postgraduate certificate in ict policy and regulation€¦ · postgraduate certificate in ict...

Postgraduate Certificate in ICT Policy and Regulation

© " 2 0 1 2 " S T A N L E Y " S H A N A P I N D A " – " P R O P R I E T A R Y " "

Telecommunications policy, law & institutions

AND

Broadcasting policy, law & institutions

Presented by: Stanley Shanapinda CEO: CRAN Copyright reserved. Proprietary ©"2012"Stanley"Shanapinda"–"Proprietary""

IntroducBons"Time:"16:00"–"20:00"

Cell"Phones:"Silent"Mode"or"Off"15"min"break"

InteracBve"and"ALL"views"welcome"CauBon:"Views"are"personal"and"academic"and"not"those"of"CRAN"

HOUSE&RULES&


CerBficate"holders"will"be"able"to:"Describe"Namibia’s"consBtuBonal"and"legal"frameworks"within"which"

Namibia’s"ICT"legislaBon"Describe"the"relaBonship"between"policy,"law"and"regulaBon"

Discuss"the"raBonales"for"sector"specific"regulaBon"Understand"the"reasons"for"different"insBtuBonal"arrangements"Discuss"the"role"of"the"compeBBon"commission"for"the"ICT"sector"

Analyse"the"impact"and"implicaBons"of"specific"ICT"policies"and"legislaBon"on"the"development"of"the"ICT"sector"

IdenBfy,"disBnguish"and"criBque"approaches"to"regulaBon"Apply"key"instruments"of"regulaBon"

Understand"cosBng"and"pricing"aspect"of"the"telecommunicaBons"sector"Assess"the"compeBBveness"of"the"ICT"sector"and"individual"firms"

"

COURSE&AIMS&


"Apply"the"principles"and"procedures"of"interconnecBon"and"faciliBes"leasing"

Describe"the"principles"of"spectrum"management"Understand"the"allocaBon"and"assignment"of"frequencies"and"numbering"Analyse"the"impact"of"ICTs"on"socioWeconomic"development"of"Namibia"

Describe"the"importance"of"universal"access"and"universal"service"and"differenBate"between"opBons"for"financing"access"

Understand"consumer"protecBon"issues,"procedures"and"insBtuBonal"frameworks"for"addressing"consumer"concerns"

Describe"technologies"and"infrastructure"underpinning"the"delivery"of"ICT"services"Explain"the"network"architectures"of"major"informaBon"and"communicaBons"plaZorms"

Discuss"the"standards"used"in"the"InformaBon"and"communicaBons"technologies"ArBculate"the"technical"factors"influencing"convergence"of"ICT’s"

COURSE&AIMS&


• Reform"of"TelecommunicaBons"&"BroadcasBng"policy,"law"and"regulaBon"

• ConsBtuBonal"and"Legal"Frameworks"for"ICT/Telecomms"Policy,"Law"and"InsBtuBon"

• CompeBBon"Policy,"LegislaBon"and"InsBtuBons"• TelecommunicaBons"Policy,"LegislaBon"

andInsBtuBons"• BroadcasBng"Policy,"Law"and"InsBtuBons"

"

CONTENT&OVERVIEW:&&


• By"the"end"of"the"course,"successful"parBcipants"will"be"able"to:""

Demonstrate"an"understanding"of"and"apply"the"consBtuBonal"and"legal"frameworks"which"govern"ICT"and"broadcasBng"communicaBons"regulaBon"

in"Namibia;"

OUTCOMES&&&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


"Demonstrate"an"understanding"of"and"apply"compeBBon"law"and"policy"in"relaBon"to"the"telecommunicaBons"and"broadcasBng"sectors;""Understand"the"basic"models"of"and"apply"regulatory"methodology,"its"relevance"and"

applicaBon"to"a"compeBBve"market"environment;""

OUTCOMES&&&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


"Demonstrate"an"understanding"of"and"apply"the"basic"principles,"pracBces"and"regulatory"objecBves"to"be"

achieved"in"a"certain"regulatory"framework;"Demonstrate"an"understanding"of"and"apply"the"basic"principles,"pracBces"and"regulatory"objecBves"to"be"

achieved"in"ensuring"transparent"and"efficient"interconnecBon"and"faciliBes"leasing"policy;"tariff"and"

rate"regulaBon,"and"adequate"protecBon"for"customers"and"consumers;""

OUTCOMES&&&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


Test"and"apply"their"understanding"of"the"above"concepts"in"their"specific"organisaBonal"contexts"

and"markets.""""

OUTCOMES&&&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


- Reading List (10 marks)

Please hand in the answer sheets before the start of the lecture on 4 October 2012. Do you think telecommunications and broadcasting requires regulation? Refer to the “Telecommunications

Regulation Handbook” and insert an appropriate quote. (1 mark) Fill in the blanks:

“The establishment of an environment ________ to the development and ______ of ICT and a successful transition to a converged environment of electronic delivery of content and services in Namibia are a

__________.” (3 marks) Namibia subscribes to a liberalised ICT sector. In fulfilling its role, ICT in Namibia is characterised by which

principles? Name 1. (1 mark) Name one of the objectives of CRAN in the Communications Act No.8 of 2009. (1 mark)

In his book “Telecom Reform” William Melody, addresses price regulation and its implications. What are price caps? (1 mark)

In your own words, what is public broadcasting and what is commercial broadcasting? (2 mark) Explain the following concept in your own words. Use an example to illustrate.

