7 • p


Thailand 3.7 • pSouth Africa 3.6 • pBarbados 3.6 • pCabo Verde 3.6 • 5Kuwait 3.6 • pBrunei Darussalam 3.6 • LZambia 3.5 • LKorea, Rep. 3.5 • pRussian Federation 3.5 • 5Cameroon 3.5 • DVietnam 3.5 • pPakistan 3.5 • pUganda 3.5 • pGabon 3.5 • ••Uruguay 3.4 • pJamaica 3.4 • pTurkey 3.4 • LGuyana 3.4 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 3.4 • pCosta Rica 3.4 • pTunisia 3.4 • pMali 3.4 • pLiberia 3.4 • ••Spain 3.4 • pAlgeria 3.3 • 5Benin 3.3 • pPanama 3.3 • DBangladesh 3.3 • pEgypt 3.3 • pKyrgyz Republic 3.3 • 5Lithuania 3.2 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 3.2 • pNepal 3.2 • pMalawi 3.2 • pSri Lanka 3.2 • pBurkina Faso 3.2 • pTrinidad and Tobago 3.2 • pBulgaria 3.2 • p




Survey-based assessment of protection of property rights, on a scale from 1 (worst) to 7 (best). The indicator reports respondents’ qualitative assessment of government efficiency, an aggregate measure based on respondents answers to several questions on the protection of property rights and intellectual property rights protection.Source: Schwab and Sala-i-Martin (2018) Year of reference: 2012–2018

Property rights (1-7)

Vietnam 3.8 • pUganda 3.8 • pHonduras 3.8 • 5Algeria 3.8 • DBangladesh 3.8 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 3.7 • pMalawi 3.7 • pCroatia 3.7 • pLiberia 3.7 • ••Mali 3.6 • pEgypt 3.6 • pRussian Federation 3.6 • LPeru 3.6 • pArgentina 3.6 • pLesotho 3.6 • DPakistan 3.6 • pAlbania 3.6 • pBelize 3.6 • ••Paraguay 3.6 • DeSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 3.6 • pNigeria 3.6 • pGuyana 3.6 • 5Cambodia 3.5 • pHungary 3.5 • pMozambique 3.5 • 5Mongolia 3.5 • DSierra Leone 3.5 • ••Burkina Faso 3.5 • pKyrgyz Republic 3.4 • DEl Salvador 3.4 • pBulgaria 3.4 • D


3.4 • ••Moldova 3.4 • pNicaragua 3.4 • DSerbia 3.4 • 5Ecuador 3.3 • LUkraine 3.3 • 5Madagascar 3.2 • DBosnia and Herzegovina 3.1 • DSuriname 3.1 • pBurundi 3.1 • 5Myanmar 3.0 • ••Bolivia 2.9 • LChad 2.9 • 5Zimbabwe 2.8 • 5Yemen, Rep. 2.8 • 5Mauritania 2.7 • pTimor-Leste 2.7 • 5

Libya 2.6 • pHaiti 2.5 • DAngola 2.4 • pVenezuela, RB 1.8 • pAfghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Congo NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Niger NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Sudan NA • ••Togo NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Switzerland 6.6 • 5Finland 6.5 • 5Singapore 6.3 • 5Luxembourg 6.3 • 5New Zealand 6.3 • 5United Kingdom 6.3 • 5Netherlands 6.2 • 5Norway 6.0 • 5Japan 6.0 • 5Canada 6.0 • 5Ireland 5.9 • 5Sweden 5.9 • 5Austria 5.9 • 5United Arab Emirates 5.9 • 5Belgium 5.8 • 5Iceland 5.8 • 5Denmark 5.8 • 5Australia 5.8 • 5United States 5.8 • 5Israel 5.7 • 5Qatar 5.6 • 5Germany 5.6 • 5France 5.5 • 5Estonia 5.4 • 5Rwanda 5.4 • 5Malaysia 5.3 • 5Bahrain 5.3 • 5Oman 5.2 • 5Malta 5.1 • 5Namibia 5.0 • 5Saudi Arabia 5.0 • 5Chile 5.0 • 5Bhutan 4.9 • ••Jordan 4.8 • 5Uruguay 4.8 • LCosta Rica 4.8 • LPanama 4.8 • pBotswana 4.8 • 5Portugal 4.8 • 5Azerbaijan 4.8 • pKorea, Rep. 4.8 • pCzech Republic 4.8 • pBarbados 4.7 • 5Mauritius 4.7 • 5South Africa 4.6 • 5Spain 4.6 • pMorocco 4.6 • LIndonesia 4.6 • LChina 4.6 • p

Cyprus 4.5 • pJamaica 4.5 • LKenya 4.5 • LSlovenia 4.5 • pRomania 4.5 • pBrunei Darussalam 4.4 • LIndia 4.4 • pTajikistan 4.4 • LGuinea 4.4 • ••Kuwait 4.4 • pGeorgia 4.3 • LLithuania 4.3 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 4.3 • ••Tunisia 4.3 • pBrazil 4.3 • pSenegal 4.3 • 5Armenia 4.3 • LGambia 4.3 • pGhana 4.2 • LZambia 4.2 • LCameroon 4.2 • DPhilippines 4.2 • LSlovak Republic 4.2 • pItaly 4.2 • pSri Lanka 4.2 • pTurkey 4.1 • LSeychelles 4.1 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 4.1 • pCabo Verde 4.1 • LCôte d'Ivoire 4.1 • LEthiopia 4.1 • pPoland 4.1 • pLatvia 4.0 • LKazakhstan 4.0 • L


