pop musician

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PoP MuSicianBy Don Rauf

and Monique Vescia



Virtual Apprentice: Pop Musician

Copyright © 2008 by Bright Futures Press

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including

photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Ferguson

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ISBN-10: 0-8160-6752-X

ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-6752-7

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Rauf, Don.

Virtual apprentice : pop musician / Don Rauf and Monique Vescia.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.

ISBN 0-8160-6752-X (hc : alk. paper)

1. Popular music—Vocational guidance—Juvenile literature. I. Title: Pop musician. II. Vescia, Monique. III. Title.

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2006007969

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conTenTS

inTroDucTion Welcome to the World of Pop Musicians! 4

cHaPTer 1 Soundtrack to Your Life 6

cHaPTer 2 Pop Star at Work 14

cHaPTer 3 Pop Tech and Trends 22

cHaPTer 4 Pop Star in Training 30

cHaPTer 5 Background Music 38

cHaPTer 6 Kids Ask, Pop Stars Answer 48

cHaPTer 7 Pop Musician For a Day 56

aPPenDiX More Resources for Pop Musicians 62

inDeX 64



4

Music, dance, applause, travel, big bucks.What’s not to love about being a pop musician? What you

don’t see when you watch your favorite musicians performing

are all the years of hard work, practice, and sacrifice they en-

dured to make it to the top of the heap. Despite the grind and

plenty of disappointments, they kept at it because they love

performing. Many pop artists say they have no choice. The

musician Seal once said, “Singing is like breathing for me, and

so it is something I must do.”

Do you dream of becoming the next Kelly Clarkson or

Chris Brown? This is the place to find out how. Start with a

fascinating intro to the music biz, then spend an imaginary

day on the road promoting your hot new album. Got what it

takes? Check it out, find out more, and stop to do a reality

check now and then. Take some time to explore the indus-

try’s technology and trends, look into how to get ready for the

climb to the top of the “top ten” charts, and get acquainted

with some of the people who make music happen. Then listen

in as kids a lot like you ask real pop stars JoJo and B5 what

it’s really like to do what they do. Finish up with the ultimate

virtual-pop-musician-for-a-day experience!

Let’s get the show on the road!

i n T r o D u c T i o n



Is a wildly successful pop music career in your future?



6

You know it when you hear it, don’t you?It’s that bouncy, catchy love song that drifts out of every pass-

ing car radio and lodges like a happy fishhook in your brain

for the rest of the day. It’s what your ears crave, what you

download onto your iPod, share with your friends, and listen

to every night as you drift off to zzzzz… It’s pop music, and

chances are you want to hear it 24/7.

The term pop music is short for popular music, which

means that lots of people like it and listen to it. The first shaggy

humanoid to pound out a funky beat on a hollow log and en-

tertain an audience of fellow cave dwellers could be called the

first pop musician, Shakira’s stinky ancestor. But pop music is

also a term for a specific kind of contemporary music featur-

ing simple melodies with choruses that are easy for listeners to

remember and sing along with.

Pop songs usually have a hook, a musical idea repeated

throughout the song that grabs the listener’s interest. A hookmight be a catchy rhythm, an infectious piece of melody, a

memorable chorus, or maybe a combination of all three. And

you’ve probably noticed by now that it seems like 99 out of

100 pop songs are about one thing: love.

c H a P T e r 1

the beales’Sgt. Pepper’s loneyHearts Cu band ,released in 1967, was he firs recordalum o feauresong lyrics prinedinside he cover.

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Chances are you’ve pictured yourself behind the microphone,

singing your heart out while thousands of adoring fans chant yourname and mouth the words to your songs. You’ve probably lip-

synched along with the radio or rapped into a bar of soap in the

shower—to an admiring audience of shampoo bottles! That fanta-

sy comes true every day for pop superstars like Jennifer Hudson

and Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day, or so it seems. But what’s

it really like to inhabit the skin of a pop musician?

Just like you, your favorite musicians

probably weren’t born famous. Most pop

musicians who manage to reach the top

of the charts get there through a combina-

tion of unshakable self-confidence, plenty

of natural talent, years of hard work, anda little luck. The inventor Thomas Edison

famously said that genius is 5 percent in-

spiration and 95 percent perspiration. Re-

vise that equation to 5 percent luck and

195 percent effort and you’ve got an idea

of what you’ll need to make it into the

Billboard Hot 100.

a H th KngTake Elvis Presley, for instance. The most

famous pop musician of all time, who

would one day be known simply as “the

King,” was just a nineteen-year-old deliv-

ery truck driver in 1954 when he walked

into Sun Studios in Memphis, Tennessee,

How thick is your skin?When you finish

singing your heart outin the middle school talent show, the onlyperson clapping is your four-year-oldrother! Do you:

a burst into tears and lock yourselfin the athroom until it’s time to starthigh school — preferaly on a different

planet?B Smile to yourself as you picture the

look on everyone’s face when you steponstage to accept your fourth Grammyaward of the night?

“Bydefinitionpopisextremely

catchy,whetheryoulikeitornot.”—KurT cobAin

realiTcHecK



V I R T U A L A P P R E N T I C E : P o P M u S i c i a n

and recorded a song called “That’s All Right.” Producer Sam

Phillips wanted to find a white singer who sounded black and El-

vis, who grew up in Mississippi and Memphis listening to gospel

music and street blues, fit the bill. In the 1950s, plenty of white

people liked African-American music, but social attitudes of the

time frowned on the blending of black and white audiences.

8

Decades later, Elvis Presley is still considered the “king” of

pop music.

How would your name look inlights? Go online tohttp://www.popstarname.com andgenerate your ownpop, rock, rap, orcountry star name.

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S O U N D T R A C K T O Y O U R L I F

Like most pop stars, Elvis wasn’t an overnight sensation.Though he played and performed music from an early age, Elvis

spent a lot of time touring and playing small shows around the

South before his particular brand of music and showmanship re-

ally caught on. The first recordings Elvis made at Sun Studiosdidn’t impress producer Sam Phillips. And the first time Elvis

performed at the famous country music venue the Grand Ole

Opry in Nashville, he really bombed!

Eventually, though, Elvis’s blend of soulful vocals, good

looks, and groovin’ moves, grabbed the world’s attention. “Elvis

the Pelvis,” as Presley was sometimes called because of his wild,

gyrating dance moves, showed how much excitement a success-ful pop star could generate.

The Motown SoundAnother recording studio that created a

lot of pop stars and had its own signature

sound was Motown Records in Detroit,

Michigan. Over the years, many African-

American families migrated up from the

South in search of work in the industrial

North. This migration helped create an

audience especially interested in hearing

and supporting black musicians. The headof Motown, record producer Berry Gordy,

Jr.’s first big hit came in 1961 when the re-

cord Gordy produced of Smokey Robinson

and the Miracles singing “Shop Around”

soared to number one on the charts. Oth-

er Motown artists who became famous

include Martha and the Vandellas, Diana

Ross and the Supremes, the Temptations,

the Jackson Five, and Marvin Gaye.

Pop SuperstarsThe most famous pop stars are often

known by their first names alone: Elvis,

Cher, Madonna, Usher, Beyoncé. Some-

times an entire pop group attains this level

Diana Ross and the Supremes, one of

Motown’s first hot sounds.




of success. The most famous pop band of all time (everybody’s

heard of the Beatles, right?) was already the most popular group

in Europe when they came from England to America to tour

in 1964. Paul McCartney, George Harrison, John Lennon, and

Ringo Starr (a.k.a. “the Fab Four”) performed their bright, catchysongs—like “I Wanna Hold Your Hand”—on a popular TV show

hosted by Ed Sullivan (you can see a video clip of this perfor-

mance at http://www.slate.com/id/2095079) and the crowd

went nuts. Some members of the audience screamed so loud they

couldn’t hear the music!

By Bds d Grl GrpsIt was common for pop groups, such as the Beatles, to be com-

posed entirely of members of the same gender. A boy band is a

kind of pop group that features anywhere

from three to six young male singers whocan also dance. Some all-male groups, such

as the Temptations, evolved out of church

choral groups, but others were created by

record producers who handpicked indi-

vidual band members they believed would

appeal most to fans. Successful boy bands

include the Monkees (who even had their

own wacky TV show), *NSYNC, Menudo,Boyz II Men, and Simple Plan. But be-

fore there were boy bands there were girl

groups! Today’s girl groups such as Des-tiny’s Child and the Pussycat Dolls were

preceded by earlier bands such as Martha

and the Vandellas, Diana Ross and the Su-

premes, and the Spice Girls.