“QoS” (1 mark) "

READING&QUIZ&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


What"is"law?""

Rules,"regulaBons"

System"of"Checks"and"balances.""

The"rule"of"law.""

Democracy.""

Law"does"not"exist"in"a"vacuum"SeparaBon"of"powers"–"Organs"of"State."

Legislature,"execuBve"and"judiciary"

e.g."the"CommunicaBons"Act"of"2009"

INTRODUCTION&TO&LAW&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


Hierarchy"of"laws:"

Supreme"law:"ConsBtuBon"

Primary"legislaBon:"Comms"Act"of"2009"

Secondary:"RegulaBons,"Guidelines,"DirecBves"

AuthorisaBon"instruments:"licences,"Board"decisions"


1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


InterpretaBon"of"statutes"

IntenBon"of"the"legislature"

Literal"interpretaBon"="grammaBcal"meaning"

Golden"rule:"contextual"interpretaBon"

"


1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


Legal"concepts"and"principles:"

Rights?,"obligaBons?,"administraBve"jusBce,"fairness,"""governance?"compeBBon,"evidenceWbased"regulaBon,"openness,"accountability,"rights"of"access,"rights"of"way,"

privacy,"lawful"intercepBon,"IP,"data"protecBon,"naBonal"security,"cyber"crime,"naBonal"security,"terrorism,"naBonal"intelligence,"consumer"protecBon,"dispute"

resoluBon,"market"entry,"incumbents,""

e.g."CommunicaBons"Act"No."8"of"2009"

"

"


1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


Always remember:

Logical and analytical thinking and reasoning

Application of principles and concepts to a factual situation to solve legal problems

Know where to find the law

INTRODUCTION TO LAW

1 0 / 7 / 1 2


What"is"policy?""

The"ExecuBve"branch"of"the"State.""

Everything"gov.,"says,"does,"does"not"say"or"do,"verbal,"wrijen,"acBons,"speeches","policy"documents"=""

e.g."white"paper"for"the"CommunicaBons"Act"No."8"of"2009"

•  Policy"does"not"exist"in"a"vaccum"

INTRODUCTION&TO&POLICY&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


"Policy"Guidelines"from"the"Minister"(s.7)"

"

Issue"general"policy"guidelines"to"CRAN,"subject"to"which"CRAN"must"exercise"its"powers"

"

In"consultaBon"with"CRAN"and"stakeholders"

"

Gazejed""

"

"


1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


Vision 2030 and NDP 3

NDP 3 builds on the 8 objectives of Vision 2030

ICT an important sector in the growth of the economy

Knowledge based society and technology driven



Sustainable economic growth

Quality of life

Environmental sustainability


1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


The"BroadcasBng"Policy"DefiniBon:"simultaneous,"real"Bme"distribuBon"of"informaBon"from"one"to"many,"

using"any"transport"method"

It"recognises"convergence"

Equal"access"to"informaBon:"

Via"local"and""global"broadcasBng"services,"even"to"small"and"remote"areas"and"large"ciBes"for"personal"

development,"educaBon,"sBmulaBon,"economic"acBvity"and"informed"parBcipaBon"in"democracy"



The"BroadcasBng"Policy"

Recognises"proWsocial"self"regulaBon"Recognises"the"establishment"of"a"conducive"

environment"for"the"development"and"growth"of"broadcasBng"

African"Charter"on"BroadcasBng"of"2001:"independent"regulators,"develop"local"content"and"

media"diversity"etc."Policy"and"legal"role"of"Minister"recognised"



The"BroadcasBng"Policy"

CRAN"to"implement"policies","regulate"and"report"back"

Frequency"allocaBon"and"efficient"use"

Categories:"public,"commercial"and"community"broadcasBng"

"



The"BroadcasBng"Policy"Principles:"

Open"market"and"fair"compeBBon"Reliable"and"ethical"services"with"internaBonal"

technical"standards"FDI"

Cross"media"ownership"with"defined"checks"and"balances"


1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "



Pluralism"and"diversity"(2002"DeclaraBon"of"Principles"on"Freedom"of"Expression"in"Africa"of"the"African"

Commission"on"Human"and"Peoples’"Rights)""

"


1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "



Content"regulaBon"–"offensive"material,"broadcasBng"code"

SelfWregulatory"codes,"agency"and"media"ombudsman"

Facility"sharing"and"rights"of"way"

Digital"switchover"




NaBonal"provision"of"services"–"universal"service"

Skills"development"–"content"producBon"W"Centres"of"Excellence"



TelecommunicaBons"Policy"

Principles"(same"as"for"broadcasBng,"except"as"stated"below):"

Consumer"protecBon"

New"licensing"regime"

Convergence"and"service"and"technology"neutrality"

InterconnecBon"and"faciliBes"leasing"

Numbering"

Internet"–"promote"PC’s"and"Universal"service"funding"for"underserved"areas"



TelecommunicaBons"Policy"

Principles"(same"as"for"broadcasBng,"except"as"stated"below):"

IP"telephony"recognised""

ReducBon"of"internaBonal"bandwidth"

GRN"funding"for"ICT"projects"



Overarching"ICT"Policy:"sets"vision"and"mission"for"ICT"in"Namibia"

Principles"(combines"all"the"above"principles):"

ICT’s"role"in"socioWeconomic"development"and"eradicaBon"of"poverty"

ICT’s"an"economic"imperaBve"

InternaBonal"protocols"and"agreements"recognised"



Overarching"ICT"Policy:"sets"vision"and"mission"for"ICT"in"Namibia"

Principles"(combines"all"the"above"principles):"

DeregulaBon"

CompeBBon"

LiberalisaBon"

PrivaBsaBon""

"



Who"are"the"relevant"insBtuBons?"

