possible heavy-ion experiments at gsi/fair and at j-parc...m inv 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4) 2 entries / 4...
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Possible heavy-ion experimentsat GSI/FAIR and at J-PARC
Outline:The future FAIR in DarmstadtHeavy-ion collisions at FAIR / J-PARC: the physics caseThe Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR Feasibility studies and Detector R&D
Peter Senger (GSI)
Nuclear Physics at J-PARC, Tokai, Japan, June 1 – 2, 2007
SIS100/SIS300
CBM
HESR
PANDASuper- FRS
NUSTAR
NESR
CR
GSIAcceleratorFacilities
SIS18
PP
AP
storage and cooler rings
• beams of rare isotopes• e – A Collider• 1011 stored and cooled antiprotons
0.8 - 14.5 GeV
primary beams
• 238U28+: 3∙1011/s at 1.5-2 AGeV• protons: 4x1013/cycle at 30 GeV,
90 GeV max. energy• 238U92+: 2∙109/s at 35 GeV/u
( 45 AGeV for Z=A/2)
secondary beams
• rare isotopes 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; factor 10 000 increased intensity
• antiprotons 3(0) - 30 GeV
The international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
accelerator technical challenges
•Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets•high energy electron cooling•dynamical vacuum, beam losses
Accelerator physicshigh intensive heavy ion beamsdynamical vacuumrapidly cycling superconducting magnetshigh energy electron cooling
Research programs at FAIR
Rare isotope beams: nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysicsnuclear structure far off stabilitynucleosynthesis in stars and supernovaeinstable hypernuclei (Take Saito)
Beams of antiprotons: hadron physicsquark-confinement potentialsearch for gluonic matter and hybridsdouble hypernuclei
Nucleus-nucleus collisions: compressed baryonic matter baryonic matter at highest densities (neutron stars) phase transitions and critical endpointin-medium properties of hadrons
Short-pulse heavy ion beams: plasma physicsmatter at high pressure, densities, and temperaturefundamentals of nuclear fusion
Atomic physics, FLAIR, and applied researchhighly charged atomslow energy antiprotonsradiobiology
Compressing and heating nuclear matter in heavy-ion collisions
baryons hadrons partons
Compression + heating = quark-gluon matter(pion production)
Core collapse supernovae, Neutron stars
Early universe
Super-dense matter in nature: neutron star
F. Weber J.Phys. G27 (2001) 465
Strange degrees of freedom ?In-medium properties of hadrons ?Compressibility of nuclear matter?
Deconfinement at high baryon densities ?
The phase diagram of strongly interacting matter
RHIC, LHC: cross over transition, QGP at high T and low ρ
coexistence phase
hadronsQGP
critical point
Low-energy RHIC: search for QCD-CP with bulk observables
Origin of hadron mass?
FAIR: comprehensive research program incl. rare probes
Critical endpoint:Z. Fodor, S. Katz, hep-lat/0402006S. Ejiri et al., hep-lat/0312006crossover at small μB
ε=0.5 GeV/fm3
first order phase transition
baryon density:
ρB ≈ 4 ( mT/2π)3/2 x[exp((μB-m)/T) - exp((-μB-m)/T)]
baryons - antibaryons
FAIR
SIS18
SPS
RHICLHC
Mapping the QCD phase diagram with heavy-ion collisions
lattice QCD
? Recent L QCD calculations:TC = 150 - 190 MeV(reflecting crossover ?)
J-PARC
Baryon and energy density in central cell (Au+Au, b=0 fm):Transport code HSD: mean field, hadrons + resonances + strings
E. Bratkovskaya, W. Cassing
Baryon and energy densities created in heavy-ion collisions at FAIR/J-PARC energies
FAIR: Au at 35 AGeVJ-PARC: Au at 19 AGeV
Energy density
Signatures of QGP in relativistic heavy-ion collisionstransversemomentum
volume
charm, strangeness
antibaryons
elliptic flow
e-by-e fluctuations
high pt hadrons
heavy quarkonia
mass and width of ρ,ω,φ
thermal photonsand dileptons
taken from the book: Quark-Gluon-Plasma:from big bang to little bangbyKohsuke Yagi, Tetsuo Hatsuda, Yasuo Miake (2006)
adapted from an original byShoji Nagamiya
εCεC
seach for discontinuitiesin excitation functionsof various observables !
