portfolio - itai cohen

Itai CohenPortfolio

Selected works, May 2012

2 0 0 5 - 2 0 1 2

Itai Cohen - Registered Architect.web: itai.co e.mail: [email protected] tel:+972544911686

12

34

56

78

A

Table Of Contents M.Sc S.01-S.04ReVolt House: Solar Decathlon entry Projects:

Appendix

M.Sc S.02Smoke Ring: New Kuip stadium design

B.Arch S.09-S.10Metronome: Music and sound museum

M.Sc S.01Tentative: Innovative facade prototype

B.Arch S.05Mt. Carmel Visitor center

B.Arch S.07Lotus: Mobile sustainable market stall

IndependetCommunity V2.0: Temporary installation at Beth Hatefutsoth Museum

B.Arch S.08Israels prime-minister residence

Resum

Quick Navigation

1.ReVolt House: Solar Decathlon entry

2.Smoke Ring: New Kuip stadium design

3.Metronome: Music and sound museum

4.Tentative: Innovative facade prototype

12

34

56

78

A

5.Mt. Carmel Visitor center

8.Israels prime-minister residence

7.Community V2.0: Temporary installation Beth Hatefutsoth Museum

6.Lotus: Mobile sustainable market stall

ReVolt HouseProject Description Solar Decathlon entry by team TU DelftDate of presentation 3/2012 Semester 1,2,3 and 4 of MastersTutors PhD Cand. Florian Heinzelmann, Prof. Patrick TeuffelDesign Team 8 Students in core team, 25 in total.

12

34

56

78

A

Background - Solar Decathlon Europe

Solar Decathlon Europe is an international competition among universities which promotes research in the development of efficient houses. The objective of the participating teams is to design and build houses that consume as few natural resources as possible and produce minimum waste products during their life cycle. Particular emphasis is put on reducing energy consumption and on obtaining all the necessary energy from the sun.During the final phase of the competition, teams shall assemble their houses in Madrid, in a place open to the public called Villa Solar, where all of them can be visited. They will be competing in ten contests (that is why it is called decathlon) that will decide which one is the winner of that edition. In the competition taking place in September 2012, there will be twenty proposals from 15 different countries, eleven of which will come from Europe (Germany, Denmark, Spain, France, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, The United Kingdom and Romania) and four more from China, Japan, Brazil and Egypt.

All of these teams are supported by one or more universities and have the economic and technical support from institutions and companies. The main figures during the whole process, from the design to the last phase of the competition in Madrid are the students, known as Decathletes, who are guided by a professor, the Faculty Advisor. (Source: sdeurope.com)

TU Delft had competed in the 2012 Solar Decathlon Europe but had to forfeit and cancel the project just before production, on March 2012. I had been involved in the design since the early concept phase (The design proposed by 3 students and myself was selected in an internal competition within the university). For more than a year and a half a group of students from the fields of architecture, building technology and sustainable energy were working to make this design a reality.

FabLab House 2010Rosenheim House 2010Home+ House 2010

Once the initial design phase was completed, I took the role of climate team leader, in which I was in charge of the bioclimatic design Developing the houses energetic balance, using passive, semi-passive and advance active systems. I was involved in energetic simulations, calculations and analysis as well as developing a methodology for analyzing the special circumstances of the house. Other aspects included modeling the house using thermal analysis software, daylight calculations, wind and ventilation simulations (CFD), Daylight analysis and artificial light design. Consultation and meetings with industry specialists from the fields of building physics, heat pump optimization, adiabatic cooling and physical simulation specialists. I was involved in the systems design including tailor made system modification with manufacturers according to the design needs. One of the most important aspects of my role was design coordination and integration with architectural design, envelope, energy and logistics teams.

The ReVolt House is a rotating and floating solar home, which was designed by a team from the Delft University of Technology (TU Delft). The Revolt House was a part of the 2012 Solar Decathlon, the world cup for sustainable solar houses.

The name ReVolt has a tri-fold reference to the essence of the house: REVolving, VOLTage (referring to its self-powered capacity), and REVOLTing against the paradigm of what a house is expected to be.

Not only is the ReVolt House entirely self-powered by solar collectors located

on the roof, but the house benefits from sustainable design in all respects, from passive ventilation, to natural heating and cooling, to sustainable manufacturing the house literally floats on 18,000 bottles.

The ReVolt Houses sustainable design takes well advantage of the properties of water temperate conditions, reflection of the suns rays, and facility for rotation movement.

The layout of the house is precisely designed with three living zones: a living area, a dining area, and the bedroom area. One side of the house has a window-clad open facade, where the other side

is a shaded closed facade. The ReVolt house is designed to rotate such that in the winter months, the open facade is constantly facing the sun to provide light and natural heating for the home, and in the summer months, the closed facade is following the sun, in order to shade the suns heat and keep the house cool. Naturally, the dwellers can override and orient the house as they please.

In addition to sustainability and low energy consumption, the TU Delft team also hoped to provide a unique and comfortable lifestyle with the ReVolt House, based on the calm of the water and the special landscape features.

The Design 12

34

56

78

A

Winter rotation modeSummer rotation mode

Design Concepts

Its Dutch!Springs from Dutch traditions of seafaring and boat houses along the canals. A typical Dutch boathouse is a good start for a sustainable house.

Its Future Proof!With the continuous rise in sea level the boat house offers the ultimate flexible solution, always floating on the water.

Its Mobile!The boathouse rotates following the sun to for protection and to maximize power conversion. It can also move from place to place not being confined to a location.

Its More Temperate!Bodies of water maintain relatively stable temperature during summer and winter. A boat house avoids extreme heat and cold found inland and requires less energy to maintain comfort levels.

Its Futuristic!Building on water increases density and preserves precious arable land and can be a part of large scale development of cities on water.

Three aspects of the ReVolt House are the quintessence for the further design namely floating, rotating and effects

Floating: The reasons to develop a floating house, is related to the sheer amount of water available in the Netherlands. There are plansto build entire neighborhoods floating on water. We would like to contribute to that and additionally show how to solve that in a sustainable way where the water/landscape aspect gets tightly interwoven with the architecture and energy concept of our house.

Rotating: The house will rotate for one reason amongst others because of climatic and energy aspects. One side of the house will have a closed facade which in summer will continuously face the sun in order to shade the interior and minimize the solar heat gain inside (lesser cooling). We call this closed part of the house the heat shield. In winter when the suns altitude is lower, the open glass facades of the house will continuously face the sun. This will generate a solar heat gain for the interior (passive heating) which requires less energy for an actual heating system. Since the house is floating with little friction on water the rotation wont require much of an effort.

Effects: Since water reflects the sun rays we further expect having a great impact on the interior of the house in terms of daylight availability but also atmosphere. We aim to combine sustainability, low energy consumption, and a dynamic relation with the landscape into a unique lifestyle and design.

12

34

56

78

A

10

The circular footprint of ReVolt House is the most consistent shape for circu-lar movement and allows a reduction of the amount of energy needed for the rotation in water thus not just being a metaphor but coming from the aspect of its performance. According to the square meter allowance of the building footprint, a Dutch starterswoning (starters apartment) for a young couple was designed, of which theres a lack in the Netherlands. The open spatial configura-tion is based on a triangular layout organized around three nuclei; dining, living and sleeping which are connected at the perimeter by an alternation of open and closed facades which contains the more technical and appliances spaces. In that manner the kitchen is adjacent to the dining room area, the home enter-tainment to the living room and the wardrobe, toilet and washing appliance are close to the sleeping room.

