Post-Telegraphic 2

Telegraphic 2

Two Word 1 Two Word 2

Holophrastic 1 Holophrastic 2

Pre-Verbal 1 Pre-Verbal 2

Post-Telegraphic 1

Telegraphic 1

500,000

300,000

175,000

100,000

50,000

25,000

10,000

5,000

2,000

1,000

Pre-Verbal How long does the pre-verbal stage

last?

12 months

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Pre-verbal What are the 4 stages of pre-verbal

development?

Vegetative, cooing, babbling, proto-word.

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Holophrastic Stage What is the holophrastic stage?

When single words relate consistently to identifiable referents.

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Holophrastic Stage Give 2 examples of holophrastic

stage words.

Daddy, Juice.

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Two Word Stage Name a two word utterance

construction.

Person – action Object – described Action – object Object – located Object – posessor

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Two Word Stage Give an example of a two word stage

utterance.

Mummy car Dolly there Baby bed Baby cry

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Telegraphic Stage What do children omit from their

utterances at this stage?

Prepositions, auxiliary verbs, determiners.

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Telegraphic Stage What is underextension?

When a child can only name an object when they see it in person, but not in a picture.

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Post Telegraphic Stage What is mean length utterance

calculated in?

Morphemes

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Post Telegraphic Stage What are the two types of

morpheme?

Bound and Free

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Congratulations!

Key Words Inflectional Morphology: The modification of

a word to fit its grammatical role. For example, 'sang' and 'walked' are inflected in the past tense.

Derivational Morphology: The creation of new words. For example, the nouns 'solemnity' and 'toughness' are derived from the adjectives solemn and tough

Virtuous Error: A mistake that is logical and sheds light on a child’s language development.

What is Morphology? The study of word structure,

especially in terms of morphemes.

Morphology is an aspect of grammar that becomes increasingly important as a child’s language develops.

Making words do different things – Inflective MorphologyHow many morphemes? What do the bound morphemes do?

I walked He has two dogs I am eating I am the tallest person in my class He used the steamer to cook lunch The doctor’s surgery

Making words do different things – Inflective Morphology

I walk + ed – Shows the past tense He has two dog + s – Plural I am eat + ing – Progressive aspect I am the tall + est person in my class –

Comparative He used the steam + er to cook lunch – object

performing verb The doctor + s surgery - Possession

Derivational MorphologyProcess Explanation ExampleConversion Using a word as a

different word class.

‘I jammed the bread’

Affixation Applying endings to words to create new ones.

‘It’s crowdy in here’ ‘This bread is very jammy’‘He’s shooting his shooter’

Compounding Joining existing words together into new combinations.

‘Horsey-man’‘Tractor-man’

Derivational MorphologyConversion? Affixation? Compounding?

Expression Context LabelIt’s very nighty Driving home in the

dark.Plant man Talking about a

gardenerI sharped them Talking about two

pencilsThere’s a cycler Talking about

someone riding a bike.

Extension: think of your own examples of Conversion, Affixation and Compounding.

Virtuous Errors and New Words They are not mistakes because they have

an underlying logic to them.

They can tell us a great deal about when a child is picking up and understanding from the language around them and how they are trying to apply rules to their own language.

What is ‘wrong’ with these utterances? I runned There was three mans I eating That baddy got a shooter They shotted their arrows at the

baddies Daddy go work

A Quick Recap...What do these key terms mean?

Morphology:Inflectional Morphology:Virtuous Error:

Overgeneralisation Children start to apply rules that they have

observed in other people’s language. If a child has heard –ed used when talking about events that occurred in the past, they might start applying this rule to all verbs.

This is ok for verbs such as walked, pushed or opened, but many verbs have irregular past tense forms.

Name 3 verbs that don’t have regular past tense forms.

Jean Berko and the Wugs... The majority of children naturally

formed the –s plural of the fictional creature The Wug.

This also worked with other fictional creatures – heaf, cra, tor, lun – with broadly similar results.

Analysing DataFor each statement decide:

Are there any ‘virtuous errors’? What do they tell us about how the child has acquired

language?

Extension: What are the differences between what the child has said and what an adult would have said?

And Finally... Explain these terms in your own words.

Inflectional Morphology: Derivational Morphology: Virtuous Error: Overgeneralisation: