PORTFOLIO Advanced Written Communication in English for International Students

(FLE 402-002)

DECEMBER 5, 2016 TUHIN ROY

(Student ID # 200157097)

Table of Contents Reflective Analysis .................................................................................................................................. 1

Error Log

Project 1: Research Paper ................................................................................................................... 2

Project 2: Conference Abstract ........................................................................................................... 8

Project 3: Critique ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….9

Appendix 1: Introduction Introduction Draft 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………11

Introduction Draft 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………13

Introduction Draft 3 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………15

Appendix 2: Methods Methods Draft 1 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………17

Methods Draft 2 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………23

Methods Draft 3 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………30

Appendix 3: Results & Discussions Results Draft 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………37

Results Draft 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………48

Appendix 4: Conference Abstract Conference Abstract Draft 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………61

Conference Abstract Draft 2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………62

Appendix 5: Critique Critique Draft 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….63

Critique Draft 2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….65

Critique Draft 3 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….67

Appendix 6: Poster Poster Draft 1 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….69

Poster Draft 2 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….70

Appendix 7: Full Research Paper ………………………………………………………………………………………… 71

Reflective Analysis P a g e | 1

Reflective Analysis There are several similarities as well differences in between academic and creative writing. For

example, the consistency in writing is equally important in both cases. On the other hand, the styles,

syntax are significantly different in these writings. The objective of the FLE402-002 course was to

develop academic writing communication skill. Besides the content and organization of the technical

articles, the important parameters for effective academic writing is the use of appropriate vocabulary

and rhetoric style. Critical evaluation of others’ work is another side of this writing. This is not easy

work as it requires lots of experiences in both technical and communication skill. This course focussed

on the writing areas.

Four projects were carried out in this course which encompass several sides of the academic writing.

In the research paper project, the writing style along with the use of citation, appropriate vocabulary

was focused. In the conference proposal project, the main focus was to make the abstract interesting

to the audiences. In order to be selected for publication in any conference, the key factor is

comprehensible writing style along with the appropriate research content. The critique writing is

certainly different from the above-mentioned projects. Critically assessing others’ work is really

difficult. This needs use of rhetoric style in the writing. The last project was poster presentation, where

the presentation skills along with the attractive content were the main focus.

Prior to this course, I was confident of organizing research paper. Also, the writing pattern which is

typically followed in the technical articles was well known to me. However, I had tendency to commit

grammatical mistakes especially related to use of Punctuation and Article. In addition to this, I used

to face difficulties to maintain flow in writing. While working on the assignments in this course, I got

opportunities to overcome these problems. Apart from the writing part, there was one interesting

assignment where I got chance to showcase my work in the form of poster. This helped me to improve

my presentation as well as communication skill.

Regarding the strength of my writing, I would say that I am well confident of putting the right things

at the right places in the technical articles. The writing style has been improved significantly. Now I am

much more comfortable with rhetoric style and the appropriate syntax which are typically followed in

academic writing. However, I feel that still I need to work on the grammar. The only solution according

to me is practice to overcome this problem.

Another effective part of this course was the peer review section where we reviewed others’ work. In

most of the time, it is very difficult to point out your own mistakes, but it is easier to point out mistakes

in others’ writing. This peer review is really effective when peers from entirely different specialization

reviews our work. This eventually ensures communicative part of the writing.

Besides the satisfaction of research objectives, the final goal is to communicate the work to the

academic communities. So, if we are not successful at this stage, there will not be any contribution to

the society. So, I feel that the learning from this course will be helpful not only in other courses but

also in future as long as writing communication is involved.

Error-Log Tuhin Roy (Student ID# 200157097) P a g e | 2

FLE 402-2 Error Log

Assignment Error Error Type Correction

Research Paper

Introduction 1. Broadly these elements are divided into two

groups: (1) thin plate (Kirchoff Plate) and

(2) thick plate (Mindlin Plate).

2. Therefore, in the past, researchers made lots

of efforts on the application of the Mindlin

plate theory

3. Broadly these approaches can be divided in

the following sections:

4. This paper aims to document all these

approaches and then the comparative study

of all the above methods will be discussed

for the effective modelling of plates.

5. Furthermore, the accuracy of FE simulations of

different types of plate elements is a function of

following factors:

1. In-text

citation

2. Awkward/

unidiomatic

language

3. Preposition

4. Writing

Style

5. Article

1. Broadly these elements are divided into two

groups: (1) thin plate (Kirchoff (1850)) and

(2) thick plate (Reissner (1945)). [Here, this

can be skipped since these plates are quite

well known]

2. Therefore, in the past, researchers did

extensive studies of the application of the

Mindlin plate theory…

3. Broadly these approaches can be divided into

the following sections:

4. This paper aims to document all these

approaches and the comparative study of all

the above methods for the effective

modelling of plates will be discussed.

5. Furthermore, the accuracy of FE simulations of

different types of plate elements is a function of

the following factors:

Comparative Analysis of Plate Finite Elements

Introduction

Plate elements are one of the most common structural elements used in the finite element (FE)

modelling of the structural behaviour. However, the FE analysis of this two-dimensional element is

quite computationally challenging due to its inherent complexities involved in degrees of freedom.

