possible key-factors for successful application of ... · services filtration, recreation, …...
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picture: Catskill - YeahThatsKosher.com
Possible keyPossible key--factors for successful factors for successful application of ecosystem services application of ecosystem services in watershed managementin watershed management
lessons learned from New York applied in the Dutch / lessons learned from New York applied in the Dutch / German river German river VechtVecht
Jos M Jos M BrilsBrils, Deltares (right) , Deltares (right) jos.brilsjos.brils@@deltares.nldeltares.nl
Albert F Albert F AppletonAppleton ((leftleft) ) appletons5@[email protected]
Albert F. Appleton &
Ecosystem services & watersheds
- interventions (risk)resulting in unsustainable use of ES
+ interventions (mitigation)towards sustainable use of ES
goodsfuel, fibers, food, …
servicesfiltration, recreation, …
social systemindividuals, groups
institutions
ecosystemstructure and
functions
Sources: www.resalliance.org and www.riskbase.info
Albert F. Appleton &
Ecosystem services & watersheds
- interventions (risk)resulting in unsustainable use of ES
+ interventions (mitigation)towards sustainable use of ES
goodsfuel, fibers, food, …
servicesfiltration, recreation, …
social systemindividuals, groups
institutions
ecosystemstructure and
functions
Sources: www.resalliance.org and www.riskbase.info
ecosystem ecosystem services (ES)services (ES)
watershedwatershed
humanhumanwell beingwell being
sustainabilitysustainability
soilsoil
surfacesurfacewaterwater
groundgroundwaterwater
Albert F. Appleton &Source map: www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/drinking_water/wsmaps_wide.shtml
The New York-Catskill-Delaware system
Serves:
• nine million people:
- 8 million in NYC
- 1 million in northern suburbs
• 4.500.000 m3 of water each day
Delivered to:
• 600.000 residential buildings
• 200.000 commercial buildings
Albert F. Appleton &
Key-factor 1: An important stakeholder had a clear and urgent need for action
it was sustainable
ladyanne47 (photos.igougo.com)
drinkingwaterz.com
““champagne of drinking waterschampagne of drinking waters””
threatened to get unsustainable (90’s)
farmingsweetbay.wordpress.com
major major increase of increase of nonnon--point point source source pollutionpollution
www.waterfiltercritic.com
$$$$$$for NYC
Albert F. Appleton &
Key-factor 2: Entrepreneurial approach:
Cartoon sources: Brils & Harris, 2009 – © www.illustraties.nu
• ‘top-down’ (NYC, authorities ..) and ‘bottom-up’ (local farmers) got connected
• ‘two sides’ spent time in mutual education:
• understand each others stake and learned to see mutual self interest
• learned to get used to idea of doing business together
(a) the stakeholders left comfort zones & (b) ‘learned together to manage together’
joint design of a mutually beneficial upstate-downstate partnership
(a) (b)
Albert F. Appleton &
Key-factor 2: Entrepreneurial approach: (c) regarded environment as profit centre
Vision/believe that doing right environmentally does not impose net
costs on economic development
The opposite – according to Al – :
• leads to strategies of regulatory compliance that are fragmented
• seek the minimum amount of acceptable regulatory compliance
• lack an overall basin wide ecological and social context
“A good environment will produce good water”:
• avoiding exorbitant costs for water filtration (see next slide)
• (part of) savings can be invested in preserving of the rural environment
Albert F. Appleton &
Key-factor 2: Entrepreneurial approach: (d) went beyond ‘Cmnd & Ctrl’ solution
www.waterfiltercritic.com
‘Cmnd & Ctrl’:
• End of pipe
• $4 to $6 billion to build necessary filtration capacity
• $250 million annual operating costs
• Harsh impact on NYC neighborhoods where plants
have to be build
media.insidegamer.nl
South Bronx – Mel Rosenthal
Albert F. Appleton &
farmingsweetbay.wordpress.com
ladyanne47 (photos.igougo.com)
Whole Farm Planning (WFP):
• Farmers stewards of environmental resources
• Environmental measures designed to also benefit
farmer economically (Whole Farm)
• Incentive based: NYC pays WFD operating costs:
• Self-selected Watershed Agricultural Council
(WAC, see: www.nycwatershed.org)
• Provides individual farm support service
• Independent academics for monitoring & RTD
• Avoid onerous regulatory oversight
• Voluntary as to any individual farmer, but critical
mass commitment boundary condition (next slide)
1/8 of filtration costs
Key-factor 2: Entrepreneurial approach: (d) went beyond ‘Cmnd & Ctrl’ solution
Albert F. Appleton &
Key-factor 3: The stakeholders defined and up till to date hold fast to clear targets
Picture: Catskill farm by Robert Breese
clean raw surface water = water that needs no filtration => 85% farmers join WFP within 5 years(within 5 years 93% joined WFP!)