4.0 • L

Greece 4.0 • pMexico 4.0 • DNepal 4.0 • DTanzania 4.0 • pGuatemala 3.9 • LColombia 3.9 • 5Gabon 3.9 • ••Thailand 3.9 • DBenin 3.9 • pDominican Republic 3.9 • 5Lebanon 3.9 • pMontenegro 3.9 • pLao PDR 3.9 • ••




The percentage of children under the age of five whose births are reported as being registered with the relevant national civil authorities.Source: UNICEF (2018) Year of reference: 2016

Birth registrations with civil authority, children under 5 years of age (%)

Maldives 92.5 • ••St. Lucia 92.0 • ••Djibouti 91.7 • ••Cabo Verde 91.0 • ••Philippines 90.2 • ••Gabon 89.6 • ••Guyana 88.7 • ••Tajikistan 88.4 • ••Dominican Republic 88.0 • ••Solomon Islands 88.0 • ••Comoros 87.3 • ••Mali 87.2 • ••Namibia 87.1 • ••South Africa 85.0 • ••Benin 84.8 • ••Nicaragua 84.7 • ••Paraguay 84.5 • ••Botswana 83.2 • ••Madagascar 83.0 • ••Nauru 82.6 • ••Myanmar 81.3 • ••Venezuela, RB 80.8 • ••Haiti 79.7 • ••Togo 78.1 • ••Burkina Faso 76.9 • ••Sierra Leone 76.7 • ••Bolivia 75.8 • ••Burundi 75.2 • ••Lao PDR 74.8 • ••Cambodia 73.3 • ••Indonesia 72.5 • ••Gambia 72.0 • ••India 71.9 • ••Ghana 70.5 • ••Senegal 68.3 • ••Sudan 67.3 • ••Malawi 67.2 • ••Kenya 66.9 • ••Cameroon 66.1 • ••Mauritania 65.6 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 65.0 • ••Niger 63.9 • ••Samoa 58.6 • ••Nepal 58.1 • ••Guinea 57.9 • ••Rwanda 56.0 • ••Timor-Leste 55.2 • ••Equatorial Guinea 53.5 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 53.5 • ••

Tuvalu 49.9 • ••Mozambique 47.9 • ••Zimbabwe 43.5 • ••Vanuatu 43.4 • ••Lesotho 43.3 • ••Afghanistan 42.3 • ••South Sudan 35.4 • ••Pakistan 33.6 • ••Yemen, Rep. 30.7 • ••Uganda 29.9 • ••Nigeria 29.8 • ••Tanzania 26.4 • ••Angola 25.0 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 24.6 • ••Liberia 24.6 • ••Guinea-Bissau 23.7 • ••Bangladesh 20.2 • ••Chad 12.0 • ••Zambia 11.3 • ••Somalia 3.0 • ••Ethiopia 2.7 • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••China NA • ••Croatia NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Korea, Rep. NA • ••Kuwait NA • ••Libya NA • ••Malaysia NA • ••Mauritius NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Oman NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Romania NA • ••Saudi Arabia NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Singapore NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••

Andorra 100.0 • ••Australia 100.0 • ••Austria 100.0 • ••Belarus 100.0 • ••Belgium 100.0 • ••Bulgaria 100.0 • ••Canada 100.0 • ••Cuba 100.0 • ••Cyprus 100.0 • ••Czech Republic 100.0 • ••Denmark 100.0 • ••Estonia 100.0 • ••Finland 100.0 • ••France 100.0 • ••Germany 100.0 • ••Greece 100.0 • ••Hungary 100.0 • ••Iceland 100.0 • ••Ireland 100.0 • ••Israel 100.0 • ••Italy 100.0 • ••Japan 100.0 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 100.0 • ••Latvia 100.0 • ••Liechtenstein 100.0 • ••Lithuania 100.0 • ••Luxembourg 100.0 • ••Malta 100.0 • ••Monaco 100.0 • ••Netherlands 100.0 • ••New Zealand 100.0 • ••Norway 100.0 • ••Poland 100.0 • ••Portugal 100.0 • ••Qatar 100.0 • ••Russian Federation 100.0 • ••San Marino 100.0 • ••Slovak Republic 100.0 • ••Slovenia 100.0 • ••Spain 100.0 • ••Sweden 100.0 • ••Switzerland 100.0 • ••United Arab Emirates 100.0 • ••United Kingdom 100.0 • ••United States 100.0 • ••Bhutan 99.9 • ••Uzbekistan 99.9 • ••Ukraine 99.8 • ••Uruguay 99.8 • ••

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 99.7 • ••Kazakhstan 99.7 • ••Algeria 99.6 • ••Costa Rica 99.6 • ••Georgia 99.6 • ••Moldova 99.6 • ••Turkmenistan 99.6 • ••Argentina 99.5 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 99.5 • ••Jamaica 99.5 • ••Lebanon 99.5 • ••Thailand 99.5 • ••Chile 99.4 • ••Egypt 99.4 • ••Montenegro 99.4 • ••Serbia 99.4 • ••Mongolia 99.3 • ••Iraq 99.2 • ••Tunisia 99.2 • ••Jordan 99.1 • ••Suriname 98.9 • ••Turkey 98.8 • ••Armenia 98.7 • ••Barbados 98.7 • ••Albania 98.6 • ••Colombia 98.6 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 98.6 • ••El Salvador 98.5 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 97.7 • ••Peru 97.7 • ••Sri Lanka 97.2 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 96.6 • ••Brazil 96.4 • ••Guatemala 96.4 • ••Vietnam 96.1 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 96.0 • ••Congo 95.9 • ••Marshall Islands 95.9 • ••Belize 95.7 • ••Panama 95.6 • ••São Tomé and Principe 95.2 • ••Mexico 95.0 • ••Ecuador 94.0 • ••Morocco 94.0 • ••Azerbaijan 93.6 • ••Honduras 93.6 • ••Kiribati 93.5 • ••Tonga 93.4 • ••