C. Blume et al. (NA49 at CERN-SPS), nucl-ex/0409008
Discontinuity in strangeness production: signature for phase transition ?
Decrease of baryon-chemicalpotential: transition frombaryon-dominatedto meson-dominatedmatter
?
Low energy run at RHIC: remeasurement of K/π (incl. e-by-e)CBM: Excitation function of multistrange particle productionand propagation (collective flow)
Diagnostic probes
U+U 23 AGeV
Compressed Baryonic Matter:physics topics and observables
Onset of chiral symmetry restoration at high ρBin-medium modifications of hadrons (ρ,ω,φ →e+e-(μ+μ-), D)
Deconfinement phase transition at high ρBexcitation function and flow of strangeness (K, Λ, Σ, Ξ, Ω)excitation function and flow of charm (J/ψ, ψ', D0, D±, Λc)sequential melting of J/ψ and ψ', charmonium suppression
The equation-of-state at high ρBcollective flow of hadronsparticle production at threshold energies (open charm)
QCD critical endpointexcitation function of event-by-event fluctuations (K/π,...)
CBM Physics Book in preparation
SIS18 SIS100/300
Meson production in central Au+Au collisionsW. Cassing, E. Bratkovskaya, A. Sibirtsev, Nucl. Phys. A 691 (2001) 745
(C. Fuchs)
Probing the quark-pluon plasma with charmonium
Dissociation (melting) of J/ψ in the QGP ?Sequential melting of J/ψ and ψ' ?
1 fmC C
measure excitation function of charmonium production !
Quarkonium dissociation temperatures – Digal, Karsch, Satz
Dimuon pairs measured by NA60 (CERN)
5-week-long run in Oct.–Nov. 2003~ 4 × 1012 ions delivered in total
In+In 158 AGeV
no ρ,ω,φ → e+e- (μ+μ-) data between 2 and 40 AGeVno J/ψ → e+e- (μ+μ-) data below 160 AGeV
Experimental challenges
up to 107 Au+Au reactions/sec (beam intensities up to 109 ions/s with 1 % interaction target)
determination of (displaced) vertices with high resolution (≈ 50 μm)
identification of leptons and hadrons
Central Au+Au collision at 25 AGeV:URQMD + GEANT4
160 p 400 π-
400 π+
44 K+
13 K-
Hyperon detection with STS (no p, K, π identification)
Λ Ξ- Ω-
total efficiency 10.6% 2.1% 1.0%
(uds) (dss) (sss)
central Au+Au collisions at 25 AGeV:
Silicon tracker: 2 hybrid pixel (750 µm each), 4 microstrips (400 µm each)Strips with 50 µm pitch and 5o stereo anglefull event reconstruction
τ = 317 μm/c)2 (GeV/cinvm
1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
)2E
ntri
es /
4 (M
eV/c
0
10000
20000
30000 = 4.4σ2S/B
Eff = 3.25%
Track reconstruction: • realistic magnetic field, • 2 MAPS, 6 micro-strip detectors• proton identification required
Benchmark for MVD and STS performance: D mesons from Au+Au collisions at 25 AGeV
D production cross sections from HSD25 AGeV Au+Au from UrQMDcentral collisions
τ = 123 μm/c
D0K-
π+
D meson production in pp and pN collisions
D0
Experiments on charm productionin pp and pA at J-PARC !?
