poultry. all cultures accept poultry for human consumption muslim and jewish cultures do not eat...

22
POULTRY

Upload: alivia-gorsuch

Post on 31-Mar-2015

213 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

POULTRY

Page 2: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

POULTRY

• All cultures accept poultry for human consumption•Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork•Hindu cultures do not eat beef

Page 3: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

3 TOP PRODUCERS OF POULTRY IN THE WORLD

1. China2. Soviet Union3. United States

• At one time in our history, all families in rural areas had some type of poultry. Not only did chickens provide the family with fresh eggs, but also with fresh meat.

Page 4: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

BROILER

•Broiler Industry: the raising of chickens for meat

•Broiler: a bird that is grown to about 7 or 8 weeks old and is dressed for market

Page 5: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

BROILER COMPANY

• In the broiler industry, a company such as Tyson, Perdue, etc. will supply the producer (farmer) with the chicks, feed, medications, vaccines, and other supplies.• The company also agrees to pay the

producer a predetermined price per pound for the boilers produced.

Page 6: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

BROILER PRODUCER

• The producer provides• The house• Feeding and watering equipment• Utilities• Litter material• Waste disposal• Labor

Page 7: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

VERTICAL INTEGRATION

• The company is usually vertically integrated.• Vertical Integration: the company owns the hatchery, feed mills, processing plants, and distribution centers

Page 8: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

BROILER HOUSING

• A broiler house can hold 6,000 to 40,000 birds• When the birds are small, heat is provided by

brooders. Brooders are powered by gas or electricity.• The houses is lighted almost around the clock• According to the research, light greatly reduces

cannibalism.• Cannibalism: the attacking of birds by other

birds in a flock• Lights are turned out for 1 hour each night to

keep the birds from becoming hyperactive in the event that the power goes out

Page 9: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

BROILER PRODUCTION

• Begins with the production of eggs to be hatched for young broilers• The parents are selected because of their

rapid growth rate and large amount of breast meat• Broiler hens are quite different in

appearance from egg laying hens• Layers that produce eggs for consumption

are selected for their egg laying capacity

Page 10: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

BROILER PRODUCTION

• Most broilers are hybrid birdsoCrossed between different breeds of chickens to

produce the meaty birds that are desired

• Crossbred birds are generally healthier and grow faster than purebred animalsoKnown as heterosis or hybrid vigor

Page 11: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

THE PROCESS

• Step 1: Eggs are produced at a laying facility• Step 2: Eggs are transported to a

hatchery where they are incubated and hatched• Step 3: Hatched chickens are transported

to a broiler house• Step 4: Grown to 6 or 7 weeks old before

they are ready for the market

Page 12: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

AT THE BROILER HOUSE

• Before the birds arrive, the house is• Cleaned• Disinfected• Litter is placed on the ground

• Litter• Placed on the floor• Keeps the birds clean and dry• Usually consists of shavings or sawdust

Page 13: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

AT THE BROILER HOUSE

• Brooders are large pan-shaped heaters that are used to keep the chicks warm during their first days in the house.

• Birds are fed by conveyer belts that automatically food. Water is also supplied automatically.

• Once the birds reach 6-7 weeks old, they are ready for market

• They are usually caught at night when they are less active

• Once the birds are gone, the litter must be changed

• The litter is used as a fertilizer for pastures and growing plants.

Page 14: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

LAYER INDUSTRYEGGS

• The consumption of eggs has greatly decreased over the last 30 years• Reflection of dietary changes

• Over 90% of eggs are produced by layers in cages• Hens live in cages• Usually 4 hens per cage

• The birds have been developed to tolerate the confinement operation and to effectively produce eggs

Page 15: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

LAYERS

• The smaller birds use a large proportion of their metabolism to produce eggs instead of producing muscles and body size.• Produce brown and white eggs

• In the US, the vast majority of eggs sold are white eggs because that is what the consumer prefers

Page 16: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

LAYERS

• Lighting is carefully controlled• Hens naturally lay eggs in the spring and

summer months• Days are longer with more hours of light and

fewer hours of dark in the spring• In these facilities, the light is controlled to

allow 14-15 hours of light each day• Once the hens reach maturity, they receive

15 hours of light per day

Page 17: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

EGGS

• The hens lay their eggs• The eggs drop onto a conveyor belt• The conveyor belt carries the eggs to a collection point• At the processing plant, the eggs are coated with a thin coat of light mineral oil.• The mineral oil prevents carbon dioxide from

escaping from inside of the eggs.

Page 18: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

EGGS

•Graded according to shape and size

• Candling: the process using intense light to check for cracks and interior spots

Page 19: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

TURKEYS

• 2nd only to chickens in the production of poultry• 1/3 of all sales occur in the weeks surrounding

Thanksgiving and Christmas holidays• Turkeys produced are descendants of wild

turkeys native to the Americas• Consumers prefer to buy white turkeys and

white chickens• Birds with colored feathers have spots on their

skin

Page 20: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

TURKEYS

•White Turkeys• Mutation• Created by accident when the gene for skin

pigmentation was left out

• From there, a heavily muscled, broad breasted bird was developed• Poor breeders• Must be bred by AI

Page 21: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

GROWING TURKEYS

•Most are grown in South Atlantic region of the US • North Carolina

• 2 Methods for growing Turkeys1. Confinement Houses2. Open Range• Downside to open range: disease and parasites

Page 22: POULTRY. All cultures accept poultry for human consumption Muslim and Jewish cultures do not eat pork Hindu cultures do not eat beef

OTHER POULTRY

•Duck, quail, and pheasant are produced for restaurants.

•Quail and pheasants are produced for re-stocking wildlife areas.