Trpl expsrNo matter how much raw talent or busi-

ness savvy went into creating these

groups, none of them would have become

megastars without the right kind of expo-sure. Exposure is a crucial component of

success in the music biz. You can be the

10

Pecious MetalsW ha does i mean when a pop musicianhas a song o an album ha goes platinum ? the recoding Indusy Associaionof Ameica (rIAA) saed is awads

pogam in 1958, as

a way of measuinghow many copies ofa sound ecoding aesold and honoing he op-seling aiss.

Gold = 500,000 copies sold

Platinum =1,000,000 copies sold

Diamond =10 million copies sold

Visit the rIAA Web site at http:// www.iaa.com/gp/histoy/default.asp to find out which singe was awaded the vey fist platinum single. Have any of youfavoite musicians made the list?

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world’s greatest songwriter, but if the only person who hears you

is your stuffed giraffe, Gizmo—you’re not going anywhere. Some

aspiring artists get their break when they win one of the many

song and lyric contests, like Song of the Year, held annually. Tele-

vision talent shows such as American Idol, which is broadcast to

millions of viewers, can put rocket-boosters on a pop star’s ca-

reer. In 2002, Kelly Clarkson, a former waitress from Texas, beat

out nine other finalists in this televised competition and won a

recording contract with RCA Records. Clarkson’s second album, Breakaway, went triple platinum!

The Many Flavors of PopPop music has always been shaped by musical currents outside

the mainstream, which continually refresh its sound. The most

memorable artists often bring new innovations to pop music, as

1

The TV show American Idol made pop stars out of Ruben Studdard, Kelly Clarkson,

and Clay Aiken.




was the case with performers such as Bob Dylan, influenced byfolk traditions, and groups such as the Beach Boys, who intro-

duced surf sounds into the mix. In 1977, the BeeGees’ music for

the film Saturday Night Fever , starring John Travolta as a Brook-

lyn boy who rules the disco dance floor, became the biggest sell-ing soundtrack ever. Jamaican musician Bob Marley brought a

reggae beat to pop music.

Punk, which first emerged in the 1970s, is still alive and

thrashing in contemporary bands such as Green Day. During the

late eighties and early nineties, bands like Nirvana and Pearl Jam

brought grunge music into the mainstream.

Since the 1980s, African-American music, especially rap andhip-hop, has dominated pop music. The runaway commercial

success of artists such as Queen Latifah, 50 Cent, Mary J. Blige,

and Snoop Dogg has radically changed the pop music scene. To-

day, at the beginning of the 21st century, you hear plenty of Latin

influences in pop music, and artists like Shakira, Jennifer Lopez

(J.Lo), Marc Anthony, and Christina Aguilera are bringing the

sounds of salsa and Latin jazz rhythms into the mix. Singers like

Norah Jones and Jane Monheit have introduced elements of jazz.

R&B (short for rhythm and blues) influences are also a grow-

ing trend heard in music by Usher, Trey

Songz, and others.

The most successful pop artists are brilliant businesspeople who know how

to project a certain image to the pub-

lic. Madonna, a.k.a. “the Queen of Pop,”

didn’t become royalty because she’s a

better singer or songwriter than anybody

else, but because she’s a genius at self-pro-

motion. Pop stars are people who thrive

in the limelight and crave attention and

fame. Sound like you?They’re also driven perfectionists who

must constantly reinvent themselves to

stay current. “The King of Pop” Michael

Jackson had his musical debut at the age

of four, performing with his siblings in a

band called the Jackson Five, where he

12

Discover he beaesthe songwriing eam of John lennon andPau McCarney wroe some of he es popsongs of a ime. Have a isen o this bid

Has Flown: A 40hAnnivesay tiue orue Soul (2005), which feaures beaessongs covered y a

variey of conempo-rary ariss. You can isen o a cip of eachsong a hp://www.hisirdhasfown.com.Wha do you hink makes hese songs socassic?

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served as the lead singer and frontman.Now, nearly 50, this successful and often

controversial pop artist is still making mu-

sic (when he’s not in court answering for

his weird behavior).

a long c PthThe career of a successful pop star, un-

like that of a professional athlete, can be

extremely long. The rap artist Bow Wow

started rapping at age five. Like this tal-

ented young musician, you can start work-ing when you’re barely out of pull-ups and

keep performing until you’re back in ‘em

again! Young pop artists like JoJo, Rihan-

na, and Chris Brown are currently in their

teens, while the Rolling Stones are in their

sixties and still touring to sold-out shows

and huge, appreciative crowds packed

with old and new fans.

lookng Bk…nd FowdIf you are serious about becoming a pop

musician, you’ll also need to become astudent of pop music. You should try to learn as much as possible

about the history of this kind of music and the history-makers,

the musicians who shaped that sound over the years. Success-

ful pop music is as much about the past as it is about the future.

The most successful pop musicians are those talented, dedicated,

hardworking performers who can draw upon musical traditions

in order to anticipate the future of pop. And the best way to learn

is to keep on listening. So, plug in those iPods and tune in those

radios.

1

the Public “I”Are you ready o have all your secres

revealed i he abloids like a pop sar? I would kid of be likea ex-fried readiga page from your su-per-secre joural ouloud over he schoolPA sysem! If hahappeed, you figure:

a You’ll eed abou 357, 309 eergy

bars o sock he udergroud buker where you’ll be spedig he remaiig years of your life.

B now ha everyoe i he worldkows you have a mad crush o Zach (orHaah as he case may be), you mighas well ask him (or her) o he schooldace!

realiTcHecK



14

c H a P T e r 2

Watch your favorite musicians perform.They make it look so easy, don’t they? Great sound, smooth

moves, the latest looks—the good ones have it all together in

one cool, calm, and collected package. What you don’t see

is all the years of hard work that have gone into becoming a

great performer—practicing, writing, touring, and more. As the

musician John Mayer said, “A lot of work goes into entertain-

ment. You don’t just wake up in the morning and say, ‘Put me

on TV.’”

a Typl Tg Dy th Sptlght

There is no denying it’s a glamorous job, but take a look at

this typical day in the life of a pop star and you’ll instantly

see that it’s not as easy as it might seem. Imagine your new

album, Love Me Times One Million, has just come out. It’s

on the shelves at Virgin Records, f.y.e., and all the big chain

stores. It’s available online for fans to download to iPods too.Posters featuring your face are plastered in store windows and

on billboards, and there’s even a huge image of you tower-

ing over Times Square in New York City! In order to sell as

many CDs as possible your record company wants to shine

the GuinnessWold recod fo

he geaes numeof pulic appeaancesy a pop ais in24 hous in diffe-en ciies is held ybiish singe rachelSevens. beweenSepeme 8 and 9,2004, Sevens madeseven pulic appea-ances lasing aou15 minues each.

FunFacToiD



the spotlight on you. That means you have to get out there in the

public eye—performing concerts, meeting fans, and appearing onTV and radio.

Your first day of your album tour begins at 5 a.m. in New York

City (yawn!). You’re up and at ‘em with a brisk workout and are

showered and presentable (dressed in your stylish clothes) ready

to meet your personal manager for a quick meeting to review the

1

Greeting mobs of adoring fans is just part of a day’s work for

many famous musicians.

“Ifyouaregoingtomakeitintheentertainmentbusiness,you

needado-or-dieattitude.Therearenoalternatives.” –Jennifer L opez



V i r T u a l a P P r e n T i c e : P o P M u S i c i a n

day at 6:30. As you leave the hotel for your first TV appearance,

you take time to sign autographs and wave to a few fans whohave found out where you are staying. Note to yourself: Yeah, it’s

early, but keep smiling.

Once you’re at the TV studio and have been magically trans-

formed by their makeup artist, you sit under the bright lights for

a chatty conversation with the talk show host. Although you’re a

smooth talker now—careful to speak clearly and enthusiastically

about your work—you used to be very ner-

vous speaking in public. It took years of

practice to feel this comfortable in front of

other people.

After your TV appearance, you head

to the Virgin Megastore where you’rescheduled to give an in-store performance

and sign CDs. You meet the band in a pri-

vate office to review your set. You do a

casual rehearsal with them to make sure

your voice is warmed up. You had a good

night’s rest and a big breakfast, so you

are full of energy to give a dynamic show.

When your short performance is over, it’s

time to meet the fans in person, shakinghands and signing CD covers and posters.

You have time to squeeze in a radio

appearance before lunch, so you jump in

a chauffeur-driven limousine and head

uptown. The deejay wants to joke around

and you are ready with your usual relaxed

16

Success 101Which of he follow-

ig will nOt help yousucceed i he musicbusiess?

a A professioal aiude

B naural ale ad a araciveappearace

c Persisece

D Drugs ad alcohol

e Self-cofidece

A n S W E r : D . n o a i e , h u h ? b e w a e o f p i t f a l l s s u c h a s t h e s e t h a t c a t a k e t h e s h i e o f f o f e v e t h e i g h t e s t s t a .

