postpartum_family_planning.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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JS@O[ A@ZHS
]@Q[]FS[XGJFGIDY
]DFOOIOEQuppdhghot t`[lh ]lidippiohs Adioiafd Qtfokfrks Gfoufd
`o Jfgidy ]dfooioe
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[lis Quppdhghot is gfkh p`ssicdh cy tlh ehohr`us supp`rt `j tlh Fghriafo
]h`pdh tlr`uel tlh Xoithk Qtfths Fehoay j`r Iothrofti`ofd Khvhd`pghot
(XQFIK). [lh a`othots `j tlis Quppdhghot frh tlh s`dh rhsp`osicidity `j GALI]
]lidippiohs fok k` o`t ohahssfridy rhhat tlh vihws `j XQFIK `r tlh Xoithk
Qtfths E`vhroghot.
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=6
[FCDH @J A@O[HO[Q
J`rhw`rk
Fabo`wdhkehghots
Far`oygs
Iotr`kuati`o
Dfatfti`ofd Fghoo`rrlhf Ghtl`k (DFG)
L`rg`ofds> ]r`ehstio @ody
]r`ehstio-@ody ]idds
]r`ehstio-@ody Ionhaticdh
Qioedh S`k Quckhrgfd Igpdfot
]`stpfrtug Iotrfuthrioh Khviah (]]IXK)
]`st Gisafrrifeh Jfgidy ]dfooioe
Shjhrhoah Qhati`o
Foohx> Sha`rkioe ]`stpfrtug Jfgidy ]dfooioe
3
1
;
8
5
Alfirphrs`o>
Kr. Irgf Fsuoai`oKhpfrtghot j Lhfdtl
Ghgchrs>
Kr. L`o`rftf Aftic`eKhpfrtghot j Lhfdtl
Kr. Jd`rhoaif FpfdhKhpfrtghot j Lhfdtl
Kr. Chrofch GfriokuquhGALI]
Gfrih Erfah Gfth`GALI]
Kr. Ayotlif EfraifDuz`oLhfdtl
Kr. N`yah G`okiofKr. N`sh JfchddfGhg`rifd L`spitfd
A`osuhd` Fo`ouhv`XQFIK
Uh l`ph tlft fs g`rh lhfdtlafrh pr`vikhrs fok jfaiditihs far`ss tlh a`uotry
iotherfth tlh p`stpfrtug jfgidy pdfooioe shrviahs iot` tlhir hxistioe Gfthrofd fok
Alidk Lhfdtl pr`erfgs, wh widd ch fcdh t` pr`vikh liel qufdity shrviahs t` g`rh
w`gho wl` ohhk jfgidy pdfooioe shrviahs fok hvhotufddy falihvh `ur GKEs ; &
8 a`ggitghots t` rhkuah gfthrofd fok alidk g`rtfdity.
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FAS@OYGQ
FIKQ Faquirhk Igguo`khaihoay Qyokr`gh
FG[QD Fativh Gfofehghot `j tlh [lirk Qtfeh `j Dfc`r
FSZ Foti-rhtr`virfd
AL@ Aity Lhfdtl @jah
KG]F Khp`-Ghkr`xypr`ehsthr`oh Fahtfth
K@L Khpfrtghot `j Lhfdtl
J] Jfgidy ]dfooioe
LIZ Lugfo Igguo`khaihoay Zirus iojhati`o
IAZ Ioj`rghk Al`iah fok Z`duotfrisg
IG Iotrf-gusaudfr
IXK Iotrfuthrioh a`otrfahptivh Khviah
DFG Dfatfti`ofd Fgho`rrlhf Ghtl`k
DFSA D`oe-fatioe Shvhrsicdh A`otrfahptivh
GAL Gfthrofd fok Alidk Lhfdtl
GHA Ghkiafd Hdieicidity Arithrif
]IK ]hdvia Iofggft`ry Kishfsh
]]J] ]`stpfrtug Jfgidy ]dfooioe
]]IXK ]`stpfrtug Iotrfuthrioh Khviah]S@G ]r`d`oehk Supturh `j Ghgcrfoh
SLX Surfd Lhfdtl Xoit
Q[I Qhxufddy [rfosgitthk Iojhati`o
Z[H Zho`us [lr`gc`hgc`disg
UL@ U`rdk Lhfdtl @refoizfti`o
=;
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IO[S@KXA[I@O
=8
[lh pr`visi`o `j Jfgidy ]dfooioe (J]) shrviahs io tlh p`stpfrtug phri`k, wlho
f w`gfo is g`st rhahptivh, is o`t r`utioh j`r g`st prfatiti`ohrs iov`dvhk io J]/
GAL afrh. Gfn`rity `j p`stpfrtug w`gho wlho fsbhk widd sfy tlft tlhy k` o`t
pdfo t` eht prheofot fefio io tlh ohxt jhw yhfrs. Fok yht tlhy k` o`t faahss
jr`g J] shrviahs pri`r t` e`ioe l`gh jr`g f cirtlioe jfaidity. ]`stpfrtug w`gho,
a`ostituth f sizhfcdh phrahotfeh `j tlh uoght ohhk j`r g`khro J] ghtl`ks io
tlh ]lidippiohs. Xoj`rtuofthdy, tlh tigh fjthr cirtl is `jtho f gisshk `pp`rtuoity
j`r J] fs f dijh-sfvioe lhfdtl iothrvhoti`o
[lh p`stpfrtug phri`k rhjhrs t` tlh phri`k cheiooioe igghkifthdy fjthr tlh cirtl
`j f alidk fok khdivhry `j pdfahotf a`otiouioe uotid fc`ut six whhbs.
[lhrh frh gudtipdh stukihs tlft sl`w tlft ad`sh prheofoay spfaioe gfy dhfk t`
fkvhrsh gfthrofd, phrioftfd fok iojfot uta`ghs. [lh UL@ (3==:), io rhvihwioe
tlh hvikhoah, afgh up witl tlh j`dd`wioe rha`gghokfti`os j`r lhfdtly prheofoay
iothrvfds>
F w`gfo fjthr eivioe cirtl sl`udk wfit j`r ft dhfst 3 yhfrs cut o`t g`rh tlfo 8
yhfrs chj`rh ehttioe prheofot fefio.
F w`gfo sl`udk wfit j`r ft dhfst : g`otls fjthr f gisafrrifeh `r fc`rti`o
chj`rh ehttioe prheofot fefio.
F y`uoe w`gfo sl`udk wfit uotid fjthr slh is ft dhfst 6< yhfrs `j feh chj`rh
ehttioe prheofot.
Qpfaioe prheofoaihs 3 yhfrs `r g`rh fpfrt a`udk prhvhot 1=% `j gfthrofd
g`rtfdity fok 6=% `j alidk g`rtfdity (Dfoahdht 3=632 1 6;5-8:).
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=:
[lh rhfs`os wly p`stpfrtug J] is o`t iostituti`ofdizhk ioadukh>
Digithk bo`wdhkeh o tlh fvfidfcdh al`iahs tlft afo ch jjhrhk t` p`stpfrtugw`gho wlhtlhr tlhy frh crhfstjhhkioe `r o`t
Jfidurh t` iotherfth p`stpfrtug jfgidy pdfooioe (]]J]) a`uoshdioe io tlh
fothoftfd afrh, hfrdy dfc`r fok igghkifth p`stpfrtug phri`k
A`ojusi`o fs t` wlho jhrtidity a`ghs cfab fok uoprhkiatfcidity `j tlh tigioe
`j tlh `osht `j iothra`ursh
Gytls fok gisa`oahpti`os surr`uokioe p`stpfrtug J]
Dfab `j stfokfrkizhk pr`t`a`d j`r p`stpfrtug J] shrviah khdivhry
[lh bhy t` suaahssjud iotherfti`o j p`stpfrtug jfgidy pdfooioe io GAL is t` jjhr
tlh shrviah wlidh tlh g`tlhr is stidd io tlh cirtlioe jfaidity. Shjhrrfd j`r J] shrviahs
ft f dfthr tigh is o`t lhhkhk. @tlhr ghfsurhs tlft lhdp tlh g`tlhr al``sh fo J]
ghtl`k io tlh p`stpfrtug phri`k ioadukh>
Qtfrt a`uoshdioe kurioe tlh fothoftfd visits
J`aus o tlh lhfdtl fok ha`o`gia chohts j cirtl spfaioe r digitioe j`r tlh
w`gfo fok lhr jfgidy
Gfbh surh tlft tlhrh frh kijjhrhot ghtl`ks fvfidfcdh j`r tlh g`tlhr io tlh
cirtlioe jfaidity
[lis fkkhokug t` tlh ]lidippioh Adioiafd Qtfokfrks Gfoufd kisausshs kijjhrhot
a`otrfahptivh ghtl`ks tlft afo ch ushk io tlh p`stpfrtug phri`k ioadukioe
tigioe `j ioitifti`o, fttricuths, fok risbs fok chohts `j tlh fvfidfcdh al`iahs.
[lh tlrust `j tlh Khpfrtghot `j Lhfdtl (K@L) is t` ghht tlh ioarhfsioe khgfok
j`r phrgfohot fok d`oe fatioe rhvhrsicdh a`otrfahptivh (DFSA) ghtl`ks fok
tlhrhj`rh g`rh ftthoti`o is eivho t` p`stpfrtug IXK fok igpdfots io tlh kisaussi`o.
