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TRANSCRIPT
15/07/2019
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Heide Spiegel1, Andreas Baumgarten1,
Andreas Bohner2, Robert Jandl3, Ina Meyer4, Sigbert Huber5,
Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern6, Taru Sandén1
Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Department for Soil Health and Plant Nutrition
POTENTIAL, LIMITS AND
MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR CARBON
SEQUESTRATION IN AUSTRIAN SOILS
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Role of the soil within climate change
Soil as a source
• Source of CO2 (land use change, tillage)
• Source of nitrous oxide, ammonia - inefficient use of nitrogen
Soil as a sink
• SOC sequestration
• Sustainable soil management
Soil as "concerned“, e.g.
• Soil erosion
• Soil biodiversity
• Soil properties
• function fulfillment (LANDMARK project)
A wide range of topics
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• Evaluation of Austrian long-term experiments and monitoring data in arable land, grassland
and forest regarding carbon sequestration
• Development of a long-term 0,4%-Szenario until 2050 for Austria, including the involvement
of all stakeholders
• Economic assessment of the 4-per-mille land management scenario
• Evaluate impacts of the 4-per-mille initiative on selected Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs)
• Estimate SOC sequestration in unmanaged soils (e.g. soils above the forest line, wetlands,
which are non-target of 4-per-mille) compared to managed soils (target of 4-per-mille).
CASAS - CArbon Sequestration in Austrian SoilsStart: September 2019
Jandl, 2018
AGES LONG-TERM FIELD EXPERIMENTS
Trajanov, A. Spiegel, H.,
Debeljak, M., Sandén, T.
2018.
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Tillage experiment (Fuchsenbigl, Marchfeld) since 1988
Effects of different tillage systems
• conventional ploughing (CT), 25-30 cm
• reduced tillage (cultivator, RT), ca. 15 cm
• minimum tillage (rotary driller, MT), 5-8 cm
on
chemical, physical and microbial soil parameters (Kandeler et al., 1999; Spiegel et al., 2002 and 2007, Tatzber et al., 2007, 2008, 2009; Franko, Spiegel 2016)
yields and quality of crops
9 plots, size 60x12m /720 m²; 3 replicates, randomised block design
Soil: Haplic Chernozem (WRB, 2015)
SOC concentrations (0-10cm, 20-30 cm) Tillage experiment (Fuchsenbigl, Marchfeld)
a MT
b RTb CT
CT
MT
RT
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SOC stocks (0-30 cm) Tillage experiment (Fuchsenbigl, Marchfeld)
MT
RT
CTa
a
b
Effects of long term (different P-
fertilisation and) incorporation/removal
of crop residues on
dynamics of SOM
on two different sites (Marchfeld and
Alpenvorland)
32 plots, size 30x7.5 m / 225m²;
8 variants, 4 replicates, 2x(4x4) latin
square
Crop residue management since 1982/1986
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SOC
Alpenvorland Marchfeld
crop residue removal/incorporation
Treatments:
• control ( 0 kg N )
• mineral N fertilizer (40 – 80 – 120 kg N)
• compost (175 kg N ha-1)
• bio waste compost (OWC)
• green waste compost (GWC)
• manure compost (MC)
• sewage sludge compost (SSC)
• compost (175 kg N + 80 kg mineral N)
64 plots, size 5x6 m /30 m²; 4 replicates, randomised block design
Crop rotation: w. barley - maize – pea (without compost) –w.wheat
Soil: cambisol, loamy silt (17 % clay), pH (CaCl2) 6.9
Compost trial Upper Austria since 1991
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SOCCompost trial Upper Austria
a SSC
b GWC, OWCb FYMC
b 0,40 mineral N fertilisation
SOC highest after
• organic fertilisation (e.g. FYM, compost)
• incorporation of crop residues
• reduction of tillage (depth and frequency)
SOC: maintenance at most of the investigated sites possible, if
• tillage is reduced to a minimum
• crop residues (cereal grain straw, maize stover, sugar beet leaves) remain on the field, organic fertilisation
• continuation improved management practices necessary!
Plant cover as long as possible: arable crops followed by cover crops or
legume forage plants
SOC sequestration in arable fields?
GHG emissions?
Conclusions
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Long-term field experiments: indispensable to quantify the effects of different
agricultural management (e.g. tillage, fertilisation, management of crop
residues, crop rotation) on soil and crop parameters – soil quality/soil
fertility/soil health
Beyond CO2 storage – SOC increasing agricultural practices: sustainable
management
4-per-mille initiative - soil awareness-raising
Take home messages
AGES – Austrian Agency for Health & Food Safety
www.ages.at
Heide Spiegel, PhD
Senior Scientist
Spargelfeldstraße 191
1220 Vienna Austria