There are several formulations for plate finite elements in the literature based on the plate types.

Broadly these elements are divided into two groups: one is the thin plate (Kirchoff plate) and the other

one is the thick plate (Mindlin plate). Furthermore, depending upon the involvement of the non-

linearity and dynamics in the system, the kinematics and equilibrium equations are complex and hence

different plate elements e.g. Von Karman plate elements etc. are employed for the finite element (FE)

formulation. In this paper, comparison study of different plate elements is carried out and the

applicability of each method are discussed in detail.

Besides this, within each of the elements, the accuracy of the FF results is not same and it depends on

several other factors like:

1. The kinematics used for this formulation that comes from the assumptions involved in that

corresponding plate theory

2. The order of the shape function or interpolation function used and

3. The number of elements

In this study, all these effects are considered and the computational time involvement in each of these

cases are studied. From the intuition, it is quite clear that the computational time requirement will be

more if more number of elements are used or if higher order interpolation function is used since it

increases the dimension of the matrix. However, at the same time, the accuracy of the model needs

to be ensured under the given time frame. Therefore, the selection of the accurate plate model for

any given problem is challenging and this is the basis of all FE modelling. In the existing literature,

several formulations are discussed in detail with the appropriate numerical examples. But the aim of

this study is the documentation of those methods in one place and study of the applicability of each

of these methods.

For simplicity of this study, following considerations are made:

a. All the systems in this study are linear and elastic. No geometric and material non-linearity are

considered here. However, the non-linear system will be considered in the future scope of

study

b. Structural Dynamics are employed

c. Triangular and rectangular shape elements which are the most popular shape elements in FE

modelling, are used in this study. And the interpolation functions are typically the linear,

quadratic and cubical polynomial functions.

Commented [AM1]: structures

Commented [AM2]: finite element formulations for plate elements

Commented [AM3]: The kinematics and equilibrium equations of different plate elements face complexities due to nonlinearity and dynamics in the system. Therefore, different plate elements such as Von Karman elements have been defined for finite element simulations.

Commented [AM4]: This paper evaluates different plate elements and their applications.

Commented [AM5]: Moreover, the accuracy of FE simulations of different types of plate elements is a function of following factors:

Commented [AM6]: The formulation’s kinematics coming from plate’s theory assumptions

Commented [AM7]: Shape function’s order and interpolation functions

Commented [AM8]: I would remove “the”

Commented [AM9]: This study discusses the accuracy of FE simulation due to these factors considering the time of computations.

Commented [AM10]: It’s clear that increasing the number of elements and using higher order interpolation functions increases the time of computations.

Commented [AM11]: models

Commented [AM12]: This study sums up all the proposed methods and discusses their applications.

Commented [AM13]: assumptions

Commented [AM14]: I would remove “ in this study”

Commented [AM15]: I would remove “here”

Commented [AM16]: Non-linear systems

Commented [AM17]: , the most common elements’ shapes in FE modelling,

Commented [AM18]: Linear, quadratic and cubic polynomial functions are used as interpolation functions.

Comparative Analysis of Plate Finite Elements

Introduction

Plate elements are one of the most common structural elements used in the finite element (FE)

modelling of the structural behaviour. However, the FE analysis of this two-dimensional element is

quite computationally challenging due to its inherent complexities involved in degrees of freedom.

There are several formulations for plate finite elements in the literature based on the plate types.

Broadly these elements are divided into two groups: one is the thin plate (Kirchoff plate) and the other

one is the thick plate (Mindlin plate). Furthermore, depending upon the involvement of the non-

linearity and dynamics in the system, the kinematics and equilibrium equations are complex and hence

different plate elements e.g. Von Karman plate elements etc. are employed for the finite element (FE)

formulation. In this paper, comparison study of different plate elements is carried out and the

applicability of each method are discussed in detail.

Besides this, within each of the elements, the accuracy of the FF results is not same and it depends on

several other factors like:

1. The kinematics used for this formulation that comes from the assumptions involved in that

corresponding plate theory

2. The order of the shape function or interpolation function used and

3. The number of elements

In this study, all these effects are considered and the computational time involvement in each of these

cases are studied. From the intuition, it is quite clear that the computational time requirement will be

more if more number of elements are used or if higher order interpolation function is used since it

increases the dimension of the matrix. However, at the same time, the accuracy of the model needs

to be ensured under the given time frame. Therefore, the selection of the accurate plate model for

any given problem is challenging and this is the basis of all FE modelling. In the existing literature,

several formulations are discussed in detail with the appropriate numerical examples. But the aim of

this study is the documentation of those methods in one place and study of the applicability of each

of these methods.

For simplicity of this study, following considerations are made:

a. All the systems in this study are linear and elastic. No geometric and material non-linearity are

considered here. However, the non-linear system will be considered in the future scope of

study

b. Structural Dynamics are employed

c. Triangular and rectangular shape elements which are the most popular shape elements in FE

modelling, are used in this study. And the interpolation functions are typically the linear,

quadratic and cubical polynomial functions

Commented [ME1]: It may be simpler to take these words out.