PoP QuiZ

“Animageisnothowyoulook.

It’swhatyoudo—yourpersonality,theexampleyouset–andthat’shugeforme.”—cLAy A iKen, A MericAn idoL finALisT



P O P S T A R AT W O R

and funny responses. (Luckily, you’ve rehearsed some questionsand answers with your manager.) Obviously, you have to be a

very social person for this job because you are always meeting

and talking with people who can help your career. You’re contin-

uously attending industry parties, meetings, signings, and other

public appearances. As you meet thousands of people, you re-

member Mom’s advice to “be nice” to everyone, no matter who

they are or what they do. Be mean to someone now and she’s

sure to remember how you treated her later when she becomes a

record executive!After lunch and a few moments alone to get yourself together,

you head over to MTV to perform before a live studio audience.

Once you get spiffed up in fresh makeup and outfit, you perform

a song to a prerecorded track of music and again answer a bar-

rage of questions from the host. Even after all your success it’s

still hard to believe you are performing on live TV!

1

Making music in the recording studio.




The rushing around doesn’t stop there. You have time to graba quick bite of your favorite Chinese food and then head over

to a major club on the West Side for your sound check before a

live concert that night. You run through a couple songs with the

band, making sure the sound is good for you on stage and for the

audience. Now is the chance to work out any last-minute kinks

in the show. You then can relax backstage for a while before

doing the fresh makeup and outfit gig again before starting the

performance in front of more screaming fans that night.

Your set leaves the crowd stomping its feet and calling out fora third encore, but you’re exhausted. You’d love to go to a hotel

and sleep but tonight is a quick out. That means you have to pile

into a tour bus with your crew immediately after the show and

sleep as you’re driven to the next big city. There’s no big after-

show party—just get on the bus, put on some jammies, have a

light snack, and get ready to do it all over again tomorrow.

18

Looking like a pop star takes some behind-the-scenes makeup

magic.




As the super-successful Christina Aguilera warns, “The sched-

ule is crazy—it’s all suitcases and hotel rooms and you just go

nonstop. It’s a crazy lifestyle, it really is.” For many pop stars,

this type of promotion schedule can go on for months at a time,

traveling not only in the U.S. but in Europe and Asia as well.

“Touring and promoting and recording take a lot of time,” says

R&B recording artist Jamelia. “It’s just getting the right balancethat’s important.”

Th Wrt SngsBefore stars go onstage or into the recording studio they have

to have something to sing. Someone has to write the songs that

pop stars sing. Sometimes the stars

themselves write their own songs.

Other times they work with songwrit-ers hoping to come up with the next

big hit.

Either way, there is no one way towrite a song. Some start by writing po-

etry and coming up with clever word-

play. Others hear a melody and build

from there. An idea can come when

they’re in the shower, walking down

the street, or when they wake up from

a dream. Many songwriters keep a pad

with them at all times so they can jot

down ideas.

Of course, words are just half ofa song. The other half is the music or

sound. This is where pop musicians

1

Waabe Pop Sa Jus fo fu check ou iles feauigficioal pop sas like Pop Princess by rachelCoh (new Yok: Simo ad Schuse, 2004)ad backstage Pass by Gaby tiaa (newYok: HapeCollis,2005). Do’ foge o visi he “jiggy jugle”

of he Cheetah Girls seies wie by Deboah Gegoy (newYok: Hypeio) ad check ou hei musicad videos a hp://disey.go.com/disey-ecods/Sog-Albums/cheeahgils-music.

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“OnstageI’mthehappiest

personintheworld.”—briTney speArs




work with composers and eventually with their bands to get the

sound right. This process can take hours, days, and often months

of dedicated practicing. It can be a tiring process, but it’s the

only way to pull the best sound together. “We were one of the

worst bands of all time,” says Peter Wentz of Fall Out Boy. But bysteadily practicing they were able to improve and become one of

today’s hot young acts.

Th Bsss f YBeing a big star can mean big business. Many stars eventually

earn so much money that they become their own companies.

They earn money from performances and concerts, recordings

and music videos, T-shirts and other licensed products. Some

stars invest their newfound wealth in clubs, restaurants, or re-

cording studios. Others buy property and other businesses. Like

professional athletes, many performers have a relatively short (as

compared to the 30 or more years a person typically devotes to a

career) window of opportunity to bring in the big bucks, so it pays

20

Making and keeping fans is one of the challenges of being a pop star.




to make the most of these financial resources while their sound isstill hot and fans are forking out the dough to hear more.

A successful musician’s talent is their most valuable asset.

Staying in shape, carefully shaping a genuine image, and continu-

ing to cultivate a unique sound are ways that musicians invest inthemselves. Even things as simple as the clothes they wear, the

way they style their hair, and the way they conduct themselves in

public help (or hurt) their chances to keep loyal fans and make

new ones. Cha-ching!

Th entouragWhen musicians finally make it to the big time, they often findthemselves in need of other people who can help them run the

business that their fame and fortune brings. Among the people

commonly found in a star’s entourage are:

The manager advises and consults on all aspects of a career, in-

cluding the people who work for the musician, promotion, and

money matters.

The band includes the musicians who back up the musician and

help bring the songs to life. The stars who make music magic

tend to have a close working relationship and chemistry with

their bands.

The publicist works to make the musician famous by setting

up appearances on TV and getting coverage in newspapers and

magazines. The publicist may write press releases and come up

with ideas that will help you grab the attention of the media.

The promoter, or concert producer, organizes big shows and

handles the publicity for specific events, overseeing the creation

of posters, press releases, and other promotional materials.

The personal assistant helps a busy pop star take care of all the

little things in his life—pick up laundry, walk the dog, arrange

restaurant reservations, and other day-to-day tasks.

2



22

Face it. Today’s pop stars would benothing without technology. All musicians should really be

thanking Thomas Edison, who long ago started the audio

revolution when he figured out how to record sound onto a

wax cylinder. From there, the advances came fast and furious

leading up to the $30-billion-a-year music industry we have

today. Just think of all the inventions in the last century—the

phonograph, FM radio, reel-to-reel tapes, cassette tapes, the

recording studio, CDs, and MP3s, to name a few.

Perhaps more than anything, technology allows people

to hear music when and where they like—in their homes and

in their cars; while they ride the subway, shop, or walk the

streets. If you’re going to be part of the world of music, you

have to keep up with these latest innovations. Here are a few

to keep your eye—and ear—on.

Dwnldbl MsComputers and the Internet have changed how easily we

can get our music. In 2005, sales of albums and singles fell

about eight percent from a year earlier as downloaded tracks

from online retailers soared 148 percent, according to Nielsen

c H a P T e r 3

Most popstars have theirown Web sites

where they con-nect with fans, postconcert information,offer free ringtones,and sell music andother merchandise.Visit http://www.kidzworld.com tofind links to yourfavorite artists.

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2

SoundScan. People simply download just about any song they

like from the Web and onto their hard drive and then onto their

iPod. This technology has made it very easy for people to sharemusic and more difficult for companies to figure out how to sell

music because it’s so easy to reproduce and share online.

Computers have changed the way people listen to music.

“Ringtonesarethe

newsingles.”—T odd MoscowiTz,presidenT , A syLuM records




red it Yself It wasn’t so long ago that recording music was a very exclusive

proposition available only to those who could afford time in spe-

cial studios decked with very expensive and sophisticated equip-

ment. New software now lets aspiring musicians turn their own

computers into home recording devices. For just a few hundred

24

Technology has given fans new ways to tune in.

“TheiPodcompletelychanged

thewaypeopleapproachmusic.”—K ArL L AgerfeLd, f Ashion designer



P O P T E C H A N D T R E N D

dollars anyone can record tunes at homeand instantly turn the final recordings intofiles that music fans can download on theInternet. Making music is now so inex-

pensive that the world could soon be fullof pop stars!

nstp TsDon’t you hate it when you’re listening tothe radio during a long car ride and yourfavorite tunes keep fading into static? Nowyou and your family can drive from Olym-pia, Washington to Washington, D.C. andnever lose your radio signal! A satellitecan broadcast a radio signal from morethan 22,000 miles away and it still comesthrough your car radio loud and clear. Thisnew technology is personalizing the radioindustry. You can now listen to hundredsof different radio stations via satellite andthe Web—with so many choices there’s gotto be something to please everyone.

rgt HtsA lot of new music nowadays is being introduced via ringtonesfor your cell phone. The ringtone is a 15- to 30-second clip of asong. You download it from the Internet for a small fee of about$2 each and then transfer it to your phone. Next up: Video ring-tones for your camera phones.