Cidfthrfd tucfd diefti`o fok vfshat`gy frh a`vhrhk io shpfrfth euikhdiohs. J`r f
g`rh khtfidhk kisaussi`o `j tlh `tlhr ghtl`ks a`otfiohk io tlis fkkhokug, tlh
rhfkhr is fkvishk t` rhjhr t` [lh ]lidippioh Adioiafd Qtfokfrks Gfoufd `o Jfgidy
]dfooioe (3==:). [lis gfthrifd shrvhs fs f quiab fok hfsy rhjhrhoah j`r ush cypucdia fok privfth shrviah pr`vikhrs ftthokioe t` khdivhrihs io cirtlioe uoits `j
l`spitfds, dyioe-ios, SLXs `r AL@s.
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= g``k-fdthrioe
krues, rhshrpioh, hre`tfgioh,
fotightfc`diths, ayad`sp`rioh,
liel k`shs `j a`rtia`sthr`iks,
cr`g`ariptioh, rfki`fativh krues,ditliug, ahrtfio fotia`feudfots
wlho tlh ohwc`ro lfs f a`okiti`o
(h.e. adhjt dip fok pfdfth) tlft gfbhs it
kijaudt t` crhfstjhhk
L@SG@OFDQ>
]S@EHQ[IO-@ody ghtl`k
]r`ehstio-@ody ]idds
Ulft is tlh ghtl`k0
[lhrh frh 3 prhpfrfti`os `j `rfd
pr`ehstio-`ody pidd io tlh ]lidippiohs,
ofghdy>
=.8-ge Dyohstrho`d, f 3
stfrt igghkifthdy pri`r t` kisalfreh `j
tlh g`tlhr jr`g tlh jfaidity
L`w hjjhativh
is tlh pr`ehstio-`ody pidd0
]hrjhat ush> 99.8% [ypiafd ush> 99.=%
Ulft is tlh a`otioufti`o rfth`j tlh ghtl`k ft 6 yhfr0
[lh a`otioufti`o rfth is :
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6=
Ulft frh tlh kisfkvfotfehs
`j tlh ghtl`k0
ghostrufd alfoehs frh tlh o`rg
witl ushrs
sd`w rhturo t` jhrtidity fjthrkisa`otioufti`o
rhquirhs rheudfr visit t` tlh adioia
hvhry 1 g`otls j`r KG]F fok
3 g`otls j`r o`rhtlisthr`oh
hofotlfth j`r ohxt k`sh
w`gho frh o`t pr`thathk fefiost
LIZ fok Q[Is
Ul` afoo`t ush tlh ghtl`k0
w`gho wl` frh tfbioe rijfgpiaio,
rijfcutio, ahrtfio foti-a`ovudsfots
fok FSZ tlhrfpy.
p`stpfrtug w`gho wl` aurrhotdy
lfvh f cd``k ad`t io tlh dhes r duoes
pftihots wl` aurrhotdy lfvh `r lfk f
list`ry `j crhfst afoahr
Qioedh S`k Quckhrgfd Igpdfot
Ulft is tlh ghtl`k0
Qioedh r`k suckhrgfd igpdfot is f
d`oe-fatioe, pr`ehstio-`ody l`rg`ofd
a`otrfahptivh wlial is hjjhativh j`r
1 yhfrs. [lh wlith hxicdh igpdfot
a`otfios :< ge `j ht`o`ehstrhd fok
rhdhfshs ft f rfth j :=-5= giar`erfgs/
kfy ft 8-: whhbs fok erfkufddykharhfshs t` 18-;8 giar`erfgs/
kfy ft tlh hok `j tlh rst yhfr, 1=-
;= giar`erfgs/kfy ft tlh hok `j
tlh sha`ok yhfr fok ofddy t` 38-1=
giar`erfgs ft tlh hok `j tlh tlirk yhfr.
[lh pr`vikhr wl` wislhs t` ioshrt
ht`o`ehstrhd igpdfots sl`udk uokhre`
trfioioe t` hosurh tlft tlh a`rrhat
thaloiquh is dhfrohk fok utidizhk. G`st
`j tlh uoiothokhk prheofoaihs tlft
rhsudt fjthr ioshrti`o frh kuh t` ioa`rrhatioshrti`o thaloiquh `r ioshrti`o `o tlh
wr`oe kfy j tlh ghostrufd ayadh. Ij tlh
pr`vikhr is o`t afrhjud, tlh igpdfot gfy
jfdd `ut `j tlh ohhkdh chj`rh ioshrti`o is
a`gpdhthk. [lh ioshrti`o sith gust ch
pfdpfthk fjthr ioshrti`o t` a`org tlh
prhshoah j f gftalstiab-sizhk igpdfot.
Ij tlh igpdfot is ioshrthk chy`ok tlh
rst 8 kfys `j tlh ghostrufd ayadh, tlh
pr`vikhr gust gfbh surh tlft tlh adihot
is o`t prheofot. Ur`oe tigioe is o`t foissuh io p`stpfrtug ioshrti`os.
]`st-gfrbhtioe survhiddfoah `o sioedh
r`k suckhrgfd igpdfots sioah 699< kik
o`t sl`w foy khdhthri`us hjjhats o tlh
jhtus ij tlh ushr ehts prheofot `r hvho
ij tlh igpdfot is iofkvhrthotdy ioshrthk
io f prheofot adihot. Ij f ushr is j`uok
t` ch prheofot, tlh igpdfot is sigpdy
rhg`vhk fok o` fkkiti`ofd iothrvhoti`o
is ohahssfry.
Qioedh r`k suckhrgfd igpdfot is tlh
g`st hjjhativh d`oe-fatioe rhvhrsicdh
a`otrfahptivh. It is igghkifthdy
hjjhativh chafush it is rfpikdy fcs`rchk
fok rhfalhs fo `vudft`ry-iolicitioe
dhvhd `o tlh rst kfy `j ioshrti`o fok
tlh gfxigug dhvhd is fttfiohk witlio
6-61 kfys. Jhrtidity rhturos igghkifthdy
fjthr rhg`vfd. Ht`o`ehstrhd kharhfshs
t` uokhthatfcdh dhvhd witlio 6 whhb
fjthr it is rhg`vhk witl jhrtidity rhturoioeusufddy witlio 1 whhbs.
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[lh `vfrifo juoati`o `j sioedh r`k
suckhrgfd igpdfot ushrs is o`t
a`gpdhthdy supprhsshk. [lh hstrfki`d
dhvhds j ushrs is fc`vh tlh dhvhd o`rgfddy
shho io tlh hfrdy j`ddiaudfr plfsh wlial
is fc`vh tlh dhvhd ohahssfry t` gfiotfioc`oh gfss. [lhrh is hvikhoah tlft c`oh
gfss io ushrs is o`t fkvhrshdy fjjhathk
cy ht`o`ehstrhd.
[lhrh is hvikhoah tlft ioshrti`o j sioedh
r`k suckhrgfd igpdfot io tlh igghkifth
p`stpfrtug phri`k k`hs o`t lfvh foy
fkvhrsh hjjhats `o tlh lhg`stftia
ghalfoisg `j tlh adihot io tlh rst 63
whhbs p`stpfrtug wlho tlh tlr`gc`sis
risb is lielhst. Igghkifth p`stpfrtugioshrti`o dibhwish k`hs o`t lfvh foy
hjjhat `o tlh ghtfc`dia juoati`os `j tlh
iojfot fok fds` k`hs o`t iouhoah tlh
fg`uot fok qufdity `j gidb pr`kuahk
cy tlh adihot. Crhfstjhk iojfots ioehst
fc`ut =.3% `j tlh kfidy gfthrofd k`sh
fok kharhfshs `vhr tigh fs dfatfti`o is
a`otiouhk. D`oe-thrg kftf o crhfstjhk
alidkrho j sioedh r`k suckhrgfd igpdfot
ushrs sl`whk o` kijjhrhoahs io er`wtl,
plysiafd fok psyal`g`t`r khvhd`pghot
a`gpfrhk witl alidkrho wl`sh g`tlhrs
lfk IXKs.
Ulho t` stfrt tlh ghtl`k0
J`r crhfstjhhkioe, pfrtifddy
crhfstjhhkioe fok o`o-crhfstjhhkioe
adihots> tlh ht`o`ehstrhd igpdfot gfy
ch ioshrthk igghkifthdy fjthr khdivhry,
chj`rh slh is kisalfrehk jr`g tlh
cirtlioe jfaidity.
Dfthr tlfo 36 kfys, f adihot wl` is
o`t `o DFG is fkvishk t` ush cfab up
pr`thati`o j`r 5 kfys fjthr ioshrti`o. Ij
tlh adihot whrh fdrhfky shxufddy fativh
fok lfs o`t chho usioe DFG,
prheofoay sl`udk ch hxadukhk `r tlh
rst ofturfd phri`k is fwfithk pri`r t`
ioshrti`o.
L`w hjjhativh is tlh ghtl`k0
]hrjhat ush> 99.98%
[ypiafd ush> 99.98%
[lh hjjhativhohss `j sioedh r`k
suckhrgfd igpdfots is o`t ushr-
khphokhot. [lhrh frh o` kfidy r`utiohs
a`gpfrhk witl `rfd a`otrfahptivhs `r
qufrthrdy adioia fpp`iotghots fs witl
KG]F. [lis is ikhfd j`r p`stpfrtug
w`gho wl`sh ftthoti`o fok tigh is
prigfridy khv`thk t` tfbioe t` afrh `j
tlhir iojfots rftlhr tlfo tlhgshdvhs
fok tlhrhj`rh k` o`t lfvh t` w`rry
fc`ut gisshk J] fpp`iotghot `r
gisshk k`sfeh.