Although the whole interior is made as one continuous element where many things are integrated into the wall and just a few element are exhibited. The use of the white color and absence of straight corners let the eye drawn around the room and makes it feel more spacious than it really is. The build-in furniture helps to open up the space, leaving more room to breathe. Moreover, it allows the house to adapt different scenarios that are needed for the dynamic lifestyle of young families.

The central bathroom not only works as light well to get more daylight into the interior but also as visual barrier, thus separating i.e. the kitchen from the sleeping area. The view relations between the three living areas and glass fa-cades remain unobstructed; therefore enabling the inhabitants a view towards at least two glass facades and the home entertainment area from any point in the house. By bending the facade into the volume at the glass facades, the building receives a sculptured appearance while the curves enhance the notion of rotation.

As the inner logic and spatial organization is tied to sun movement, so is the relation with the surrounding. The landscaping with the wooden deck for ac-cessing the ReVolt House as well as the water part will be programmed in such a way that its features are related to the use most likely happening at that specific moment in time. During the rotation cycle the three full-height glazed windows will display an ever-shifting landscape, with the interesting result of framing dif-ferent views along the day, or the same view slowly moving from a window to another. Because the house is constantly orienting itself most optimal towards the sun, there wont be any external sun shading elements required, thus leav-ing the view to the outside completely unobstructed at all times.

Furthermore, the rhythm of rotation is generally determined by sun position in the sky, but the TU Delft team is implementing a software-based interface which will allow the inhabitants to personalize the rotation rate according to their specific needs and desires. For example, by interacting with ReVolt Houses rota-tion system, one could configure it in order to wake up every morning bathed in sun light, or to face the sunset while having a romantic dinner at the loggia. The awareness of water presence has been another driving force while design-ing ReVolt House. Since the three glazed walls can be completely opened, they can all work either as entrances or small terraces. Even if the relative position of the inside changes constantly in relation to the outside, the house can be sur-rounded by a fixed deck for the half of its perimeter. When parts of the house is facing a pool, a lake, or a canal on which it floats, the dweller will be in direct contact with water, avoiding the visual and physical obstruction of the deck.

Concept Diagram

Circular shape

Bending facade

three nuclei

Interior relations

Exterior relations

L

DS

10






Concept Diagram

Circular shape

Bending facade

three nuclei

Interior relations

Exterior relations

L

DS

10






Concept Diagram

Circular shape

Bending facade

three nuclei

Interior relations

Exterior relations

L

DS

Three functions Interior relations

Bending facade Exterior relations

The Revolt house design addresses a variety of lifestyles and contexts related to water. This first issue brought forward an innovative and original concept for a sustainable building.

The ReVolt House follows the movement of the sun throughout the day thanks to a rotation mechanism, which itself is activated by solar energy. The house will slowly spin around its centre for better responding to sun irradiation, which will be maximized during winter and screened in summer to enhance passive climatic effects. We further enable the inhabitants to override the climatic programming of the rotation in order to have direct light enter the house according to their liking.

The ReVolt House enables the inhabitant truly live with the natural cycle of the sun. The relation with the source of energy has been a crucial aspect in the conception of the architecture design from the very beginning, becoming part of the experience and every day live.

The circular footprint of ReVolt House is the most consistent shape for circular movement and allows a reduction of the amount of energy needed for the rotation in water thus not just being a metaphor but coming from the aspect of its performance.

According to the square meter allowance of the building footprint, a Dutch starterswoning (starters apartment) for a young couple was designed, of which theres a lack in the Netherlands. The open spatial configuration is based on a triangular layout organized around three nuclei; dining, living and sleeping which are connected at the perimeter by an alternation of open and closed facades which contains the more technical and appliances spaces. In that manner the kitchen is adjacent to the dining room area, the home entertainment to the living room and the wardrobe, toilet and washing appliance are close to the sleeping room.

Although the whole interior is made as one continuous element where many things are integrated into the wall and just a few element are exhibited. The use of the white color and absence of straight corners let the eye drawn around the room and makes it feel more spacious than

12

34

56

78

A

it really is. The build-in furniture helps to open up the space, leaving more room to breathe. Moreover, it allows the house to adapt different scenarios that are needed for the dynamic lifestyle of young families. The central bathroom not only works as light well to get more daylight into the interior but also as visual barrier, thus separating i.e. the kitchen from the sleeping area. The view relations between the three living areas and glass facades remain unobstructed; therefore enabling the inhabitants a view towards at least two glass facades and the

home entertainment area from any point in the house. By bending the facade into the volume at the glass facades, the building receives a sculptured appearance while the curves enhance the notion of rotation.

As the inner logic and spatial organization is tied to sun movement, so is the relation with the surrounding. The landscaping with the wooden deck for accessing the ReVolt House as well as the water part will be programmed in such a way that its features are related to the use most likely happening at that

specific moment in time. During the rotation cycle the three full-height glazed windows will display an ever-shifting landscape, with the interesting result of framing different views along the day, or the same view slowly moving from a window to another. Because the house is constantly orienting itself most optimal towards the sun, there wont be any external sun shading elements required, thus leaving the view to the outside completely unobstructed at all times.

Furthermore, the rhythm of rotation is generally determined by sun position in the sky, but the TU Delft team is implementing a software-based interface which will allow the inhabitants to personalize the rotation rate according to their specific needs and desires. For example, by interacting with ReVolt Houses rotation system, one could configure it in order to wake up every

morning bathed in sun light, or to face the sunset while having a romantic dinner at the loggia.

The awareness of water presence has been another driving force while designing ReVolt House. Since the three glazed walls can be completely opened, they can all work either as entrances or small terraces. Even if

the relative position of the inside changes constantly in relation to the outside, the house can be surrounded by a fixed deck for the half of its perimeter. When parts of the house is facing a pool, a lake, or a canal on which it floats, the dweller will be in direct contact with water, avoiding the visual and physical obstruction of the deck.

12

34

56

78

A

40

5.2.2 Constructive Design

5.2.2.1 Narrative

Solid objectives form the constructive concept of the Revolt House, which gives consistency to the developed solutions and promotes the architectural design. The challenge of constructing a lightweight structure, derived from the very essence of a floating, rotating and transportable house, is one of the major goals and has a greater influence in the decision making crite-ria. In addition, the reduction of assembly time and fewer connections required for grouping the components, which are in the size of transportable pieces, with integrated electrical and mechanical systems simplifies the assembly process. On the other hand, equal importance is given in simplifying the details of the construction that highlights the architectural form. The challenge of the above all is in delivering very high efficiency, optimization and sustainability, thereby creating a high perfor-mance levels. The challenges not only influence the material selection and the production techniques, but even further, it becomes depicted in the house, in an attempt to raise social awareness.

5.2.2.2 Description

The Revolt House construction description can be divided in two distinct parts, the Landscape and the Shell. These two as-pects define the built environment comprising of platform and pool forming the landscape area and different building com-ponents forming the shell. The detailed descriptions of each part with the materials, components and construction systems used are explained below.

L a n d s c a p eS h e l l

Roof

Walls

Floor

Floating Platform

Floor Slabs

Floating Floor

Bathroom

Machine Room/Wardrobe

Machine Room/Wardrobe

Windows

Roof Ring

Roof Slabs

Photovoltaics/ Solar Collectos

Kitchen Unit

Deck and Ramps

Platform

Pool

Since the house was designed to be constructed and dismantled three times (buildup in Delft, dismantling and transporting to Madrid, construction for the competition, dismantling and shipping back to delft, and final buildup) all connections were designed to be dry and and capable of multiple usage, and all parts were designed to fit in as little trucks as possible.

The competition dictates that the house should be built in 10 days at the competition site, a fact that forced design for rapid fabrication.

