popdev (basic concepts)
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People-Centered Local
Development Planning
Population and Development (POPDEV)
Jeremias L. Cabasan
Information Officer III
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“
”
The everyday activities of all humanbeings, communities and countries are
interrelated with population change,patterns and levels of use of natural
resources, the state of theenvironment, and the pace and quality
of social and economic development
B ACKGROUND
1994 International Conference on Population and Development
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Populationaffects
developmentand
Development affects people
The BasicPremise
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What do we meanby POPULATION?
• The NUMBER or SIZE of thepopulation (how many people arethere)
• The AGE COMPOSITION of thepopulation (how old or young thepopulation is)
• The SEX COMPOSITION of thepopulation (how many are malesand females)
• The SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION of the
population (where are people
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• FERTILITY – number of livebirths in the locality
• MORTALITY - deaths in thelocality
• MIGRATION – movement of
people from and to an area forpurposes of establishingresidence
What EVENTS directly affectPOPULATION?
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POPULATIONOUTCOMES
1)SIZE2)STRUCTURE 3)DISTRIBUTION
• FERTILITY – refers tothe live births that
occurred in the locality• MORTALITY - refers to
the deaths of population
• MIGRATION – refers tothe movement ofpopulation into or out ofan area for purposes ofestablishing residence
POPULATIONEVENTS OR
PROCESSES
The relationship ofpopulation
outcomes and
population eventsor processes
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Some information onpopulation
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YEAR POPULATION SIZE AVERAGE RATE OF
INCREASE (%)1960 27,087,685 2.89
1970 36,684,486 3.08
1975 42,070,660 2.78
1980 48,098,460 2.71
1990 60,703,206 2.35
1995 68,616,536 2.32
2000 76,504,077 2.36
2010 92.34 Million 2.12
Source: National Statistics Office
The population grows by leaps and bounds.
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80 & over
75 - 79
70 - 74
65 - 69
60 - 64
55 - 59
50 - 54
45 - 49
40 - 44
35 - 39
30 - 34
25 - 29
20 - 24
15 - 1910 - 14
5 - 9
0 - 4
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
(Percent to Total Population)
FemaleMale
Age Group
Source: NSO, 2010 Census of Population and Housing
The population is generally young
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B i r t h s p e r w o m a n
For Women of Reproductive Age, theaverage number of children is 3.
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
209172
162
NDHS 93
NDHS 98
FPS 06
WHO
200
High maternal mortality ratio or about 3-5T women dying/year
Sources: NDHS 1993 & 1998. FPS 2006, WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA: “Maternal Mortality in 2000”.
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Over half of yearly maternal deathsare unreported, invisible
OtherComplications
19%
Hypertension13%
Postpartumhemorrhage
8%Pregnancy with
abortiveoutcome
4%
Uncounted56%
Recorded Maternal Deaths inCivil Registry, 2002 (uncounteddeaths calculated from WHO2000 estimate less registryrecorded deaths)
Sources: http://www.doh.gov.ph/data_stat/html/maternal_deaths.htm
and “Maternal Mortality in 2000” by WHO, UNICEF & UNFPA
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Childbirth among poorest womenunattended by skilled attendants
0
20
40
60
80
100
Poorest Second Middle Fourth Richest
1998
2003
Sources: Gwatkin, et al “Socio -Economic Differences in Health,Nutrition and Population in the Philippines”, 2000. NDHS 2003.
% of births attended by skilled attendants according to wealthquintilesin 1998 & 2003
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46% of 3.1 M BirthsUnplanned/Unwanted (AGI-UPPI Study)
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Many women having inducedabortion are poor, married and
Catholic
Poor 68%
Non Poor 32%
Married 91%
Non Married 9%
W/ 3+ children 57%
W/ <3 children 43%Non Catholic 13%
Catholic 87%
Profile of women who have abortion according to economicstatus, marital status, no. of children and religion
Source: UPPI-AGI, Unintended Pregnancy and Abortion in the Phil ., 2006
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Total
Wanted TFR TFR
Wanted and Actual Fertility Rates, bypoverty status
3.5
2.5
Filipino women have one child morethan their desired number ofchildren
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There is a gap between the wantedfertility and actual fertility.
1993 NDHS
1998 NDHS
2003 NDHS
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Poor women have the highest
unmet need for FP
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Total
17.3
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23
1.0 old6.5 young
10 working-age persons (15-59 years old)
Filipinos have manydependents
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Benchmark ICPDIndicators
Baseline(1990 or closest to1990)
Current Level(or yearclosest to2008)
Target by2015
ContraceptivePrevalence Rate40% (1993) 50.7 %
(2006)80%
Unmet need forfamily planning
26.2% (Total)12.4% (Spacing)13.8%(Limiting)
15.7 % (Total-2006)
< 7%
AdolescentFertility (15-19who have begunchildbearing)
6.3 % (2006)
Access to Family Planning is very low.
