Poverty & Environment Nexus

Sub-regional Conference,June 21-22, 2006,

Vientiane, Lao PDR

44.9

38.2

32.5

18.821.3

15.5

11.25

25

17

1,2421,190

1,1351,130

953

790

692

633

838

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

Poverty in Thailand 1988-2004: Poverty Line & Poverty Incidence

Pove

rt y I n

ci den

ce (

%) Povert y Line (baht)

Poverty Incidence by Region 1988-2004

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

North Northeast Central South Bangkok

Selected indicators 2004

19.0%

27.2%

9.8%

15.9%

0.5%3.3%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Using open water sources(well or underground water)

Drinking water from opensources (well or underground

water)

No latrine

Non-poor Poor

Access to water & sanitation by the poor, 1990-2004

7.30%

69.90%

13.10%

63.70%

42.60%37.30%

51.40%

27.20%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

1990 1994 2000 2004

Inside piped water Supply-Private Well or Underground water

4.7%

47.4%

35.9%

6.3%

36.6%

45.1%

12.7%

19.6%

57.3%

17.1% 15.9%

52.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

1990 1994 2000 2004

Inside piped water Supply-Private Well or Underground water Rain Water

77.8%

89.8% 87.5%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1994 2000 2004

Mould LatrineWater supply

Drinking water

Land Settlement & Land ReformYear

Items1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Land allotment areas (mil. Rais)

3.247 1.881 1.920 2.008 3.252 3.176 3.178

Areas received land entitlement certificates (mil. Rais)

2.306 2.732 2.871 3.891 3.384 3.227 3.261

No. of land entitlement certificates issued

157,746

202,657

218,330

235,778

252,841

240,713

239,450

Budget expenditure (mil. Baht)

228 200 125 123 258 152 172

Information system for poverty analysis & monitoring

1. Household socio-economic survey by National Statistics Office—nationwide sample survey

2. Basic minimum need indicators by Ministry of Interior—every household in rural area

3. National rural development information—every village in rural area

4. Registration of the poor

Information system for poverty analysis & monitoring (cont.)

1. Household socio-economic survey which is conducted by National Statistics Office since 1967, then collects every two years since 1986.

• Household’s income and consumption expenditure pattern

• Housing & sanitary conditions: types of material use, types of toilet, types of drinking water & water supply, land entitlement.

Information system for poverty analysis & monitoring (cont.)

2. Basic minimum need indicators collect every year by Ministry of Interior, since 1982. BMN provides information on well-being of villagers. It has 8 categories, 39 Indicators, for example:

Housing: 5 indicators, e.g., durable condition, sanitation, sufficient clean drinking water, livable, free from polluted environment;

Environmental protection: engaging in conservation of natural resource, protecting environment.

Information system for poverty analysis & monitoring (cont.)

3. National rural development information provides basic information of development situation at village level. It started in 1982—evolved over period of time, collecting biennially—even year.

Basic structure: land document, electricity, transportation, land entitlement;

Production, Income & Employment Local business, employment, wage, farming production,

migration, etc. Education: 6 indicators Health: 6 indicators Environmental Protection: 3 indicators

Data, Data, Everywhere

Courtesy: Carla Abouzahr, Director MHI, WHO.

Physical & environment database Socio-economic database (GPP) Government program/project database (GFMIS) Local network database

Family Folder

Community action plan at Tambon level

Monitoring &

progressreport

quaterly

External evaluation by NESDB

1 2

3

8

Family plan Civil societyCivil society commitment45

Identifying problems &situation analysis at

Tambon & district level

Family Folder

District operationPlan &

networking7

9ศูนยป์ฏิบติัการวเิคราะห์ศูนยป์ฏิบติัการวเิคราะห์

War RoomWar Room

6

Working ProcessBasic information for

problem solving

Physical & environmental database

Physical & environmental database

Socio-economic database

At household, village, Tambon, district levels

Physical & environment database Socio-economic database (GPP) Government program/project database (GFMIS) Local network database

Family Folder

Community action plan at Tambon level

Monitoring &

progressreport

quaterly

External evaluation by NESDB

1 2

3

8

Family plan Civil societyCivil society commitment45

Identifying problems &situation analysis at

Tambon & district level

Family Folder

District operationPlan &

networking7

9ศูนยป์ฏิบติัการวเิคราะห์ศูนยป์ฏิบติัการวเิคราะห์

War RoomWar Room

6

Working ProcessBasic information for

problem solving

• Hill tribe people who had the conscience for conserving the forest and other natural resources, but were faced with poverty as well as lack of cultivated land, to live in this area. – Qualified participants must be:

•Poor •Landless who make a living from hiring

out;•Not involved with drugs.

Key Interventions• Land settlementLand settlement: each household was allocated

approximately 2 rai (0.8 acres) of land for cultivation. The people obtained knowledge suitable for their agricultural occupation and possessed positive concern for the conservation of the natural resources.

• Water source management: Building check dam and transferring water from natural creeks to bamboo pipe for household consumption as well as through small irrigation channel for agricultural activities.

• Food security: a village rice bank was set up to ensure a sufficient amount of rice for the people to eat during off-harvest season.

• Health: trained village’s health volunteer to take care of the people’s health and sanitation matters.

• Education: providing compulsory education & non-formal education.

Persistence paid off

Courtesy: Dr.Ties Boerma, Director MHI, WHO.