12

34

56

78

A

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k

C W /mD A IL Y COND IT ION S - 14th February (45)

LE GE ND

T emperature

R el.Humidity

D irectSolar

D iffuse Solar

W ind Speed C loud Cover

Comfort: T hermal Neutrality

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov D ec

-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k

C W /mMONTHLY D IUR N AL AVE R AG E S - AMST E R D AM, N LD

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k

C W /mD A ILY COND IT IONS - 6th July (187)

LE G E ND

T emperature

R el.H umidity

D irectSolar

D iffuse Solar




-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k

C W /mMONTHLY D IU R NA L AVE R AGE S - Madrid, E S P

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug S ep Oct N ov D ec

-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k

C W /mMON THLY D IU R N AL AVE R AGE S - AMSTE R D AM, N LD


-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k

C W /mMON THLY D IU R N AL AVE R AGE S -Madrid, E SP

Jan14th 28th

Feb14th 28th

Mar14th 28th

Apr14th 28th

May14th 28th

Jun14th 28th

Jul14th 28th

Aug14th 28th

Sep14th 28th

Oct14th 28th

Nov14th 28th

Dec14th 28th

1stJanuary to 31stDecemberRELATIVE HUMIDITY -AMSTERDAM, NLD

0% 0%

20% 20%

40% 40%

60% 60%

80% 80%

100% 100%

Jan14th 28th

Feb14th 28th

Mar14th 28th

Apr14th 28th

May14th 28th

Jun14th 28th

Jul14th 28th

Aug14th 28th

Sep14th 28th

Oct14th 28th

Nov14th 28th

Dec14th 28th

1stJanuary to 31stDecemberRELATIVE HUMIDITY -Madrid, ESP

0% 0%

20% 20%

40% 40%

60% 60%

80% 80%

100% 100%

Jan14th 28th

Feb14th 28th

Mar14th 28th

Apr14th 28th

May14th 28th

Jun14th 28th

Jul14th 28th

Aug14th 28th

Sep14th 28th

Oct14th 28th

Nov14th 28th

Dec14th 28th

1stJanuary to 31stDecember

0% 0%

20% 20%

40% 40%

60% 60%

80% 80%

100% 100%

Jan14th 28th

Feb14th 28th

Mar14th 28th

Apr14th 28th

May14th 28th

Jun14th 28th

Jul14th 28th

Aug14th 28th

Sep14th 28th

Oct14th 28th

Nov14th 28th

Dec14th 28th


0% 0%

20% 20%

40% 40%

60% 60%

80% 80%

100% 100%

DBT(C) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

AH

5

10

15

20

25

30

Comfort

Psychrometric ChartLocation: AMSTERDAM, NLDFrequency: 1stJanuary to 31stDecemberWeekday Times: 00:00-24:00HrsWeekend Times: 00:00-24:00HrsBarometric Pressure: 101.36kPa W eather T ool

SELECTED DESIGN TECHNIQUES:1. passive solarheating2. thermal mass effects3. exposed mass +night-purge ventilation4. natural ventilation5. directevaporative cooling6. indirectevaporative cooling

DBT(C) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

AH

5

10

15

20

25

30

Comfort

Psychrometric ChartLocation: Madrid, ESPFrequency: 1stJanuary to 31stDecemberWeekday Times: 00:00-24:00HrsWeekend Times: 00:00-24:00HrsBarometric Pressure: 101.36kPa W eather T ool

SELECTED DESIGN TECHNIQUES:

1. passive solarheating2. thermal mass effects3. exposed mass +night-purge ventilation4. natural ventilation5. directevaporative cooling6. indirectevaporative cooling

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k


LE GE ND

T emperature

R el.Humidity

D irectSolar

D iffuse Solar




-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k


2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k


LE G E ND

T emperature

R el.H umidity

D irectSolar

D iffuse Solar




-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k



-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k



-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k


Jan14th 28th

Feb14th 28th

Mar14th 28th

Apr14th 28th

May14th 28th

Jun14th 28th

Jul14th 28th

Aug14th 28th

Sep14th 28th

Oct14th 28th

Nov14th 28th

Dec14th 28th


0% 0%

20% 20%

40% 40%

60% 60%

80% 80%

100% 100%

Jan14th 28th

Feb14th 28th

Mar14th 28th

Apr14th 28th

May14th 28th

Jun14th 28th

Jul14th 28th

Aug14th 28th

Sep14th 28th

Oct14th 28th

Nov14th 28th

Dec14th 28th


0% 0%

20% 20%

40% 40%

60% 60%

80% 80%

100% 100%

Jan14th 28th

Feb14th 28th

Mar14th 28th

Apr14th 28th

May14th 28th

Jun14th 28th

Jul14th 28th

Aug14th 28th

Sep14th 28th

Oct14th 28th

Nov14th 28th

Dec14th 28th


0% 0%

20% 20%

40% 40%

60% 60%

80% 80%

100% 100%

Jan14th 28th

Feb14th 28th

Mar14th 28th

Apr14th 28th

May14th 28th

Jun14th 28th

Jul14th 28th

Aug14th 28th

Sep14th 28th

Oct14th 28th

Nov14th 28th

Dec14th 28th


0% 0%

20% 20%

40% 40%

60% 60%

80% 80%

100% 100%

DBT(C) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

AH

5

10

15

20

25

30

Comfort



DBT(C) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

AH

5

10

15

20

25

30

Comfort




Bioclimatic DesignThe task at hand was to design a house that would perform well in the Netherlands, as well as in the competition site in Madrid. Comparative analysis was made to determine the best passive method for controlling the houses climate; Direct solar gain was selected for heating and evaporation for cooling.

The challenge of climatic design of the ReVolt house was even greater because the house was rotating- unlike any other house. That had made the dynamic energetic calculations

much more complicated, since all software packages are orientation dependant and include the suns path, which is irrelevant in this case. Ad-hoc solutions were developed to create reliable energetic calculations. A method was developed in which the radiation was calculated separately from conduction and convection. To establish the amount of radiation infiltrating the house the Perez model was used to derive directional data from the weather data, and then using conditional scripting, the rotation was simulated per window per hour, on the IWEC

year data. The estimated loads were then set into an Energy+ model of the house (with no windows) as internal loads.

To prove that the rotation is indeed effective the same method was used to compare three models- a stationary model, facing south, a rotating model in summer mode, and a rotating model in winter mode. The calculation had reveled a difference of 9kWh/day in summer and up to 15kWh/day in winter.