The perceived levels of public sector corruption, on a scale from 0 (highest level of percieved corruption) to 100 (lowest level of percieved corruption). The CPI aggregates data from a number of different sources that provide perceptions of business people and country experts.Source: Transparency International (2018) Year of reference: 2017

Corruption Perception Index (0-100)

Thailand 37 • 5Zambia 37 • 5Bahrain 36 • 5Côte d'Ivoire 36 • DMongolia 36 • DTanzania 36 • pArmenia 35 • 5Ethiopia 35 • 5


Vietnam 35 • 5Philippines 34 • 5Algeria 33 • 5Bolivia 33 • 5El Salvador 33 • 5Maldives 33 • ••Niger 33 • 5Ecuador 32 • 5Egypt 32 • DGabon 32 • pPakistan 32 • DTogo 32 • 5Azerbaijan 31 • 5Djibouti 31 • pKazakhstan 31 • 5Liberia 31 • pMalawi 31 • pMali 31 • 5Moldova 31 • pNepal 31 • 5Gambia 30 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 30 • pMyanmar 30 • DSierra Leone 30 • pUkraine 30 • 5Dominican Republic 29 • 5Honduras 29 • DKyrgyz Republic 29 • DLao PDR 29 • DMexico 29 • pPapua New Guinea 29 • 5Paraguay 29 • 5Russian Federation 29 • 5Bangladesh 28 • pGuatemala 28 • pKenya 28 • pLebanon 28 • pMauritania 28 • 5Comoros 27 • p

Guinea 27 • 5Nigeria 27 • pNicaragua 26 • pUganda 26 • pCameroon 25 • 5Mozambique 25 • 5Madagascar 24 • pCentral African Republic 23 • pBurundi 22 • 5Haiti 22 • pUzbekistan 22 • 5Zimbabwe 22 • 5Cambodia 21 • pCongo 21 • p

Democratic Republic of Congo 21 • 5

Tajikistan 21 • DChad 20 • 5Eritrea 20 • pAngola 19 • pTurkmenistan 19 • 5Iraq 18 • pVenezuela, RB 18 • pEquatorial Guinea 17 • ••Guinea-Bissau 17 • pKorea, Dem. Rep. 17 • 5Libya 17 • pSudan 16 • pYemen, Rep. 16 • pAfghanistan 15 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 14 • pSouth Sudan 12 • ••Somalia 9 • 5Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Belize NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

New Zealand 89 • 5Denmark 88 • 5Finland 85 • 5Norway 85 • 5Switzerland 85 • 5Singapore 84 • 5Sweden 84 • 5Canada 82 • 5Luxembourg 82 • 5Netherlands 82 • 5United Kingdom 82 • 5Germany 81 • 5Australia 77 • 5Iceland 77 • 5Austria 75 • 5Belgium 75 • 5United States 75 • 5Ireland 74 • 5Japan 73 • 5Estonia 71 • 5United Arab Emirates 71 • 5France 70 • 5Uruguay 70 • 5Barbados 68 • 5Bhutan 67 • 5Chile 67 • 5Bahamas, The 65 • 5Portugal 63 • 5Qatar 63 • 5Brunei Darussalam 62 • LIsrael 62 • 5Botswana 61 • 5Slovenia 61 • 5Poland 60 • LSeychelles 60 • LCosta Rica 59 • LLithuania 59 • LLatvia 58 • L

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 58 • 5

Cyprus 57 • 5Czech Republic 57 • LDominica 57 • LSpain 57 • pGeorgia 56 • 5Malta 56 • LCabo Verde 55 • pRwanda 55 • DSt. Lucia 55 • 5

Korea, Rep. 54 • pGrenada 52 • ••Namibia 51 • LItaly 50 • DMauritius 50 • pSlovak Republic 50 • LCroatia 49 • LSaudi Arabia 49 • LGreece 48 • LJordan 48 • LRomania 48 • DCuba 47 • pMalaysia 47 • DMontenegro 46 • DSão Tomé and Principe 46 • 5Hungary 45 • pSenegal 45 • LBelarus 44 • 5Jamaica 44 • DOman 44 • pBulgaria 43 • 5South Africa 43 • 5Vanuatu 43 • ••Burkina Faso 42 • 5Lesotho 42 • pTunisia 42 • pChina 41 • pSerbia 41 • 5Suriname 41 • pTrinidad and Tobago 41 • 5Ghana 40 • DIndia 40 • 5Morocco 40 • pTurkey 40 • pArgentina 39 • pBenin 39 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 39 • LKuwait 39 • LSolomon Islands 39 • ••Albania 38 • DBosnia and Herzegovina 38 • pGuyana 38 • 5Sri Lanka 38 • pTimor-Leste 38 • pBrazil 37 • pColombia 37 • 5Indonesia 37 • DPanama 37 • 5Peru 37 • p




The percentage of children, between the age of 5-14 years old, involved in child labour at the time of the survey. A child is considered to be involved in child labour under the following conditions: (a) children 5–11 years old who, during the reference week, did at least one hour of economic activity or at least 28 hours of household chores, or (b) children 12–14 years old who, during the reference week, did at least 14 hours of economic activity or at least 28 hours of household chores. We assumed 0% child labour for high-income countries for which no data was reported.Source: UNICEF (2018) Year of reference: 2016

