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Aporous medium(or aporous material) is a material containingpores(voids). The skeletal portion of the material is often called the "matrix" or "frame". The pores are typically filled with afluid(liquidorgas). The skeletal material is usually asolid, but structures likefoamsare often also usefully analyzed using concept of porous media.A porous medium is most often characterised by itsporosity. Other properties of the medium (e.g.,permeability,tensile strength,electrical conductivity) can sometimes be derived from the respective properties of its constituents (solid matrix and fluid) and the media porosity and pores structure, but such a derivation is usually complex. Even the concept of porosity is only straightforward for a poroelastic medium.Often both the solid matrix and the pore network (also known as the pore space) are continuous, so as to form two interpenetrating continua such as in asponge. However, there is also a concept of closed porosity andeffective porosity, i.e., the pore space accessible to flow.Many natural substances such asrocksandsoil(e.g.,aquifers,petroleum reservoirs),zeolites,biological tissues(e.g.bones,wood,cork), and man made materials such ascementsandceramicscan be considered as porous media. Many of their important properties can only be rationalized by considering them to be porous media.The concept of porous media is used in many areas of applied science and engineering:filtration,mechanics(acoustics,geomechanics,soil mechanics,rock mechanics),engineering(petroleum engineering,bio-remediation,construction engineering),geosciences(hydrogeology,petroleum geology,geophysics),biologyandbiophysics,material science, etc.Fluidflowthrough porous media is a subject of most common interest and has emerged a separate field of study. The study of more general behaviour of porous media involving deformation of the solid frame is calledporomechanics. Recently, Indian scientist,Abhishek Gandhi,developed porousAcrylonitrile butadiene styrenematerials by usingcyclic microcellular foamingtechnique followed byUltrasoundtreatment.[1]Pore structure models[edit]There are many idealized models of pore structures. They can be broadly divided into three categories: networks ofcapillaries, arrays of solid particles (e.g.,random close packof spheres). trimodal Open cell ceramicSee also[edit] Nanoporous materials NMR in porous media Percolation theory Reticulated foamReferences[edit]1. Jump up^Gandhi, Abhishek. "Ultrasound assisted cyclic solid-state foaming for fabricating ultra-low density porous acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene foams".Materials Letters94(94): 7678.doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2012.12.024.