Electron identification with RICH and TRD
Che
renk
ovrin
g ra
dius
(cm
)RICH
TRD
2 ( GeV/cinvm2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4
pai
rs /
-210
-110
1
10
210
310
Simulation of ρ, ω, φ, J/ψ → e+e-
• track reconstruction in STS and TRD• electron identification with RICH and TRD
central Au+Au collisions at 25AGeV (target 25 μm)
J/ψ
ψ'φ
ω
ρ
η-Dalitz
π-Dalitz
The CBM muon option
Muon detection system:5 hadron absorber layers (Fe) and 15 tracking chambers
Simulation of ρ, ω, φ, J/ψ, ψ' → μ+ μ-
• central collisions Au+Au 25 AGeV• full track reconstruction• realistic layout of Silicon Trackerand Muon Chambers
μ-
μ+
μ-
μ+
ω
φρ
ηη-Dalitz
J/ψψ'
Experimental requirements and ongoing R&DTransition Radiation Detector:• e/π discrimination of > 100 (p > 1 GeV/c)• High rate capability up to 100 kHz/cm2
• Position resolution of about 200 μm• Large area (≈ 450 - 650 m2, 9 – 12 layers)
Resistive Plate Chamber (ToF-RPC): • Time resolution ≤ 80 ps• High rate capability up to 25 kHz/cm2
• Efficiency > 95 %• Area 100 m2
Electromagnetic Calorimeter:• energy resolution of 5%/√E(GeV) • high rate capability up to 15 kHz• e/π discrimination of 50-200• Area 100 m2
FEE and DAQ:self triggered digitization, dead time free(prototype chip CBM-NXYTER under test)
Silicon Pixel (Vertex) Detector: • low materal budget: d < 100 μm • single hit resolution < 20 μm• radiation tolerance (dose 1013 neq/cm2)• fast read out
Silicon Micro-strip tracker:• 6-8 detector layers• pitch 60 μm, thickness 250 μm• double sided, stereo angle 5o-15o
• Area 2-3 m2
Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detector: • e/π discrimination > 100• hadron blind up to about 6 GeV/c• low mass mirrors • fast UV detector
Muon detection system:• fast gas chambers • high granularity
(GEM, Micromegas)
Observables:Penetrating probes: ρ, ω, ϕ, J/ψ → e+e- (μ+μ-)Strangeness: K, Λ, Σ, Ξ, Ω, Open charm: Do, D±, Ds, Λc, global features: collective flow, fluctuations, ..., exotica
The CBM experimental program
Systematic investigations:A+A collisions from 8 to 45 (35) AGeV, Z/A=0.5 (0.4) p+A collisions from 8 to 90 GeVp+p collisions from 8 to 90 GeVBeam energies up to 8 AGeV: HADES
Large integrated luminosity:High beam intensity and duty cycle,Available for several month per year
Detector requirementsLarge geometrical acceptance (azimuthal symmetry !)good hadron and electron identificationexcellent vertex resolutionhigh rate capability of detectors, FEE and DAQ
CBM Collaboration : 46 institutions, ~ 400 MembersCroatia:RBI, ZagrebChina:Wuhan Univ.Hefei Univ.Cyprus:Nikosia Univ. Czech Republic:CAS, RezTechn. Univ. PragueFrance:IReS StrasbourgHungaria:KFKI BudapestEötvös Univ. BudapestIndia:IOP BhubaneswarUniv. ChandigharIIT KharagpurVECC KolkataSAHA KolkataUniv. Varanasi
Romania: NIPNE BucharestRussia:IHEP ProtvinoINR TroitzkITEP MoscowKRI, St. PetersburgKurchatov Inst., MoscowLHE, JINR DubnaLPP, JINR DubnaLIT, JINR DubnaMEPHI MoscowObninsk State Univ.PNPI GatchinaSINP, Moscow State Univ. St. Petersburg Polytec. U.Ukraine:Shevshenko Univ. , Kiev
Korea:Korea Univ. SeoulPusan National Univ.Norway:Univ. BergenGermany: Univ. Heidelberg, Phys. Inst.Univ. HD, Kirchhoff Inst. Univ. FrankfurtUniv. KaiserslauternUniv. Mannheim Univ. MünsterFZ RossendorfGSI DarmstadtPoland:Jag. Univ. KrakowWarsaw Univ.Silesia Univ. KatowiceNucl. Phys. Inst. KrakowPortugal:LIP Coimbra Supported by EU FP6
Japan ?!
Cost of the FAIR project: ~ 1.1 Billion € (25% from foreign partners).
14 FAIR member states (as of May 2007):Austria, China, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece,India, Italy, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden
German Federal Government has approved budget over 10 yearsOfficial start of the FAIR project: Dec. 2007First beams planned for 2013 - 2015