Krues tlft rhkuah tlh hjjhativhohss
`j l`rg`ofd a`otrfahptivhs fds`
kharhfsh tlh hjjhativhohss `j sioedh
r`k suckhrgfd igpdfots.
Ayt`alr`gh ];8=
Hozygh-iokuaioe krues
tlft kharhfsh tlh hjjhativhohss
Qioedh S`k Quckhrgfd Igpdfot
Fotia`ovudsfots>
Afrcfgfzhpioh, lykfot`ios,
cfrciturfths, xafrcfzhpioh
Fotituchraud`sis, fotijuoefd
fok fotivirfd>
Sijfgpiaio, rijfcutio,
erish`judvio, FSZs j`r LIZ
@tlhr divhr hozygh iokuahrs>
Qt. N`los U`rt
Ulft is tlh a`otioufti`o rfth0
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Ulft is tlh ghalfoisg `j fati`o
`j ht`o`ehstrhd igpdfot0
Qioedh r`k suckhrgfd igpdfot iolicits
`vudfti`o. O` `vudfti`o `aaurs io tlh
rst 3 yhfrs fok io tlh tlirk yhfr itgfy lfppho cut rfrhdy. Io fkkiti`o, it
tliabhos tlh ahrviafd guaus fok gfbhs
it igphohtrfcdh t` tlh sphrgft`z`f.
Ulft frh tlh fkvfotfehs
`j tlh ghtl`k0
dhsshr a`gpdfiot `j kysgho`rrlhf
lieldy hjjhativh fok d`oe fatioe
a`gpfticdh witl crhfstjhhkioe
igghkifth hjjhativity fjthr ioshrti`o
fok igghkifth rhturo t` jhrtidity fjthrrhg`vfd
tlh pr`ahkurh is hfsy t` dhfro
j`r pr`vikhrs
Ulft frh tlh kisfkvfotfehs
fok sikh hjjhats `j tlh ghtl`k0
fdthrhk ghostrufd cdhhkioe pftthro,
wlial is uoprhkiatfcdh. [lhrh gfy ch
alfoehs io tlh jrhquhoay, kurfti`ofok fg`uot `j cdhhkioe
lhfkfalh
whielt efio
faoh
crhfst pfio/kisa`gj`rt
hg`ti`ofd dfcidity
fck`giofd pfio
rhquirhs f trfiohk pr`vikhr t` ioshrt
Ul` afoo`t ush tlh ghtl`k0
prheofot w`ghoaurrhot vho`us tlr`gc`hgc`disg (Z[H)
sthr`ik-khphokhot tug`rs sual fs
choieo `r gfdieofot divhr tug`rs fok
bo`wo `r susphathk crhfst afoahr
]@Q[]FS[XG IXK
Ulft is tlh ghtl`k0
[lh Iotrfuthrioh Khviah (IXK) is f
[-slfphk sgfdd pdfstia khviah pdfahk
iosikh tlh uthrioh afvity. [lhrh
frh 3 typhs `j IXK fvfidfcdh io tlh
]lidippiohs -- A`pphr [-1
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[lh suaahss `j tlh ]]IXK pr`erfgs
ed`cfddy, supp`rt tlh jhfsicidity `j
igpdhghotioe tlis fppr`fal.
[lh IXK is rhp`siti`ohk fs fo
fttrfativh fdthroftivh t` C[D io d`w-rhs`urah shttioes chafush it afo ch
a`otiou`usdy ushk j`r 63 yhfrs witl
gioigfd a`st j`r tlh ushr.
[lh risb `j phdvia iofggft`ry kishfsh
witl tlh IXK is vhry d`w fok tlis risb
is lielhst `ody witlio tlh rst 3= kfys
p`st ioshrti`o. Fjthr tlft, tlh IXK ushrs
risb fppr`xigfths tlft `j o`o-ushrs.
Aurrhot hstigfth is ft 6.: afshs j ]hdvia
Iofggft`ry Kishfsh (]IK) phr 6,===
w`gho phr yhfr. [lh gfio afushs `j
phdvia iojhati`o io IXK ushrs frh dfab `j
pr`vikhr sbidd, ioa`osisthot `r igpr`phr
iojhati`o prhvhoti`o ghfsurhs, fok
prh-hxistioe iojhati`o. L`whvhr, ]IK
j`dd`wioe ]]IXK ioshrti`o gfy fds`
ch kuh t` ohwdy faquirhk iojhati`o
witl e`o`a`aaus fok/`r aldfgykif
trfal`gftis. Io tlis situfti`o, c`tl tlh
adihot fok lhr pfrtohr sl`udk ch trhfthk.
]hdvia iojhati`o j`dd`wioe IXK ioshrti`ois trhfthk witl`ut rhg`vioe tlh khviah.
L`whvhr, ij tlh adihots iojhati`o k`hs
o`t igpr`vh witlio 1 kfys, tlho rhg`vfd
`j tlh IXK is ohahssfry.
]`stpfrtug w`gho wl` frh LIZ-
iojhathk cut adioiafddy whdd, hsphaifddy
ij tlhy frh `o FSZs gfy ch `jjhrhk
]]IXK. [lh IXK k`hs o`t ioarhfsh tlh
ioaikhoah `j phdvia iojhati`o, k`hs o`t
jfaiditfth pr`erhssi`o t` FIKQ fok k`hso`t ioarhfsh tlh trfosgissi`o `j tlh
virus t` fo uoiojhathk pfrtohr. Io w`gho
wl` frh o`t LIZ-iojhathk cut wl`sh
pfrtohr is iojhathk, tlh ush `j IXK
k`hs o`t ioarhfsh tlh risb `j faquirioe
tlh virus. It gust ch hgplfsizhk,
l`whvhr, tlft a`ok`g ush ft fdd tighs
is rha`gghokhk t` rhkuah tlh risb `j
faquirioe fok/`r trfosgittioe LIZ.
Fdtl`uel ghostrufd cdhhkioe io s`ghw`gho witl IXK ioarhfshs, tlis rfrhdy
rhsudts t` fohgif. [lhrhj`rh, hvho io
fohgia p`stpfrtug w`gho, tlh IXK
is f sfjh `pti`o t` `jjhr cut tlh fohgif
sl`udk ch trhfthk witl ir`o j`dfth.
[lh hxpudsi`o rfth j`r ]]IXK is lielhr
a`gpfrhk witl iothrvfd ioshrti`o fok
ehohrfddy rfoehs jr`g 6=-68%. [lis
rfth afo ch rhkuahk t` ;-8% cy usioe
tlh a`rrhat iostrughot (Bhddy pdfahotfdj`rahps) fok a`rrhat thaloiquh. [lh
hxpudsi`o rfth is fds` rhdfthk t` tlh
tigioe `j ]]IXK ioshrti`o witl tlh
rfth d`whr wlho tlh IXK is ioshrthk io
tlh igghkifth p`stpfrtug (witlio 6=
giouths `j pdfahotfd hxpudsi`o) fok
kurioe f ahsfrhfo shati`o a`gpfrhk
witl hfrdy p`stpfrtug ioshrti`o (witlio
;< l`urs p`stpfrtug).
Xthrioh phrj`rfti`o kurioe iothrvfd
ioshrti`o fdtl`uel uoa`gg`o, `aaurs.
[lh risb `j phrj`rfti`o kurioe ]]IXK
ioshrti`o fpphfrs t` ch dhss a`gpfrhk
witl iothrvfd IXK. F UL@ rhvihw io
3==9 rhp`rthk o` afshs `j phrj`rfti`o.
Afdisbfo, ht fd., io 3==1 lfk oh afsh j
uthrioh phrj`rfti`o. Io fo uopucdislhk
shrihs `j 6=,=== afshs io Hd Qfdvfk`r,
Cftfedif, ht fd., kik o`t lfvh f sioedh
afsh `j uthrioh phrj`rfti`o.
F A`alrfoh Kftfcfsh Shvihw (3==1)`o tlh sfjhty `j ]]IXK yihdkhk tlh
j`dd`wioe a`oadusi`os>
]]IXK is sfjh fok hjjhativh.
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[lhrh frh vhry jhw ghkiafd rhfs`os
tlft gfbh tlh ]]IXK fo iofppr`prifth
`pti`o (]dhfsh rhjhr t` Ul` afoo`t
ush tlh ghtl`k shati`o chd`w).
]]IXK lfs tlh j`dd`wioe uoiquhfkvfotfehs> adihots frh lieldy
g`tivfthk t` ush J] ghtl`k,
fssurfoah tlft slh is o`t prheofot,
fok a`ovhoihoah.
A`gpfrhk witl iothrvfd ioshrti`o,
hxpudsi`o rfth witl ]]IXK is lielhr.
Jhfsicidity j igpdhghotfti`o is pr`vho
cy tlh suaahss j tlh ]]IXK pr`erfgs
ed`cfddy.
Hfrdy j`dd`w up is rha`gghokhk t`fsshss j`r hxpudsi`o fok `tlhr
a`gpdiafti`os.
]]IXK ioshrti`o sl`udk j`dd`w fativh
gfofehghot `j tlh tlirk stfeh `j dfc`r
(FG[QD). FG[QD k`hs o`t iothrjhrh
witl ]]IXK ioshrti`o. It is fo igp`rtfot
a`gp`ohot `j p`stpfrtug gfofehghot
tlft afo p`thotifddy sfvh divhs chafush
it prhvhots p`stpfrtug lhg`rrlfeh.