Vd Gam MsAs video games have become more like feature films, the musichas become more produced and original. Wu-Tang Clan, DavidBowie, and Nine Inch Nails are just a few of the big acts thathave written music specifically for video games.

cybsgsIn 2003, Yamaha introduced Vocaloid, a computer program thatcan sing! The technology imitates, or synthesizes, the sound of

2

throw away yoriPod nano!

Wha? Yo js go i? Well, i may be yeserday’s news by he ime yo read hisbook. Msic echnology, like all echnol-ogy, has evolved aa mind-blowing raeand will no dobconine o do so.Yor parens played vinyl records on

phonographs and lisened o adio dinosarslike cassees and eigh-rack apes. talk o a paren or an older friend abo how hey lisened o msic when hey were yorage. think abo how yo experience msic oday—how migh ha change in he nearfre? use a blank shee of paper o skecho yor ideas for he nex big hing.

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a human voice. Vocaloid is available with

three different voices, named Lola, Miriam,

and Leon, after the singers whose voices

were sampled to create the program. Vo-

caloid can even sing its own harmoniesand backup vocals! Will this amazing in-

vention eventually put pop singers out of

a job?

Sl ntwk StsSeveral Web sites let bands easily net-

work and connect with individuals who

might like their music including myspace.

com, friendster.com, and indieclectic.com.

Some bands have sold thousands of al-

bums by connecting to new fans online.

up d cmg Msl ntsThe world of pop is constantly evolving:

The musical flavor of the minute turns

stale at the speed of sound. Following are

some new trends currently on the radar:

26

Ae You Down With It?

Hip-hop is moe thana style of music —it’s a cultue withits own vocaulay.How hip-hop ae you?Match the follow-ing tems with theimeaning:

a boo

B buggin’

c Cheese

D Dawg

e Def jam

F Popping collas

1 Money

2 boyfiend /gilfiend

3 A geat ecod

4 really showingoff

5 A close fiend

6 Acting weido upset

A n S W E r S : A - 2 , b - 6 ,

C - 1 , D - 5 , E - 3 , F - 4

Dave Matthews performs during

“From the Big Apple to the Big Easy,”

a Hurrican Katrina benefit concert, at

New York’s Radio City Music Hall.

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Green Music. Now that global warming

is front-page news, many musicians are

considering their own impact on the en-

vironment. Performers such as R.E.M.,

Bonnie Raitt, and the Dave MatthewsBand are raising fans’ awareness of this

problem by promoting recycling at con-

cert venues and switching their tour buses

to biodeisel, a clean, low-polluting fuel. In

2004, the rock band Pearl Jam embarked

on a “climate neutral” tour: They calcu-

lated how much energy they would use

traveling around the country and offset it

by buying and protecting a section of rain

forest in Madagascar. How big is your car- bon footprint?

Pop and Politics. The United States has

had an actor as a president—why not a pop

musician? Since the 1960s, pop music has

been associated with social protest. Re-

cently, however, certain musicians seem to wield a whole new

level of political power. Bono, frontman of the popular Irish rock

group U2, is a real player in the political arena. He is invited toimportant business forums and political summits, where he rubs

shoulders with presidents and prime ministers. What would youchange about the world if you had this kind of influence?

2

Watch the Gammysusally held in Feay, the Gammys ae

the Oscas of the msic wold. Plan to watch the show with a few fiends, note new tends in msic, and ty to pick the winnes!Othe majo msic awads shows held each yea ae the billoadMsic Awads, theAmeican MsicAwads, and therock and roll Hall of

Fame Indction Ce-emony. Official We sites fo these awadshows, sch as http://www.gammy.comand http://www. Fox.com/ilload2006,inclde lists of awad categoies and namesof pevios winnes.

“Asarockstar,Ihave

twoinstincts,Iwanttohavefun,andIwanttochangetheworld.Ihaveachancetodoboth.”

—bono, u2

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Virtual Pop Stars. You don’t have to be real to sell a millionrecords! Or three million, as in the case of Gorillaz, a virtual hip-

hop band that racked up that much in global sales of their debut

album. Advances in computer technology also led to the creation

of an avatar , or 3D digital being, named E-Cyas (pronouncedE-Zias), the first computer-generated pop star. E-Cyas was soon

joined in cyberspace by a female avatar from Scotland named

T-Babe. Fans don’t seem to care if pop stars are real or even hu-

manoid—an amphibious, break-dancing avatar called Crazy Frog

became a HUGE hit in the United Kingdom in 2005. And a Japa-

nese virtual rock star named Kyoko Date, introduced in 1996,

actually received fan mail!

Are Your Ears Ringing? Now that practically every person on

the planet is packing a cell phone, the fastest growing trend in

music is ringtones: those short clips of popular songs that let you

know someone’s trying to reach you. You might hear Gretchen

Wilson’s latest song as a ringtone before it ever plays on the radio.

Other artists whose songs have been introduced as ringtones in-

clude Coldplay (“Speed of Sound”) and Madonna (“Hung Up”).

But ringtones aren’t just making big bucks for cell phone com-

panies and the music industry. All of the

profits for Alicia Keyes’s version of the Pe-

ter Gabriel song “Don’t Give Up (Africa)”have been donated to a nonprofit group

that helps AIDS patients in Africa.

Dance Fuel. Artists like the Puerto Ri-

can duo Wisin y Yandel, Ivy Queen, and

Daddy Yankee are blending the flavors

of Jamaican reggae music and hip-hop to

create the hottest new sound in pop mu-

sic: reggaeton. For a taste of this infectiousdance music, check out Daddy Yankee’s

album Barrio Fino, especially the smash

hit “Gasolina.”

Silent Conga Line. In Britain, young mu-

sic fans can be spotted “mobile clubbing”—

28

Golden OldiesFor a ase of pop hisory, visi hese Websies:

Mr. Pop Hisory ahp://www.pophisorynow.com

the All Music Guide ahp://www.allmusicguide.com

Pop Culure ahp://www.fccj.org/library/deerwood/reference/pop.hm

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showing up in pre-arranged public placeswearing their portable music players anddancing together to the sounds playingthrough their earphones.

Asia Major. In 2005, MTV launched threeAsian pop music channels. The U.S. musicindustry is increasingly promoting Asianmusicians, who so far have been under-represented in American pop culture, toyoung Asian-Americans. And non-Asiankids are getting turned onto this music aswell.

Just Say No. There’s a big market for popsounds on TV, and supplying the musicfor a commercial can bring national expo-sure to a band. But some pop musicians,such as U2 and R.E.M., have resisted thistrend and refused to allow their musicto be adapted for commercial use. BruceSpringsteen turned down $12 millionfrom Chrysler, a car company that wanted

to use his song “Born in the U.S.A.” in oneof their commercials.

2

Dialing up the latest cell phone ringtone



30

Before you hit the road to find fameand fortune as a pop musician there are a few things you need

to know. To start, a pop musician needs to learn another lan-

guage—the language of music. A-flats, G-sharps, countermelo-

dy, and pitch are just some of the terms that musicians rely on

to communicate with one another.

But the language of music goes beyond words. It also means

knowing how to put notes together that will create melody,

harmony, and rhythm. What are the ingredients needed to

make the beautiful sounds that get people singing, dancing,

and tapping their toes?

all Tgth nw

Musicians often begin learning about the building blocks of

music at an early age in elementary, middle, or high school.

Group music classes teach the fundamentals of how to read

music and perform. Practicing with a group also teaches thevaluable lesson of how to work with others—which is impor-

tant to a pop musician’s success. Justin Timberlake doesn’t

make his music alone. He knows how to sing with a band and

works with other musicians to create the sound he wants.

c H a P T e r 4

bone up on yourmusic lingo. For agrea free muli-media dicionaryfeauring hundredsof music erms, goonline o hp:// www.music.v.edu/musicdicionary and visi he Virginia

tech music We sie.

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3

Lots of pop stars got their start singing in choirs a lot like

this one.

“Weworktogetherasabandtomakesome

reallyexcitingsounds,

makingsurethewayweputthesongstogether,asaband,isreally,reallypowerful.”

–T iM rice-o xLey of The pop bAnd KeAne




Working as a team, rock musicians can figure out the best ways

to combine guitar, bass, drums, and background vocals to get a

hit-making sound.Schools often give you the chance to work in a group—playing

in an orchestra or singing in a choir. Churches and other com-

munity organizations also have orchestras and bands. The music

32

Sisters Jessica and Ashlee Simpson make music a family thing.

