Poultry industry of PakistanPresentation by:

Usman Ali 11-ntu-1093Usman muneer 11-ntu-1063Waqas Ali 11-ntu-1097Yusra Anees 11-ntu-1098Uzman saleem 11-ntu-1095

Poultry definedPoultry science is the study of principles and practices involved in the poultry sector

Campaign launched in 1963 to increase the poultry production of the country

Allotment of state lands on lease for poultry farms

Development of Pakistan's poultry industry first phase is 1960-1970 2nd phase 1971-1975 3rd phase is 1976-1980 and onwards

Overview of poultry sector in pakistan

Sector generates employement for 1.5 million people

At present 50 billion of agriculture produce and bio products are used in poultry feed.

Human resources

Almost every household and some urban households raise poultry.

Contribution to egg production is 41.6%. Contribution to meat production is 24.3%. Breeds (local, imported)

Rural poultry

Farms 25897 Hatcheries 305 Feed mills 154 Share in eggs production 58.4%. Share in meat production 75.7%

Intensive (commercial) poultry

In the province of Punjab poultry farms are well established in the areas of

Rawalpindi Faisalabad Multan Lahore Bahawalpur Rahimyar khan Miamwali

Poultry states in pakistan

In the province of Sindh, there are farms in

Mirpurkhas Sukhur Nawabshah and in some other small cities

Poultry states continue…

Poultry farms can be of two types

1. Breeding farms

2. Layer farms

Types of farms

Aseel

Originated from Southern Punjab of pakistan

Types of chickens used in poultry

Sadal

A very large population of this type in Pakistan

Have longer legs with thin thighs and little wattles with pea-combs.

 Buff orpington chicken

 There are Black Orpingtons, White Orpingtons, Blue Orpingtons (somewhat rare), and Buff Orpingtons - the Buff color being the most prevalent.

They are raised for the purposes of both meat and egg production (a "dual purpose" breed).

Broiler chicken

Broilers are chickens (Gallus domestic us) bred and rose specifically for meat production.

Most commercialy used breed.

Black bantam chicken

Black bantam is a breed of chicken origin-ating in Japan.

They are a breed with large upright tails that often reach over the chicken's head.

Silkie hens chicken

The breed has several other unusual qualities, such as black skin, flesh, and bones, blue earlobes, and five toes on each foot, whereas most chickens only have four.

Laying about three eggs a week, they are commonly used to hatch eggs.

Pakistan produces 6.5 thousand million eggs and 340 thousand tones poultry meat.

The consumption of poultry feed increased with their ages. It reached its peak (135g/bird/ day) at 25 weeks age. Then it declined slightly reaching 124g / bird/ day at 33 weeks of age.

The capacity of the layers farm varies from 2000 to 20000 birds and that of the broilers farms from 103 to 403 birds per annum.

WEIGHT VERSUS PRODUCTION

The majority of such farmers are generally in and around the cities like Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, and Faisalabad.

There are also some local breeds, which are highly productive and are more adaptive to the local conditions.

A laying bird produces an average of 250 eggs per year and the average live weight of the broiler is recommended as 1200 grams ( or 1.2 kg), at 8 weeks of age.

The poultry sector is now on the second number, especially when it comes to the economy of the country.

The sector is made up of1. 280 hatcheries2. 139 feeding mills3. 20000 layers, breeding and other broiler

farms4. Millions of chickens and chicks

Contribution to the economy of Pakistan

industry is importing more than 100,000 grandparents from countries like Holland, USA, China and Germany

These grandparents in return contribute towards the production 500 million commercial broilers.

These broilers in return are providing 450,000 metric tons of the poultry meat.

There are a number of other factors that have undermined its growth.

1. Extreme changes in the weather2. Poor farming and management practices3. Rise in the mortality rate4. Economical downfall5. Lack of investment6. Various outbreaks that result from time to

time

Commercial chicken houses and controlled sheds can provide the solution to this hazardous situation.

1. The commercial poultry houses should also be due attention towards the wellbeing and health of the birds and other domesticated farms.

2. All of the key players in poultry must work in collaboration with each other, so that the current dynamics and changes can be pacified and brought to be more balanced state.

3. The poultry business is effectuated negatively in times of the extreme weather whether summer or winter.

  In last 50 years, year 2013 has proved to be the

worst year for poultry industry

average sale price of chicken during this calendar year remained Rs15 less than the cost of production, translating into total loss of Rs30 billion to the industry.

inflicting loss of more than Rs15 on sale of one kg chicken on average.

the total loss mounts to around Rs30 billion on sale of 1 billion birds or 2 billion kg chicken meet.

2013 worst year for poultry sector

Role of feed and nutrition for livestock production is as essential.

A good nutrition plays a significant role for optimum production.

on a scale of 1 to 10, it has rating of 7.