12

34

56

78

A

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k


LE GE ND

T emperature

R el.Humidity

D irectSolar

D iffuse Solar




-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k


2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k


LE G E ND

T emperature

R el.H umidity

D irectSolar

D iffuse Solar




-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k



-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k



-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k


Jan14th 28th

Feb14th 28th

Mar14th 28th

Apr14th 28th

May14th 28th

Jun14th 28th

Jul14th 28th

Aug14th 28th

Sep14th 28th

Oct14th 28th

Nov14th 28th

Dec14th 28th


0% 0%

20% 20%

40% 40%

60% 60%

80% 80%

100% 100%

Jan14th 28th

Feb14th 28th

Mar14th 28th

Apr14th 28th

May14th 28th

Jun14th 28th

Jul14th 28th

Aug14th 28th

Sep14th 28th

Oct14th 28th

Nov14th 28th

Dec14th 28th


0% 0%

20% 20%

40% 40%

60% 60%

80% 80%

100% 100%

Jan14th 28th

Feb14th 28th

Mar14th 28th

Apr14th 28th

May14th 28th

Jun14th 28th

Jul14th 28th

Aug14th 28th

Sep14th 28th

Oct14th 28th

Nov14th 28th

Dec14th 28th


0% 0%

20% 20%

40% 40%

60% 60%

80% 80%

100% 100%

Jan14th 28th

Feb14th 28th

Mar14th 28th

Apr14th 28th

May14th 28th

Jun14th 28th

Jul14th 28th

Aug14th 28th

Sep14th 28th

Oct14th 28th

Nov14th 28th

Dec14th 28th


0% 0%

20% 20%

40% 40%

60% 60%

80% 80%

100% 100%

DBT(C) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

AH

5

10

15

20

25

30

Comfort



DBT(C) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

AH

5

10

15

20

25

30

Comfort




2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k


LE GE ND

T emperature

R el.Humidity

D irectSolar

D iffuse Solar




-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k


2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k


LE G E ND

T emperature

R el.H umidity

D irectSolar

D iffuse Solar




-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k



-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k



-10 0.0k

0 0.2k

10 0.4k

20 0.6k

30 0.8k

40 1.0k


Jan14th 28th

Feb14th 28th

Mar14th 28th

Apr14th 28th

May14th 28th

Jun14th 28th

Jul14th 28th

Aug14th 28th

Sep14th 28th

Oct14th 28th

Nov14th 28th

Dec14th 28th


0% 0%

20% 20%

40% 40%

60% 60%

80% 80%

100% 100%

Jan14th 28th

Feb14th 28th

Mar14th 28th

Apr14th 28th

May14th 28th

Jun14th 28th

Jul14th 28th

Aug14th 28th

Sep14th 28th

Oct14th 28th

Nov14th 28th

Dec14th 28th


0% 0%

20% 20%

40% 40%

60% 60%

80% 80%

100% 100%

Jan14th 28th

Feb14th 28th

Mar14th 28th

Apr14th 28th

May14th 28th

Jun14th 28th

Jul14th 28th

Aug14th 28th

Sep14th 28th

Oct14th 28th

Nov14th 28th

Dec14th 28th


0% 0%

20% 20%

40% 40%

60% 60%

80% 80%

100% 100%

Jan14th 28th

Feb14th 28th

Mar14th 28th

Apr14th 28th

May14th 28th

Jun14th 28th

Jul14th 28th

Aug14th 28th

Sep14th 28th

Oct14th 28th

Nov14th 28th

Dec14th 28th


0% 0%

20% 20%

40% 40%

60% 60%

80% 80%

100% 100%

DBT(C) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

AH

5

10

15

20

25

30

Comfort



DBT(C) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

AH

5

10

15

20

25

30

Comfort




N

15

30

45

60

75

90

105

120

135

150

165

180

195

210

225

240

255

270

285

300

315

330

345

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

9

10

111213

14

15

16

1stJan

1stFeb

1stMar

1stApr

1stMay

1stJun

1stJul

1stAug

1stSep

1stOct

1stNov

1stDec

S tereographic D iagramLocation: AMSTERDAM, NLDSun Position: 159.5, 59.7HSA: -12.5, VSA: 60.3

W eathe r T ool

Time: 12:00Date: 1stJulyDotted lines: July-December.

N

15

30

45

60

75

90

105

120

135

150

165

180

195

210

225

240

255

270

285

300

315

330

345

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

9

1011

12131415

16

17

1stJan

1stFeb

1stMar

1stApr

1stMay

1stJun1stJul

1stAug

1stSep

1stOct

1stNov

1stDec

S tereographic D iagramLocation: Madrid, ESPSunPosition: 130.3, 66.1HSA: -41.7, VSA: 71.7

W eather T ool

Time: 12:00Date: 1stJulyDotted lines: July-December.

Deliverable #4TUD_PM#4_2012-02-08

February 8, 2012


February 8, 2012


February 8, 2012

143

2000020000

15000

10000

5000

Wh/

day

5000

0

Jan Dec

Jun

-5000 IWEC Day of year

2020

15

10

5

kWh/

day

5

0

Jan Dec

Jun

-5 IWEC Day of year

5.3.63 Amsterdam, yearly delta of solar gain between combined rotation to stationary models

5.3.64 Madrid, yearly delta of solar gain between combined rotation to stationary models Deliverable #4TUD_PM#4_2012-02-08

February 8, 2012


February 8, 2012


February 8, 2012

143

2000020000

15000

10000

5000

Wh/

day

5000

0

Jan Dec

Jun

-5000 IWEC Day of year

2020

15

10

5

kWh/

day

5

0

Jan Dec

Jun

-5 IWEC Day of year

5.3.63 Amsterdam, yearly delta of solar gain between combined rotation to stationary models

5.3.64 Madrid, yearly delta of solar gain between combined rotation to stationary models


February 8, 2012


February 8, 2012

142

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Sola

r rad

ition

load

kW

/h,

Win

dow

s

Hours

Rotation, Summer mode Stationary Rotation, Winter Mode

Jan

Dec

Jun

5.3.61 Amsterdam, yearly comparison between models a, b, c

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Sola

r rad

ition

load

kW

/h,

Win

dow

s

Hours


Jan

Dec

Jun

5.3.62 Madrid, yearly comparison between models a, b, c Deliverable #4TUD_PM#4_2012-02-08

February 8, 2012


February 8, 2012

142

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Sola

r rad

ition

load

kW

/h,

Win

dow

s

Hours


Jan

Dec

Jun

5.3.61 Amsterdam, yearly comparison between models a, b, c

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Sola

r rad

ition

load

kW

/h,

Win

dow

s

Hours


Jan

Dec

Jun

5.3.62 Madrid, yearly comparison between models a, b, c


February 8, 2012


February 8, 2012


February 8, 2012

107

5.3.17 Resp. Madrid and Amsterdam, yearly simulation results, heating and cooling for all zones

5.3.18 Simulation results 14-31 september (Madrid, competition)

Themodeldid notincludethethreelargewindowsasglazing,butinsteadaswallsofthesamesizeandafakeconstructionthatmeasuresaU-valueof0.7W/m2K,similartothewindowsystemincorporatedinthehouse.Thisradiation-lessmodelwaslocatedwiththelargewindowfacadetothesouth,tosimulatethebestpassivestationarypositioning.Foreachofthethreesimulatedscenarios(yearly-Amsterdam,yearly-Madrid,Competition-Madrid),datafromtheExcelsimu-lationofrotationwasintroducedtothemodel.Todoso,theresultingsolargainwassetasascheduledactivity(miscactivitytab)thattriedtosimulateascloselyaspossiblethebehaviourderivedfromthesimulation.Foreachweekoftheyear,thedaywiththehighestvaluewasselectedforthesummerseason,whilethelowestwaschosenforwinterweeks(conservativeapproach),theschedulefollowedsunbehaviourduringaday(increasingto100%,thendecreasingto0%,accordingtosunrise

andsunset).Thevalueof100%wasselectedbythetopmostvalueintherotationsimulation.

MaximalsolargaininAmsterdam:2.48kW,or45W/m2

MaximalsolargaininMadrid:2.73kW,or50W/m2

5.3.3.1.2.1 Yearly simulations (capacity, monthly load)

Thedynamicsimulationoutputs(fig.5.3.17)showtheneededcoolingandheatingloadsexpectedintheReVolthousewhenlocatedinMadrid.ThedesignthereforeconsistsofthemaximalcoolingcapacityinMadrid,whichis3.2 kWh (peakload,includingsolarradiationduetorotation)andthemaximalheatingcapacityinAmsterdam,whichis1.4 kWh(peakload,ex-cludingsolarradiationduetorotation).