“Thescheduleiscrazy—it’sallsuitcasesandhotelroomsandyoujustgononstop.It’sacrazylifestyle,itreallyis.”—chrisTinA A guiLerA



P O P S T A R I N T R A I N I N

taught may be classical but these lessons are still good trainingfor a pop musician. Whitney Houston began her singing career in

a church choir. So did the new R&B artist Lyfe Jennings.

all n th FmlySince musical abilities seem to be partially inherited, certain

people grow up in musical families. Do your parents play duets

on the piano? Does your big brother sing tenor in your church

choir? If you are raised in an environment where your parents

and siblings are making music, you will soak up these influences

early on. Sometimes several siblings in a single family will become

successful musicians—look at the five Breeding brothers in B5, Jessica Simpson and her younger sister, Ashlee, and Backstreet

Boy Nick Carter and his little brother, Aaron. Sharing a musical

career with a sister or brother brings a whole new dimension to

sibling rivalry!

on n onGrowing up in a musical family can give

you an advantage, but becoming fluent in

the language of music usually requires pri-

vate lessons with someone who has been

playing an instrument or singing for years.

Private teachers can help students to in-terpret music. Interpreting means bringing

your own personality and style to the mu-

sic. Being an original singer or player is

ultimately what makes someone success-

ful, but this usually only comes after years

of study.

Many individual instructors also devel-

op pop stars by becoming their mentors.

Mentors not only teach music, they serve

as cheerleaders, advisors, and friends. A

mentor is usually an older person who has

had some experience in the music busi-

ness and can guide you with the real-life

decisions. A mentor doesn’t have to be a

teacher. The singer Jewel says her mom,

3

“99 bottles of Popon the Wall…”

Smme camp isn’t jst aot oast-ing mashmallows and sleeping in cainsanymoe. rock and oll camps fo yongpeople ae opening acoss the conty. Kidscan lean how to play electic gitas, ass,dms, and how toock ot. Many of these camps ae fogils. Fo moe info,check ot http:// www.gilsockcamp.og. Yo can find ot aot co-ed msic

camps at http://www.mysmmecamps.com o http://www.ockcamp.og. Day- jams is a ock msic day camp fo nine- tofifteen-yea-olds, with 11 locations aond the u.S. (http://www.dayjams.com).

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Nedra Carroll, was her mentor. Mariah Carey is reportedly thementor for Christina Aguilera. Eminem was the mentor to the

rapper 50 Cent, and 50 Cent was the mentor to The Game. Just

keep in mind this advice from Grammy-winning reggae artist

Sean Paul: “I think kids should have a mentor and a role model, but that they shouldn’t take one person’s opinions to be what

we call final assessment or judgment about how life is supposed

to be.”

Whether you are learning through private or group lessons,

music takes practice, practice, practice. A guitar or piano player

will play different compositions over and over again to get the

tempo, rhythm, and feeling just right. A singer has to sing scales

and songs repeatedly to keep the voice in shape, hit all the right

notes, and bring ease and power to a performance. Obviously,

practice takes dedication. Sometimes it can be very frustrating

because you make the same mistake over and over. But when

34

a ley Kaviz, “Ameica Woma”

B nivaa, “the Ma Who Sod he Wod”

c biey Speas, “I love rock ‘’ ro”

D Madoa, “Ameica Pie”

e Cake, “I Wi Suvive”

F Pea Jam, “las Kiss”

1 Do McCea

2 Goia Gayo

3 the Guess Who

4 Joa Je

5 Fak Wiso ad he Cavaies

6 David bowie

Od Cassic, new Hi Sogreuse ad ecyce is o jus wha you do wih you ash, i’s aso a edi oday’s pop whe ew sas cove, o edo, sogs fom he pas. SmashMouh’s “beieve” is acuay a ew vesio of a hi y a goofy sixies ad

caed he Mokees, ad he Desiy’s Chid sige “Emoio” is a cove of hebee Gees’ disco cassic fom he 1970s. See if you ca mach up oday’s popaiss wih he pefomes who oigiay eeased hese sogs:

Hepfu hi: A We sie such as hp://www.oigiaspojec.com es you seach y sog ie ofid ou he ames of he oigia aiss ad he goups who eecoded hei sogs.

A n S W E r S : A - 3 , b - 6 , C - 4 , D - 1 , E - 2 , F - 5 )

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3

Lots of practice is one thing all pop stars have in common.

“IncollegeIhadaweekendgigatarestaurant,asolothingthat

wasthebestpracticeIcouldhaveeverhad.That’s

whereIlearnedto

coordinatemy

singingandmypianoplaying.”—norAh Jones




you finally master a hard-to-play song, you grow as a musician.You get better and the music gets easier to play. Audiences rarely

think of the thousands of hours artists spend practicing to make

a show seem so fun and easy. Herb Albert, legendary trumpet

player and cofounder of A&M Records got it right when he said,“I practice every day. I’ve been doing it since I was eight.”

Gt exp?You may have heard the expression “Experience is the best

teacher,” and that is especially true for musicians. Pop musicians

learn by performing in front of an audience. They learn what

works with a crowd and what doesn’t. They learn how to becomfortable. For many pop wannabes, the biggest challenge is

getting over stage fright. That’s a problem that even some of the

biggest performers have had to deal with. Even though Donny

Osmond has been performing with his family and in major televi-

sion and Broadway productions since he was a kid, he has had

36

Show time!

Pop musicians have to perform thesame songs repeat-edly—on stage andin the recordingstudio when they arecutting an album.Pick a song and sing

it ten times in a rowin different ways.Sick of it yet, oreager for anothershot at getting it justperfect?

realiTY cHecK




recurring bouts of stage fright and was

afraid he would black out during perfor-

mances. One of the most famous singers

of our time, Barbara Streisand, got such

bad stage fright after forgetting some lyr-ics during a performance that she did not

perform live again for more than 20 years.

Each did not give up, however, and they

were able to beat the fear by getting back

on stage.

Gonn Tk You HghAlthough many musicians learn on their

own and through school classes, some get

even more serious about learning music by

studying an instrument, voice, or record-

ing in college. Music schools called con-

servatories provide very serious musical

training, typically for classical musicians.

Through colleges and conservatories, you

can earn a bachelor’s degree or even a

master’s degree in music. Colleges even offer courses dedicated

only to pop and commercial music. The University of Florida

teaches a course called Pop Music and Culture, and ColumbiaCollege in Chicago provides a class all about African-American

pop music. The Academy of Contemporary Music in Britain

takes it all a step further by dedicating all its courses to trans-

forming students into pop stars. The school teaches everything

from how to get a winning look and sound to how to handle all

your money matters. Other schools, like the University of North

Carolina-Asheville, offer specialized majors in various types of

music such as jazz.

3

background MusicPop vocaliss do more han jus carry a

une — hey can harmonize, ha is, singdifferen noes ha complemen he mainmelody. Groups like he backsree boys werefamous for heir lushharmonies. try i!turn on your poralemusic player, and spinone of your favoriealums. Pay closeaenion o he ackground vocals and ry

singing along wih hem, or jus ry o figureou which noes complemen he melody andsing hem. If your older siser doesn’ poundon your edroom door and ell you o pipedown, you may have some alen!

realiTcHecK



38

Not everyone can be the superstarperformer. A lot of music lovers don’t even want to be pop

stars, but they would like to work in the music business. Here’s

a list of jobs that can keep you close to the excitement of the

music industry without going through the ordeal of becoming

a celebrity.

a&r rpsttv

The term A&R has replaced the original phrase for which it

stands: “artists and repertoire.” Those who handle A&R arethe talent scouts for record labels. They look for the unsigned

bands and singers and, once they find them, they help develop

the acts. Those who are good communicators and great with

people are well matched with this job.

amd Fs Ms

You may not think of music and the military going together, but the U.S. Navy, Army, Air Force, Marines, and Coast Guard

each maintains its own professional bands. The military needs

players and all the requisite support personnel for string en-

sembles, popular and jazz musical groups, and choruses.

c H a P T e r 5

If you’re itching

to know what it’slike to work as a DJand coax amazingsounds out of a pairof turntables, go to http://www .themusicedge.comand see what youcan learn.

FunFacToiD



3

ad engnrIf you enjoy tinkering with electronics and like math and science,

then the engineering side of music may be for you. Audio engi-

neers, also known as sound and recording engineers, operate and

maintain the recording equipment. They know how to capture

and manipulate sounds to create top-selling albums.

Bkp SngrSheryl Crow started as a backup singer for Michael Jackson.

