Domestic

Post-Watergate1970s Essential Question: To what extent were the 1970s a logical backlash against the policies of the 1960s?

1Gerald FordBecomes President after the resignation of Richard Nixon, August, 1974

2Ford Presidency

In the speech, what part of the Constitution is referred to by Ford? Why does he the Constitution in the speech?What type of Pardon is givenpartial or full?

3Should President Ford Have Pardoned Nixon?

President Fords pardon of Nixon stirred great controversy. Ford argued that the best way to end the years of bitter controversy and divisive national debate around Watergate was to pardon Nixon. He said that many more years would pass before Nixon could obtain a fair trial, and Nixon would be cruelly and excessively penalized either in preserving the presumption of his innocence or in obtaining a speedy determination of his guilt . . . . Ford said that during the delay, ugly passions would again be aroused. And our people would again be polarized in their opinions. And the credibility of our free institutions of government would again be challenged at home and abroad.4Critics claimed the pardon violated the principle that all people stand equal before the law. They argued that Nixon, like other people, should have his day in court. The pardon, they pointed out, cast aside months of investigations. The chairman of the Senate Watergate committee was disappointed that Nixon had not made a confession prior to the pardon: The pardon power vested in the president exceeds that of the Almighty, who apparently cannot pardon a sinner unless the sinner first repents.Divide into small groups. Each group should do the following:1. Think of reasons why President Ford should have pardoned Nixon.2. Think of reasons why he should not have pardoned Nixon.3. Discuss and decide this question: Should Ford have pardoned Nixon?4. Prepare to report your decision and the reasons for it the rest of the class.

5More Ford..Draft Evaders were given clemency if theyTake oath of allegianceServe 2 years of public serviceCIA director appointed George Bush. Who later became President

6Jimmy CarterGovernor of GeorgiaFormer Peanut Farmer from Georgia

7Carter Faces Domestic ChallengesWashington OutsiderCarter unwilling to compromise alienated congressional representatives of both parties,Energy Crisis1973 Arab countries cut off oil shipments (EMBARGO) to Western Nations over their support of Israel in Middle East ConflictsOil Prices rocketedCarter suggests less driving, and less use of heat

8Problems in NationCarter unwillingness to compromise alienated congressional representatives of both parties,Energy Crisis1973 Arab countries cut off oil shipments (EMBARGO) to Western Nations over their support of Israel in Middle East ConflictsOil Prices rocketedCarter suggests less driving, and less use of heat 9A Crisis of ConfidenceMalaise Speech

CBS News archives: Carter's famous "malaise speech"10Carters Foreign Policy1970s11Human RightsBasic ideas outlined in the United Nations Declaration of Human RightsCarter expected friends and enemies alike to uphold the highest standards in the treatment of their citizens.Soviet RelationsCarter wrote to Brezhnev about his concerns with Soviet human rights issues.Brezhnev politely said that each country should mind their own business.Concluded SALT II talks in 1979 that limited nuclear weaponsCarters Foreign Policy

Recognizing China Formally recognized the government of the Communist Peoples Republic of ChinaEnded recognition of the Republic of China on Taiwan12Carters Foreign PolicyCame to office with little foreign-policy experience.Promised that the concept of human rights would be at the forefront of his foreign policy.Worked to strengthen ties between the United States and the Soviet Union and China.Gave control of the Panama Canal back to Panama.Helped Egypt and Israel deal with some of the divisions that caused conflicts between their countries.13Carters Foreign PolicyPanama Canal

American control of the Panama Canal had been a source of conflict between the two countries.In 1977 Carter and Panamas leader agreed that Panama would take control of the canal by the end of 1999.The Senate narrowly approved the treaties.For some Americans, loss of control of the canal represented a decline in American power.

14Carters Foreign PolicyConflict between Egypt and Israel continued. Egypt would not recognize Israel and Israel continued to occupy Egyptian territory.Carter guided Anwar el-Sadat and Meacham Begin to a historic peace agreement between Egypt and Israel; causes a setback to USSR relations.

Carter's Greatest Legacy: The Camp David Negotiations

http://video.pbs.org/video/216000750915 International crisesIn 1979 the Soviet Union invaded AfghanistanCarter blocked shipment of grain to the Soviet Union and said the United States would boycott the 1980 Olympics

16Iranian Hostage Crisis17Hostage Crisis in Iran 1979IranRevolution in Iran overthrew the Shah and replaced him with the Ayatollah Khomeini.The American government allowed the shah to enter the United States for medical treatmentthis action enraged many Iranians.A mob attacked the U.S. embassy in Tehran and took Americans hostage.Carters attempts to negotiate the release of the hostages went nowhere.A military attempt to rescue the hostages failed.

18Hostage Crisis in Iran 1979November 4, 1979, Iranian student militants stormed the US Embassy "a den of spies" in Tehran & took approximately 70 Americans captive.Terrorists demanded the extradition of the deposed Shah of Iran from the US, where he was receiving cancer treatment. Lasted 444 days.Hostages were released the day Ronald Reagan took officeAMERICAN EXPERIENCE LINK

19Ted Koppel ABC NewsEvery evening after the late night news a hostage update would be given.

20Hostage Crisis in Iran 1979The Iranian Hostage situation dragged on throughout the presidential election year of 1980.

The situation in Iran also drove up gasoline prices so that prices of goods in the United States went up and inflation soared.

Many voters held Carter responsible for the problems and the downcast mood of the country.

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22Carters Foreign PolicyComplete Chart SuccessesFailures 23

Law and Order24Court Cases1970s25Regents U. C. vs. Bakke 19785-4Landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States on affirmative action. It bars quota systems in college admissions but affirms the constitutionality of affirmative action programsTwo separate admission methods to medical school.

26Roe vs. Wade27Video Jimmy Carter (PBS)Video Clip Carter & the Energy Crisis (PBS)Video Clip Carter & Inflation (PBS)Video Clip Carter & the Camp David Accords (PBS)Video Clip Carter & the Hostage Crisis (PBS)2829