Commented [ME2]: You may use “the” instead of “this” as you didn’t mention two-dimensional element before in the text.

Commented [ME3]: In “modelling or defining” the degrees of freedom.

Commented [ME4]: Please cite couple references here.

Commented [ME5]: One is …. And the other is …

Commented [ME6]: Such as Von Karman plate elements.

Commented [ME7]: Comparative study

Commented [ME8]: “Additionally” might be better here

Commented [ME9]: FE?

Commented [ME10]: If these factors are from the literature you may need to add some references here.

Commented [ME11]: the

Commented [ME12]: not necessary in bullet points

Commented [ME13]: The aforementioned factors are considered

Commented [ME14]: Intuitively,

Commented [ME15]: Will increase if larger number of elements are used.

Commented [ME16]: This sentence is a little bit long. How about dividing it into two sentences?

Commented [ME17]: and this step is the basis for accurate FE modelling

Commented [ME18]: Please add references here.

Commented [ME19]: Considered.

Commented [ME20]: Non-linearity will be considered in future work.

Commented [ME21]: This study

Commented [ME22]:

Comparative Study of Plate Finite Elements

Introduction

Plate elements are one of the most common structural elements used in the finite element (FE)

modelling of the structures. However, the FE analysis of this two-dimensional element is quite

computationally challenging due to its inherent complexities involved in degrees of freedom.

There are several finite element formulations for plates in the literature based on the plate types.

Broadly these elements are divided into two groups: (1) thin plate (Kirchoff plate) and (2) thick

plate (Mindlin plate). The kinematics and equilibrium equations of different plate elements face

complexities due to nonlinearity and dynamics in the system. Therefore, different plate elements

such as Von Karman elements have been defined for the non-linear FE simulations.

However, in this work, the linear FE simulation will be considered. In the linear analysis, the

superior plate element is the C0 Mindlin plate which incorporates the transverse shear deformation

in the analysis. But it does not provide the accurate results in case of plates with very low thickness.

On the other hand, the Kirchoff plate requires the C1 continuity plate elements and it does consider

the transverse shear deformation in the formulation. Therefore, in the past, researchers made lot of

efforts on the application of the Mindlin plate theory for the thin plate problems and they derived

several elements such as DKT elements (Batoz (1982); Kikuchi (1983); Pitkaranta (1986)), refined

3 noded triangular elements (Tessler and Hughes (1985)), refined 9 noded triangular elements

(Wanji and Cheung (2001)), 4 noded quadrilateral elements (Bathe and Dvorkin (1985);

Briassoulis (1993)) and many more elements based on the mixed formulation approaches and

modified transverse shear energy. Broadly these approaches can be divided in the following

sections:

Use of the DKT element (Batoz (1982); Kikuchi (1983); Pitkaranta (1986))

Employing the selective reduced integration scheme (Zienkiewicz et al (1971); Hughes et

al (1977); Belytschko and Tsay (1983); Belytschko et al (1984))

Modifying the transverse shear energy form (Lee and Pian (1978); Tessler and Hughes

(1985); Donea and Lamain (1987); Hughes and Franca (1988); Alliney and Carnicer

(1991))

This paper aims to document all these approaches and then the comparative study of all the above

methods will be discussed for the effective FE modelling of plates.

2. Preliminaries

2.1 Thin Plate theory (Kirchoff Plate)

In order to start the plate elements, the first comes the classical plate theory which is also known

as the thin plate theory because of its application for the plates having very low thicknesses.

This was formulated by Love using the assumptions suggested by Kirchoff. Those assumptions

are:

The plane section remains plane before and after the bending normal to the neutral

axis

The transverse shear deformations are neglected

No Warping

Plane stress is considered i.e. 0zz

Deformation is small

Stretching is uniform across the section

Linear elastic material is assumed

With the above assumptions, the kinematic equations are as follows:

( , )( , )

( , )( , )

( , )

s

s

w x yu u x y z

x

w x yv v x y z

y

w w x y

(1)

Where, u, v, w are the deformations in the 3 directions respectively. The superscript s stands

for the stretching term. These kinematic assumptions lead to the zero transverse shear strain as

given in the equation 2.

2. Preliminaries

2.1 Thin Plate theory (Kirchoff Plate)

For two-dimensional plate element formulation, the classical plate theory which is widely

known as the thin plate theory because of its application for the plates having very low

thicknesses, is the most simplified plate theory [reference]. The underlying assumptions are:

The plane section remains plane before and after the bending and normal to the

neutral axis

The transverse shear deformations are neglected

No Warping

Plane stress is considered i.e. 0zz

Deformation is small

Stretching is uniform across the section

Linear elastic material is employed

With the above assumptions, the kinematic equations are as follows:

( , )( , )

( , )( , )

( , )

s

s

w x yu u x y z

x

w x yv v x y z

y

w w x y

(1)

Where, u, v, w are the deformations in the 3 directions respectively. The superscript s stands

for the stretching term. These kinematic assumptions lead to the zero transverse shear strains

as given in the equation 2.