poster research scholar day
TRANSCRIPT
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Title
All authors with affiliations (Presenting author to be indicated)
Introduction - objectives, context and hypotheses, or predictions
Methods / Materials - subjects, study site, and protocol
Results - including graphs, tables, etc.
Discussion and conclusionshighlight significance of the findings
Acknowledgements and references
Patel A. R., Himanshu Tyagi &Harpreet Singh
SMMEE, IIT Ropar
E-mail: [email protected]
Title: DECENTRALISED OFF-GRID ELECTRICITY GENERATION USING
INTERMEDIATE PYROLYSIS OF WHEAT STRAW
Introduction:
India is witnessing a consistent industrial growth since several decades. With the advent of this, both
commercial as well as domestic energy consumptions are growing, almost with similar pace. The primary
energy consumption of the country during 2008 is reported to be: coal (53.4%); oil (31.2%); natural gas
(8.6%); hydroelectricity (6.0%); and nuclear energy (0.8%)[1]
. The principal sources available to meet the
energy requirement for the country are coal and oil, while the domestic sector utilises mainly coal and
kerosene. The use of these fuels not only results in depleting the already scares sources of energy butalso have serious environmental consequences due to emission of green house gases in the form of
irreversible environmental degradation.
Indian economy is heavily dependent on the imports of oil. In 200405, 72% of Indias total oil
consumption met by imports[2]
, whereas the same amounts to 76.5% during 200607, and to even 78%
in 200708[3]
. With the growing percentage of crude import, reflects on the economy of the country. In
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view of this, it is rather imperative on the part of researchers and energy planners, to search for alternate
and renewable sources of the energy.
The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines, and the World Resources Climate
Analysis Data, the review gives the breakup of the emission produced from energy as well as in non-
energy sector for year 2000 as shown in Fig. 1[4]
. It is important to note that green house gas (GHG)
emission from agriculture (14%) is equally harmful as that from industry (14%). Any abatement policy
targeted towards agricultural sector would give similar overall impact compared to its industrial
counterpart. The statistics when transformed to a country like India. With its rural sector comprises of
sizable 76% of the population, contributing more than 40% to the countrys GDP. Any environmental
abatement measure influencing agricultural sector will generate a vital impact on economical as well as
environmental front[5]
.
Fig. 1 GHG emissions by source for the year 2000
In recent times there has been a great interest in the biomass as renewable energy source world over.
The major reasons for this are as follows. First of all technological developments relating to the
conversion, crop production, etc. promise the application of biomass at lower cost and with higher
conversion efficiency than it was possible previously. For example when low cost biomass residues are
used for fuels, the cost of electricity is often competitive with fossil fuel-based power generation[6]
. The
potential threat posed by climate change, due to high emission levels of greenhouse gases, the most
important being CO2, has become a major stimulus for renewable energy sources in general. When
produced by sustainable means, biomass emits roughly the same amount of carbon during conversion as
is taken up during plant growth. The use of biomass therefore does not contribute to a build up of CO 2 in
the atmosphere, and can be treated as CO2 neutral[7]
. It is possible to generate energy from biomass
agricultural residue without affecting existing production of crop. Recent report released by UKERC
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suggests that up to one fifth of global energy could be provided by biomass from plants without damaging
food production[8]
.
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors are thankful to Oglesby Charitable Trust (http://www.oglesbycharitabletrust.co.uk/) for its
generous grant to support the programme.
7. REFERENCES
[1] British Petroleum. BP statistics review of world energy, June; 2009, www.bp.com/
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[2] Planning Commission. Integrated energy policyreport of the expert committee, August;
2006, planningcommission.gov.in/reports/genrep/rep_intengy.pdf.
[3] Basic statistics on Indian Petroleum & Natural Gas. Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas,
Economic Division; 200809, http://petroleum.nic.in/total.pdf.
[4] Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report, abdelkader Allali, http://www.ipcc.ch/meetings /ar4
-workshops-express-meetings/uncertainty-guidance-note.pdf.
[5] Alam A., Agricultural waste and solar technology for energy need in farms Report on
technical consultation sponsored by food and agriculture; Organization of the united
nations, ICRA, New Delhi, 1982.
[6] McKendry P. Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass. Bioresour
Technol 2002; 83:3746.
[7] Science article on GHG accounting misses the mark on biofuels, Biomass - power and
thermal magazine, Posted October 22, 2009, at 3:30 p.m. CST.
[8] Raphael Slade, Robert Saunders, Robert Gross, Ausilio Bauen, Energy from biomass: the
size of the global resource (2011), Imperial College Centre for Energy Policy and
Technology and UK Energy Research Centre, London.
[9] Prabhat K. Gupta, Shivraj Sahai, et al. Residue burning in wheatwheat cropping system:
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[10] Decentralized off-grid electricity generation in India using the Intermediate Pyrolysis coupled
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[11] Thakur, T. C., Crop residue as animal feed. Addressing Resource Conservation Issues in
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WheatWheat Systems of South Asia, A Resource Book. Wheat Wheat Consortium for
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[12] Chabra S. S., Food Front, Advance, October 2011, Vol. 59, No. 6., published by department
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[13] Sarkar, A., Yadav, R. L., Gangwar, B. and Bhatia, P. C., Crop residues in India. Tech. Bull.,
Project Directorate for Cropping System Research, Modipuram, 1999.
[14] Gupta, R. K., Naresh, R. K., Hobbs, P. R., Jiaguo, Z. and Ladha, J. K., Sustainability of
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[15] Jenkins, B. M. and Bhatnagar, A. P., On electric power potential from paddy straw in Punjab
and the optimal size of the power station. Bioresource Tech., 37, 2003, pp. 3541.
[16] Samara, J. S., Singh, B. and Kumar, K., Managing crop residue in the wheatwheat system
of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Improving the Productivity and Sustainability of WheatWheatSystems: Issues and Impacts, Special Publication 65, Wisconsin, USA, 2003.
[17] Singh Y. Waste biomass to energy, environment and waste management; 1 October; 2008,
www.wealthywaste.com/waste-biomass-to-energy.
[18] http://www.westernmachinery.com/media/pdf/rd%20series/100rd.pdf
http://www.wealthywaste.com/waste-biomass-to-energyhttp://www.wealthywaste.com/waste-biomass-to-energy