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Ports in IndiaIndia has a long coastline, spanning 7516.6 kilometres, forming one of the bigges tpeninsulas in the world.It is serviced by 13 major ports (12 government and 1 corporate) and 187 notified minor and intermediateports .[1] The latest addition to major ports is Port Blair on June 2010, the 13th port in the country . [2]

Major ports handled over 74% of all cargo traffic in 2007. However, the words "major", "intermediate" and"minor", do not have a strict association with the traffic volumes served by these ports. As anexample, Mundra Port , a newly developed minor port in the state o f Gujarat registered a cargo traffic of around 28.8 million tonnes per annum during the financial year of 2008, which is higher than that of manymajor ports. [citation needed ]

Major ports

There are also 7 shipyards under the control of the central government of India , 2 shipyards controlled bystate governments, and 19 privately owned shipyards. The major ports handled423.4 million tons of cargo for the financial year 2005-2006, with Vishakhapatnam , Kochi ,KolkataPort , Chennai Port and Kandla carrying the greatest tonnage. Major ports can collectively handle 400+million tons of cargo annually, and port operations have improved since the mid-1990s. All major ports,except one (Ennore Port ), are government administered, but private-sector participation in ports hasincreased.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ports_in_India#cite_note-ffgasjk-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ports_in_India#cite_note-ffgasjk-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ports_in_India#cite_note-ffgasjk-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Blairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Blairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Blairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ports_in_India#cite_note-sadfsfdjk-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ports_in_India#cite_note-sadfsfdjk-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ports_in_India#cite_note-sadfsfdjk-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundra_Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundra_Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundra_Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_yearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_yearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_yearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipyardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipyardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipyardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishakhapatnamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishakhapatnamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishakhapatnamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Cochinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Cochinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata_Port_Trusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata_Port_Trusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata_Port_Trusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata_Port_Trusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandlahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandlahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandlahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennore_Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennore_Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennore_Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennore_Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandlahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata_Port_Trusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata_Port_Trusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Cochinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishakhapatnamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipyardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_yearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundra_Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ports_in_India#cite_note-sadfsfdjk-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Blairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ports_in_India#cite_note-ffgasjk-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsula

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Minor PortsMinor ports come under the purview of Concurrence list and their administration is the responsibility of coastal states.

Some of the prominent minor ports are

Bhavnagar, Calicut, Karwar, Nagapattinam, Trivandrum, Veraval

Minor Ports:187

States/Union Territories No of Minor Ports

Gujarat 40

Maharashtra 53

Goa 5

Karnataka 10

Kerala 13

Diu & Daman 2

Lakshadweep Islands 10

Pondicherry 1

Tamil Nadu 15

Andhra Pradesh 12

Orissa 2

West Bengal 1

Andaman & Nicobar Islands 23

http://www.marinebuzz.com/marinebuzzuploads/MinorPortsinIndia_B5C7/Minor_Ports_India.jpg

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REVIEW PROCESS (New 5/98)

PWB requires satisfaction of environmental concerns in accordance with the California EnvironmentalQuality Act (CEQA) before it will approve preliminary plans for a project and generally prior to approval of site selection as well. Legal statutes and related regulations covering CEQA can be found in PublicResource Code Section 21000 et seq. and its accompanying regulations, California Code of Regulations(CCR) 15000 et seq. Many actions brought before PWB for consideration and approval are "projects"within the definition of CEQA. These statutes and regulations set out the environmental reviewrequirements for such projects.

Key definitions : For assistance on understanding the documents and notices required by CEQA, seethe Guidelines for California Environmental Quality Act , Section 15000 15387, CCR, Title 14, Chapter 3.The guidelines provide an explanation of the environmental process and the definition of many commonterms. The following summarizes a few frequently used terms and describes what CEQA documentsinclude:

1. Project per CEQA : The term project per CEQA is defined in CCR Section 15378(a) (3) as anactivity involving a lease, permit, or license issued to a person or entity.

2. Environmental impact report : An environmental impact report (EIR) is one of the three basictypes of environmental documents that may be prepared by a lead agency to disclose thepotential environmental consequences of an action. An EIR consists of draft and finaldocuments. There are several types of EIR (focused, supplemental, program, etc.). An EIR "isan informational document which will inform public agency decision-makers and the publicgenerally of the significant environmental effect of a project, identify possible ways to minimizesignificant effects, and describe reasonable alternatives to the project" (Section 15121, Title 13,Chapter 3 of the CCR). An EIR is required when a project will have one or more significantenvironmental effects that cannot be either avoided or reduced to a level of insignificance throughthe use of mitigation measures or changes to the project.

3. Negative declaration/initial study : A second type of environmental document is a negativedeclaration . A negative declaration may be used if the project is not expected to have one or

more significant effects on the environment. A negative declaration typically is supported by aninitial study or initial study checklist.

4. Categorical exemption : A categorical exemption is an exemption from CEQA based on one or more classes of actions/projects established in regulation. Each class of projects has beendetermined to not have a significant effect on the environment.

Conservation of PORTS

The Antwerp port area is not only one of the most important sources of growth for the Flemish

economy, it is also one of the most valuable treasure stores of wildlife in Belgium protected by EUlegislation. Because of this valuable wildlife large parts of the port area are designated as SpecialProtection Areas under the terms of the EUs Birds directive and Habitats directive (Natura 2000). Until the end of the previous century this overlap between a major port and a natural area of European importance was perceived as a conflict between industry and nature, and the Europeannature conservation policy was seen as a threat to the further development of port and industry. This way of looking at things now belongs to the past.