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RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATION DESIGN © 2012
www.PosterPresentations.com
Kay Magill, Ph.D., Senior Research Associate, IMPAQ International, LLCLinda Toms Barker, M.A., Principal Research Associate, IMPAQ International, LLC
Toward an Accessible and Inclusive Public Workforce SystemAssessing & Enhancing Public Programs & Policy
www.impaqint.com
THE PROBLEM
HOW ACCESSIBLEARE THE AJCs?
OUR STUDY DESIGN DEFINING LEVELS OF ACCESSIBLITY
SURVEY AND SITE VISITS1,500+ AJC Directors completed an online survey of center accessibility. To validate the survey we conducted expertassessments of 100 sites nationwide. IMPAQ specialists interviewed toured the centers and interviewed staff, whileUniversal Design Consultants’ architectural experts did physical accessibility reviews. Site visit teams then reported thedata for each site to validate the survey and control for socially desirable response or non-‐response bias in the survey.
10.4%
4.7%
People With Disabilities
People Without Disabilities
Unemployment Rate (September 2015)
19%
68%
People With Disabilities
People Without Disabilities
Labor Market Participation (September 2015)
The unemployment rate of people with disabilities(PWD) is more than double that of people withoutdisabilities, while the labor market participation rateof PWD is only 19% compared to 68% for peoplewithout disabilities.
Recognizing these serious employment disparities, theUS Department of Labor (DOL) has strongly committedto the inclusion of all PWD in services offered by itsAmerican Job Centers (AJCs), which provideemployment and training services for job seekers andemployers. Through the Workforce Innovation andOpportunity ACT (WIOA) of 2014, the AJCs(sometimes called One-‐Stops or workforce centers) arerequired to make their services available andaccessible to everyone, including PWD.
The public workforce system can be part of the solution to the problem of employment disparities for PWD, but only if they are fully accessible to all PWD.
IMPAQ is workingwith DOLto determinehow accessible theAJCs are to PWD. Our conceptof accessibility focusesonusability, going beyond simplecompliance with requirements for eliminating physicalbarriers or offering assistive communication.
Accessibility encompasses a wide range of practices inthree domains – programmatic, communication, andphysical – to ensure PWD can meaningfully receive,participate in, and benefit from AJC services in thesame way as customers without disabilities.
IMPAQ examined prior studies that measured the accessibility of public service systems, and identified a range ofmeasures, instruments, and data items for use in our study. There were, however, virtually no metrics to validate themeasures we identified. We thus designed a study to assess and validate which aspects of service delivery bestdistinguish between more and less accessible workforce centers, while taking into account the response bias likely tooccur when asking public agencies to self-‐report their accessibility features.
REPORT TO DOL
Phase 3• Standard setting• Write up
Phase 2• Instrument development• Survey administration• Survey validation
Phase 1• Existing knowledge• Background research• Consultation with experts
DOMAIN SCORES
AJC SUMMARY MEASURE
OF ACCESSIBILITY
% OF AJCs ACCESSIBLE TO PWD
Domain scores for each AJC will be generated from data collected through the survey and in-‐person data collection visits.
Domain scores will be combined to create a summary measure of accessibility for each AJC.
Overall accessibility will be analyzed across AJCs to determine the percentage of different types of AJCs that are accessible to people with disabilities.
At 10 of the AJCs visited, groups of 6-‐12 customers eachprovided detailed examples of barriers to, and facilitatorsof, full participation and accessibility of the AJCs to PWD.
Using Item Response Theory (IRT), which identifiesstatistically which items distinguish more from lessaccessibility centers, IMPAQ, Subject Matter Experts,and DOL are defining four levels of accessibility, asshown here. IRT also adjusts for differences betweenself-‐reported and expert assessments of accessibility.
The development of validated measures represents groundbreaking work for measuring inclusiveness and promoting high standards of quality in providing employment and training services to PWD.
FOCUS GROUPS
SCORING ACCESSIBILITYEach of the three domains of accessibility will bescored separately, and the three then combined.
AccessibleAll people can participate to the same extent/in essentially the same way.
Partially AccessiblePeople with disabilities can participate in some services/programs/activities
but not others, or not in the same way.
Exemplary AccessibilityCenters have gone the extra mile to ensure that all people can participate
to the same extent/in the essentially same way.
Not AccessiblePeople with disabilities really cannot participate in the same way as other AJC
customers.
12%
32%
57% 58%
Receiving Job Training Attending Workshops Utilizing Resource Room Materials
Meeting with a Career Counselor
Experience with Workforce Center
28%
14%
22%
9%
11%
8%8%
Primary Disability
Mental Health MobilityOther PhysicalCognitiveChronic Health ConditionSensory vision/hearingMissing
30%
33%
32%
5%
Highest Education
College grad
Some college
High school grad
Less than high schoolThis study is funded by the U.S. Department of Labor.