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Clients*
Providers• Counseling and communication skills gap• Lack of FP supplies within areas with high unmet need• Non-initiation of discussion on FP with clientsLocal chief executives• Political Will
Lack of correctinformation
from the rightsource
*2011 FHS
Hard to get method 16.2%
Fear of side effects15.5%
Health concerns 6.5%
Poor financial andgeographical access
2.6%
Husband/partneropposes
3.2% Poor maleinvolvement
Reasons for Non-Use of
FP
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Life Expectancy has increased.
Year Life expectancy at birthMale Female Gender Diff
(F-M)1970 57.3 61.5 4.2
1980 59.7 65.1 5.4
1990 62.2 67.4 5.2
1995 64.4 67.8 3.4
2002 66.9 72.2 5.3
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Overseas employment rate has beenincreasing.
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What isDEVELOPMENT?
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Development isthe sustainedcapacity toachieve a betterquality of life
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Quality of life involves the
CAPACITY & ABILITY :
TO DOTO BE
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Capacities TO DO:• to do productive and rewarding
work (increased employment)• to enjoy nature in its pristine form
(improved environmentalprotection)
• to enjoy interaction with friends,family and other members of thecommunity (reduction of stigmarelated to certain diseases)
• to migrate to take advantage ofeconomic and socialopportunities (productivemigration)
• to bear and rear childrenachievement of desired fertilit
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• to be free from premature death
(reduced mortality)• to be free from preventable
illness (reduced morbidity)• to be well-nourished (improved
nutritional status)• to be able to communicateideas and feelings (increasedliteracy)
• to be knowledgeable and skillful(increased education andtraining)
• to be free from physical harm(improved security)
Capacities TO BE:
THESE ARE DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES
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What is Population
and DevelopmentIntegration?
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Populationaffects
developmentand
Development affects people
The BasicPremise
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Population and
Development is theexplicit consideration of
population factors indevelopment initiatives
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POPULATION and DEVELOPMENT FACTORS areINTERRELATED and INTERDEPENDENT
Population Outcomes Population sizeAge and sexcompositionSpatial distribution
Development Processes(Capacity to do:)
Produce and consumegoods and servicesSave, invest and spend
Employ humanresources
Population Processes FertilityMortalityMigration
Development Outcomes
(Capacity to be:) Wealthy (Incomedistribution), Employed,Educated, HealthyEnvironmental qualityand quantityWell-being
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Population Outcomes
Population sizeAge and sexcompositionSpatial distribution
Development Processes(Capacity to do:)
Produce and consumegoods and servicesSave, invest and spendEmploy humanresourcesUse ENR
PopulationSize
• What and how many goods andservices to produce
• Affects capacity to avail andconsume goods and services
• Determines level of savings andinvestments
• Determines the size of labor forceand types of employment
• Determines pressure to ENR
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Why do we need to know thesize of population?
• To know the quantityof services we shouldoffer (how many peopleare needing certainservices)
• How many peopleare affected by adevelopment problem
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Population Outcomes Population sizeAge and sexcompositionSpatial distribution
Development Processes(Capacity to do:)
Produce and consumegoods and services
Save, invest and spendEmploy humanresourcesUse ENR
Age & Sexcompositionof the
population
• What goods and services toproduce (different needs)
• Determines types ofemployment
• Determines pressure to ENR(e.g. lifestyles)
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Why do we need to know thecomposition of the
population?• The composition of populationtells who are affected by aproblem
• Development needs differ by ageand sex
• Children have different needs
from that of adult or elderlypopulation
• Women have different needs
from that of men
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Population Outcomes Population sizeAge and sexcompositionSpatial distribution
Development Processes(Capacity to do:)
Produce and consumegoods and services
Save, invest and spendEmploy humanresourcesUse ENR
Populationdistribution(location of
the people)
• What to produce and How goodsand services are distributed
• Determines types of employment
• Determines pressure to ENR (e.g.encroachment)
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Why do we need to know the location orspatial distribution of population?