Children 5–14 years old involved in child labour (%)

Myanmar 9.3 • ••Serbia 9.5 • ••Tajikistan 10.0 • ••Lao PDR 10.1 • ••Philippines 11.1 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 11.4 • ••India 11.8 • ••Mexico 12.4 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 12.5 • ••Montenegro 12.5 • ••Dominican Republic 12.8 • ••Gabon 13.4 • ••Honduras 14.1 • ••Nicaragua 14.5 • ••Vanuatu 15.2 • ••Moldova 16.3 • ••Uganda 16.3 • ••Vietnam 16.4 • ••Mongolia 17.3 • ••Guyana 18.3 • ••Gambia 19.2 • ••Cambodia 19.3 • ••Liberia 20.8 • ••Ghana 21.8 • ••Peru 21.8 • ••Comoros 22.0 • ••Mozambique 22.2 • ••Yemen, Rep. 22.7 • ••Lesotho 22.9 • ••Madagascar 22.9 • ••Senegal 23.0 • ••Congo 23.3 • ••Angola 23.4 • ••Haiti 24.4 • ••Nigeria 24.7 • ••Sudan 24.9 • ••Guatemala 25.8 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 25.8 • ••Kenya 25.9 • ••São Tomé and Principe 26.0 • ••Burundi 26.3 • ••Bolivia 26.4 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 26.4 • ••Ethiopia 27.4 • ••Paraguay 27.6 • ••Equatorial Guinea 27.8 • ••Togo 27.9 • ••Guinea 28.3 • ••

Central African Republic 28.5 • ••Rwanda 28.5 • ••Tanzania 28.8 • ••Afghanistan 29.4 • ••Niger 30.5 • ••Nepal 37.4 • ••Sierra Leone 37.4 • ••Mauritania 37.6 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 38.4 • ••Burkina Faso 39.2 • ••Malawi 39.3 • ••Zambia 40.6 • ••Cameroon 47.0 • ••Solomon Islands 47.8 • ••Somalia 49.0 • ••Guinea-Bissau 51.1 • ••Chad 51.5 • ••Benin 52.5 • ••Mali 55.8 • ••Bulgaria NA • ••China NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Libya NA • ••Malaysia NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritius NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Namibia NA • ••Pakistan NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Russian Federation NA • ••Samoa NA • ••South Africa NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••

Andorra 0.0 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 0.0 • ••Australia 0.0 • ••Austria 0.0 • ••Bahamas, The 0.0 • ••Belgium 0.0 • ••Brunei Darussalam 0.0 • ••Canada 0.0 • ••Croatia 0.0 • ••Cyprus 0.0 • ••Czech Republic 0.0 • ••Denmark 0.0 • ••Estonia 0.0 • ••Finland 0.0 • ••France 0.0 • ••Germany 0.0 • ••Greece 0.0 • ••Hungary 0.0 • ••Iceland 0.0 • ••Ireland 0.0 • ••Israel 0.0 • ••Italy 0.0 • ••Japan 0.0 • ••Korea, Rep. 0.0 • ••Kuwait 0.0 • ••Latvia 0.0 • ••Liechtenstein 0.0 • ••Lithuania 0.0 • ••Luxembourg 0.0 • ••Malta 0.0 • ••Monaco 0.0 • ••Nauru 0.0 • ••Netherlands 0.0 • ••New Zealand 0.0 • ••Norway 0.0 • ••Oman 0.0 • ••Poland 0.0 • ••Qatar 0.0 • ••San Marino 0.0 • ••Saudi Arabia 0.0 • ••Seychelles 0.0 • ••Singapore 0.0 • ••Slovak Republic 0.0 • ••Slovenia 0.0 • ••Spain 0.0 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 0.0 • ••Sweden 0.0 • ••Switzerland 0.0 • ••United Arab Emirates 0.0 • ••

United Kingdom 0.0 • ••United States 0.0 • ••Turkmenistan 0.3 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 0.7 • ••Romania 0.9 • ••Sri Lanka 1.0 • ••Belarus 1.4 • ••Jordan 1.7 • ••Barbados 1.9 • ••Lebanon 1.9 • ••Tunisia 2.1 • ••Kazakhstan 2.2 • ••Ukraine 2.4 • ••Panama 2.5 • ••Bhutan 2.9 • ••Belize 3.2 • ••Jamaica 3.3 • ••Portugal 3.4 • ••St. Lucia 3.9 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 4.0 • ••Costa Rica 4.1 • ••Suriname 4.1 • ••Georgia 4.2 • ••Timor-Leste 4.2 • ••Bangladesh 4.3 • ••Argentina 4.4 • ••Bahrain 4.6 • ••Iraq 4.7 • ••Ecuador 4.9 • ••Algeria 5.0 • ••Albania 5.1 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.3 • ••Turkey 5.9 • ••Cabo Verde 6.4 • ••Azerbaijan 6.5 • ••Brazil 6.6 • ••Chile 6.6 • ••Indonesia 6.9 • ••Egypt 7.0 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 7.3 • ••Djibouti 7.7 • ••Venezuela, RB 7.7 • ••Colombia 7.8 • ••Uruguay 7.9 • ••Morocco 8.3 • ••Thailand 8.3 • ••Armenia 8.7 • ••El Salvador 8.9 • ••Botswana 9.0 • ••




The volume of major conventional weapons exported, expressed in constant 1990 US$ millions per 100 000 people. It is calculated based on the trend-indicator value, which is based on the known unit production cost of a core set of weapons, and does not reflect the financial value of the exports. Small arms, light weapons, ammunition and other support material are not included.Source: Stockholm Peace Research Institute (2018) Year of reference: 2016

