population – group of individuals of the same species living in the same area, potentially...
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Population – group of individuals of the same speciesliving in the same area, potentially interacting
Community – group of populations of different speciesliving in the same area, potentially interacting
What are some ecological interactions?
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Why are ecological interactions important?
Interactions can affect distribution and abundance.
Interactions can influence evolution.
Think about how the following interactions can affectdistribution, abundance, and evolution.
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Types of ecological interactions
competition
predation
parasitism
mutualism
commensalism
symbiosis
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Competition – two species share a requirement for alimited resource reduces fitness of one or both species
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Predation – one species feeds on another enhancesfitness of predator but reduces fitness of prey
herbivory is a form ofpredation
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Parasitism – one species feeds on another enhancesfitness of parasite but reduces fitness of host
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Mutualism – two species provide resources or servicesto each other enhances fitness of both species
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Commensalism – one species receives a benefit fromanother species enhances fitness of one species; noeffect on fitness of the other species
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Symbiosis – two species live together can includeparasitism, mutualism, and commensalism
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Organizing ecological interactions
effect on species 1
effect onspecies 2
+ 0 -
+
0
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mutualism
predationherbivoryparasitism
predationherbivoryparasitism
commensalism
commensalism
competition
competition
competition