sustainable farming = profitable farming(WFP demonstrated to be sustainable)
water supply manager
www.inspiredwater.org
Albert F. Appleton &
Key-factor 4: Facilitative leader
Role in New York-Catskill-Delaware ES case:
• designed & directed initial implementation of the watershed protection program
Character in this case:
• out of the box thinker
• persuader / motivator
• entrepreneur: exploited unrecognized opportunity
• boundary spanner / communicator / mediator
Albert F Appleton
Former (1990-1993):
• DEP Commissioner
• director of the NYC Water and Sewer System
www.illustraties.nu
Albert F. Appleton &
Lesson 1 applied to the Vecht:
A clear and urgent need by an important stakeholder for action?
Albert F. Appleton &
ES approach in Vecht (so far)
Source: Ecosystem Services: A Guide for Decision Makers (WRI)
Albert F. Appleton &
ES approach in Vecht (so far)
Source: Ecosystem Services: A Guide for Decision Makers (WRI)
first phase:ES identification
if ‘need’: next phase:1. ES quantification2. ES valuation
Albert F. Appleton &
Local water management
Business / industry
Agriculture
Tourism / leisure
Nature protection
Inhabitants
ES identification through interviews
CoevordenCoevorden
EmlicheimEmlicheim
HardenbergHardenberg
Albert F. Appleton &
ES Opportunity
Fish (Small) market for regional food products; new product local fish > income, tourism
Recreation Electric boats > recreation, get in touch with Vecht + preserve peace for nature
Agr. production Incentive for extensive land use in the floodplain > less damage from flooding
Maize can be used for biofuel without stench > income
Water regulation Farmers might want to sell land in the Vecht area > retention area
Reconnection of old meanders > retention capacity + landscape value
Restoration sandy river banks > landscape value +biodiversity
Disconnect rain water drainage from the sewage system > save sewage costs
Energy Improved effectiveness hydropower production > energy production, low CO2-emissions
Use subsurface for ATES > save energy for heating and cooling of buildings
Education Demonstrate functions and characteristics of the vecht system in the field
Most prominent ES in play in the Vecht
most promising ‘driver’ for action at the moment(stakeholder workshop 12 September 2011)
Albert F. Appleton &
Clear and urgent need by an important stakeholder for action?
Important stakeholder? yes
A clear and urgent need for action? recreation?
Waterschap Velt en Vecht
Albert F. Appleton &
Resume
Successful application of ecosystem services in watershed management possibly takes:
• A clear and urgent need by an important stakeholder for action
• An entrepreneurial approach:
• leave comfort zones, take an adventurous road
• learn together to manage together
• regard the environment not as cost, but as profit center
• consider other then only ‘Cmnd & Crtl’ solutions
• The definition of, and sticking to clear targets
• Facilitative leadership
picture: Catskill - YeahThatsKosher.com
Thank you Thank you for your attentionfor your attention
Acknowledgement for Vecht study:
Heide Jekel Niels Vlaanderen Ilke Borowski Suzanne van der Meulen& Waterdienst & Linda Neubauer