5.3.3.1.2.2 Competition simulations (capacity, monthly load)

kW/h

14september 31 september

Amsterdam rotation analysisMadrid rotation analysis

12

34

56

78

A


February 8, 2012


February 8, 2012


February 8, 2012

107

5.3.17 Resp. Madrid and Amsterdam, yearly simulation results, heating and cooling for all zones

5.3.18 Simulation results 14-31 september (Madrid, competition)

Themodeldid notincludethethreelargewindowsasglazing,butinsteadaswallsofthesamesizeandafakeconstructionthatmeasuresaU-valueof0.7W/m2K,similartothewindowsystemincorporatedinthehouse.Thisradiation-lessmodelwaslocatedwiththelargewindowfacadetothesouth,tosimulatethebestpassivestationarypositioning.Foreachofthethreesimulatedscenarios(yearly-Amsterdam,yearly-Madrid,Competition-Madrid),datafromtheExcelsimu-lationofrotationwasintroducedtothemodel.Todoso,theresultingsolargainwassetasascheduledactivity(miscactivitytab)thattriedtosimulateascloselyaspossiblethebehaviourderivedfromthesimulation.Foreachweekoftheyear,thedaywiththehighestvaluewasselectedforthesummerseason,whilethelowestwaschosenforwinterweeks(conservativeapproach),theschedulefollowedsunbehaviourduringaday(increasingto100%,thendecreasingto0%,accordingtosunrise

andsunset).Thevalueof100%wasselectedbythetopmostvalueintherotationsimulation.

MaximalsolargaininAmsterdam:2.48kW,or45W/m2

MaximalsolargaininMadrid:2.73kW,or50W/m2

5.3.3.1.2.1 Yearly simulations (capacity, monthly load)

Thedynamicsimulationoutputs(fig.5.3.17)showtheneededcoolingandheatingloadsexpectedintheReVolthousewhenlocatedinMadrid.ThedesignthereforeconsistsofthemaximalcoolingcapacityinMadrid,whichis3.2 kWh (peakload,includingsolarradiationduetorotation)andthemaximalheatingcapacityinAmsterdam,whichis1.4 kWh(peakload,ex-cludingsolarradiationduetorotation).

5.3.3.1.2.2 Competition simulations (capacity, monthly load)

kW/h

14september 31 september


February 8, 2012


February 8, 2012

108

AsegmentoftheMadriddynamicsimulationisportrayedinfurtherdetailinthisreporttohourlyresolution(fig.5.3.19).Thegraphshowsthesimulatedsolargainfromtheexcelmodel,asintroducedtotheEnergyPlusmodel.Noticeablearethecool-ingloadasaresultfromthesolargain,andminorheatingloadsasaresultofthelackofthethermalmassintheEnergyPlusmodel(seesimulationlimitations).Itisclearthatduetotheexceptionallylowtransmittancevaluesoftheenvelopeandef-fectiveheatexchanger,almostnolostofenergyoccurstothesurroundings.Themaininfluenceisthereforethesolargainthroughthelargewindows(albeititisindirect!)andtheinternalheatgainsfromequipmentandpeople.Alsoapparentinthesimulationisthestrictthermostatsettingthatwassettomaintainaconstantairtemperatureof24degreesintheentirehouse,regardlessofexternalloads.

5.3.3.1.2.3 Simulation limitations

Thesoftwareusedhasabiastowardconvectivemeansofconditioning,causingsimulationinaccuracy.Oursystemhoweverisnotintendedtoregulatebyconvectiononly,butwithacombinationofradiationandconvection.Theoperativetemperature,whichisasumoftheradianttemperatureandtheairtemperature,wasusedasacontrolcriteria.

Furthermore,thesoftwareisnotequippedwithamodulethatcansimulatePCM.Thematerialcannotbeaccuratelysimu-latedasnormalthermalmasssinceitisstoringlatentheatonlywithinacertaintemperaturerange.Toimprovethesimula-tionsreliability,aseperateEnergyPlusmodelisunderdevelopmenttosimulatetheperformanceofPCMonenergystorage.

5.3.19 Simulation results comfort temperatures 14-31 september

kW/h

14september 31september

Summer Madrid loads

Designed temperature graph

s,Ws

E,WsEK

12

34

56

78

A

>E,Ws,KD

,Ws,W

,,Ws,W

>E,Ws,KD

,Ws,W

,,Ws,W

Bioclimatic system superposition

12

34

56

78

A

Embedded water system: heating, cooling and domestic hot water

Machine room design

12

34

56

78

A

The ReVolt house is utilizing the sun, a set of heat-exchanges, the pools water and an adiabatic cooler to control comfort within the house. The main cooling system is the radiative ceiling, which is circulated with a submerged heat-exchanger in the pool. As long as the pool is colder then the internal temperature by more then 4c, is would drain the heat to the pool at a cost of only 6w. When the heat load is higher, an adiabatic air-air heat-exchanger kicks in, using stack

ventilation to remove hot air, cool it with grey water droplets and then in turn cool the intake air to 18c. This is done while the rotation mechanism keeps the house in full shade, preventing penetration of direct solar radiation. In case the pool overheats, a small heat pump cools the water to 20c. Maximum cooling load expected: 3.4kW peak. In winter the house is using a PID controller to determine the houses angle towards the sun and keep temperature optimal. When

direct solar radiation is not present, the heat pump is reversed and heats the floor to 28c, using the pools water as a source. The air-air exchanger is preheating the intake air with the exhaust air in an efficiency of 95%. The maximal expected heating load is 1.35kW peak. The loads are relatively low albeit the large floor to window ratio, due to the highly insulating envelope, rated at a U value of 0.13m2K.

Air circulation scheme and forced stacked ventilation

MaterializationMuch thought was given to the materials the house should be made of. They had to be very durable, precise, insulating, sustainable, and very importantly, light - to keep the houses weight as low as possible for bouncy.

After a long period of research, the material selected for the envelope was glass-fiber reinforced PE/PET foam composite, fabricated in vacuum infusion. The houses parts would be cast using only 5 moulds, which with different setups are able to produce all the necessary segments.

The floating platform is made of over-pressurised PET bottles, which are able to carry substantial loads after being filled with 6 grams of dry-ice (solid CO2).

/d/Z, KD/ d-dd/d^-d

D

D Mold 3 (ring)

WsZdD d/Dds^^/^ tdEE-dW/

12

34

56

78

A

Smoke RingProject Description XXL Digital Workshop for designing the

new Kuip stadium- RotterdamDate of presentation 4/2011 Semester 2 of MastersTutors Coordination: Michela Turrin.

Instructors: Prof.ir. K. Oosterhuis; Dr.ir. H.H. Bier, ir. Jelle Feringa. Dr.ir. J. Paul, ir. A. Borgart, ir. T. Klein, Arch. M. Turrin, ir. S. Mulders, ir. P. Nourian, Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren, Dr.ir. M. Tenpierik, Ing. A.K. Lassen, ir.G.Mangone, Prof.dr.ing. P. Teuffel; Dipl.Ing. F. Heinzelmann

Design Team L. Birznieks, M. Van Meijeren, P. Papanastasis, I. Cohen

12

34

56

78

A

Background - XXL Digital WorkshopThis design was conceived during a unique workshop given at the TU Delft, titled XXL.

The XXL Workshop is an elective course held at the Faculty of Architecture of Delft University of Technology. It is concerned with the design, computation, engineering, and production of a horizontal large span building structure. This design process is done as a collaborative digital design in a multidisciplinary group of students in which each student has his/her own different responsibility. The collaborative digital design requires an integrated 3D approach based on BIM (Building Information Modeling) principles, performance analysis, and file to factory processes.

It is given once a year covers the entire weekly timetable. It is a team project, and each team comprises of specialists: An architect, a construction engineer, a facade designer and a digital informatics manager. Together they need to come up with a stadium design which is detailed, calculated and optimized.