Latino music star Jon Secada began singing behind Gloria Es-

tefan. Those who aspire to be singers can benefit by landing a

job as a professional backup singer. This job builds your tal-

ents as a singer and exposes you to the

real world of the pop musician. Getting backup singing jobs often means being

persistent, continually auditioning and

networking.

chrh Sngr Jessica Simpson was discovered singing

at church camp, and Whitney Hous-

ton began her career singing in a choir.

Church singing doesn’t always pay much(if at all) but it can obviously be a step-

ping stone to a career and a great train-

ing ground for vocalists. Other higher

paying church-related jobs include or-

ganist, choir director, and minister of

music.

Help WatedGet a job (or at least explore your future op- tios) at the natioal Associatio for MusicEducatio (MEnC) Website. It’s loaded with i-formatio about careersi the music idustry.Go to http://www

.mec.org/idustry/ job/careers/careers.html to see a oliebrochure listig the jobs available for musi-cias, salary rages, ad educatio ad trai-ig requiremets.

“Touringandpromotingandrecording

takealotoftime,it’sjustgettingtherightbalancethat’simportant.”

—r&b recording ArTisT J AMeLiA

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40

Wht d y d?I work at JSM Music, a company that cre-

ates music and jingles for commercials.

I get to do music all day long, which

is what I’ve always

wanted to do. I’ve

composed and record-

ed music for beer and

car ads. I helped remix

the classic [Steppen-

wolf] song “Magic Carpet Ride” to use in

a TV commercial for Chevy. We often take

an old song and make it fresh. Bands are

featured in a lot of music used in TV com-

mercials now. In some

ways, they have gotten

cooler than radio.

I play guitar and

sing on a lot of thecommercial music we

produce. I now have my

own room, which is like

a mini-recording studio,

and my job is sort of like

Mission Impossible. I go

in everyday and they

give me a mission and

I try to accomplish it. I

can hire the best musi-

cians, too—players from

the Saturday Night Live

band and the David Let-

terman Show .

Hw dd y gt strtd?I got a Stratocaster guitar when I was 10.

I’m pretty much self-taught. For years, I

was in a band called The Mommyheads

and I had my own solo career but I got

tired of gigging and lugging equipment. I

just wanted to play music.

So I did a sample of commercial music

for Dodge and they loved it. JSM said

they had an engineering position, but I

had never engineered. I lied a little about

what I knew.

Within a couple months, I saw what

other writers were doing and I thought I

could do this and bet-

ter. So I submitted a

couple things and they

went on air. Then I got

a room and the roomgot bigger and bigger

and now [five years

later]I’m in the big

room.

My advice to any-

one pursuing a creative

path is to work hard,

do what you do well,

and be fearless—then

the jobs and money will

come.

NAME: adm elkOFFICIAL TITLE: cmpsr/Prdr

on THe

JoB



B A C K G R O U N D M U S I

composerAlthough some singers and bands write their own material, many

rely on songwriters or composers for new material. Some song-

writers learn how to compose on their own through trial anderror; others go to college and study composition. Opportunities

for music composers are more wide-ranging than ever. Next time

you watch your favorite TV show, take note of the music. Origi-

nal music is featured in commercials and even in video games.

The Beastie Boys, for example, have written songs for the Xbox

game Jet Set Radio Future.

conert PromoterPromoters help put together shows from single concerts at big

theaters to outdoor festivals like Lollapalooza or Ozfest, whichcan feature many performers. This job requires great organiza-

tional and sales skills.

4

DJs keep the music coming!




crse Shp/Theme Prk PerfrmerYou may not be the next Usher or Mariah Carey, but there are

still plenty of places to perform and sing. Musical theater produc-

tions immediately come to mind, but you may not have thought

of all the entertainers who work on cruise ships and in amuse-ment parks. Disneyland alone employs thousands of performers

who dress up as characters and sing in shows. And those giant

cruise ships that sail from the major coastal cities all have their

own onboard entertainment.

DJNot long ago, DJs (or disc jockeys) were the people who playedsongs on the radio or at parties. While DJs still work in radio

and play weddings and parties, DJs who play music at clubs have

become stars in their own right. They headline dance clubs play-

ing a mix of music that gets the crowd moving, such as hip hop,

trance, and house. Top singers often work with top DJs now to

help them create dance hits.

Ms lwyerBeing a big pop star requires a lot of le-

gal assistance. You need to have contracts

with record labels, managers, concert pro-

moters, and just about everyone you dealwith. That’s where the music or entertain-

ment lawyer steps in. It’s the lawyer’s job

to help the musician protect his or her

finances and song rights and get the best

possible deals.

Ms lbrrThe music librarian maintains a collection

of music for a library in a university or col-lege, a conservatory, in a public library; at

a radio or television station; with a music

publisher or dealer; or with a musical so-

ciety or foundation. For the music lover

who is more studious and prefers a quiet

life, this job may be a perfiect fit.

42

roing in he DoughDid you know ha each ime a fim is oad-

cas on tV o cae, he songwies who woe he music on he soundack makemoney? Even musi-cians wihou naionaecogniion can eanroyalties , he amouna songwie is paideach ime his o hemusic ges payed. Eve

head of life in a bende? Poay no, u

evey ime he John Candy fim Canadianbacon is aied, ha and eans some moneyfo hei song “Fiend fom Queec.” (Youcan hea moe of hei music a hp:// www.ifeinaende.ne.)

FunFacToiD




4

Wht d yu d?I set up the microphones, amplifiers, and

other equipment needed to record an

album. I also run a board that captures

the sounds of instruments and voices on

different tracks. Once all the tracks are

completed, I sometimes

help mix the tracks to cre-

ate a final song.

I’ve worked as an audio

engineer with the rapper

Nelly, Antony and the John-

sons, the band Travis, and

Lou Reed. Part of the job

is getting a sound that an

artist wants. A singer may

ask that the drums sound

like classic R&B [rhythm and

blues] drums and I have toknow what that sound is like and which

buttons to push to get that sound.

Hours can be long—a recording ses-

sion can mean 12-hour days for a week

or two. The studio is such an intimate en-

vironment—you have to be able to work

closely with a range of people. I’ve seen

band members storm out at frustrating

moments and I’ve gone after them and

coaxed them back.

Otherwise, the biggest challenges are

when equipment fails and you have to

work around something that has gone

wrong.

Hw did yu gt strtd?I’ve always been interested in music and I

learned to play guitar when I was a kid. In

high school, I got my own home record-

ing equipment and that got me thinking

about engineering.

After graduating from

college, I interned for free

at Dubway Studios in New

York City. The internship

really taught me a lot

about basic electrical and

audio engineering. The

experience interning can

far outweigh the paycheck

when you’re starting out.

An engineer at Dub-

way then recommended

me for an assistant engi-neering position at Daddy’s House, which

is Puff Daddy’s studio.

I had a two-week

trial period, and I was

thrown into a session

almost immediately

after I was hired.

Then when an engineer couldn’t make a

session, I wound up recording those ses-

sions. I was an engineer on a big single

featuring Nelly called “Shake Ya Tail

Feather” on the Bad Boys II soundtrack.

Word of mouth has really helped me get

work since then.

NAME: emry DbysOFFICIAL TITLE: audi egir

on THe

JoB




44

Wht d y d?My job is to play music that will keep the

dance floor packed and keep everyone

moving and dancing. You have to know

the music scene and sometimes you have

to play music you don’t like. Every good

deejay does. I use two

turntables, a mixing console

[a mixer], a microphone,

records, and sometimes CDs

to provide music at clubs,

parties, and other events.

I play mostly clubs in

San Francisco but I also tour

the West Coast and even

Europe. I am producing a

lot of hip-hop artists now

as well. Many of today’s DJs

will become music celebri-ties and produce music for major record-

ing artists. My favorite DJ is DJ Premier;

he produces a hip-hop

group called Gang-

starr from New York.

Hw dd y gtstrtd?

I’ve always loved music and I’ve always

had tons of records. I started deejaying

when I was 15, but at first I wasn’t re-

ally interested. I saw some of my friends

fooling around with turntables. To me it

sounded like noise and it looked like they

were fooling around doing nothing. And

they said, “If you think it’s so easy, why

don’t you try it?” At first, I couldn’t figure

out the coordination between the two

hands and the ears. But I was determined,

so I watched them carefully and I finally

got it. I made a sample

tape and I started deejay-

ing house parties, gradua-

tion celebrations, and high

school dances.

A friend of mine

started calling me “Pause”

because I had a stutter and

whenever I felt a stutter

coming on, I would stop

talking. The name stuck.

When I finally got my

own turntables, I was ableto create more sounds and experiment.

I started mixing and scratching in guitar

sounds that made the songs completely

different. I was using the turntable as an

instrument and not just a component to

play a record on. The crowd really reacted

and said, “Whoa, that’s good.”