Fo hxphrt rhvihw pfohd sueehsts tlft
hxpudsi`o fok phrj`rfti`o frh o`t
ioarhfshk wlho FG[QD is k`oh pri`r
t` ]]IXK ioshrti`o. [lh pfohd jurtlhr
sueehsts tlft tlh uthrioh a`otrfati`os
rhsudtioe jr`g FG[QD gfy hvho l`dk
tlh IXK io pdfah rftlhr tlfo pusl it `ut.
Io tlh ]lidippiohs, cy feh 69 yhfrs, 15%
`j tlh jhgfdh p`pudfti`o fdrhfky lfk
shx. Cirtls uokhr 69 a`ostituth fc`ut
63% `j tlh t`tfd cirtls io tlh a`uotry.
Fok tlhsh eurhs frh ioarhfsioe.C`tl tlh y`uoe adihot fok tlh pr`vikhr
rfrhdy shdhat tlh g`st hjjhativh ghtl`k
j`r tlis p`pudfti`o, wlial frh tlh
d`oe fatioe rhvhrsicdh a`otrfahptivhs
(DFSAs), ofghdy, IXK fok igpdfot.
Cfrrihrs t` IXK fok igpdfot ush io tlh
y`uoe ioadukh pr`vikhr cifs, gytls
fok gisa`oahpti`os surr`uokioe tlh
ghtl`k, dfab `j faahss fok trfiohk
pr`vikhrs.
DFSAs lfvh lielhr a`otioufti`o rfths,
d`whr uoiothokhk prheofoay rfths fok
chtthr sftisjfati`o rfths fg`oe y`uoe
ushrs a`gpfrhk witl tlh sl`rt fatioe
rhvhrsicdh a`otrfahptivhs sual fs tlh
A@As, gioipidd, pftalhs, fok KG]F.
DFSAs tlhrhj`rh frh tlh ghtl`k `j
al`iah j`r tlis p`pudfti`o.
Ulho t` stfrt0
Igghkifth p`stpfrtug>
witlio 6= giouths fjthr pdfahotfd
hxpudsi`o io f o`rgfd vfeiofd
khdivhry `r kurioe ahsfrhfo shati`o
(iotrfahsfrhfo)
Hfrdy p`stpfrtug>
witlio ;< l`urs p`stpfrtug fjthr f
o`rgfd vfeiofd khdivhry. Ij p`ssicdh
phrj`rg tlh pr`ahkurh witlio 3; l`urs
p`stpfrtug.
L`w hjjhativh is ]]IXK0
]hrjhat ush> 99.;%[ypiafd ush> 99.3%
Ulft is tlh a`otioufti`o rfth
`j tlh ghtl`k ft 6 yhfr>
[lh a`otioufti`o rfth is vhry e``k ft
5
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Ulft frh tlh fkvfotfehs
`j tlh ghtl`k0
lieldy hjjhativh, d`oe-thrg ghtl`k
wlial is igghkifthdy hjjhativh up`o
ioshrti`oiohxphosivh
k`hs o`t rhquirh kfidy fati`o
igghkifth rhturo t` jhrtidity up`o
rhg`vfd
hjjhativh j`r 63 yhfrs
whdd-t`dhrfthk fok sftisjfati`o rfth
is liel fg`oe ushrs
jhw sikh hjjhats, fcshot l`rg`ofd
sikh hjjhats
jhw a`gpdiafti`os
pr`thats fefiost hat`pia prheofoay
a`gpfticdh witl crhfstjhhkioe
Ulft frh tlh kisfkvfotfehs
fok sikh hjjhats `j tlh ghtl`k0
ghostrufd pftthro gfy alfoeh, gfy
ch lhfvihr fok g`rh pfiojud hsphaifddy
io tlh rst 1 g`otls cut igpr`vhs
`vhr tigh
lielhr hxpudsi`o rfth a`gpfrhk witl
iothrvfd ioshrti`o
f trfiohk pr`vikhr is rhquirhk j`rioshrti`o fok rhg`vfd
Ul` afoo`t ush tlh ghtl`k0
Hdieicidity Arithrif j`r
]`stpfrtug Ioshrti`o
GHA Afthe`ry ;
p`stpfrtug w`gho witl
al`ri`fgoi`oitis (o`t io UL@ GHA)
puhrphrfd shpsisp`stpfrtug hok`ghtritis
uorhs`dvhk p`stpfrtug lhg`rrlfeh
(o`t io UL@ GHA)
j`dd`wioe shptia fc`rti`o
GHA Afthe`ry 1
chtwhho ;< l`urs fok ; whhbs
p`stpfrtug
pr`d`oehk rupturh `j ghgcrfohs
(]S@G) erhfthr tlfo 6< l`urs(o`t io UL@ GHA)
]`stpfrtug Ioshrti`o `j tlh
IXK- [lh ]r`ahss
]]IXK shrviahs wlho juddy iotherfthk
io tlh fothpfrtug, iotrfpfrtug fok
p`stpfrtug afrh `j f prheofot w`gfo
is o`t f shpfrfth pr`ahkurh cut rftlhr
cha`gh pfrt j tlh pr`ahss j falihvioe
lhfdtlihr divhs j`r tlh g`tlhr, cfcyfok wl`dh jfgidy. [lh iotherfti`o is
igpdhghothk io stfehs fok audgiofths
io tlh ioshrti`o `j IXK.
[lh j`uokfti`o j`r qufdity `j afrh io
tlh pr`visi`o `j ]]IXK shrviahs rhsts
`o tlh fklhrhoah `j tlh pr`vikhr t` tlh
j`dd`wioe thohts `j afrh>
rhsphat j`r tlh adihot
stfokfrkizhk a`uoshdioe bhhpioe
io giok IAZ prioaipdhsstfokfrkizhk iojhati`o prhvhoti`o
pr`t`a`d
ed`cfd phrj`rgfoah stfokfrks
j`r tlh pr`ahkurh
systhgftia fok faaurfth rha`rkioe
fok rhp`rtioe
Qtfehs io tlh Iotherfti`o `j ]]IXK
Qhrviahs io tlh Afrh `j f ]rheofot
U`gfo
F) ]]J] Hkuafti`o/A`uoshdioe
io tlh Fothoftfd ]hri`k
]r`vikh cfsia ioj`rgfti`o fc`ut
lhfdtly cirtl spfaioe `r digitioe fs
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pfrt `j ehohrfd lhfdtl hkuafti`o fok
kisaussi`o `j tlh fvfidfcdh `pti`os j`r
tlh w`gfo cfshk `o lhr rhpr`kuativh
iothoti`os.
@oah tlh w`gfo hxprhsshs iothrhstio f pfrtiaudfr ghtl`k, i.h. IXK, g`rh
sphaia ioj`rgfti`o is eivho `o tlis
ghtl`k. Kisauss tlh vfri`us tigioe
j`r ioshrti`o fok rhgiok lhr tlft
igghkifth (6= giouths fjthr pdfahotfd
hxpudsi`o) fok iotrfahsfrhfo ioshrti`os
frh fss`aifthk witl jhwhr pr`cdhgs
a`gpfrhk witl ioshrti`os k`oh dfthr cut
witlio ;< l`urs p`stpfrtug.
Ioitifd sarhhoioe j`r ghkiafd hdieicidity
j`r IXK ush is k`oh.
Ij f khaisi`o lfs chho frrivhk ft, tlis
ioj`rgfti`o sl`udk ch rhhathk io lhr
rha`rk `r io lhr g`tlhr fok cfcy c``b
(GAC).
Fdtl`uel tlh khaisi`o is s`dhdy tlh
w`gfo t` gfbh, lhr luscfok `r
lhr jfgidy gfy ch hoefehk io tlh
kisaussi`o.
[lh w`gfo is rhgiokhk `j lhr
khaisi`o shvhrfd tighs io tlh a`ursh`j lhr fothoftfd afrh fok hoa`urfehk
t` fsb quhsti`os wlial sl`udk ch
foswhrhk io adhfr fok strfieltj`rwfrk
gfoohr. Qlh afo fdwfys alfoeh lhr
khaisi`o fok gust o`t ch gfkh t` jhhd
tlft slh is igp`shk up`o.
C) A`orgfti`o j tlh Adihots Al`iah
io tlh Jfaidity (]`thotifd IXK Faahpt`r)
Fdtl`uel f khaisi`o lfs chhofrrivhk ft kurioe tlh fothoftfd phri`k,
a`orgfti`o `j tlh khaisi`o lfs t` ch
gfkh wlho tlh w`gfo is fkgitthk
io dfc`r. [lis is ohahssfry s` tlft tlh
stfjj ftthokioe t` lhr afo prhpfrh j`r
tlh pr`ahkurh. Qlh sl`udk fds` ch
hoa`urfehk t` fsb quhsti`os fok jurtlhr
a`uoshdioe ch eivho, ij ohahssfry.
Ql`udk tlh adihot alfoeh lhr giok fok
o`t pr`ahhk witl ]]IXK, fdthroftivh
J] `pti`os gfy ch prhshothk. It isigp`rtfot t` o`th tlft a`uoshddioe
ft tlis p`iot is `ody k`oh wlho tlh
w`gfo is io hfrdy dfc`r fok o`t
kisa`gthk cy pfiojud a`otrfati`os.
J`r w`gho io hfrdy dfc`r wl`
wfdbs io witl`ut pri`r a`uoshdioe fok
sarhhoioe, fo fccrhvifthk pr`ahss
`j lhfdtl hkuafti`o `o cirtl spfaioe
`r digitioe, ehohrfd ]]J] a`uoshdioe,
ghtl`k-sphaia a`uoshdioe `o tlh
ghtl`k slh is a`osikhrioe fok ofddy
sarhhoioe j`r hdieicidity j`r tlh ghtl`k
al`sho is uokhrtfbho cy tlh pr`vikhr.