ExecuBve:"Cabinet,"Ministry"of"ICT,"Ministry"of"Finance,"Prime"Ministers"Office"

Legislature:"Parliament,"Parliamentary"Standing"Commijee"on"ICT"

Judiciary:"Courts,"quasiWjudicial"bodies"(administraBve"bodies)"

INTRODUCTION&TO&INSTITUTIONS&


GRN - MICT

NPTH

NFC

SOEGC

leo © " 2 0 1 2 " S T A N L E Y " S H A N A P I N D A " – " P R O P R I E T A R Y " "

• Public"Bodies:"CRAN,"NaCC,"SOEGC,""

• Public"Interest"Bodies:"Consumer"bodies"

• InternaBonal"Bodies:"UNWITU,"UNWUPU,"SADCWCRASA,"TRASA,"SAPOA,"ATU,"UPU,"WSIS,"WTO"


1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


Division"of"roles"and"funcBons"

Policy"role:"execuBve"–"secBon"3"

Regulatory"role:"the"regulator"–"secBon"4"–"converged"regulator"

Key"elements"for"effecBve"regulatory"bodies:"financial"independence,"structural"independence,"funcBonality"

Concepts"and"principles:"regulatory"capture,"regulatory"effecBveness,""


1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


ITU - UN Agency on ICT

ITU-D

IDI Index (ICT Development Index) : tracks the digital divide and benchmarks information society developments

ICT access, use and skills

WSIS 2003 Geneva to Tunis Plan of Action and Universal Postal Union (UPU) Directives and initiatives



ITU: WSIS 2003 Geneva to Tunis Plan of Action

ICT’s for development

ICT infrastructure

Universal access to information and knowledge

Capacity Building

Security

Enabling environment

ICT applications (e-health)



CRASA 1997

Communications Regulators Association of Southern Africa

Regional integration e.g. SADC Frequency Band Plan

SATA 1980

Southern Africa Telecommunications Association of telco operators

Formed based on the need for regional co-operation among SADC Member states as envisaged in the SADC Treaty and the SADC Protocol on Transport, Communications

and Meteorology.



Concepts"and"principles:"

Sharing"of"infrastructure,"interconnecBon,"price"caps,"price"regulaBon,"broadband,"UAS,"access"gap,"affordable,"costsWbased"tariffing,"efficient"spectrum"management,"digitalisaBon,"convergence,"electronic"communicaBons"services,"electronic"networks,"rights"of"way,"data,"liberalisaBon,"convergence,"eWgovernment"services,"disrupBve"

technologies"

WHAT&IS&TELECOMMUNICATIONS?&&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


"Technologies"and"services:"VoIP,"IPTV,"eWmail,"4G"(LTE),"WiMax,"ADSL,""

WHAT&IS&TELECOMMUNICATIONS?&&


The"BroadcasBng"Policy"DefiniBon:"simultaneous,"real"Bme"distribuBon"of"informaBon"from"one"to"many,"

using"any"transport"method"

It"recognises"convergence"

Equal"access"to"informaBon:"

Via"local"and""global"broadcasBng"services,"even"to"small"and"remote"areas"and"large"ciBes"for"personal"

development,"educaBon,"sBmulaBon,"economic"acBvity"and"informed"parBcipaBon"in"democracy"

WHAT&IS&BROADCASTING?&&


ITU:"radiocommunicaBon"for"direct"recepBon"by"the"general"public"–"sound"and"TV"

Content"regulaBon:"broadcasBng"charter"–"secBon"89"

"BroadcasBng"Policy"DefiniBon"

"SecBon"83"

"

WHAT&IS&BROADCASTING?&&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


“…mulBple"services"being"offered"by"the"same"plaZorm”"

"

&WHAT&IS&CONVERGENCE&&

&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


1 0 / 7 / 1 2

©"2012"Stanley"Shanapinda"–"Proprietary""

Different forms :

a. Horizontal (industry) convergence. This is the integration of content, networks and devices.

Examples are music downloads through the mobile phone, mobile e-mail, mobile TV, mobile, news alerts and mobile mapping services

CONVERGENCE

1 0 / 7 / 1 2


b. Vertical (value chain) convergence.

This is the integration along the value chain and the accompanying standardisation in respect of a specific product segment such as ringtones, music and event tickets

CONVERGENCE


c. Functional (applications and services) convergence.

This is the convergence between the major categories of communications, information, entertainment and transactions.

CONVERGENCE


It impacts on three key areas:

a. Content.

This includes text and image-based Internet services, language-based communication services and music and film-based broadcast media

CONVERGENCE

1 0 / 7 / 1 2


b. Networks.