Transfers of major conventional weapons (exports) (constant 1990 US$ million per 100,000 population)

Oman 0.0 • ••Palau 0.0 • ••Panama 0.0 • ••Papua New Guinea 0.0 • ••Paraguay 0.0 • ••Peru 0.0 • ••Philippines 0.0 • ••Qatar 0.0 • ••Rwanda 0.0 • ••Samoa 0.0 • ••San Marino 0.0 • ••São Tomé and Principe 0.0 • ••Saudi Arabia 0.0 • ••Senegal 0.0 • ••Seychelles 0.0 • ••Sierra Leone 0.0 • ••Slovenia 0.0 • ••Solomon Islands 0.0 • ••Somalia 0.0 • ••South Sudan 0.0 • ••Sri Lanka 0.0 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 0.0 • ••St. Lucia 0.0 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.0 • ••Suriname 0.0 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0.0 • ••Tajikistan 0.0 • ••Tanzania 0.0 • ••Timor-Leste 0.0 • ••Togo 0.0 • ••Tonga 0.0 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 0.0 • ••Tunisia 0.0 • ••Turkmenistan 0.0 • ••Tuvalu 0.0 • ••Uganda 0.0 • ••Uruguay 0.0 • ••Vanuatu 0.0 • ••Venezuela, RB 0.0 • ••Vietnam 0.0 • ••Yemen, Rep. 0.0 • ••Zambia 0.0 • ••Zimbabwe 0.0 • ••Pakistan 0.0 • ••India 0.0 • ••Thailand 0.0 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • ••Egypt 0.0 • ••

Brazil 0.0 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.0 • ••Sudan 0.0 • ••Indonesia 0.0 • ••Ecuador 0.0 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.1 • ••Slovak Republic 0.1 • ••Poland 0.1 • ••Chile 0.1 • ••China 0.1 • ••Georgia 0.2 • ••Uzbekistan 0.2 • ••South Africa 0.2 • ••Botswana 0.2 • ••Belgium 0.2 • ••Austria 0.2 • ••Serbia 0.2 • ••Turkey 0.3 • ••Bulgaria 0.3 • ••United Arab Emirates 0.3 • ••Australia 0.3 • ••Denmark 0.4 • ••Hungary 0.4 • ••Ireland 0.5 • ••Portugal 0.5 • ••Romania 0.5 • ••Korea, Rep. 0.6 • ••Jordan 0.6 • ••New Zealand 0.6 • ••Singapore 0.6 • ••Czech Republic 0.7 • ••Canada 0.7 • ••Malta 1.2 • ••Italy 1.2 • ••Finland 1.3 • ••Belarus 1.3 • ••Brunei Darussalam 1.4 • ••Ukraine 1.6 • ••Spain 1.7 • ••Germany 2.0 • ••United Kingdom 2.0 • ••France 2.6 • ••United States 3.0 • ••Netherlands 3.3 • ••Switzerland 3.4 • ••Sweden 3.4 • ••Norway 3.5 • ••Russian Federation 4.6 • ••Israel 7.9 • ••

Afghanistan 0.0 • ••Albania 0.0 • ••Algeria 0.0 • ••Andorra 0.0 • ••Angola 0.0 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 0.0 • ••Argentina 0.0 • ••Armenia 0.0 • ••Azerbaijan 0.0 • ••Bahamas, The 0.0 • ••Bahrain 0.0 • ••Bangladesh 0.0 • ••Barbados 0.0 • ••Belize 0.0 • ••Benin 0.0 • ••Bhutan 0.0 • ••Bolivia 0.0 • ••Burkina Faso 0.0 • ••Burundi 0.0 • ••Cabo Verde 0.0 • ••Cambodia 0.0 • ••Cameroon 0.0 • ••Central African Republic 0.0 • ••Chad 0.0 • ••Colombia 0.0 • ••Comoros 0.0 • ••Congo 0.0 • ••Costa Rica 0.0 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 0.0 • ••Croatia 0.0 • ••Cuba 0.0 • ••Cyprus 0.0 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 0.0 • ••Djibouti 0.0 • ••Dominica 0.0 • ••Dominican Republic 0.0 • ••El Salvador 0.0 • ••Equatorial Guinea 0.0 • ••Eritrea 0.0 • ••Estonia 0.0 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 0.0 • ••Ethiopia 0.0 • ••Fiji 0.0 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)

0.0 • ••Gabon 0.0 • ••Gambia 0.0 • ••Ghana 0.0 • ••

Greece 0.0 • ••Grenada 0.0 • ••Guatemala 0.0 • ••Guinea 0.0 • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.0 • ••Guyana 0.0 • ••Haiti 0.0 • ••Honduras 0.0 • ••Iceland 0.0 • ••Iraq 0.0 • ••Jamaica 0.0 • ••Japan 0.0 • ••Kazakhstan 0.0 • ••Kenya 0.0 • ••Kiribati 0.0 • ••Kuwait 0.0 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0.0 • ••Lao PDR 0.0 • ••Latvia 0.0 • ••Lebanon 0.0 • ••Lesotho 0.0 • ••Liberia 0.0 • ••Libya 0.0 • ••Liechtenstein 0.0 • ••Lithuania 0.0 • ••Luxembourg 0.0 • ••Madagascar 0.0 • ••Malawi 0.0 • ••Malaysia 0.0 • ••Maldives 0.0 • ••Mali 0.0 • ••Marshall Islands 0.0 • ••Mauritania 0.0 • ••Mauritius 0.0 • ••Mexico 0.0 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0 • ••Moldova 0.0 • ••Monaco 0.0 • ••Mongolia 0.0 • ••Montenegro 0.0 • ••Morocco 0.0 • ••Mozambique 0.0 • ••Myanmar 0.0 • ••Namibia 0.0 • ••Nauru 0.0 • ••Nepal 0.0 • ••Nicaragua 0.0 • ••Niger 0.0 • ••Nigeria 0.0 • ••