Feed and feed manufacturing industry

commercial poultry farming was introduced by PIA in collaboration with Shavers

Feed manufacturing was started in 1962 by another multinational, Lever Brothers under foreign tutelage.

They started first commercial poultry feed mill at Rahim Yar Khan at the center of Pakistan.

History

To provide feed in Punjab Late Mian Mukhtar (elder brother of Mian Mumtaz) constructed a feed mill, Ani Feed in Gujranwala in 1967.

Then to meet growing demand of poultry feed, especially in Punjab, two new feed mills emerged, Ravi Feeds in Lahore and Al-Fatah Feeds in Faisalabad in 1969.

In nineteen eighties, more feed mills were constructed all over Pakistan.

Olympia group started their second feed mill, Punjab Feeds near Sheikhupura.

From 1990 onward growth in poultry sector was on tremendous scale

Shahzor group (now named as Sabir's) has erected and started Multan Feeds near Multan while Sharif Feed by Sharif's (Shahbaz Sharif family) has also commenced its commercial operation

science of nutrition along with genetic potential of the commercial chicken was not as of present day chicken

At that time, in meat production (broiler) a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 2.5 (that is 3 Kg of feed for one Kg of live weight) with live weight of 1.25 to 1.5 Kg in 8 weeks was considered to be best.

For egg laying bird 150 eggs per hen per cycle was considered best and feed intake of 130 to 150 grams per hen per day for this kind of production was also thought to be acceptable without considering nutrients supply per unit basis.

Evolution of the Science of Nutrition and Feed Manufacturing.

Lever Feeds also introduced crumb feed but it totally flopped and they had to close crumb feed manufacturing.

Pellet and Crumb feed was re-introduced by Late Sheikh Anwar of Sind Feed in mid to late eighties closely followed by Olympia group.

then post grinding system along with better conditioning systems for pelleting was evolved.

Now the feed manufacturing operation is much more systematized with the use of automatic batch controllers and computerized program with logical control (PLC) to produce high quality feed

Just like you needed different food when you were a baby, a chicken has different nutrient needs at the different stages of her life.

FOR LAYER HENS:

1. feed your chicks a starter feed that has a protein level of 20-22 percent.

2. Once the chicks hit six weeks of age, feed them pullet grower (14 to 16 percent protein) until age 20 weeks.

3. After that, switch your hens to layer feed with a protein level of 15 to 18 percent.

Feeding Schedules and Types of Feed

1. Provide broiler starter with a protein level of 20 to 24 percent from the point of hatching to six weeks of age.

2. After that, switch your meat chickens to broiler finisher (16 to 20 percent protein) until the birds are sent to be slaughtered.

raising meat birds

Higher rates of poultry feed and chicks are the main problems for the poultry industry.

For these reasons, broiler meat is being supplied at high rates to people.

around 23,000 poultry farms had been closed down due to these problems.

Impact on total cost:

Poultry feed over view

70% of feed is provided by feed mills.

Ingredients: Wheat, Rice, Maize, Sorghum Barley, sea food, pulses and vitamins.

Consumption of feed per day for a chicken is 124-135 grams.

Modified feeds that contain balanced diets (Medium Protein Diet).

Automatic batch controller and computerized manufacturing program has minimized human involvement and reduced chances of impurity.

R&D in Feed Industry

Rural poultry sector can be enhanced.

To established small poultry units of varying sizes in the villages to increase production of village level.

To improve poultry health and extension services vaccination against contagious diseases.

To establish poultry processing plants and cold stores to provide ready market for broilers.

Approaches to increase production

Avian Influenza:

Avian influenza, sometimes avian flu, and commonly bird flu, refers to influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds.

“Bird flu” is a phrase similar to “Swin flu”, “Dog flu”, or “horse flu”.

Swine Flu:

Swine influenza, also called pig influenza, swine flu, hog flu, is an infection by any one of several types of swine influenza.

Disease Related To Poultry

It is a well-known fact that poultry farming is a profitable business but is has also some disadvantages some disease such as

Newcastle disease infectious bronchitis gumboro disease fowl pox myco plasmosis

Therefore the chickens should be vaccinated regularly and properly.

Disadvantages

Vaccination industry (medicines,veterinary doctors)

In Pakistan, 3 companies are producing medicines. 90% of medicines are imported, most of them from USA and Germany.

R&D in medicines are very expensive.

International Vaccine Brands (SELMORE-COREPSOL-ALLTECH-BIOPLEX-GOLDEN HARVEST-AVIPRO-BEDSON-FOSBAC)

Vet doctors(chemotherapy and management) multiple drug therapy fungal infection, digestive problems delay growth traces

Special grants and interest free loans to be given to small commercial poultry farmers whose establishments have been destroyed.

Import duties upon the import of feed additive, pharmaceutical products and equipment be withdraw.

Poultry industry presently be declared a calamity hit industry.

Electricity tarriff for the poultry farms should be the same as to other industrial units.

Some Recommendations to improve the industry.