• Population distribution determinewhere the services should bedistributed
• Development needs andaccessibility of services differ bylocation
• People in the rural areas havepoorer socio-economicconditions compared to thosein the urban
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Population Outcomes Population sizeAge and sexcompositionSpatial distribution
Development Processes(Capacity to do:)
Produce and consumegoods and servicesSave, invest and spendEmploy humanresourcesUse ENR
Population Processes FertilityMortality
Migration
Development Outcomes(Capacity to be:)
Wealthy (Incomedistribution), Employed,Educated, HealthyEnvironmental qualityand quantityOther well-beingindicators
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Population Processes
FertilityMortality
Migration
Development Outcomes(Capacity to be:)
Wealthy (Incomedistribution), Employed,Educated, HealthyEnvironmental quality andquantity
Level ofeducation,income and
employmentstatus
• Poor women have higherfertility and closer birthspacing
• Mortality is higher among
the poor• People usually move in
search for greener pasture
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Population Processes
FertilityMortality
Migration
Development Outcomes(Capacity to be:)
Wealthy (Incomedistribution), Employed,Educated, HealthyEnvironmental quality andquantity
Healthstatus
• Health conditions of womenaffect fertility decisions
• Health status determinesmortality level
• Health is a major considerationfor migration decisions
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Population Processes
FertilityMortality
Migration
Development Outcomes(Capacity to be:)
Wealthy (Incomedistribution), Employed,Educated, HealthyEnvironmental quality andquantity
ENRQuality
• ENR affects fertility throughlocation and environmentalinfections affecting health
• Environmental contaminations
and infections affects health• Location of people affects
migration decisions
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POPULATION and DEVELOPMENT FACTORS areINTERRELATED and INTERDEPENDENT
Population Outcomes Population sizeAge and sexcompositionSpatial distribution
Development Processes(Capacity to do:)
Produce and consumegoods and servicesSave, invest and spendEmploy humanresourcesUse ENR
Population Processes
FertilityMortalityMigration
Development Outcomes
(Capacity to be:) Wealthy (Incomedistribution), Employed,Educated, HealthyEnvironmental qualityand quantityWell-being
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The conditionof the peopletells whatkind ofservices anddevelopmentwe have
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What is DevelopmentPlanning?
a collective effort of thelocality to enable PEOPLEto chart and achieve their
needs and aspirations
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WHAT IS POPDEV INTEGRATION IN DEVELOPMENT P LANNING ?
The explicit consideration ofpopulation and development
(socio-economic, demographic,physical, cultural, etc.)
interrelationships in the entireplanning process
Generating New
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Settingthe
Vision
DeterminingCurrent Reality
in the LGU
ExtractingIntelligence
DeterminingPolicy Options
Generating NewInformation (Observed
Conditions)
Setting Goals,Objectives &
Targets
Screening of PPAs/Legislations Structuring
Solutions
InvestmentProgramming
Budgeting
Implementing thePlan/ Enforcing
Regulations
Plan Monitoringand Evaluation
SimpleGoals ComplexGoals
LEGISLATIVEAGENDA
Determining Vision– Reality Gap
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PEOPLE
are the SUBJECT andOBJECT OF
DEVELOPMENT
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POPDEV Integration isbasically…
“Putting PEOPLE atthe center of
DEVELOPMENT ”
W POPDEV
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WHAT IS POPDEV APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT P LANNING ?
• POPDEV approach is a WAY ofTHINKING and DOING
THINGS• An approach of putting people –
their needs and well-being – at thecenter of development or theprimary consideration for developmentplanning
WHAT IS POPDEV APPROACH TO
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POPDEV Integration is:
• Not ONLY us ing p opu lat ion as a demandvar iable but lo ok s a t people as the acto rs andend benef ic iar ies of d evelop m ent act ivi t ies
• Not ONLY con cerned on achiev ing po pu lat iongo als bu t on h ow these go als cont r ibu te todevelopment
• Not ONLY focused on fam i ly p lann ing o rpop u lat ion p rograms bu t o n w ha t arepo pula t ion in tervent ions tha t cont r ibu tes todevelopm ent go a ls and v ice versa
WHAT IS POPDEV APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT P LANNING ?
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POPDEV Approach toPlanning DOES NOTrequire a separate
PLAN
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POPDEV in planning
means… • Looking at how population factorsis affected by development and inturn how people affect development
• Does my resources provide for the welfare ofmy entire constituents?
• Who are the most vulnerable and at-riskpopulation?
• What needs of the population should Iaddress first?
• How would my program affect the welfare of
the people?
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…to make POPDEV Integrationan effective tool for
development…we need toknow:
• What problem is affecting thepeople?
• Who are affected?• Where are the affected
population located?
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• POPDEV approach to ensures:
• More comprehensive description of the people,locality and the situations and conditions thatsurround them (using the POPDEV frameworks)
• Deeper analysis of:
• the interacting population and developmentfactors that affect a certain problem condition
• WHO, WHERE, and HOW MANY are theaffected and target population, the extent oftheir problem, and the factors that broughtthis problem
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• POPDEV approach to ensures:
• Deeper analysis of the potentialimpact of identified programs andprojects
• Identification of more responsive,equitable and effective interventions(policy and programs)
• Greater efficiency in resourceallocation
CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION
By explicit integration of population anddevelopment dimensions indevelopment planning we can gain
•GREATER EFFECTIVENESS OFPROGRAMS AND PROJECTS
•GREATER EFFICIENCY OFRESOURCE ALLOCATION
•GREATER EQUITY-IMPACT AMONG TARGET POPULATION
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POPULATION andDEVELOPMENT Integration
is basically…
“Putting PEOPLE atthe center of
DEVELOPMENT ”