These are relevant networks that are used as transmission media; and include telephone lines, mobile communication networks, the Internet and transmission of the television signal via TV cable, satellite

or terrestrial antennae.

CONVERGENCE

1 0 / 7 / 1 2


c. Devices.

These are end devices via which the user can receive services; and include telephones and mobile phones for speech, Internet capable personal computers for text as well as television sets, DVD or

MP3 players for the area of television and music.

CONVERGENCE


Convergence:"is"the"consolida)on"and"integra)on"of"different"technologies"into"a"common1

digital1transport1medium1for"any"data"provided"by"broadcas)ng"and"telecommunica)ons.""

"

The"underlying"use"of"InformaBon"Technology"(IT)"is"a"common"feature"for"these"convergent"industries."

"Convergence"covers"the"integraBon"of"service"providers,"technologies,"

equipment,"and"markets"that"provide"data"in"any"format"for"informaBon"and"communicaBon."

"SBR"Juconomy"ConsulBng"AG"Nordstr,"page"7"

CONVERGENCE


1 0 / 7 / 1 2

© 2010 NAMIBIA MINISTRY OF I&CT / NCC TPT

A Typical Ecosystem


InformaBon"society,"digital"age,"digital"economy,""TelecommunicaBons"layer:"networks,"services,"applicaBons…(insert"pic),"

knowledge"based"society,"green" !ICT,""

ICT&ECOSYSTEM&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


InteracBons"between"four"groups"of"players:""

1."network"element"providers"(those"who"provide"the"individual"elements"of"networks);""

"

2."network"operators"(those"who"create"and"operate"networks);""

ICT ECOSYSTEM

1 0 / 7 / 1 2


3."plaZorm,"content"and"applicaBons"providers"(those"who"use"elements"and"networks"to"provide"content"and"applicaBons);"and"

"

4."final"consumers"(divided"into"various"subgroups).""

"

ICT ECOSYSTEM

1 0 / 7 / 1 2


1 0 / 7 / 1 2

ICT Ecosystem


RaBonale/"underpinning"philosophy:""

Business"affected"with"the"public"interest"

"

“….the"vehicle"to"ajain,"and"subsequently"sustain,"widespread"access,"effecBve"compeBBon"and"consumer"protecBon”"(T"R"Handbook)"

WHY&REGULATE?&&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "



“RegulaBon"is"necessary"to"provide"a"foundaBon"upon"which"markets"can"funcBon"more"effecBvely"than"they"could"otherwise."Access"to"public"resources,"including"the"radio"spectrum,"numbering"and"rights"of"way,"is"essenBal"for"faciliBesWbased"entry."

None"of"these"essenBal"services"can"be"acquired"in"unregulated"compeBBve"markets…""

WHY&REGULATE?&&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "



…Therefore"compeBBve"operator"licensing"and"cooperaBon"in"technical"standards"development"must"take"place."InterconnecBon"with"dominant"PTO’s"on"reasonable"terms,"including"pricing,"revenue"sharing"and"access"to"informaBon"is"essenBal"both"

for"new"faciliBesWbased"entrants"as"well"as"VAS"suppliers,"and"will"only"occur"if"regulaBon"enforces"it.”"Melody"

WHY&REGULATE?&&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


RaBonale/"underpinning"philosophy:"

!

“With!intelligent!network!developments,!such!as!the!Internet,!new!concerns!rela9ng!to!privacy!and!security,!and!informa9on!content!issues,!ranging!from!obscenity!to!

intellectual!property!rights,!are!requiring!policy!and!regulatory!a>en9on.”"Melody"

WHY&REGULATE?&&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


"InternaBonal"trade"harmonisaBon"(WTO"Reference"Paper"on"

TelecommunicaBons)"and"BTA,"SADC"Model"laws""

LiberalisaBon"(monopolies"to"compeBBon)"–"Fig.’s"on"Need"for"RegulaBon"W"insert,""

WHY&REGULATE?&&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


SocioWeconomic"imperaBves:""

"

choice,"affordability,"reasonable"service"(consumer"demands)"at"a"reasonable"price"(just"price"="affordability"and"not"exploitaBve"pricing)"

WHY&REGULATE?&&


Technological"evoluBon:"privacy"(spam),"security,"child"protecBon,"convergence,"copyright,"consBtuBonal"rights"

""

SecBon"2"of"the"Act"–"objects"and"benefits"of"regulaBon"

WHY&REGULATE?&&


• The"SS"ICT"Regulatory"Ecosystem":"

• Processes"–"Divided"into"5"Quadrants"(Blue)"

• People"and"InsBtuBons"(Red)"

• Mediums"(Green)"

• Curves"(yellow)"

• Gears"(orange)"

• InteracBve"Paths"(purple)"""

HOW&REGULATE?&&


Public Interest

Process - ICT Issues

Primary Policy

Process

Legislative Process

Secondary Policy

Process

Regulatory Process

General Public, ICT Entities, Consumer

Bodies

Executive (Cabinet, MICT – Policy Unit,

NPC, MoF, PM’s Office)

Parliament (Parliament Standing Committees,

NA, NC)

Executive (Cabinet, MICT – Policy Unit,

NPC, MoF, PM’s Office)

Regulator and other institutions (CRAN,

NaCC, SOEGC)