The students are gathered in a studio throughout the day, while the tutors constantly come and go. Each specialist is consulting his tutor in his field of expertise and then needs to come back to the team and find a way to integrate the content of the consult with the rest of the team. The group has to face great challenges caused by various opinions and the overall complexity of designing a mega-structure.

One of our favorite things about the programme given for the stadium was the requirement to integrate the stadium and the city. Initially, it sounds like a contradiction - a stadium is introverted by its nature. For the spectators the focal point is inside the stadium and since the building should house as many seats as possible, a tall solid mass is created that does not communicate with the surrounding city.

Our proposal suggests the creation of a split stadium. Partly covered in ground and partly floating over the pitch. A volcano and a smoke ring if you may. The first ring, as well as the pitch, the parking lot and several other functions are slightly submerged and covered until a height of about 15 meters in artificial soil, acting as a green roof, with only the entrances

peaking out of it. Above the top of the first seat ring, a 10 meter gap would allow a continuous view of the city through the stadium, from the city into the stadium and from the stadium towards the city. The top seating ring would be concealed in a light-as-possible construction, that would appear to be floating over the hill, making it iconic, memorable and unique. The smoke ring would be fixed on a set of columns that would include the horizontal moment axis, the stairs and the lifts. The top structure would also include the VIP rooms and some of the functions the sustainable approach taken in this concept is of a more social nature.

We look at the connection with the city and the transparency as values of great importance in the relation to the context,and enables the community to

feel greater connection to the place, that is open to all, not only for the paying crowd, the new sloped created would encourage new uses instead of the conventional carpet of parking lots surrounding most stadiums. This green strip continues the master plans intention of creating an urban part, making the mountain a focal point in it.

The Desgin 12

34

56

78

A

Splitting the stadium to two parts, allowing a view of the city through the building.

Concepts and Programme

12

34

56

78

A

(24/7)2

Yearly usage analysis clearly show that times in which the stadium is used in its full 67,000 seat capacity are surprisingly marginal - barely 0.8% of the time. Therefore it becomes nothing more than

a white elephant if approached in the traditional nature. Our conclusion was that the full size stadium was a temporary state, and should be designed as such. Allowing other functions to become the main use

of the mega-structure would prevent it from becoming yet another urban void. By splitting the stadium in two halves that are able to operate independently, we create opportunity for two times*24/7 space use.

Years time

12

34

56

78

A

The top part of the stadium is a huge blimp. It acts as a roof, a sustainable energy production method, a VIP lounge and an unforgettable icon. Our artificial cloud is filed with water vapor in a volume that produces approximately 150 tons of net lift. The cloud supplies the heat needed to keep it floating via thermal collectors and uses the excess lift to produce electricity during the day. In most times the cloud would cover the stadium, but it could also fly around the city, follow the team in distant games and give temporary shade and rain protection to outdoor venues.

The hovering shell is hanged over a 10 meter gap above the mountain, allowing city dwellers to look through the stadium to the far Rotterdam skyline on the northern bank of the Maas. Suspended on slender trusses, the smoke ring is designed to appear as light as possible. Reflectively coated uPVC membranes clad the stadium, and the structural materials are stretched to the edge of their ability, in order to reduce the amount of materials and their weight.

The bottom part of our design is an artificial mountain. It keeps the large scale functions out of sight, and thus giving the majority of space back to the city. It enables the coexistence of two unrelated functions at most times: A market on top and an expo on the bottom. The mountain is covered mostly by a green roof, acting as thermal mass and reduces heat in an urban scale. The lighting slits are optimized according to the needs of the spaces beneath them.

12

34

56

78

A

Part 1 - The VolcanoThe bottom part of the stadium is submerged and acts mostly as an expo venue, Rotterdam is currently missing, and could benefit from the accessibility infrastructure constructed for the stadium - E.g. mass parking, heavy vehicle access, public transport etc.

The pitch that was selected for the stadium was artificial, and was installed on hydraulic pistons, allowing it to rise and descend according to the function needed. In full capacity games (67,000 spectators) the pitch would be lowered at the expanse or the expo area which would be disabled several days before and after the game. Temporary, demountable seating would be installed for a third of the desired capacity of the stadium.

Since the expo and other facilities covers a substantial area, and that area is concealed under the artificial slope, a method for utilizing and optimizing daylight was conceived and integrated into the design, as a method of energy saving. The goal of the optimization was to create openings which would allow the needed amount of light into the building, according to the functions under the slope. It was imperative to allow a controlled amount of light in, to preserve the smooth appearance of the slope as well as to avoid over-heating and glare. 300 Lux

250 Lux

200Lux

150 Lux

100 Lux

50 Lux

IV

III

II

I

Desired lighting level by functionBasic slope design, before optimization

Perforation esthetic approaches, No. III selected

Level 3

Level 2

Level 1

Level 0

005

5

1

16

6

2

27

7

3

38

8

4

4

0

05

5

1

16

6

2

27

7

3

38

8

4

4

0

05

5

1

16

6

2

27

7

3

38

8

4

4

0

05

5

1

16

6

2

27

7

3

38

8

4

4

I

II

III

IVPerforation logic:The slope was cut horizontally to curves and equally divided to small segments. The optimization software was given the freedom to move the resulted curves control points away (inwards) from the original curve up to a predefined limit. The amplitude of the vector was determined by the optimization for meeting the desired Lux criteria determined by the related function underneath the control point.

Maximum possible lighting (all apertures open fully) Light levels after optimization process.

Level 3Level 3

Level 2Level 2

Level 1Level 1

Level 0Level 0

12

34

56

78

A

Slope control points distribution Desired illuminance vectors translated as Z vectors Polar translation vectors translated as Z vectors, derived from the calculation

Optimized section

Resulting slope after optimization

12

34

56

78

A

Vector map representing the difference between the desired and existing light levels used for optimization

Translation amplitute of regions of effect, based on funciton needs

Radiance analysis of daylight in a verification blowup

Rendered view from expo under optimized slope.

12

34

56

78

A

Part 2 - The Smoke Ring10 meters above the sloped volcano floats the top tier. Our design intention was to keep the structure as light as possible, making it appear as light as possible. The top tier is able to fit 2/3 of the full capacity of the stadium, and would be used regularly for smaller matches (up to 40,000 spectators). The stadiums operation with the top tier only would be possible with the pitch fixed on its upper position, allowing the expo to operate below without interruption.

3D trusses cladded with a fabric tensile structure were selected to reduce the amount of material and weight to the minimum. The tier itself had to be made of heavy weight concrete to damp out the resonance that could have been created by the viewers cheering simultaneously, increasing the loads on the structure significantly.

The trusses were twisted to give the stadium a more dynamic appearance, and were solved statically by mutual supports between the trusses in the form of tension rods. The top part of the truss uses a compressed circumference truss to harness hoop forces to dramatically decrease the truss deformation, The same solution was applied on the out-most segment of the truss, only this time in tension.

12

34

56

78

A

3D impression of truss and tier structure

Eccentricity and bending moment, right: front view, inclination

Leading construction concept

The design was tested and calculated using ARUPs (Oasys) GSA finite element software package by connecting the parametric model gone in grasshopper to it.

The structure was tested for 8 different load cases in various combinations, taking into consideration the strong wind in the Rotterdam port area, rain and snow loads, spectators, and the load inflicted on the trusses by the tensile cladding.

The tensile cladding is based on a steel cable mesh that takes most of the load inflicted by wind and rain pushing and pulling against the foil. The Foil used is uPVC, coated with a protective and reflective metallic layer. The tensile membranes are installed between the twisted 3D trusses in a sawtooth pattern so to create transparent slits in the huge mass of the stadium.

