populations. size difficult to measure as many organisms are mobile. sample size scientists count...
TRANSCRIPT
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Populations
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Size Difficult to measure as many organisms
are mobile. Sample size
Scientists count how many individuals in a small area and multiplied that by the total area.
Only an estimate. Why?
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Density How crowded a population with in a
particular location is. Expressed as a # of individuals per unit
of area or volume Ex: 100 people per square kilometer.
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THINK ABOUT IT!!! Which one would be more densely
populated?
a) 50 people per square meter
b) 500 people per square kilometer
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Dispersion Spatial Distribution of individuals in a
population Clumped-organisms clustered together
• Resource availability & social behavior (herding) Uniform-fairly evenly distributed
• Some organisms avoid others in the populations Random-location of each individual is
independent of the others in the population• rare
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Growth Rates Dependent upon birth rate, death rate,
immigration & emigration Per capita = per 1,000 individuals in the
population Ex: birth rate = 52 births = 52/1,000 =
.052 births per capita per yeardeath rate = 14 deaths = 14/1,000
=.014 deaths per capita per
year
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Equation
Birth rate – death rate = growth rate
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THINK ABOUT IT!!! What is the per capita growth rate if the
birth rate is 52 and the death rate is 14?
In a population of 50,000, how many INDIVIDUALS will the population increase by?
0.038
1,900
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Exponential Growth In a positive per capita growth rate,
each generation produces a larger amount of individuals than the previous generation.
The RATE at which the population grows, increase over time.
J-curve
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Limiting Factors Biotic and abiotic factors that limit
population growth. Abiotic factors include water, space,
shelter, weather Biotic factors include predation,
competition, disease
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Logistic Growth Population will grow exponentially
until limiting factors regulate it. S-curve Carrying capacity-the number of
individuals the environment can support over a long period of time. When carrying capacity is reached,
birth rate = death rate and no growth is occuring. Fluctuates with changes in the
environment (greater when prey/food is abundant and smaller when prey/food is scarce.