PROCESSES&AND&PEOPLE&&&INSTITUTIONS&&

______________________________________________________________________________"

__________________________________"

5Q

3Q 4Q

2Q

1Q


Lobby, advocacy, complaints, protest, hearing submissions

Speeches, press releases, white papers, green papers, cabinet directives, policies, gazettes

Bills, Laws, Public Hearings Policy guidelines published in

gazettes

Regulations, directives, decisions, orders, penalties, hearings

Improved QoL, reduced prices, increased ICT penetration,

flourishing ICT sector

Mediums""1Q

2Q

3Q 4Q

5Q


Effectiveness Curve (Purposes)

Independence Curve (Financial, Structural

and Functional)

Curves""1Q

2Q

3Q 4Q

5Q


1Q

2Q

3Q 4Q

5Q

Governance Gear (transparency, predictability,

accountability, openness, public availability of

information, limitation of powers, review,

reconsiderations, Board and management appointments,

separation of powers)

Key Regulatory Issues Gear (rights and

obligations of licensees = rights of way,

interconnection, pricing, competition, numbering,

spectrum, licensing, enforcement, UAS etc.)

Interpretation Gear (statutory

and policy)

Gears"


1Q

2Q

3Q 4Q

5Q

Processes"and"People"&"InsBtuBons:"InteracBve"Paths""


1Q

2Q

3Q 4Q

5Q

Zones

Governance Zone (transparency, predictability, accountability, openness,

public availability of information, limitation of powers, review,

reconsiderations, Board and management appointments, separation of powers)

Interpretation Zone (statutory and policy)

Key Regulatory Issues Zone (rights and obligations of licensees = rights of way, interconnection, pricing, competition,

numbering, spectrum, licensing, enforcement, UAS etc.)


Vision 2030

NDP 3

The Broadcasting Policy

Telecommunications Policy

Information Technology Policy

Overarching ICT Policy and Implementation Plan

HOW&REGULATE?&POLICY&REGULATORY&INSTRUMENTS&


The Namibian Constitution

The Communications Act 8 of 2009

The Acts to be amended and or repealed by the Communications Act 8 of 2009:

The Radio Act 3 of 1953 and amendments thereto

The Namibian Broadcasting Act 9 of 1991

HOW&REGULATE?&LEGISLATIVE&REGULATORY&INSTRUMENTS&


The Namibian Communications Commission Act 4 of 1992 and amendments thereto

The Post and Telecommunications Act 19 of 1992

The Post and Telecommunications Companies Establishment Act 17 of 1992



Use of Electronic Transactions and Communications draft Bill (2010 version)

The Namibian Competition Act 2 of 2003

The Namibia Central Intelligence Service Act 10 of 1997

The State-Owned Enterprises Governance Act of 2006



SADC Protocol on Transport, Communications and Meteorology, 1998

SADC Telecommunication Policies and Model Telecommunication Bill, 1998

SADC Telecommunication Policies and Model Telecommunication Bill, 1998

HOW REGULATE? SADC INSTRUMENTS

1 0 / 7 / 1 2


SADC Protocol on Culture, Information and Sport, 2001

SADC Declaration on ICT, 2001

Declaration and Treaty of SADC of 1992, signed in Windhoek

HOW REGULATE? SADC INSTRUMENTS

1 0 / 7 / 1 2


•  The"licensing"framework"for"telecommunicaBons"and"broadcasBng"

HOW REGULATE? LICENSING TYPOLOGY

1 0 / 7 / 1 2


SecBon"37"Licensing"categories"(GG"4714"of"18"

May"2011)"General"licence"categories:"Services"and"

spectrum"and""

TELECOMMUNICATIONS&LICENSING&FRAMEWORK&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


DeWlicensing"and"eliminaBong"licnce"requirements:"unlicensed"categories"ObjecBves:"service"and"technology"

neutral"


1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


"

Service"and"technology"neutrality""

Convergence"thus"requires"that"modern"licensing"rules"and"regulaBons"be"based"on"and"be"dependent"upon"the"equal1and1neutral1treatment1of1technologies1and1services."The"type1of1informa)on1and1communica)ons1infrastructure1deployed"should"no1longer1limit1the"kind1of1services1that"can"be"provided,"and"vice"versa."""

"

SBR"Juconomy"ConsulBng"AG"Nordstr,"page"9"

""


1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


• SecBons"83"and"84"• GG"4714"of"18"May"2011"

• Content:"SecBon"89"

&&BROADCASTING&LICENSING&FRAMEWORK&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


(GG"4714"of"18"May"2011)"Technology"neutral"challenges"

Spectrum"trading"InWband"migraBon:"reWfarming"–"3G"spectrum"

for"4G"services"New"technologies:"WiWFi"–"ISM"band"2.4GHz"

SPECTRUM&LICENSING&FRAMEWORK&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


DTT"migraBon"–"790-862 MHz (800 MHz band) - DD?"

SPECTRUM&LICENSING&FRAMEWORK&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


In terms of section 99, the regulator is vested with the control, planning and administration, management and licensing of the radio spectrum. The spectrum must be managed in an orderly, efficient and effective manner.

