populism and protest: section 4.3 labor violence
TRANSCRIPT
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Populism and Protest:
Section 4.3Labor Violence
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Review
• What characterizes a market economy?
• What characterizes a command economy?
• What is Social Darwinism?
• What is a monopoly?
• What is horizontal integration?
• What is vertical integration?
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Factory Work
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By the end of this lesson you will be able to:
• Explain why laborers organized by identifying the condition under which they worked.
• Identify the significant labor unions, people who led them, and analyze their impact on the labor movement.
• Explain how several violent confrontations gave labor a bad and radical image and created a backlash against the movement.
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Describe the working conditions endured by factory workers.
• Dangerous
• 12-14 hour
• 6 days a week
• Fired for any reason
• No sick days, health insurance, workers compensation
• Children from age 5
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What options did the workers have? • Can they appeal to
their bosses?
• Can they petition the government?
• NO!!!
• They can UNITE
• Vote with ONE voice– Protest?– Go on strike?
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What are unions?
• Union= Organization in which workers band together to form a collective voice to gain better pay, conditions, etc.
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What methods do unions and employees use to fight each other?
Unions Weapons
• Strike= a work stoppage
• Boycott= organized agreement not to buy from certain company
Employer Weapons• Lockout= when the
employee closes his business to force workers to abide by his rule
• Scab= worker hired to break a strike
• Injunction- government order to stop strike
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What was the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
• Less radical labor union– Non violent methods– Strikes and boycotts
• Accepted capitalism
• Wanted “Piece of the Pie”
• Led by Samuel Gompers
Where would the AFL fall on the political spectrum?
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What happened at the Haymarket Riot (1886)?
• 1 thousand workers held rally at Haymarket square to protest murder of workers by police
• Bomb thrown
• killed 7 cops, injured dozens
• Cops killed 10 protesters, injured dozens
• 4 radical leaders hanged (with little evidence)
How do you think the public viewed labor unions at this point?
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• Steel workers at Carnegie’s mill went on strike after wages were lowered
• Frick (Boss) hired 300 Pinkerton guards to protect scab workers
• Killed several workers• Strike failed• Tarnished Carnegie’s
image
Describe the Homestead Strike (1892).
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Describe the Homestead Strike.
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Describe the Pullman strike.• George Pullman controlled all
facets of his workers lives– Cut wages (by 33%) during
Panic of 1893• Eugene V. Debs
– Leader of American Railway Union
– Ordered workers not to connect Pullman cars
– AFL refused to join them• Cleveland issued an
injunction (order to stop strike)
Where is Cleveland on the political spectrum?
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Who was Big Bill Haywood?• Labor leader of the IWW
(Industrial Workers of the World) or the Wobblies
• A radical socialist• Called for “One Big
Union”• "Eight hours of work,
eight hours of play, eight hours of sleep-- eight hours a day!"
• Fled US in 1921 during espionage trial to Russia
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Which side of the economic spectrum is Haywood?
• Fellow Workers, this is the Continental Congress of the working-class. We are here to confederate the workers of this country into a working-class movement that shall have for its purpose the emancipation of the working-class from the slave bondage of capitalism. The aims and objects of this organization shall be to put the working-class in possession of the economic power, the means of life, in control of the machinery of production and distribution, without regard to capitalist masters
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What factors are keeping unions from gaining power?
• Government
– Laissez faire
• Public opinion
– Viewed as violent radicals
• Exclusion of minorities
• Women, African Americans, immigrants, unskilled workers