Being creative can put you on the

cutting edge and start a new trend. That’s

how I got successful. Clubs thought I was

new and fresh.

Persistence is also one of the keys to

success. I practice hours a day.

NAME: ar Vgh (.k.. DJ Ps)OFFICIAL TITLE: DJ r Dsk Jky

on THe

JoB




Music PublisheThis job is for the legal-minded. Music

publishers license songs to record compa-

nies, TV shows, and movies. They try to get

popular artists to record songs of yours ifyou’re a songwriter. They collect royalties

on behalf of the songwriter. They actively

promote the talents of the songwriter and

help to promote any recordings released

by the writer.

Music TecheTeachers train the pop stars of tomorrow.

They can be instructors who give private

voice and instrument lessons or they can

work in the classroom at public and pri-

vate schools. They can teach children as

young as three or college students. Some

advance to become music department ad-

ministrators at the top universities in the

country.

Music Thepist

Did you know that music can be used to heal people? Doctorshave found that music helps the elderly and those suffering from

Alzheimer’s disease to remember more and function better in

their daily routines. It can also help children with disabilities and

emotional problems. Music can reduce stress, improve commu-

nication, and be used along with physical therapy. Music therapy

may not get you closer to your favorite celebrity, but if you’re

interested in helping people improve their lives, this may be the

perfect career path for you.

Public reltions assistntPublic relations (PR) is a big part of the music business. To sell

more albums, pop stars rely on PR specialists to get them atten-

tion in the media. PR people write press releases about musicians’

upcoming albums and tour dates. They are constantly hustling to

get clients on TV, on the radio, or articles written about them in

4

Getting the sound just right before a

concert.




newspapers and magazines. PR specialists are great communica-tors in print, in person, and over the phone. They often have a

college degree in communications or journalism.

retl SlespesFrom the big music chains like Virgin and f.y.e. to the little in-

dependent shops, retail stores will always need employees to sell

CDs. If you have a passion for pop, it can be a great way to sur-

round yourself with all types of music. People in retail often work

these jobs part-time or for a few years, but those who really enjoy

selling CDs can advance to become managers and store owners.

rdeA roadie is a hired hand who moves equipment and sets up am-

plifiers on stage when a big music act goes on tour. They also

may tune the guitars and other instruments. This is physical work

but it’s usually for short periods. Much of a roadie’s time is spent

traveling from one gig to the next. Roadies get to be very close to

the live music scene and they see up close what a performer’s life

is like. A roadie doesn’t need a college education—just enthusi-

asm and a strong back.

Std Ms

Studio musicians are also called session musicians and they workfor hire, as opposed to being permanent members of a musical

group. Because they don’t work for any one group, studio musi-

cians usually get to work with a lot of different creative people

and stars. As with many music jobs, competition for work is fierce

and you have to be an incredibly talented player to succeed.

46

try ou for heschool orchesra or jazz band, a churchchoir, or a par in amusical producion aa communiy heaer.Even if you aren’

chosen, he experi-ence of preparingfor he audiion andperforming in fronof ohers will begrea pracice.

FunFacToiD




4

What d yu d?I work for Motown Universal Records. I

make sure that music celebrities like JoJo

or Lindsay Lohan are seen in the news-

papers, magazines, and TV. Any time you

see a celebrity on Regis

and Kelly or Jay Leno

or on the cover of Teen

People magazine, that

is something a publicist

has done. Our job is to

pitch stories and ideas

to the media, so you

have to develop rela-

tions with the media.

There are going to

be ten albums I have

to pitch during the

year, so I have to makesure writers and other

media people know me

and I have to establish

a rapport with them.

A lot of my work is calling people on the

phone and writing press releases. I have

to think what stories will get them atten-

tion. You can’t always get the cover story

so you have to have different angles. You

might have a magazine doing a fash-

ion spread and your artist is really into

clothes. That can be the angle. I got JoJo

into USA Weekend , which has a huge

readership. She got a mention because

she was the youngest artist to ever get a

nomination for the Video Music Awards

on MTV.

Hw did yu gt startd?I majored in English

and writing. I thought

I’d be a broadcast

journalist but I

learned about PR and

it seemed right for

me. Interning was

important training

for me. I interned at

NPR, CNN, UPS Corpo-

rate, and at MTV in

Atlanta. Internships

give you confidence

in the workplace andyou can find the type

of work climate you

want to be in. When

I graduated, I moved

to New York where I worked as a temp at

New Line Cinema and

Universal Records.

Temporary work is a

way to get to know a

lot of different types

of jobs and people.

When a position as a PR assistant opened

at Universal/Motown, I took it. I worked

my way up from assistant to director.

NAME: Phylicia FatOFFICIAL TITLE: Dirctr f Publicity

on THe

JoB



48

To find out what kids really want toknow about being a pop musician, we went to the source and

asked real middle school students for questions they would

ask their favorite stars. Then we posed their questions to two

of the biggest pop music acts in the country: B5 and JoJo.

B5 is the five Breeding brothers—Bryan, 10, Carnell, 13,

Patrick, 14, Kelly, 16, and Dustin, 17. They became a hit group

in 2005 with the release of their self-titled debut album on

Diddy’s Bad Boy label.

Born Joanna Levesque, JoJo is an R&B/soul pop sensation

at age 15. Her self-titled debut album was a best-seller in 2004,

and in 2005, her single “Baby It’s You” was certified gold and

“Leave (Get Out)” went platinum. JoJo has toured with Usher,

and she has a starring role in the 2006 movie RV with Robin

Williams.

When did you first become interested in singing?–Audrey B., 13, New York, New York

B5: We started as dancers but our manager, Jim McMahan,

saw our potential and put us into voice lessons. One of

the first songs we learned was “The Star-Spangled Ban-

c H a P T e r 6



4

B5: Five brothers and one hot sound.

“Surroundyourselfwith

good,positivepeople.”—b5




50

JoJo: Singer, songwriter, and pop music prodigy.



K I D S A S K , P O P S T A R S A N S W E

ner.” One of the first things

artists do when they startout is open for basketball

games and other games.

We had a natural talent forsinging. Once we started

working on harmony, our

voices really fit together

because we’re brothers.

JoJo: As long as I can re-

member I’ve loved music

and singing. I have vid-

eotapes of me singing as

young as age two. At five Iused to go to the local sa-

lon with my aunt and sing

for the hairdressers there!

What would you say is the single best piece of

advice you would tell someone if they wanted to

become a pop star?

—CJ H., 12, Seattle, Washington

B5: Get ready to sacrifice and commit your life because it’s

going to take a lot of sacrifice and 150 percent commitment.

Also, surround yourself with good, positive people.

JoJo: Make sure that you are prepared for all aspects of it. Itis not really glamorous. It is not exactly how it looks. Be pre-

pared for backlash and all that comes along with it.

How do you think of your lyrics?–Edith L., 11, Phoenicia, New York

B5: So far we’ve had the best producers and songwriters

in the country writing for us. We start our next album next

month and we’ve all written some of that. We really want to

5

Audrey B.




put out the message that you can have good music and still

have it friendly where anybody can listen to it, from five-year-

olds to 75-year-olds.

JoJo: Of the songs that I write, I come up with my lyrics from

real-life situations. Either things my friends have gone throughor things I have personally encountered.

What is the best part of being famous?

What is your least favorite part of being famous?

–Dillon C., 12, Seattle, Washington

B5: The best part is the freebies! We get tons of clothes

and tennis shoes and go to Disneyland for free. Seri-

ously, the best part is the fans. Some put hard work

into making posters and stories for us. We really ap-

preciate that. The least favorite part is having to be

on all the time. We always have to watch what we

look like and what we say. Also, we don’t get to do

real kid stuff much. We don’t get to play football onthe football team. We don’t get to go hang with our

buddies at a public place because everybody rushes

us. But we love what we are doing.

52

Dillon C.

“Ithinkkidsshouldhaveamentoranda

rolemodel,butthattheyshouldn’ttakeoneperson’sopinionstobewhatwecall

finalassessmentorjudgmentabouthow

lifeissupposedtobe.”—seAn p AuL




JoJo: The best part I think is the free things you get! Like freeclothes, free electronics, whatever you need!! It’s crazy be-

cause I needed all that stuff a few years ago when I couldn’t

afford it, and now that I can afford it, they give it to me. It’s

weird. My least favorite part is probably that everyone has adifferent perception and opinion of you, yet they don’t even

know you. It’s hurtful sometimes, but I’m coming to realize

that even people I admire most and people that are incredibly

successful have haters.

Do you think you have changed as a

person with your new lifestyle?

