portable instrumentation - tools and techniques …€¦ · •always use a portable cooler,...
TRANSCRIPT
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PORTABLE INSTRUMENTATION - TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE FOOD SAFETY INSPECTION MASSACHUSETTS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION
Bob Powitz - Sanitarian Sanitarian
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Introduction
• Estimating environmental conditions for proper application of portable instruments.
• Objectives of inspection and a brief review sampling strategies.
• Monitoring basics and data analysis.
• The scope, use and limitations of portable field instruments.
• A typical and atypical tool box.
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Inspections
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Inspections
• Definition
n. a checking or testing against established standards
• Criteria Develop a predictive model;
Gather empirical evidence;
Weigh and verifying findings;
Analyze results and drawing conclusions.
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Inspections
Inspections are Objective
Purpose ◦ Identify the change in circumstances or
arrangements whereby microorganisms or misplaced energy breach defenses and cause illness and injury.
◦ Identify failures in equipment and procedures; policy and practice, or human error.
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Monitoring
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Reasons for Monitoring
• Verify the existence and magnitude of an environmental health and safety condition;
• Document level of adherence to codes and standards;
• Determine effectiveness of control and corrective measures.
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Reasons for Monitoring
• Planning logistics;
• Refute or substantiate claims and complaints;
• Document “Action Levels”;
• Validate processes;
• Quality control, quality assurance and
quality improvement.
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Estimate - definition
1: to judge tentatively or approximate the value, worth or significance of …
2: to determine roughly the size, extent, or nature of …
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Estimate -
• syn ESTIMATE implies a judgment, considered or casual, that precedes or takes the place of actually measuring or counting or testing out.
• syn ASSESS implies a critical appraisal for the purpose of understanding or interpreting, or as a guide in taking action.
• BEST GUESS (estimate and assessment) is usually correct.
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Estimating Environmental Conditions
• There is no environmental uniformity …
all environments differ; even within themselves.
• Differences in both environmental quality and quantity are measurable.
• THERE IS NO TYPICAL ENVIRONMENT
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Sampling
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Rules of Sampling
To produce a sample or set of samples representative of the source under investigation.
Garbage In = Garbage Out
• Samples that are not representative of the source are of little use.
• Poor collection or detection procedures yield unrepresentative samples and contribute to the uncertainty of the analytical results.
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Sampling Strategies
Probability
• Errors can be calculated
• Easy to interpret
Non-probability
• Non random – biased?
• Difficult to interpret
• Errors cannot be calculated
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Sampling Classifications
Probability
• Systematic
• Random
Non-probability
• Convenience
• Judgmental
• “Snowball”
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Control and Site Selection
Controls: 1-3 per sample
– Use one control where condition is obvious
– Use three controls were condition is unknown
Site Selection: Would the act of sampling or testing at a given site disturb the immediate environment sufficiently to cause erroneous data to be collected, or, contaminate the product or process?
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Data Analysis
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Data Analysis and Classification of Observations
• Draw a central theme from the data;
• Answer questions that were posed before any samples were taken;
• Sort data and findings based on importance (significance) and relevance;
• Results must be traceable to requirements.
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Sampling description
• Introduction - statement of purpose
• Sampling data
• Ambient conditions and description of activities, etc.
• Date and time
• Person(s) on site
• Comments
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Instrumentation Basics
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Definition
Instrument- n.
A measuring device for determining the present value of a quantity under observation.
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What are Field Instruments?
A portable extension of the senses
Qualify: yes or no
Quantify: anything that is measurable. e.g. relative concentration, amplitude, energy, etc..
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Instrument Selection
• Portable, small, light weight, safe and rugged.
• Inexpensive and simple to operate.
• Easily decontaminated or easily protected from contamination (non-reactive).
• Easy to calibrate or validate.
• If powered, the unit should run on readily available batteries.
• Easy to read and interpret.
• Adherence to standards protocol.
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Pre-purchase Planning
• History of product, vendor or supplier.
• Storage and travel conditions. – temperature extremes and vibration
• Service Plan - factory service and calibration. – loaner equipment availability
• Availability of product and parts.
• Warranty, guarantee, discount and trade-in.
• Staff training and user manual.
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Calibration / Validation Schedule
Before each use - all equipment used routinely and repeatedly.
Thermometers
Electronic measuring devices
Any equipment that is easy to calibrate or validate
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Preventive Maintenance
• Policy and procedures for use, transport and storage of all field instruments.
• Specification log include vendor, date of purchase, warranty
information, maintenance, repair and service
• Document staff training. particularly if used for making legal measurements
• Document storage conditions.
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Tool Box
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Thermometry
Basic essential thermometers HACCP kit K-probes
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Thermometer calibration and validation
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Defining Potentially Hazardous Foods - Time/Temperature Control for Safety (PHF/TCS)
paWkit for measuring water activity (aw) Color-change pH indicators
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Sper pH meter kit with flat probe
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Brix/Salinity and UV lamps
Salinity and Brix Refractometers Portable Battery and High
Intensity UV lamps
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Measuring Environmental conditions
Mini Environmental Quality Meter Air velocity, temperature, RH and light Electrical Safety
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Assessing Cleanliness
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ATP monitoring system
“Dirt test” Luminometer ATP swabs
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Practical Water Quality
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Odds and Ends
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Thermometry and Air Flow
Lollypop Thermister Borozin Gun
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Tricks of the trade
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Things I’ve leaned … the hard way
• Always operate equipment before use.
• Change alkaline batteries monthly on all electronic thermometers; remove all batteries when not in use.
• Maintain calibration/validation and service records in a hardbound notebook.
• Keep a ring binder with copies of equipment instructions.
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More things I’ve leaned … the hard way
• Store electronic equipment in a protective case.
• Always use a portable cooler, thermal tote or chest cooler when traveling. Maintain equipment at room temperature.
• Clean (and sanitize) exterior of equipment after use.
• Never loan out equipment.
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Even more things I’ve leaned … the hard way
• Plan all inspections and sampling operations moving from “clean” to “soiled”.
• Carry several bi-metal dial thermometers to all inspections (consider equilibration times).
• Carry at least two IR thermometers; condition one in refrigerator.
• Whenever possible, double check critical readings with another instrument. (IR → thermocouple)
• Record all readings to include margin of instrument error, e.g. 41°± 2°F.
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… and one last field instrument
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Epilog … While we have not succeeded in answering
all your problems.
The answers we have found only serve to raise a whole set of new questions.
In some ways we feel we are as confused as ever, but we sincerely believe we are confused on a higher level and about more important things.
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