Total general (local, regional and central) government expenditure on health and education (current, capital, and transfers), expressed as a percentage of GDP.Source: UNESCO (2018); WHO (2018g) Year of reference: 2006–2014

Government health and education spending (% GDP)

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 9.8 • ••Nepal 9.8 • pGuyana 9.8 • ••Ghana 9.7 • pMauritius 9.7 • DEthiopia 9.7 • pSamoa 9.7 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 9.6 • ••Burkina Faso 9.6 • pBhutan 9.5 • pUganda 9.4 • ••Malaysia 9.4 • DCabo Verde 9.3 • pGambia 9.3 • pTimor-Leste 9.3 • 5Lebanon 9.2 • pAlbania 9.2 • pPeru 9.2 • DGuatemala 9.1 • pTanzania 9.1 • 5Mongolia 9.1 • ••Benin 8.9 • 5Guinea 8.9 • LRomania 8.7 • pSyrian Arab Republic 8.7 • ••Azerbaijan 8.7 • DEgypt 8.6 • ••Algeria 8.6 • ••Congo 8.5 • ••India 8.4 • 5Guinea-Bissau 8.3 • ••Fiji 8.1 • 5Thailand 8.1 • 5San Marino 8.1 • ••Saudi Arabia 8.0 • ••Oman 7.7 • 5Cambodia 7.6 • pBahrain 7.4 • DSingapore 7.4 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 7.4 • ••Cameroon 7.3 • pKazakhstan 7.2 • ••Philippines 7.1 • ••Seychelles 7.0 • ••Angola 6.9 • ••Armenia 6.7 • pMauritania 6.6 • pDominican Republic 6.4 • ••

Chad 6.3 • 5Madagascar 6.2 • p

Democratic Republic of Congo 6.1 • ••Indonesia 6.1 • 5Gabon 6.1 • ••Kuwait 6.0 • ••Brunei Darussalam 6.0 • ••Zambia 6.0 • ••Qatar 5.8 • pSri Lanka 5.4 • 5Eritrea 5.4 • ••Monaco 5.4 • pLao PDR 5.2 • 5Pakistan 5.1 • pTurkmenistan 5.0 • ••Central African Republic 5.0 • ••Bangladesh 4.8 • pSouth Sudan 4.5 • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••China NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Haiti NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Jordan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Montenegro NA • ••Myanmar NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Nigeria NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Somalia NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••United Arab Emirates NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••

Cuba 23.0 • ••United States 22.5 • 5Lesotho 20.2 • ••Denmark 19.9 • 5Sweden 19.6 • LMaldives 17.9 • LMoldova 17.8 • 5Malta 17.7 • LSolomon Islands 17.5 • ••New Zealand 17.4 • 5Belgium 17.2 • LFrance 17.1 • 5Finland 16.8 • LNorway 16.8 • LSwitzerland 16.8 • LAustria 16.7 • LIceland 16.6 • 5Netherlands 16.4 • LeSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 16.3 • LGermany 16.2 • LNamibia 16.2 • ••Costa Rica 16.2 • LMalawi 16.2 • ••Canada 16.1 • ••Botswana 16.0 • ••Paraguay 15.3 • ••Honduras 15.0 • ••Zimbabwe 14.9 • ••United Kingdom 14.8 • LSouth Africa 14.8 • LSlovenia 14.8 • LAustralia 14.6 • LPortugal 14.6 • 5Serbia 14.5 • pBrazil 14.5 • LEcuador 14.4 • LBarbados 14.0 • LJapan 13.8 • LSierra Leone 13.8 • LBolivia 13.6 • LIsrael 13.6 • DCyprus 13.5 • pBurundi 13.4 • DTunisia 13.4 • ••Ireland 13.3 • pGreece 13.3 • ••Italy 13.3 • 5Djibouti 13.3 • ••Spain 13.3 • 5

Ukraine 13.0 • pLiberia 12.9 • ••Uruguay 12.9 • ••Vietnam 12.8 • LRwanda 12.7 • LVenezuela, RB 12.7 • ••Chile 12.5 • LNiger 12.5 • LCroatia 12.4 • 5Mozambique 12.4 • ••Slovak Republic 12.3 • DBelize 12.2 • LSão Tomé and Principe 12.1 • DSenegal 12.1 • LHungary 12.1 • pKyrgyz Republic 12.0 • 5Bulgaria 12.0 • DAfghanistan 12.0 • ••Estonia 11.9 • 5Colombia 11.9 • DKorea, Rep. 11.6 • ••St. Lucia 11.6 • pComoros 11.6 • pMexico 11.6 • DCzech Republic 11.6 • DJamaica 11.4 • pPoland 11.3 • pLithuania 11.2 • pLatvia 11.2 • pAndorra 11.1 • DNicaragua 11.1 • ••Luxembourg 11.0 • ••Kenya 11.0 • ••Morocco 10.9 • ••Russian Federation 10.7 • ••Panama 10.7 • ••Belarus 10.7 • 5Mali 10.6 • 5Georgia 10.6 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 10.4 • pTajikistan 10.4 • ••Yemen, Rep. 10.3 • ••Sudan 10.3 • ••El Salvador 10.2 • 5Turkey 10.2 • ••Togo 10.1 • DArgentina 10.1 • pVanuatu 9.9 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 9.8 • p