SPECTRUM&LICENSING&FRAMEWORK

1 0 / 7 / 1 2


Monitoring"and"enforcement"SecBons"114"–"126"

""

MONITORING&OF&LICENCES&AND&ENFORCEMENT&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


• SecBon"46"• Ajract"FDI"

• Capital"intensive"• Local"empowerment"of"HDI"

""

OWNERSHIP&RESTRICTIONS:&&LICENSING&FRAMEWORK&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


Section 56: Part 4

Policy: An important aim of Government is to ensure universal access and services (as far as possible) to the

Namibian population. This includes access to all forms of ICT – in particular, telephony, the Internet, radio and television and postal services.

UNIVERSAL ACCESS AND SERVICE (UAS)


Universal"Service"Fund"(s.56"–"58)"

Forms:"

Minimum"number"of"telecommunicaBons"services"for"a"given"community"

Specified"equipment"to"be"made"available"to"a"given"community"

Specified"services"to"a"category"of"customers"

Specified"services"to"schools,"hospitals"or"other"place"

Deployment"of"any"technology"

In"any"other"manner"

"

"

"


1 0 / 7 / 1 2


Universal"Service"Fund"(s.56"–"58)"

Annual"Report"to"Minister"and"NaBonal"Assembly:"

By"CEO"

To"which"communiBes"universal"service"is"provided"and"to"which"not"

Financial"report"

How"finances"will"be"spent"

Steps"to"promote"universal"service,"future"and"past"

Any"other"majer"

"


1 0 / 7 / 1 2


W Affordable"vs."cost"based"vs."profitable"

W Maximum"prices"for"monopoly"services"W Price"caps"

W Reasonableness:"W Equity:"“need”"and"“ability"to"pay”"

&PRICING&AND&TARIFFS&&&

&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


W Cost"of"an"efficient"operator:"cost"of"supplying"the"service"

W IncenBves"for"being"efficient:"Reasonable"RoI"

W Improving"performance:"new"services,"technologies"""


&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


- terms of section 53 of the Act, the regulatory may set prices for all services

once filed for approval. NCC"onWnet"offWnet"ruling"and""MTC"vs"NCC"(CRAN)"court"case"


&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


Approaches"DiscreBonary"price"sewng:"based"on"social"objecBves"–"affordability"and"vaule"of"service"

principle"Rate"of"Return"(RoR)"RegulaBon:"rules"based,"calculate"the"operators"revenue"requirement"and"then"prices"adjusted"to"meet"revenue"

requirements"


&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


Approches"RoRWIncenBve"regulaBon:"inducements"and"

penalBes"Price"cap"regulaBon:"formula"for"maximum"allowable"price"increases"–"increases"of"an"

efficient"operator"""Regulatory"Benchmarking""


&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


"QoS"

Up"to"date"T’s"and"C’s"SecBon"79(4)"–"contents"of"

consumer"contracts""

&&

QUALITY&OF&SERVICE&AND&CONSUMER&PROTECTION&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


"QoS"regulaBon"policies:""

"priceWquality"tradeWoff"by"dominant"operators"–"quality"degradaBon"

&&


1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


"Protect"consumers"from"monopoly"power"

–"e.g."low"speed"of"fault"repair"–"insensiBve"to"quality"preferences"

Informed"choice:"publicised"comparable"quality"of"service"indicators"

"

&&



"QoS"regulaBon:""

Indicators:"InstallaBon"Bmes,"dial"tone"delay,"call"set"

up"delay,"dropped"calls,"billing"etc."

""

&&


1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


Sections 33- 35

Dominance: section 78

Fair Competition:

Mergers and acquisitions

GF vs CRAN: Court case (class debate)

Prohibition of Anti-competitive practices

MoU with NaCC

COMPETITION&REGULATION

1 0 / 7 / 1 2


SecBon"49"–"licensees"required"to"interconnect"their"networks"with"each"other,"

for"the"purpose"of"the"transport"and"terminaBon"of"telecommunicaBons"and"informaBon,""

based"on"reasonable"charges"to"be"contained"in"an"agreement.""

The"regulator"vets"and"approves"interconnecBon"agreements"and"on"terms"and"requirements"as"

prescribed"by"it.""

&INTERCONNECTION&AND&FACILITIES&

SHARING&&

1 0 / 5 / 1 2 "


Two"types:"Customer"terminal"interconnecBon"and""

InterconnecBon"of"monopoly"telephone"companies"Issues:""

SLA’s,"T’s"and"C’s"

UAS"


SHARING&&&

1 0 / 5 / 1 2 "


"“Without!regulatory!interven9on,!interconnec9on!arrangements!are!likely!to!reflect!the!respec9ve!market!power!of!the!players!at!the!9me!of!the!nego9a9on,!and!be!used!by!the!PTO!to!create!

ar9ficial!barriers!to!entry!and!shape!compe99ve!opportuni9es!to!its!own!interest”!