Ij tlh w`gfo al`shs ]]IXK, pr`phr
k`aughotfti`o `j tlh khaisi`o is gfkh
fok prhpfrfti`o j`r tlh pr`ahkurh is
k`oh.
Ij tlh w`gfo is salhkudhk j`r f
ahsfrhfo shati`o, a`orgfti`o `j lhr
al`iah is gfkh up`o fkgissi`o.
Kurioe tlis tigh f afrhjud rhvihw `j tlhghkiafd hdieicidity `j tlh adihot j`r lhr
al`sho ghtl`k sl`udk ch uokhrtfbho
hvho ij prhvi`us sarhhoioe wfs fdrhfky
k`oh pri`r t` lhr fkgissi`o.
[igioe `j ]]IXK ioshrti`o is fefio
kisausshk fok tlh fss`aifti`o
`j igghkifth p`stpfrtug fok
iotrfahsfrhfo ioshrti`os witl jhwhr
pr`cdhgs a`gpfrhk witl dfthr ioshrti`os
is lieldielthk. Ij tlh pr`ahkurh is k`oh
witlio 6= giouths fjthr pdfahotfdhxpudsi`o, it cha`ghs pfrt `j tlh
khdivhry pr`ahss fok o`t trhfthk fs f
shpfrfth pr`ahkurh fs wlho it tfbhs
pdfah witlio ;< l`urs wlho tlh g`tlhr
is fdrhfky io tlh wfrks `r io lhr r``g
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rha`vhrioe fok slh ohhks t` ch cr`uelt
t` f shpfrfth pr`ahkurh r``g j`r IXK
ioshrti`o.
A) Qha`ok A`orgfti`o io tlhKhdivhry S``g (Fjthr Khdivhry)
F sha`ok sarhhoioe j`r hdieicidity pri`r
t` ofd a`orgfti`o tlft tlh w`gfo
rhfddy pthk j`r IXK is ohahssfry. [lhrh
gfy ch a`okiti`os rhdfthk t` dfc`r
fok khdivhry, tlh `aaurrhoah `j wlial
gfy hxadukh tlh p`stpfrtug w`gfo
jr`g ]]IXK. [lhsh a`okiti`os frh o`t
ioadukhk io tlh UL@ GHA j`r IXK.
? Al`ri`fgoi`oitis - alfrfathrizhkcy jhvhr `j 1 thokhr uthrus, j`ud-sghddioe
fgoi`tia uik `r jhtfd tfalyafrkif
erhfthr tlfo 6:= chfts phr giouth.
? ]r`d`oehk rupturh `j ghgcrfohs
(]S@G) j`r 6< l`urs `r g`rh pri`r
t` khdivhry - ioarhfshs w`gfos risb
`j iojhati`o.
? Xorhs`dvhk p`stpfrtug lhg`rrlfeh- fkkrhssioe tlis dijh tlrhfthoioe
a`okiti`o tfbhs prhahkhoah `vhr fo
hdhativh pr`ahkurh. Fsikh jr`g kijaudty
io ioshrtioe fo IXK io f w`gfo wl`
is fativhdy cdhhkioe, tlh a`otiouioe
lhg`rrlfeh gfy kisd`keh tlh IXK.
? Hxthosivh vfeiofd dfahrfti`os-
rhpfir j hxthosivh vfeiofd dfahrfti`os
sl`udk ch k`oh rst chj`rh ioshrtioe
tlh IXK. Ij tlh dfahrfti`os frh o`t
cdhhkioe tlhy frh a`vhrhk witl sthridhefuzhs `r t`whd wlho ioshrtioe tlh
IXK. Io w`gho wl` fdrhfky lfk
rhpfir `j tlh dfahrfti`os, tlh pr`vikhr
gfbhs surh tlft ioshrtioe fo IXK
widd o`t ch t`` uoa`gj`rtfcdh fok
kisrupt tlh rhpfir.
J`r p`stpfrtug w`gho wl` kik
o`t choht jr`g fothoftfd ]]J]
a`uoshdioe, fo fccrhvifthk pr`ahss`j ehohrfd lhfdtl hkuafti`o `o cirtl
spfaioe `r digitioe, ]]J] a`uoshdioe,
ghtl`k-sphaia a`uoshdioe `o tlh
ghtl`k al`sho, fok ghkiafd hdieicidity
sarhhoioe j`r tlft pfrtiaudfr ghtl`k
afo stidd ch k`oh fjthr slh is fkhqufthdy
rhsthk jr`g tlh khdivhry. [lh pr`vikhr
gust bhhp io giok tlh IAZ prioaipdhs
wlidh a`uoshdioe tlh p`stpfrtug
w`gho. Ij tlh w`gfo `pthk fok
fsshsshk t` ch ghkiafddy hdieicdhj`r ]]IXK, slh is prhpfrhk j`r tlh
pr`ahkurh fok fo IXK ioshrthk witlio
;< l`urs p`stpfrtug.
K) ]`st-ioshrti`o Afrh
fok A`uoshdioe
]`st-ioshrti`o afrh fok a`uoshdioe
sl`udk ch iotherfthk io tlh pr`t`a`ds
j`r p`stpfrtug fok ohwc`ro afrh.
A`uoshdioe wlial is j`aushk `o wlft t`hxphat witl tlh IXK, ikhotiafti`o fok
tighdy a`osudtfti`o j`r pr`cdhgs tlft
gfy frish fok igp`rtfoah `j j`dd`w up
t` fsshss j`r hxpudsi`o, a`gpdiafti`os
fok sftisjfati`o witl tlh ghtl`k is
k`oh fjthr tlh pftihot lfs sujaihotdy
rhsthk fok afo pfy ftthoti`o t` tlh
kisaussi`o.
[lh w`gfo sl`udk ch fkg`oislhk
t` igghkifthdy rhturo t` tlh jfaidity j`r
lhfvy vfeiofd cdhhkioe, shvhrh d`whr
fck`giofd kisa`gj`rt, jhvhr, fok hvho
f ehohrfd jhhdioe `j o`t jhhdioe whdd.
Qlh sl`udk fds` ch fkvishk t` a`gh
j`r foy uousufd kisalfreh, suspiai`o
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al``shs tlh ghtl`k slh w`udk ush,
tlhrh is f erhfthr dibhdil``k tlft slh
widd ch sftisjihk fok widd a`otiouh
t` ush tlh ghtl`k a`rrhatdy. Q`gh
w`gho gfy pdfo t` eht prheofot s``o
fjthr f gisafrrifeh fok tlhy sl`udko`t ch kisa`urfehk ij tlhrh frh o`
ghkiafd rhfs`os wly tlhy sl`udk o`t.
A`uoshdioe fok ioj`rghk al`iah frh
bhy t` e``k J] shrviahs. Io a`uoshdioe f
p`st gisafrrifeh adihot, tlh ioj`rgfti`o
tlft slh ohhks t` bo`w frh tlh j`dd`wioe>
[lft slh afo eht prheofot fs s``o fs
3 whhbs fjthr trhftghot.
[lft tlhrh frh shvhrfd ghtl`ks t`al``sh jr`g wlial frh sfjh, hjjhativh
fok afo ch stfrthk pri`r t` kisalfreh
jr`g tlh jfaidity.
Ij J] shrviahs frh o`t `jjhrhk io tlh
jfaidity, tlh adihot sl`udk ch eivho
ioj`rgfti`o wlhrh fok l`w t` eht
tlhsh shrviahs. Fok ij slh wfs stfrthk
`o J] pri`r t` kisalfreh, slh sl`udk
ch ioj`rghk wlhrh t` e` j`r j`dd`w up
fok/`r rhdd j`r fkkiti`ofd k`shs.
Alfrfathristias j tlh vfri`us ghtl`ks
(g`kh j fati o, chohts, sikh hjjhats, hta.)
Ulft t` hxphat jr`g tlh ush `j tlh
al`sho ghtl`k.
[lft `tlhr `pti`os frh fvfidfcdh wlho
al`sho ghtl`k is kisa`otiouhk.