The amount of official development assistance (ODA) as a share of the provider country’s gross national income (GNI), in US$ constant prices. It includes grants, “soft” loans (where the grant element is at least 25% of the total) and the provision of technical assistance, and excludes grants and loans for military purposes.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% GNI)(For high-income and all OECD DAC countries)

United Arab Emirates 1.3 • ••Sweden 1.0 • 5Luxembourg 1.0 • 5Norway 1.0 • 5Denmark 0.7 • 5United Kingdom 0.7 • LGermany 0.7 • 5Netherlands 0.6 • pLiechtenstein 0.5 • ••Switzerland 0.5 • LBelgium 0.5 • pFrance 0.4 • pFinland 0.4 • LAustria 0.3 • pIreland 0.3 • pItaly 0.3 • pIceland 0.3 • pCanada 0.3 • pNew Zealand 0.2 • p

Japan 0.2 • 5Australia 0.2 • pMalta 0.2 • ••Spain 0.2 • pUnited States 0.2 • 5Portugal 0.2 • pEstonia 0.2 • 5Slovenia 0.2 • pGreece 0.2 • pKorea, Rep. 0.1 • 5Czech Republic 0.1 • pPoland 0.1 • 5Lithuania 0.1 • ••Slovak Republic 0.1 • pHungary 0.1 • 5Latvia 0.1 • 5Israel 0.1 • pCyprus 0.1 • ••Afghanistan NA • ••




The percentage share of tax revenues in a country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Tax revenues are seen as compulsory transfers to the central government for public purposes, excluding certain transfers such as fines, penalties and most social security contributions. Refunds and corrections of erroneously collected tax revenue are treated as negative revenue.Source: World Bank (2018) Year of reference: 2009–2016

Tax revenue (% GDP)(all other countries)

Dominican Republic 13.7 • pUganda 13.5 • ••Papua New Guinea 13.3 • ••Colombia 13.2 • DBhutan 13.2 • LLao PDR 12.9 • 5Brazil 12.8 • pParaguay 12.6 • DEgypt 12.5 • pArgentina 12.4 • pSri Lanka 12.4 • pBurundi 12.2 • ••Equatorial Guinea 12.0 • 5Tanzania 11.9 • ••Mongolia 11.3 • pIndia 11.0 • pGuatemala 10.4 • pIndonesia 10.3 • pAngola 10.3 • pKazakhstan 9.9 • ••Congo 9.4 • ••China 9.4 • pPakistan 9.2 • ••Russian Federation 9.1 • p

Democratic Republic of Congo 8.8 • ••Bangladesh 8.8 • 5Ethiopia 8.8 • 5Sierra Leone 8.6 • 5Afghanistan 7.6 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 7.4 • ••Myanmar 6.4 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 6.0 • LIraq 2.0 • ••Nigeria 1.5 • p

Algeria 37.2 • ••Lesotho 34.2 • 5Namibia 29.5 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 28.6 • ••Solomon Islands 27.2 • ••South Africa 27.1 • 5Jamaica 26.1 • pFiji 25.3 • ••Kiribati 24.5 • ••Samoa 24.2 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 23.8 • p

Georgia 23.5 • pBelize 23.4 • LMorocco 23.3 • ••Dominica 22.1 • pTogo 21.9 • LZimbabwe 21.4 • ••Armenia 21.2 • LTunisia 21.1 • ••Botswana 21.0 • 5Senegal 20.5 • DSt. Lucia 20.4 • pLiberia 20.3 • 5Mozambique 20.1 • ••Bulgaria 20.0 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 20.0 • pSerbia 19.7 • ••Ukraine 19.6 • pSuriname 19.5 • ••Maldives 19.5 • LGrenada 19.4 • pMoldova 19.4 • pPalau 19.2 • LVietnam 19.1 • pNepal 18.7 • L

Cabo Verde 18.4 • ••Turkey 18.3 • 5Mauritius 18.1 • DMarshall Islands 17.8 • pKyrgyz Republic 17.6 • ••Albania 17.6 • ••Honduras 17.5 • 5Uzbekistan 17.2 • ••Romania 16.8 • 5Vanuatu 16.6 • D


Nicaragua 16.2 • DKenya 15.9 • ••Thailand 15.7 • 5El Salvador 15.7 • 5Azerbaijan 15.6 • pBurkina Faso 15.5 • DMalawi 15.5 • DBenin 15.4 • pMali 15.4 • 5Jordan 15.3 • ••Cambodia 15.3 • LCôte d'Ivoire 15.2 • pRwanda 14.9 • ••Zambia 14.9 • DSão Tomé and Principe 14.6 • ••Lebanon 13.9 • pMexico 13.9 • ••Timor-Leste 13.9 • ••Belarus 13.9 • pCosta Rica 13.8 • pPeru 13.8 • 5Malaysia 13.8 • 5Ghana 13.7 • ••Philippines 13.7 • 5




Ranking of countries’ contribution to global corporate tax avoidance and evasion, on a scale from 0 (best) to 5 (worst). Calculated by first identifying a set of tax havens from various credible bodies, and then assessing three key elements for corporate tax dodging; corporate tax rates, the tax incentives offered, and lack of cooperation with international efforts against tax avoidance. The scale and global significance of the tax avoidance structures were taken into account.Source: Oxfam (2016) Year of reference: 2016