! !"Bill"Melody""


SHARING&&

1 0 / 5 / 1 2 "


Sections 47 - 52

DUTIES OF PROVIDERS

1 0 / 7 / 1 2


Sections 59 – 60

"ArBcle"16"

The"right"to"acquire"and"own"immovable"property"

ExpropriaBon"in"the"public"interest"

e.g."servitudes"and"rights"of"access"of"carriers"to"land"

RIGHTS OF CARRIERS

1 0 / 7 / 1 2


IntercepBon"of"telecommunicaBons"services"(secBon"70)"

President"to"establish"intercepBon"centres"to"combat"crime"and"for"naBonal"security"staffed"via"the"NCIS"

Oath/AffirmaBon"of"Office"to"intercept"and"monitor"subject"to"the"laws"of"Namibia"

Request"to"intercept"or"monitor"to"intercepBon"centre:"

i.t.o."a"law"

Warrant,"if"required"

"

&LAWFUL&INTERCEPTION&

&&

1 0 / 7 / 1 2 "


CompensaBon"ObligaBons"of"licensees:"provide"services"in"

manner"that"can"be"intercepted"and"provide"customer"informaBon"

&LAWFUL&INTERCEPTION&

&&


• NCIS Act of 1997

• General prohibition of interception and monitoring of communications (s.24(1))

• Except with the direction of a judge (s.24(2)),

• Limits privacy (Article 13) (s.24(3)

LAWFUL INTERCEPTION


• Upon application by the Director-General of the NCIS (s.25(1) on good grounds shown that national security is threatened and investigation is

required, on an affidavit

LAWFUL INTERCEPTION


"IntercepBon"of"telecommunicaBons"services"(s."70"W"

77)"Licencees"to"provide"services"in"such"a"manner"that"it"can"be"intercepted"

"

Store"informaBon"regarding"originaBon,"desBnaBon,"contents"of"and"other"informaBon"

"

LAWFUL&INTERCEPTION&


"

Minister"to"make"regulaBons"in"consultaBon"with"NCIS"and"CRAN"

"

Licencees"refunded"costs"of"assistance"to"centres"

"

LAWFUL&INTERCEPTION&


Article 13(1)

“No persons shall be subject to interference with the privacy of their homes, correspondence or communications save as in accordance with law and as is necessary in a

democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country,…

LAWFUL INTERCEPTION - CONSTITUTIONALITY

1 0 / 7 / 1 2


…for the protection of health or morals, for the prevention of disorder or crime of for the protection of the rights or freedoms of others.” (own emphasis)


1 0 / 7 / 1 2


ArBcle"13(2)"

“Searches"of"the"person"or"the"homes"of"individuals"shall"only"be"jusBfied:"

"(a)"where"these"are"authorised1by1a1competent1judicial1officer;"

"(b)"in"case"where"delay"in"obtaining"such"judicial"authority"carries"with"it"the"danger"of"prejudicing"the"objects"of"the"search"or"the"public"interest,"and"such"

procedures"as"are"prescribed"by"Act"of"Parliament"to"preclude"abuse"are"properly"saBsfied.”"


1 0 / 7 / 1 2


ArBcle"21(1)(a)"

Fundamental"freedoms"

Freedom"of"speech"and"expression,"including"freedom"of"the"press"and"other"media"

"


1 0 / 7 / 1 2


"ArBcle"21(1)(a)"

LimitaBons:"

Subject"to"laws"having"reasonable"restricBons,"necessary"in"a"democraBc"society,"and""

required""in"the"interest"of"naBonal"security,"decency,"morality,"public"order,"defamaBon"etc."

"


1 0 / 7 / 1 2


ArBcle"22""

LimitaBon"of"fundamental"rights"and"freedoms"

"

LimitaBon"shall"be"of"general"applicaBon"and"

"

Shall"not"be"aimed"at"a"parBcular"individual"


1 0 / 7 / 1 2


ArBcle"24"

DerogaBon"from"fundamental"rights"and"freedoms"in"states"of"emergency"

ArBcle"25(2)"

Remedies"for"infringement"of"fundamental"rights"and"freedoms"

ArBcle"26"

DerogaBon"from"fundamental"rights"and"freedoms"in"states"of"emergency"


1 0 / 7 / 1 2


"Regulates:"

"

Electronic"transacBons"

"

CommunicaBons"and"

"

InformaBon"Systems"Management"

"

"

"

"

&ELECTRONIC&TRANSACTIONS&&AND&COMMUNICATIONS&


""

Promotes:"

Development"and"use"of"electronic"transacBons,"informaBon"communicaBons"data"systems"and"related"technologies"

"

in"relaBon"to"the"use"and"security"of"electronic"signatures,"wriBng,"encrypBon,"records"and"archives,"and""

to"prevent"the"unlawful"use"thereof"

"

&ELECTRONIC&TRANSACTIONS&AND&

COMMUNICATIONS&


"Scope:"

"

Applies"to"any"electronic"transacBon"or"data"message"used"or"intended"to"be"used"in"relaBon"to"an"electronic"transacBon"(s.3(1))"

"

Exclusions"(s.19(4)):""

Wills,"Deed"of"Sale,"Cheques,"Stamp"DuBes"

"


COMMUNICATIONS&


"

"Establishment"of"the"Electronic"InformaBon"Systems"Management"Council"

(s.4)""

A"commijee""of"the"CRAN"Board"(i.t.o."s.16"of"the"CommunicaBons"Act)"

"

5"Members"are"appointed"by"the"CRAN"Board,"with"the"Ministers"approval"

"

"

"


COMMUNICATIONS&


"

"Powers"and"FuncBons""of"CRAN/Council"(s.14)"

"

To"regulate"and"facilitate"the"use"of"electronic"communicaBons"and"transacBons"and"to"direct"informaBon"systems"management"pracBces"in"Namibia"through"the"Council"

(s.14(1)"


COMMUNICATIONS&


"


"