Euikhdiohs j`r a`otrfahptivh ush
cy adioiafd a`okiti`o*
O` a`gpdiafti`os fjthr trhftghot `j
ioa`gpdhth gisafrrifeh
[hgp`rfry ghtl`ks
@rfd a`otrfahptivhs
(a`gciohk `r pr`ehsthr`oh-`ody)
- afo ch stfrthk igghkifthdy
pri`r t` kisalfrehIonhatfcdhs (KG]F, OH[-HO)
- afo ch eivho pri`r t` kisalfreh
Igpdfots
- afo ch eivho igghkifthdy pri`r
t` kisalfreh
IXK
- afo ch ioshrthk igghkifthdy
pri`r t` kisalfreh
Cfrrihr ghtl`ks
- fkvish ush wlho shxufd fativity
rhsughs
Ofturfd jfgidy pdfooioe
- O@[ SHA@GGHOKHKuotid
rheudfr ghoshs rhturo
Z`duotfry sureiafd sthridizfti`o
o`t tlh tigh j`r adihots t` gfbh f
khaisi`o fc`ut phrgfohot ghtl`ks
A`ojrghk `r prhsugptivh kifeo`sis
`j iojhati`o
[hgp`rfry ghtl`ks
@rfd a`otrfahptivhs
(a`gciohk `r pr`ehsthr`oh-`ody pidd)
- stfrt pri`r t` kisalfreh
Ionhatfcdhs (KG]F, OH[-HO)
- afo ch eivho pri`r t` kisalfreh
Igpdfots
- afo ch eivho igghkifthdy pri`r t`
kisalfreh
IXK
- K@ O@[ IOQHS[uotid iojhati`orhs`dvhs (usufddy 1 g`otls)
Cfrrihr ghtl`ks
- fkvish ush wlho shxufd fativity
rhsughs
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3=
Ofturfd jfgidy pdfooioe
- O@[ SHA@GGHOKHKuotid
rheudfr ghoshs rhturohk
Z`duotfry sureiafd sthridizfti`oo`t k`oh uotid iojhati`o is rhs`dvhk
(usufddy 1 g`otls)
Ionury t` tlh ehoitfd trfat
(h.e., uthrioh phrj`rfti`o jr`g
iostrughotfti`o)
[hgp`rfry ghtl`ks
@rfd a`otrfahptivhs
(a`gciohk `r pr`ehsthr`oh-`ody pidd)
- stfrt pri`r t` kisalfreh
Ionhatfcdhs (KG]F, OH[-HO)
- afo ch eivho pri`r t` kisalfreh
Igpdfots
- afo ch eivho igghkifthdy pri`r
t` kisalfreh
IXK
- K@ O@[ IOQHS[uotid ionury lfs
lhfdhk (1 g`otls)
Cfrrihr ghtl`ks
- fkvish ush wlho shxufd fativity
rhsughsOfturfd jfgidy pdfooioe
- O@[ SHA@GGHOKHKuotid
rheudfr ghoshs rhsugh
Z`duotfry sureiafd sthridizfti`o
gfy ch k`oh fjthr tlh ionury lfs
lhfdhk (1 g`otls)
Lhg`rrlfeh fok shvhrh fohgif
(Lc 45 eg/kd, Lat 43=)
[hgp`rfry ghtl`ks
A`gciohk `rfd a`otrfahptivh pidd
- stfrt pri`r t` kisalfreh
(kharhfshs ghostrufd cdhhkioe
wlial lhdps io igpr`vioe fohgif)
]r`ehsthr`oh-`ody pidd
- afo ch eivho igghkifthdy pri`r t`
kisalfreh, stfrt adihot o ir`o j`dfth
a`oa`gitfotdyIonhatfcdhs (KG]F, OH[-HO)
- afo ch eivho igghkifthdy pri`r t`
kisalfreh, stfrt adihot o ir`o j`dfth
a`oa`gitfotdy
Igpdfots
- afo ch eivho igghkifthdy pri`r t`
kisalfreh, stfrt adihot o ir`o j`dfth
a`oa`gitfotdy
A`pphr IXK
- afo ch eivho igghkifthdy pri`r t`
kisalfreh, stfrt adihot o ir`o j`dftha`oa`gitfotdy
Dhv`o`rehstrhd IXK
- afo ch eivho igghkifthdy pri`r t`
kisalfreh, stfrt adihot o ir`o j`dfth
a`oa`gitfotdy
Cfrrihr ghtl`ks
- fkvish ush wlho shxufd fativity
rhsughs
Ofturfd jfgidy pdfooioe ghtl`k
- O@[ SHA@GGHOKHKuotid
rheudfr ghoshs rhsugh
Z`duotfry sureiafd sthridizfti`o (C[D)
Khdfy uotid tlh fohgif igpr`vhs
Qha`ok-trighsthr
ioa`gpdhth gisafrrifeh
[hgp`rfry ghtl`ks
@rfd a`otrfahptivh pidds
(a`gciohk r pr`ehsthr`oh-`ody pidds) - stfrt pri`r t` kisalfreh
Ionhatfcdhs (KG]F, OH[-HO)
- afo ch eivho pri`r t` kisalfreh
Igpdfots
- afo ch ioshrthk pri`r t` kisalfreh
IXK
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- KHDFYioshrti`o j`r ;-: whhbs
Cfrrihr ghtl`ks
- fkvish ush wlho shxufd fativity
rhsughs
Ofturfd jfgidy pdfooioe
- O@[ SHA@GGHOKHKuotidrheudfr ghoshs rhsugh
Z`duotfry sureiafd sthridizfti`o (C[D)
khdfy pr`ahkurh uotid ;-: whhbs
p`stpfrtug
[lh `vfry rhsughs j`ddiaudfr
khvhd`pghot fs hfrdy fs 6 whhb
j`dd`wioe f rst trighsthr gisafrrifeh
wlial is wly it is vhry igp`rtfot tlft J]
ch stfrthk pri`r t` kisalfreioe tlh adihot
jr`g f jfaidity.
]`st gisafrrifeh afrh is o`t a`gpdhth
uodhss fsshssghot `j tlh adihots risb
j`r Q[I fok LIZ is k`oh. Fdd w`gho
sl`udk ch fkvishk tlft `ody gfdh fok
jhgfdh a`ok`gs wlho a`osisthotdy
ushk widd pr`that fefiost tlh faquisiti`o
`j Q[I fok LIZ.
SHJHSHOAHQ
6. Flghk Q., D Vioejhoe, D. Diu, fok F. [sui. Gfthrofd khftls fvhrthk cy
a`otrfahptivh ush> fo fofdysis `j 653 a`uotrihs. [lh Dfoahdht. Nudy 63, 3=63.
3. Khpfrtghot `j Lhfdtl (K@L). 3=66. Jfgidy ]dfooioe A`gphthoay-Cfshk
[rfioioe> Cfsia A`ursh Lfokc``b. K@L> Gfoidf.
1. Khpfrtghot `j Lhfdtl (K@L) fok [lh Q`aifd Faahptfoah ]r`nhat - Jfgidy]dfooioe ([QF]-J]). 3==:. [lh ]lidippioh Adioiafd Qtfokfrks Gfoufd `o Jfgidy
]dfooioe. Hrgitf, Gfoidf, ]lidippiohs. K@L fok [QF]-J].
;. ]lidippioh @csthtriafd fok Eyoha`d`eiafd Q`aihty (J`uokfti`o), Ioa fok ]lidippioh
Q`aihty j`r Shsp`osicdh ]frhotl``k, Ioa. 3=63. Adioiafd ]rfatiah Euikhdiohs `o
Jfgidy ]dfooioe. ]@EQ fok ]QSQ]> Gfoidf.
8. ]lidippioh @csthtriafd fok Eyoha`d`eiafd Q`aihty (J`uokfti`o), 3=63. Adioiafd
]rfatiah Euikhdiohs `o Ahsfrhfo Qhati`o. ]@EQ> Gfoidf.
:. U`rdk Lhfdtl @refoizfti`o (UL@). 3==: Shp`rt j f UL@ [haloiafd A`osudtfti`o
`o Cirtl Qpfaioe. UL@> Ehohvf.
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Foohx
Sha`rkioe `j ]`stpfrtug Jfgidy ]dfooioe Kftf
Iostruati`os j`r a`gpdhtioe tlh J] Qhrviah Sha`rk
`r J] J`rg 6 t` ioadukh ioj`rgfti`o `o ]`stpfrtug Jfgidy ]dfooioe
(fkfpthk jr`g Jfgidy ]dfooioe A`gphthoay-Cfshk [rfioioe> Cfsia A`ursh Lfokc``b)
QIKH F
Jidd `ut `r alhab tlh rhquirhk ioj`rgfti`o ft tlh jfr rielt `j tlh j`rg>
Adihot ougchr, kfth fok tigh adihot wfs iothrvihwhk
Adihot ofgh>dfst ofgh, eivho ofgh, kfth j cirtl, hkuafti o, fok aaupfti o
Qp`ush ofgh>dfst ofgh, eivho ofgh, kfth `j cirtl, hkuafti`o, fok `aaupfti`o
A`gpdhth fkkrhss `j tlh adihot> ougchr `j tlh l`ush, strhht, cfrfoefy,
guoiaipfdity, fok pr`vioah
Fvhrfeh g`otldy ioa`gh io phs`
Al``sh yhs `r o` j`r tlh a`updhs pdfo j`r g`rh alidkrho
Al``sh ohw `r a`otiouioe/aurrhot ushr j`r typh `j faahpt`r
Ougchr `j divioe alidkrho
]rhvi`usdy ushk ghtl`k
Shfs`os j`r prfatiaioe J]> a`gpdhthk tlh khsirhk jfgidy sizh, ha`o`gia, fok `tlhrs
Alhab fg`oe tlh dist `j J] ghtl`k, tlh ghtl`k faahpthk
Alhab ij tlh J] ghtl`k al`sho wfs kurioe p`stpfrtug phri`k `r iothrvfd
QIKH C
Jidd io tlh rhquirhk ioj`rgfti`o ft tlh jfr dhjt j tlh j`rg o adihot ougchr fok ofgh,
kfth `j cirtl, hkuafti`o, `aaupfti`o, fok fkkrhss.
@o tlh rst a`dugo, rha`rk tlh kfth wlho tlh shrviah wfs khdivhrhk t` tlh adihot.
@o tlh sha`ok a`dugo, rha`rk tlh ghtl`k faahpthk/ougchr `j suppdihs eivho.
@o tlh tlirk a`dugo, rha`rk tlh j`dd`wioe>
Ghkiafd `cshrvfti`os
A`gpdfiots
Qhrviahs rhokhrhk, pr`ahkurhs/iothrvhoti`os k`oh (dfc, trhftghot)Shfs`os j`r st`ppioe `r alfoeioe tlh ghtl`ks
Dfc`rft`ry rhsudts
@o tlh j`urtl a`dugo, rha`rk tlh ofgh j tlh pr`vikhr witl tlh a`rrhsp`okioe sieofturh.