Tax Haven Score (best 0-5 worst)

Nepal 0 • ••New Zealand 0 • ••Nicaragua 0 • ••Niger 0 • ••Nigeria 0 • ••Norway 0 • ••Oman 0 • ••Pakistan 0 • ••Paraguay 0 • ••Peru 0 • ••Philippines 0 • ••Poland 0 • ••Portugal 0 • ••Qatar 0 • ••Romania 0 • ••Russian Federation 0 • ••Rwanda 0 • ••Saudi Arabia 0 • ••Senegal 0 • ••Serbia 0 • ••Sierra Leone 0 • ••Slovak Republic 0 • ••Slovenia 0 • ••South Africa 0 • ••Spain 0 • ••Sri Lanka 0 • ••Sudan 0 • ••Suriname 0 • ••Sweden 0 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0 • ••Tajikistan 0 • ••Tanzania 0 • ••Thailand 0 • ••Timor-Leste 0 • ••Togo 0 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 0 • ••Tunisia 0 • ••Turkey 0 • ••Uganda 0 • ••Ukraine 0 • ••United Arab Emirates 0 • ••Uruguay 0 • ••Uzbekistan 0 • ••Venezuela, RB 0 • ••Vietnam 0 • ••Yemen, Rep. 0 • ••Zambia 0 • ••Zimbabwe 0 • ••Bahrain 1 • ••

China 1 • ••Barbados 2 • ••Belgium 2 • ••United States 2 • ••Singapore 3 • ••Switzerland 3 • ••Cyprus 4 • ••Ireland 4 • ••Luxembourg 4 • ••Netherlands 4 • ••Panama 4 • ••United Kingdom 5 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Afghanistan 0 • ••Albania 0 • ••Algeria 0 • ••Angola 0 • ••Argentina 0 • ••Armenia 0 • ••Australia 0 • ••Austria 0 • ••Azerbaijan 0 • ••Bangladesh 0 • ••Belarus 0 • ••Belize 0 • ••Benin 0 • ••Bhutan 0 • ••Bolivia 0 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 • ••Botswana 0 • ••Brazil 0 • ••Bulgaria 0 • ••Burkina Faso 0 • ••Burundi 0 • ••Cabo Verde 0 • ••Cambodia 0 • ••Cameroon 0 • ••Canada 0 • ••Central African Republic 0 • ••Chad 0 • ••Chile 0 • ••Colombia 0 • ••Congo 0 • ••Costa Rica 0 • ••Côte d'Ivoire 0 • ••Croatia 0 • ••Cuba 0 • ••Czech Republic 0 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo

0 • ••Denmark 0 • ••Djibouti 0 • ••Dominican Republic 0 • ••Ecuador 0 • ••Egypt 0 • ••El Salvador 0 • ••Estonia 0 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 0 • ••Ethiopia 0 • ••Finland 0 • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 0 • ••

France 0 • ••Gabon 0 • ••Gambia 0 • ••Georgia 0 • ••Germany 0 • ••Ghana 0 • ••Greece 0 • ••Guatemala 0 • ••Guinea 0 • ••Guyana 0 • ••Haiti 0 • ••Honduras 0 • ••Hungary 0 • ••Iceland 0 • ••India 0 • ••Indonesia 0 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 0 • ••Iraq 0 • ••Israel 0 • ••Italy 0 • ••Jamaica 0 • ••Japan 0 • ••Jordan 0 • ••Kazakhstan 0 • ••Kenya 0 • ••Korea, Rep. 0 • ••Kuwait 0 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0 • ••Lao PDR 0 • ••Latvia 0 • ••Lebanon 0 • ••Lesotho 0 • ••Liberia 0 • ••Lithuania 0 • ••Madagascar 0 • ••Malawi 0 • ••Malaysia 0 • ••Mali 0 • ••Malta 0 • ••Mauritania 0 • ••Mauritius 0 • ••Mexico 0 • ••Moldova 0 • ••Mongolia 0 • ••Montenegro 0 • ••Morocco 0 • ••Mozambique 0 • ••Myanmar 0 • ••Namibia 0 • ••




The Index measures the contribution of each jurisdiction to financial secrecy, on a scale from 0 (best) to 100 (worst). It is calculated using qualitative data to prepare a secrecy score for each jurisdiction and quantitative data to create a global scale weighting for each jurisdiction according to its share of offshore financial services activity in the global total.Source: Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) Year of reference: 2018

Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst)(OECD Member States)

Slovenia 41.8 • ••United Kingdom 42.4 • ••Belgium 44.0 • ••Sweden 45.5 • ••Spain 47.7 • ••Italy 49.5 • ••Ireland 50.7 • ••Estonia 50.9 • ••Australia 51.2 • ••Norway 51.6 • ••France 51.7 • ••Denmark 52.5 • ••Finland 52.7 • ••Czech Republic 52.9 • ••Mexico 54.4 • ••Portugal 54.7 • ••Hungary 54.7 • ••Canada 54.8 • ••

Slovak Republic 54.9 • ••Austria 55.9 • ••New Zealand 56.2 • ••Poland 57.4 • ••Latvia 57.4 • ••Greece 57.9 • ••Luxembourg 58.2 • ••Korea, Rep. 59.0 • ••Germany 59.1 • ••United States 59.8 • ••Iceland 59.9 • ••Japan 60.5 • ••Chile 61.6 • ••Israel 63.3 • ••Netherlands 66.0 • ••Turkey 68.0 • ••Switzerland 76.5 • ••

poverty headcount ratio at $1.90/day (% population) · poverty headcount ratio at $1.90/day (%...

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