To design the tensile structure form finding was used (energy relaxation algorithm) and curvature was constantly analyzed and calculated to unsure the loads would not exceed the fabrics tensile strength.

12

34

56

78

A

3D view of membranes long edge 3D view of the truss and the transparent ETFE foil

1. ETFE transparent foil2. Arched steel CHS1003. Fixed linear foil mount4. Open corners

2

3

4

1

The gap created between the membranes (one side of the truss) was clad with a transparent ETFE foil, suspended by an additional steel pipe which is bent to allow the foil to have more curvature. Each ETFE pattern is triangular and supported on two sides by the truss and the third is supported by the pipe. The corners are removed to avoid difficult connections of two linear foil mounts at 45o. The Entire skin is not completely weather proof and is regarded as semi outdoor space - no part of the stadiums top tier would be defined as interior space, but the spectators would be protected from rain (by the blimp roof) and wind (by the skin). Water dragged by wind would be blocked by this transparent foil.

A serious problem that needed to be solved is the drainage of rain water. The will to make the roof fly resulted in no possibility to directly drain the roof area using the normal methods. I have chosen to create a wide overlap between the roof and the skin, under which the skin is inclined upwards. The blobish roof would drain water to its edge, from which they would pour down on the skin, form which it would be drained directly through a unique fabric drain mounted in its edges.

1. uPVC membrane2. Steel wire3. Thermal weld between membranes4. Steel bar5. Winder6. uPVC gutter7. PET spring8. Spring sleeve

1

233

4

5

67

7831 3

12

34

56

78

A

Skin components

1. Fixed Edge (Details A,B)2. Cable Edge (Details D)3. Arched 3D Truss (Chapter 2)

1

2

3

21

Final design, Rmax = 33m

Cable mesh and support reactions. In white is an arbitrary membrane suspended from the mesh and its reaction forces.

fig.5.12: The sawtooth pattern of membrane connections resulting from different connection nodes, creating gaps and more curvature.

AB

C

D

D

Plan section (partial) of skin and truss system

1. 3D truss 3XCHS3502. uPVC membrane on cable mesh (see detail A,C)3. Fabric gutter (see detail B)4. Open metal gutter channel (see detail D)5. Metal pipe gutter connected to underground drainage

Elevation (partial)

Ooo....

54

3

2

2

3

1

1

Detail A - Truss connections

Plan section (partial) of skin and truss system

1. CHS350 main truss member2. CHS220 secondary truss members3. CHS180 diagonal truss bracing4. CHS100 bent foil support5. 38 intertwined steel cable6. Cable winder7. uPVC membrane (see detail B)8. Fabric gutter (see detail B)9. ETFE Foil

6

3

4

2

1

9

9

5

7

8

12

34

56

78

A

Detail B - Fabric gutter detail

Plan section (partial) of skin membrane connection to truss

3

6

9

2

5

8

11

1

4

7

10

12

14

13

15

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.

uPVC membraneCable mesh sleeve (see detail C)Alternating binding cable sleeves (see 5.16)10 Steel binding cable40mm thermal weld38 intertwined steel cablePET spring bar (see 5.17)Fabric gutterCompressed steel clamp80*8mm round edge bar12 Steel cableCable mount with screw winderCHS350 main truss memberFoil clampETFE foil

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

18 bent steel bar, threaded at ends.38 intertwined steel cable120*50*8mm bar10 Steel binding cableAnti-friction plate40mm thermal welduPVC membraneCable mesh sleeve (see detail C)Alternating binding cable sleeves (see 5.16)

Detail C - Cable mesh joint

Section (partial) of mesh joint

3

9

6

2

8

5

1

7

4

2

Membrane - cable - membrane connection

12

34

56

78

A

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.

Detail D - Bottom membrane edge

fig.5.49: Section through bottom edge of membrane and gutter 1/2.5@A4

uPVC membrane80mm thermal weld2mm bent galvanized steel plate 38 intertwined steel cable2mm bent galvanized steel cable clamp10 bolt, welded.2mm bent galvanized steel mount2mm neoprene layer

2

5

6

7

8

3

1

4

12

34

56

78

A

Blimp schematics

Part 3 - The CloudIn traditional stadium design, a full span roof is a huge construction effort, an even bigger effort is made if it needs to be able to open and close. The load resulting from the roofs own weight as well as wind and snow loads over the big, column less span construction are usually carried to the skin and tiers construction, adding significant forces that should be resisted by it.

Our design found a loophole: If the roof is a self sufficient aircraft, that can hover in mid air without supports, no load is transferred and thus the construction can be far lighter. Our blimp roof at its final iteration is a three layered non-rigid aircraft.

The blimp roof has many functions. Other then the standard functions of a roof its ability to fly enables to use it as a temporary roof for out door venues at any location close to the stadium. It could also be flown higher then its standard position to be used as a tourist attraction (vista), either as a stationary view or through a tour around the city in the balloon. The flying roof of the structure could be used also to follow the players in distant games, for moral support.

Same as the skin, the shape is a result of a form finding process, only this time, the inflation has replaced the role of the prestress. The over pressure required us to use synclastic shapes

for all parts that are inflated. The inflation is resisted by the fabric to an equilibrium. We have chosen to use a blimp rather then a zeppelin.

The blimps buoyancy is based on a system under development in the TU Berlin by a group called HeiDAS. In its base is the use of hot water vapor instead of Helium or Hydrogen of hot air to lift the blimp. Water vapor has about 70% of the buoyancy of Helium, and it is a much more sustainable choice. The energy used to heat the water to reach the needed 150oc comes directly from the sun, through thermal collectors located on the middle layer of the blimp, our calculations even show an extra lift power of about 517 tons, that is utilized to create electricity - the dependency on the sun creates a tidal movement we can utilize for conversion of the access lift power to electricity (fig 5.22). Even that in quantity the sum of electricity generated is not impressive by itself, (potntial of 21MWh), but it only an insignificant margin if you take into consideration that the entire aircraft is energy neutral in flight and navigation, not to mention the energy saved on the production of the construction.

1.2.3.4.5.

transparantblackopaque

H2O (l) -> H2O (g)

Daytime, RAISE of: - T- H2O (g)- lift capacity

Nighttime, DROP of: - T- H2O (g)- lift capacity

F FMechanical Work = F*dEnergy production:55000 Wh

d

transparantblackopaque

H2O (l) -> H2O (g)

Daytime, RAISE of: - T- H2O (g)- lift capacity

Nighttime, DROP of: - T- H2O (g)- lift capacity

F FMechanical Work = F*dEnergy production:55000 Wh

d

Exploded view of blimp Bouncy cycle and energy production.

Reduction of stress due to freeing the roof

Transparent ETFE layerPerforated tensioned fin systemThermal collectors with embedded water pipesOpaque uPVC layerRigid basket, containing machines as well asVIP rooms and lounges.

1

2

3

4

5

3D section through the inflated the tensioned fabric fines resist the inflation

12

34

56

78

A

12

34

56

78

A

Metro(nome)Project Description Music and sound museum on Berwald's AxisDate of presentation 07/2010 Semester 9,10 of Bachelor (graduarion)Tutors Arch. Horacio Schwartz, Arch. Galia Weiser

Arch. Dan Shumni, Dr. Eng. Rosa Frances.Status Shortlisted, Azrieli awards.

12

34

56

78

A

The context in which the building is situated is unique; A large urban terrace in front of the city hall with a wonderful view to Haifas port.

That same terrace is also a barrier, disconnecting Hadar neighborhood from Wadi Salib and downtown Haifa by a massive 20 meter high support wall.