@o tlh jtl a`dugo, rha`rk tlh ohxt shrviah kfth `r fpp`iotghot kfth.
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JFGIDY ]DFOOIOE QHSZIAH SHA@SK QIKH F
GHKIAFD LIQ[@SY ]LYQIAFD H\FGIOF[I@OGH[L@K
FAA
H][HK>
A@A ]
@]
Io
nhatfcdh
A`o
k`g
IX
K C[D
O
QZ
DFG
QKG
CC[
C
@G
/AGG
/Q[G
Ig
pdfo
t[IGIOE>
]
`stpfrtug
Io
thrv
fd
O@.@JDIZIOE
ALIDKSHO>PPPPPPPP
]DFO
G@SHALIDK
SHO>
Y
hs
O
`
SHFQ@O
J@S
]SF
A[IAIOEJ]>PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
OFGH@JQ]@
XQH>
OFGH@JADI
HO[>
ADIHO[O@.>
PPPPP
[Y]H@JFAAH][@S>
O
hw
t`tlhpr`
erfg
A`o
tiouio
eXshr
]SHZI@XQDYXQHK
G
H[L@K>
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
KF[H/[IGH
PPPPPPPP
LHHO[Cd``k prhssurh> PPPPPPPP gg/Le
Uhielt PPPPPPPP be/dcs]udsh rfth PPPPPPPP /gio
A@ONXOA[IZF ]fdh
Yhdd`wislOHAB
Hodfrehk tlyr`ik
Hodfrehk dygpl o`khs
CSHFQ[
Gfss
Oippdh kisalfreh
Qbio-`rfoeh phhd `r kigpdioe
Hodfrehk fxiddfry dygpl o`khs[L@SF\
Fco`rgfd lhfrt s`uoks/afrkifa rfth
Fco`rgfd crhftl s`uoks/rhspirft`ry rfthFCK@GHO
Hodfrehk divhr
Gfss
Zfria`sitihs
H\[SHGI[IHQ Hkhgf
Zfria`sitihs
Hpidhpsy/A`ovudsi`o/Qhizurh
Qhvhrh lhfkfalh/kizziohss
Zisufd kisturcfoah/cdurrioe `j visi`o
Yhdd`wisl a`onuoativfh
Hodfrehk tlyr`ik
ALHQ[/LHFS[
Qhvhrh alhst pfio
Ql`rtohss `j crhftl fok hfsy jftiefcidity
Crhfst/fxiddfry gfss
Oippdh kisalfreh (sphaijy ij cd``k `r pus)
Qyst`dia `j 6;= fok fc`vh
Kifst`dia `j 9= fok fc`vh
Jfgidy list`ry `j AZF (str`bhs), lhfrtfttfab, fstlgf, rlhugftia lhfrt kishfshs
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
DfstO
fg
h
Eiv
hoO
fg
h
GI
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
DfstO
fg
h
Eiv
hoO
fg
h
GI
FCK@GHO
Gfss io tlh fck`gho
List`ry `j efdd cdfkkhr kishfsh
List`ry `j divhr kishfsh
EHOI[FD
Gfss io tlh uthrus
Zfeiofd kisalfrehIothrghostrufd cdhhkioe
]`sta`itfd cdhhkioe
P
PP/PPP/PPPPP
Kfth`jCirtl
P
PP/PPP/PPPPP
Kfth`jCirtl
H\[SHGI[IHQ
Qhvhrh vfria`sitihs
Qwhddioe `r shvhrh pfio io tlh dhes o`t
rhdfthk t` ionurihs
]HDZIA H\FGIOF[I@O
]HSIOHXG
Qafrs
Ufrts
Shkkisl
Dfahrfti`o
ZFEIOF
A`oehsthk
Cfrtl`dios ayst
Ufrts
Qbhohs edfokkisalfreh
Shat`ahdh
Ayst`ahdh
AHSZI\A`oehsthk
Hr`si`o
Kisalfreh
]`dyps/aysts
Dfahrfti`oA@OQIQ[HOAY
Jirg
Q`jt
X[HSXQ]`siti`o
Gik
Fothjdhxhk
Shtr`jdhxhkQizh
O`rgfd
Qgfdd
Dfreh
Gfss
Xthrioh Khptl> PPPP ags.(j`r iothokhk IXK ushrs)
FKOH\FGfss
[hokhrohss
SIQBQ J@S ZI@DHOAH FEFIOQ[ U@GHO (ZFU)
List`ry `j k`ghstia vi`dhoah `r ZFU
Xopdhfsfot rhdfti`oslips witl pfrtohr
]frtohr k`hs o`t fppr`vh `j tlh visit t` J] adioia
]frtohr kisferhhs t` ush J]
Shjhrrhk t`> KQUK UA]X OE@s
@tlhrs (sphaijy> PPPPPP)FABO@UDHKEHGHO[>
[lis is t` ahrtijy tlft tlh ]lysiaifo/Oursh/Gikwijh `jtlh adioia lfs juddy hxpdfiohk t` gh tlh kijjhrhot
ghtl`ks fvfidfcdh io jfgidy pdfooioe fok I jrhhdyal``sh tlh PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ghtl`k.
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPAdihot Qieofturh Kfth
QBIO PPPPPPPPP
PPPPPPP
LIELH
Q[HK
XA
@AAX]F[I@O
PPPPPPPPP
PPPPPPP
LIELH
Q[HK
XA
@AAX]F[I@O
Yhdd`wisl sbio
LIQ[@SY @J FOY @J [LH J@DD@UIOE
Qg`bioe
Fddhreihs
Krue iotfbh (foti-tuchraud`sis, foti-kifchtia,
fotia`ovudsfot)
Q[I/LIZ/FIKQ/]IKQ
Cdhhkioe thokhoaihs (o`sh, eugs, hta.)
Fohgif
Kifchths@CQ[H[SIAFD LIQ[@SY FZ
HSFEHG@O[LDY
IOA@GH>PPPPPPPPPP
PPPPPPPPPPPPPP
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
O
@.
Q[SHH[
CFSFO
EFY
GXOIAI]
FDI[Y
]S
@ZIO
AH
Ougchr `j prheofoaihs>PPPJudd thrg PPP]rhgfturhPPPFc`rti`o PPPDivioe Alidkrho
Kfth `j dfst khdivhry PPPP/PPPP/PPPP
[yph `j dfst khdivhry PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
]fst ghostrufd phri`k PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
Dfst ghostrufd phri`k PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
Ougchr `j kfys ghoshsPPPQafoty PPPG`khrfth PPPLhfvyPPP]fiojud PPPSheudfr
Lykftikij`rg g`dh (witlio tlh dfst 63g`otls)
Hat`pia prheofoayQ[I SIQBQ
Uitl list`ry `j gudtipdh pfrtohrs
J`r U`gho>
Xousufd kisalfreh jr`g vfeiof
Italioe `r s`rhs io `r fr`uok vfeiof
]fio `r curoioe shosfti`o
[rhfthk j`r Q[Is io tlh pfst
J`r Gho>
]fio `r curoioe shosfti`o
@pho s`rhs foywlhrh io ehoitfd frhf
]us a`gioe jr`g phois
[rhfthk j`r Q[Is io tlh pfst
Shgiokhr> Biokdy rhjhr t` ]LYQIAIFO j`r foy alhab (/) gfrbs pri`r t` pr`visi`o `j foy ghtl`k j`r jurtlhr hvfdufti`o
J] Qhrviah Sha`rk (J] J`rg 6)
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3;
QIKH C JFGIDY ]DFOOIOE QHSZIAH SHA@SK
ADIOH[OXGCHS
PPPPPPPPPP
OFGH@JADIHO[>
PPPPPPPPPPPP
PPP
/PPP
/PPP
Hk
uafti`oPPPPPPP
@aaupfti`oPPPP
PPP
FkkrhssPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
PPP
(Dfs
tOfgh,
Eivho
Ofgh,
GI)
Kf
th`
jCirtl
(O`.
Qtrhh
tCfrfoefy
Guo
iaipf
dity
]r`v
ioah
KF[H
QHSZIAH
EIZHO
GH[L@K [@
CH XQHK/
QX]]DIHQ
EIZHO
(ayadhs,
pihahs, hta.)
SHGFSBQ
GHKIAFD@CQHSZF[I@O
A@G]DFIO[Q/A@G]DIAF[I@O
QHSZIAH SHOKHSHK/]S@AHKXSHQ/IO[HSZHO[I@OQK@OH (i.h. dfc`rft`ryhxfgiofti`o, trhftghot,rhjhrrfds, hta.)
OFGH FOK
QIEOF[XSH @J
]S@ZIKHS
OH\[ QHSZIAH
KF[H
J] Qhrviah Sha`rk (J] J`rg 6)
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Iostruati`os j`r A`gpdhtioe tlh [freht Adihot Dist ([AD)
j`r Jfgidy ]dfooioe t` ioadukh ]`stpfrtug Jfgidy ]dfooioe
(fkfpthk jr`g Jfgidy ]dfooioe A`gphthoay-Cfshk [rfioioe> Cfsia A`ursh Lfokc``b)
[lh [AD is ddhk `ut cy lhfdtl w`rbhrs wlho pr`vikioe shrviahs fok is upkfthk
hvhry tigh f adihot a`ghs cfab j`r f j`dd`w-up visit. It lfs tlh j`dd`wioe purp`shs>
6. It lhdps tlh lhfdtl w`rbhr pdfo fok afrry `utpftihot afrh fok shrviah khdivhry
3. It jfaiditfths tlh g`oit`rioe fok suphrvisi`o `j shrviah khdivhry fativitihs
1. It jfaiditfths tlh prhpfrfti`o `j rhp`rts,
;. it pr`vikhs adioia-dhvhd kftf tlft afo ch faahsshk j`r jurtlhr stukihs.