"advise"the"Minister"on"the"use"and"best"pracBces"on"applicaBon"and"management"of"electronic"transacBons"and"communicaBons"and"informaBon"systems"(s.14(2))"

"

"

"

"

"


COMMUNICATIONS&


"


"

Advise"Minister"on"issuing"direcBves"or"regulaBons"on"majers"related"to"the"recogniBon"of"secure"electronic"signatures"

"


COMMUNICATIONS&


"


"

Research,"internaBonal"requirements,"conduct"studies,"recommend"on"appointment"of"inspectors,"advise"on"Illegal"internet"content,"advise"on"disputes,"and"majers"

incidental"to"ajain"the"objects"of"the"Act"

"

"

"

"


COMMUNICATIONS&


"

"WriBng"(s.19):"

"

Where"a"law"requires"informaBon"to"be"in"wriBng,"that"requirement"is"met"by"a"data"message"if"the"informaBon"is"accessible"and"usable"for"subsequent"reference"(s.19(1))"

e.g."Contracts"of"employment,"HireWPurchase"Agreements"


COMMUNICATIONS&


"

"WriBng"(s.19):"

"

Exclusions"(s.19(4)"

Wills,"Deed"of"Sale,"Cheques,"Stamp"DuBes"(lease"agreements)"

"

"

"

"

"


COMMUNICATIONS&


"

""

Signature"(s.20(1)""

If"a"law"requires"the"signature"of"a"person"an"electronic"signature"will"be"deemed"to"be"valid,"provided"the"electronic"signature"complies"with"the"requirements"as"

prescribed"by"regulaBon"

Exclusions"(s.20(6)"

Wills,"Deed"of"Sale,"Cheques,"Stamp"DuBes"(lease"agreements)"

"

"

"

"


COMMUNICATIONS&


"

"

"RecogniBon"of"secure"electronic"signature"(s.21)"

"

Accredited"authenBcaBon"products"or"services"will"be"recognised"as"a"secure"signature"by"regulaBon"and"by"prescribe"certain"standards"ad"licensing"procedures"

"

"

"


COMMUNICATIONS&


"

"Original"informaBon"(s.23)"

"

Where"the"law"requires"informaBon"to"be"presented"in"its"original"form"(e.g."evidence"in"court),"that"requirement"is"generally"met"by"a"data"message:"

"

With"reliable"assurance"on"the"integrity"of"the"informaBon"from"generaBon"to"its"final"form"

"

"


COMMUNICATIONS&


"

"

"Admissibility"and"evidenBal"weight"of"data"messages"(s.24)"

Data"messages"admissible"as"evidence""

"

Electronic"record"retenBon"(s.25)"

Where"the"law"requires"that"certain"documents,"records"or"informaBon"be"retained"that"requirement"is"met"by"electronic"record"retenBon:"

If"it"is"a"data"message"etc."

"


COMMUNICATIONS&


""

Data"messages"have"legal"effect"(s.27)"between"the"originator"and"addressee"

"FormaBon"and"validity"of"contracts"(s.28)"

Exclusions"(s.28(2)"Wills,"Deed"of"Sale,"Cheques,"Stamp"DuBes"

(lease"agreements)"Time"and"place"of"dispatch"and"receipt"of"data"messages"(s.30)"

"


COMMUNICATIONS&


"

"Automated"message"systems"given"legal"effect"(s.33)"

"EWcommerce"(s.34)"

Minister"may"make"regulaBons"

Unsolicited"goods,"services"or"communicaBons"(a.k.a."junk"mail)"(s.35)"Unauthorised"interference"(s.45)"


COMMUNICATIONS&


"

"

"Electronic"fraud"/forgery"(s.47)"

"Electronic"extorBon"(s.48)"

"RegulaBons"(s.54)"

Made"by"Minister"


COMMUNICATIONS&


"

ArBcle"18"

AdministraBve"bodies"to"act"fairly"and"reasonably"

e.g."CRAN"–"CommunicaBons"Regulatory"Authority"of"Namibia"

"LimiBng"the"discreBon"and"accountability"

Remedies:"27"–"32"

ReconsideraBon"

Review"of"acBons"

"

REGULATORY&GOVERNANCE&


Telecom Reform: Principles, Policies and Regulatory Practices - ed William H. Melody

Telecommunications Regulation Handbook –ed. Colin Blackman and Lara Srivastava. 10th A n n i v e r s a r y E d i t i o n . T h e W o r l d B a n k . i n f o D e v . I F C V . I T U . http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/reg/D-REG-TRH.01-2011-PDF-E.pdf

The International Telecommunications Union’s ICT Regulation Toolkit for Regulators, available at www.ictregulationtoolkit.org

Te l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s L a w i n S o u t h A f r i c a , e d i t e d b y L i s a T h o r n t o n e t . a l . http://link.wits.ac.za/papers/tele-law.html

T h e C o n s t i t u t i o n o f t h e R e p u b l i c o f N a m i b i a . http://www.superiorcourts.org.na/supreme/nam_constitution.html

The Communications Act No. 8 of 2009 and the regulations made under it by CRAN(available from http://cran.na/Downloads.html )

REFERENCES

1 0 / 7 / 1 2


FOR YOUR ATTENTION THANK YOU!


postgraduate certificate in ict policy and regulation€¦ · postgraduate certificate in ict...

Documents