Due to careless planning and negligence, the monumental axis was eroded over the

years and lost all its splendor.

The design strategy was simple and quite strait forward. Instead of erecting a building, I suggested to submerge one - To dig instead of build.

In this way the plot becomes a functional roof area which remains in the public realm, creating the missing connection to down town Haifa. A street was created following the gradual decent from the city hall into the Wadi. The new facades allows people to peek into the underground museum as well as enter it and its adjacent functions. The roof is the new street level, which doubles as an urban park and hosts a verity of meeting places and outdoor theater.

The injured Axis, much like an injured person, needs temporary crutch to regain functionality and vitality. Therefore an array of pavilions was designed across the renewed axis to recreate the lost continuity between the public buildings along it in the city dwellers mind. The Pavilions would host temporary exhibitions and connect the street to the museum.

Public Building across the axis:1. Science Museum (Technion)2. Funds Hall (Beth HaKranot)3. The State Comptroller4. City Hall5. Municipality Planning Comity6. Old City Operator (abandoned)7. Music Museum (proposed)8. Ministry of internal affairs (abandoned)9. Museum of Tolerance (Classmates proposal)10. New Haifa Court11. El Pasha Theater

* Pavilions along the axis

Urban Scheme Erosion of Berwalds axis

Site and Context

12

34

56

78

A

Phone operator

Shivat Tzion Street

Hadar HaCarmel

Berwalds Axis

Wadi Salib

-6.00

-7.00

+1.00

+9.00

+9.00

Wadi Square

Public Garden

Terrace

Museum Roof

SmallTheater

El Quiat street

+53.00 = 0.00

+12.00

+10.00

+5.00

Museum Square

Public Garden

Musical Brid

ge

Play and interaction

roofLishquat Gius

Square

Conservatorium

City hall square+12.00

+6.00

+6.00

ConservatoriumSquare

Public Garden

StageLarge Theater

City Hall

Parking lot entrance

State's Comptroller

Hassan Shukri street

Roof Plan Intervention Scheme

1. Existing garden facing north towards the Haifa seaport2. Slicing the plot3. Exposing new street facades4. Piercing thought the museum to create pavilions5. Pulling city hall square and urban terrace

Music and architecture are two fields in which chaos is put in order. Music is an ordered form of sound, while architecture is an ordered form of space.

Cosmos, or order, is a defined part of chaos, and is contained within it. While on the other hand, chaos is composed of a large number of superimposed orders.

The clash of chaos and cosmos is evident in the urban environment selected for the museum. Hadar HaCarmel is a modernist neighborhood built in the early 20th century under British mandate. This prime example of rational and ordered architecture is in immediate proximity to Wadi Salib an older, vernacular neighborhood, built without modern constraints and thus appear chaotic.

Music and Architecture

Site DiagramConcept Diagram

Section AA

Flow Diagram

12

34

56

78

A

Street Level View

Exonometric view

Display Pavilion

Shading Pavilion

Urban PlaygroundCaf Pavilion

Back glass facade

Musical bridge

Terrace

City Halls square

ConservatoriumRe-use of Ministry of internal affairs

Public garden

Entrance to museum

Outdoor theater

Workshop space

Auditory Library

Museum shop

Music exhibition space

Bottom entranceSmall outdoor theater

Museum square

The museum follows the logic of the relationship between sound and music, and is divided to two parts that form a loop: The chaotic part - a large, expressive space in which the visitors would experience sound and its physical properties, and suspended orthogonal boxes in which the visitors would learn and experience music.

The museum was designed is a way that would integrate the two different entities, Hadar and the Wadi, into a single composition - an ordered top part and a chaotic bottom, with a constant visual and auditory connection between them.

Interpretations of music and sound were also integrated in the dynamic faade, the bridge, the construction and lighting fixtures.

The project explores the relationships between the repetitive to the random, rhythm and city, as well as music to light.

The Museum

Schematic Section Of Pavilion

12

34

56

78

A

Music Gallery Exhibition Space

Temporary Display at a Pavilion

123

4

5

6

7 8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16 17

Floor Plan +6.00

12

34

56

78

A

Floor Plan 0.00

12

34

56

78

A

Soun

d G

alle

ry E

xhib

ition

Spa

ce

Drainage detail Section DDViews

12

34

56

78

A

Section DD

12

34

56

78

A

Model 1:250Interior Scheme Model 1:250

Models

Model 1:250

12

34

56

78

A

Model 1:50

12

34

56

78

A

Model 1:50

Tentative: Innovative Facade PrototypeProject description 1:1 Desgin and fabrication of a facade elementDate of presentation 1/2011 Semester 1 of Master'sTutors Ir. Arch. Peter van Swieten Costruction Ir. Andrew BorgartDesign team Nick Veerman, Itai Cohen

12

34

56

78

A

BackgroundDuring the first semester of the Building Technology and Architectural Engineering Masters tracks students are required to follow a 1:1 scale facade design and fabrication curriculum, nicknamed Bucky Lab - after buckminster Fuller who experimented in full scale with innovative prototypes.

The task is to design an innovative facade element and fabricate it. The design studio is supported by advanced structural mechanics, material science, CAD and workshop classes.

Each pair of students chooses a topic, research into it and develop a set of tools with which they would be able to eventually fabricate a full scale prototype of the design.

Unlike most student projects, this project was constraint by a budget clause, and each team had to stay within the 250 euro limit set by the faculty.

Section

The DesignThe programme given was to design an innovative facade for a cube-shaped office building. Since many office buildings built in the 70s are vacant in the Netherlands, instead of designing a new building, we have decided to develop a retrofit facade that would improve the envelope performance in the cold climate.

The facade had to be easy to apply and install, weighting as little as possible and allow a comfortable work environment to the inhabitants, with out-side view.

In order to achieve these goals, the construction method with the best ratio between span and material was chosen- fabric tensile structures.

Using the double facade principal with fabric would ensure high insolation while maintaining high relative transparency and low weight.

The Tentative facade consists of two layers. The external skin is a translucent PVC foil constructive skin, resisting the wind load as well as holding the cylindrical window element in place, and an inner layer which is made of transparent latex which is pressurized via an air duct which is embedded in the top and bottom rubber mounting strips.

For the prototype production the main focus was on the tensile foil as well as the window module.

Rubber gasket

Window

Pressurized layer

Section

12

34

56

78

A

The window module, which also function as the facades package before installation, is made of a perforated steel sheet, bent into a cylinder, symmetrically trimmed on both sides. Other then for ventilation, the tube acts as a compressed member, transferring loads from one membrane to the other, allowing for the pretension stresses to cancel each other.

Between modules a 300mm wide light aluminum truss would be placed and two perpendicular trusses in the buildings concerns.

For aesthetic diversity, modules could be rotated and flipped to create a non repetitive facede, if desired.

12

34

56

78

A

Static calculationsIn order to calculate the shape of the membranes, their patterns and the forces that act upon them, special software from the tensile structures world had to be utilized.

The first phase was to create the constraints and let a relaxation algorithm workout the soap-skin shape the membranes would take. Then, material properties are applied, curvature is analyzed and load cases are defined.

The process takes several iterations for the shape and prestress levels to get to acceptable stresses and deformations in the membrane.

Load cases combined: Sx

Load cases combined: Sy Load cases combined: principle stresses

Load cases combined: second principle stresses Load cases combined: direction principle stresses

Load cases combined: displacements Load cases combined: displaced shape

Load cases combined: Support reactions

Relaxed mesh and window

Assembly processI. Facade arrives packed inside the assembled window module

portfolio - itai cohen

Documents

solar decathlon entry

initial design phase

villa solar

home house

rosenheim house

fablab house

sustainable energy

international competition