Io tlh Sielt Xpphr A`rohr `j tlh [AD j`rg (jr`ot pfeh) - put tlh ofgh `j J]
ghtl`k. [lis pfeh ioadukhs distioe `j fdd adihots wl` faahpthk foy g`khro J]
ghtl`k j`r tlh rst thrg `r ohw t` tlh pr`erfg `r aurrhotdy usioe f sphaia J]
ghtl`k h.e. pidd, s` hfal sphaia ghtl`k widd lfvh f shpfrfth [AD.
A`dugo 6> KF[H (@J SHEIQ[SF[I@O) -Iokiafth io tlis a`dugo tlh kfth g`otl,
kfy, fok yhfr f adihot gfkh tlh rst adioia visit `r tlh kfth wlho adihot rh-stfrthk
lis/lhr fvfidghot `j tlh J] shrviah.
A`dugo 3> JFGIDY QHSIFD OXGCHS -Iokiafth io tlis a`dugo tlh ougchr tlft
a`rrhsp`oks t` tlh ougchr writtho `o tlh jfgidy j`dkhr `r hovhd`ph `r iokivikufd
trhftghot rha`rk. [lis a`dugo widd lhdp y`u t` hfsidy jfaiditfth rhtrihvfd j tlh rha`rk.
A`dugo 1> ADIHO[Q OFGH -Urith tlh adihots a`gpdhth ofgh.
(eivho ofgh, gikkdh ioitifd, fok jfgidy ofgh).
A`dugo ;> FKKSHQQ -Sha`rk tlh adihots prhshot phrgfohot pdfah `j rhsikhoah
(ougchr j tlh l`ush, ofgh `j tlh strhht, cfrfoefy, guoiaipfdity, fok pr`vioah) j`r
g`oit`rioe j`dd`w-up `j adihots.
A`dugo 8> FEH -Iokiafth io tlis a`dugo tlh feh `j tlh jhgfdh adihot `r wijh fs `j
dfst cirtlkfy. Io tlh afsh `j f gfdh adihot, iokiafth tlh feh `j adihots wijh.
A`dugo :> OXGCHS @J DIZIOE ALIDKSHO -Iokiafth ougchr `j divioe alidkrho.
A`dugo 5> [Y]H @J ADIHO[ FOK A@KHQ @J ADIHO[Q -Urith `o tlis a`dugo
tlh a`kh `j tlh j`dd`wioe adihot afthe`rihs.
A`dugo ]SHZI@XQ GH[L@K -Shjhrs t` dfst ghtl`k ushk pri`r t` faahptioe
f ohw ghtl`k. Hothr io tlis a`dugo tlh a`khs fs iokiafthk chd`w tlh jr`ot pfeh
`j [freht Adihot Dist
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3:
A`dugo 9> J@DD@U-X] ZIQI[Q - Urith tlh ohxt salhkudhk kfth `j visit io tlh
fppr`prifth a`dugo j`r tlh g`otl j`dd`whk cy f sdfsl, h.e. 1-16/. Ulho tlh adihot
rhturos j`r tlh salhkudhk visit, writh tlh kfth ft tlh rielt `j tlh sdfsl, h.e. 1-16/1-
39. F adihot wl` is salhkudhk j`r f pfrtiaudfr g`otl cut jfids t` gfbh tlh adioia visit
widd lfvh `ody `oh kfth hothrhk j`r tlft pfrtiaudfr g`otl.
A`dugo 6=> KS@]@X[ -Ij f adihot jfids t` rhturo j`r tlh ohxt shrviah kfth, lh `r
slh is a`osikhrhk f kr`p`ut. Hothr tlh kfth tlh adihot chafgh f kr`p`ut uokhr
a`dugo Kfth fok iokiafth tlh rhfs`o uokhr a`dugo Shfs`o. Zfdikfth adihot rst
pri`r t` kr`ppioe `ut jr`g tlh rha`rk.
A`dugo 66>SHGFSBQ - Iokiafth io tlis a`dugo tlh kfth fok rhfs`o j`r hvhry
rhjhrrfd gfkh (t` `tlhr adioias) fok rhjhrrfd rhahivhk (jr`g `tlhr adioias), wlial afo
ch kuh t` ghkiafd a`gpdiafti`os `r uofvfidfcdh jfgidy pdfooioe shrviahs fok `tlhr
sieoiafot okioes t` adihot afrh.
Ghtl`k Kr`p`uts (wlho is f adihot a`osikhrhk f kr`p`ut jr`g tlh ghtl`k)>
DFA[F[I@OFD FGHO@SSLHF GH[L@K (DFG)
lfs lhr ghoshs foy tigh witlio six g`otls p`stpfrtug (cdhhkioe `r sp`ttioe
witlio 8: kfys p`stpfrtug is o`t a`osikhrhk fs ghoshs)2 `r
prfatiahs gixhk rheudfr jhhkioe fok/`r rheudfrdy iotr`kuahs s`dik j``k, diquik,
vitfgios witlio tlh rst six g`otls `r o`t hxadusivhdy crhfstjhhkioe lhr cfcy `r2
wlho tlh alidk rhfalhs six g`otls `dk.
OF[XSFD JFGIDY ]DFOOIOE (OJ])
f. Cfsfd C`ky [hgphrfturh Ghtl`k -Ij tlh ushr jfids t` alfrt lhr `wo jhrtidh fok
iojhrtidh phri`ks, slh is a`osikhrhk f kr`p`ut.
c. Ahrviafd Guaus `r Ciddioes @vudfti`o Ghtl`k -Ij tlh ushr jfids t` alfrt lhr
`wo jhrtidh fok iojhrtidh phri`ks, slh is a`osikhrhk f kr`p`ut.
a. Qygpt`-tlhrgfd Ghtl`k - Ij tlh ushr jfids t` alfrt lhr `wo jhrtidh fok iojhrtidh
phri`ks, slh is a`osikhrhk f kr`p`ut.
k. Qtfokfrk Kfys Ghtl`k -Ij tlh ushr lfs o` iokiafti`o `j (f) QKG ush tlr`uel
chfks `r (c) bo`wdhkeh `j rst kfy `j ghostrufti`o `r ayadh dhoetl.O`th> Zfdikfth alfrt g`otldy ij adihot ohhks t` ch kr`pphk.
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]IDDQ -Ij tlh adihot
jfids t` rhturo j`r f rh-suppdy/adioia visit `o tlh salhkudhk kfth uodhss adihot wfs
vfdikfthk fs ehttioe suppdihs jr`g `tlhr s`urahs `tlhr tlfo tlh adioia2
ehts suppdihs fok/`r trfosjhrs t` fo`tlhr adioia2 tlh adihot is a`osikhrhk fs f
aurrhot ushr io tlh adioia wlhrh slh trfosjhrrhk, cut is f kr`p`ut io lhr j`rghr adioia2
khsirhs t` st`p tlh pidds j`r foy rhfs`o.
IONHA[FCDH (KG]F) -Ij tlh adihot
jfids t` rhturo j`r g`rh tlfo tw` whhbs jr`g tlh salhkudhk kfth `j ionhati`o uodhss
adihot wfs vfdikfthk ehttioe suppdy jr`g `tlhr s`urahs `tlhr tlfo tlh adioia2
ehts lhrshdj ionhathk witl KG]F io fo`tlhr adioia2 tlh adihot is a`osikhrhk f aurrhot
ushr io tlh adioia wlhrh slh trfosjhrrhk, cut is f kr`p`ut io lhr j`rghr adioia2
st`ps t` rhahivh tlh ionhati`o j`r foy rhfs`o.
IO[SFX[HSIOH KHZIAH (IXK) -Ij tlh adihot
k`hs o`t rhturo t` tlh adioia j`r alhabup j`r tlrhh t` six whhbs2 o`t dfthr tlfo tlrhh
g`otls fjthr lhr rst p`st-ioshrti`o ghoshs `r lfs o`t chho j`dd`whk-up j`r tw`
yhfrs2
rhquhsts j`r IXK rhg`vfd2
lfs lfk lhr IXK hxphddhk.
A@OK@G -Ij tlh adihot
jfids t` rhturo j`r f rh-suppdy/adioia visit `o salhkudhk visit uodhss adihot wfs
vfdikfthk ehttioe suppdihs jr`g `tlhr s`urahs `tlhr tlfo tlh adioia2
ehts suppdihs jr`g fo`tlhr adioia fok/`r trfosjhrs t` fo`tlhr adioia2 tlh adihot is
a`osikhrhk f aurrhot ushr io tlh adioia wlhrh slh trfosjhrrhk, cut is f kr`p`ut io
lhr j`rghr adioia2
st`ps usioe tlh ghtl`k j`r foy `tlhr rhfs`o.
Z@DXO[FSY QXSEIAFD A@O[SFAH][I@O
[ucfd diefti`o -Ij tlh adihot is fdrhfky gho`pfusfd (fvhrfeh> 8= yhfrs `dk)2
Zfshat`gy -iokhoith
O@[H [@ QHSZIAH ]S@ZIKHSQ>J`r adihot usioe pidds, ionhatfcdhs, IXKs, a`ok`gs, tucfd diefti`o `r vfshat`gy,
vfdikfth adihot rst wlhtlhr slh/lh is usioe tlh ghtl`k r o`t chj`rh kr`ppioe lhr/lig ut jr`g tlh rha`rk.
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JFGIDY
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