–Mia S., 13, New York, New York

B5: I don’t think so. I think we forget we’re celeb-

rities sometimes.

JoJo: A little bit, but I think it’s more of a natu-

ral change that happens over time with age. I’ve

been signed since I was 12, so this is all I’ve been

used to for the last three years. I’m not sure how

I would be if I wasn’t doing this. But with all my

family keeping me grounded, I don’t think I’ll get

a big ego anytime soon.

What is the coolest part about record-

ing sessions?

–Lukas L., 11, Phoenicia, New York

B5: Working with some of the best producers in the country

and creating music that kids really respond to. We did an ap-

pearance at a skating rink, and the DJ put on “All You Do.”The kids were singing the song at the top of their lungs. You

really appreciate all the work that went into the recording

when you see that.

JoJo: All the creativity!!! I love being creative, whether it’s

with painting, writing, singing, or performing. I love working

5

Mia S.




side by side with the produc-

ers and writers as well, so I

can put my touch on a record

even if I don’t do all the writ-

ing or producing.

If you didn’t become a

celebrity what would

you be?

–Yamilet O., 13, and Saman-

tha G., 13, East Palo Alto,

California

B5: Patrick and Carnell would

love to play basketball. Dustin wanted to play some type of

football. Brian and Kelly are game fanatics and they would

love to be gamers. They play a lot of games and they’re very

good at it. They would love to be involved with that doing

production and stuff like that.

JoJo: A student. I like learning. But when I grow up, if I wasn’t

a singer, I would like to either practice law or do something

behind the scenes in music, like writing/producing or manag-ing artists and overseeing their careers.

How did you get in the music industry and who

helped you get in?

—Alan N., 13, East Palo Alto, California

B5: We started in 1998 when we put a dance routine together

for Radio Disney because we wanted to win some tickets to

go see the Backstreet Boys in concert. Our cousin Ray had

taught us how to do back flips so we were very acrobatic. We

did the same thing with an *NSYNC contest and we won

that. Radio Disney then hired us as official dancers. Then our

future manager saw our potential and took us on and we’ve

been touring nonstop since then. People think we’re over-

54

Yamilet O. Samantha G.




night sensations but we’ve been doing this for six years, play-

ing schools, malls, and clothing stores. Now we play in front

of huge crowds. We performed for the producer Sean “Puffy”

Combs and he immediately signed us to his label, Bad Boy.

JoJo: When I was 12, I performed on a televised talent con-

test, and after the show a man from the audience introduced

himself to my mom and me and took us to the right people.

His name was James Womack. He introduced us to different

labels and producers and I was signed within a month! Now

I’m with Blackground/Universal Records.

If you were to go on Oprah what would be the top

things you would want to tell the TV audienceabout your life?

—Zach M., 12, Seattle,

Washington

B5: We have been in enter-

tainment all our lives, and

we’ve worked very hard

and sacrificed a lot to get

where we are today. Weplan on being in the busi-

ness for a very long time

and having movies and TV

shows come out. We have

a lot of people to thank forgetting to where we are to-

day, but most importantly

our mother, who started

the whole thing and encouraged us and tours with us today.

JoJo: One, I was raised all over New England, and I love ev-erything about it. Two, I work hard for everything I have, and

I’ll continue to work until I can’t anymore....I don’t know any

more than that!

5

Zach M.



ready o ake he vial appenice challenge and find o whai’s like o be a pop msician fo a day? ty his o on yo own o ask yo eache o make his a class aciviy.

8:00 Wam p ha mos poable of all insmens—yo voice—bysinging scales, pefeably in fon of a fll-lengh mio. Fo some good

vocal execise ideas go online o hp://www.ehow.com/how –7132 – vocal-execises.hml.

9:00 Dance session o wam p body, senghen mscles, and pacicemoves. If yo’e sck behind a desk, hee’s an assignmen o y.Wie a page o wo in esponse o he following qesion: Why do yo hink so many pop songs ae abo love? then discss yo answes asa class o wih a cople fiends.

10:00 Inven a sage name fo yoself. think abo wha kind of image yo wan o pojec and choose a name ha fis ha image. Fo afn class pojec, yo can beak ino gops of hee o design a msicpose o CD cove fo a ficional pop msician. use whaeve maei-als yo gop agees pon. Pojecs may be consced by hand o on he compe. Display yo compleed a a home o in a classoom aschool.

11:00 Ceae yo own top ten! Wha wold yo choose as he op en

momens in pop hisoy? Do some eseach a he libay o on heInene and come p wih yo own lis. O ge ceaive and make a imelime illsaed wih pices fom magazines and he Inene.Wha is i abo each even ha makes i sand o in yo mind?Imagine yo own fe as a pop msician. Wha kind of evens do yo hope will appea on yo own top ten lis? A Gammy, pehaps?

PoP MuSician For a DaY

c H a P T e r 7

56



Sold-out concerts? How will you know you’ve really “made it” as a popmusician?

12:00 Eat a healthy lunch—you’ll need the energy!

1:00 Make your own music video (use a karaoke machine, if you haveone)—set up a video camera yourself or get a friend to help you; ask afriend to watch your taped performance and suggest ways to improveit. Or work together as a class to produce a music video. Assign thefollowing duties to students, according to their skills and interests:performers, set designers, costume designers, choreographers, soundperson, videographer.

2:00 Write your own press release to describe your talents and sell

yourself to a record producer in one page or less. Make sure to include acatchy headline, a paragraph of juicy details about your plans or ac-complishments, and another one giving the lowdown on your musicalbackground and interests. If you do this in class, you can swap withanother student and comment on each other’s writing.

3:00 Choose a song and practice it, either singing or playing it on aninstrument, for one solid hour. Or end the school day by crowning yourown pop royalty. Forget the artists who currently hold these titles—

who would you dub the King, Queen, Prince, and Princess of Pop? As aclass, come up with a list of worthy contenders and then vote for yourfavorites.

4:00 Put together a stage outfit—the more eye-catching the better—but watch out for “wardrobe malfunctions!” Pop stars like Gwen Stefaniand P. Diddy are known for their sense of style. See if you can assemblean outfit that’s stage-worthy. First time you get a chance, put on yourstage costume and practice those dance moves like you mean it!

5:00 Stage a performance for family or friends—belt out a favorite pop tune while you move to the music. Drink in the applause!

5



If his is yo book, se he space below o jo dow a few oes abo yo Vial Ap-peice expeiece (o se a blak shee of pape if his book does’ belog o yo). Wha did yo do?Wha was i like? How did yo do wih each aciviy? Do’ be sigy wih he deails!

8:00 WArM uP: ____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

8:00 DAnCE SESSIOn: _________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

10:00 StAGE nAME: __________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

11:00 tOP tEn: ______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________


PoP MuSician For a DaY: FielD rePorT

58



12:00 lunCH: _______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

1:00 MuSIC VIDEO: ___________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

2:00 PrESS rElEASE: _________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

3:00 rEHEArSAl: _____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

4:00 StAGE WArDrObE: ______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

5:00 PErFOrMAnCE:_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

5



Whe I’m sigig aog o my iPod, I see oher peope

❑ crigig ad puggig heir ears! ❑ smiig ad cappig aog wih he music I’m makig!

the as ime I had o perform i fro of a audiece, I❑ jus soaked up he spoigh! ❑ faked a case of peumoia!

the idea of me becomig a pop musicia

❑makes tOtAl sese because: ___________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

❑ makes nO sese because: _____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

Music is my ife because: ______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

As for a fuure i pop music

❑ I’m ready o be discovered! Here’s wha I’m paig o do o make i happe: _____________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

❑ Forge i! I ove iseig o music, bu my rea ambiio is o: __________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

6



62

M rsus f Pp Muss

B o o K S

If you’re serious about a career in music, these reference guides

can help you follow your dream.

Armstrong, Jennifer. What a Song Can Do: 12 Riffs on the Power

of Music. New York: Knopf Books for Young Readers, 2004.

Krull, Kathleen. The Book of Rock Stars: 24 Musical Icons That

Shine Through History. New York: Hyperion, 2003.

Nathan, Amy. The Young Musician’s Survival Guide: Tips from

Teens & Pros. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Reeves, Diane Lindsey et al. Career Ideas for Kids Who Like Mu-

sic and Dance, 2nd Ed. New York: Facts on File, 2007.

Schaefer, A.R. and James Henke. Forming a Band. Mankato,

Minn.: Capstone Press, 2003.

Tauber, Michelle and Alia Phibes. Make Me a Pop Star . New

York: Little Brown for Young Readers, 2005.

P r o F e S S i o n a l a S S o c i a T i o n S

National Association for Music Education

1806 Robert Fulton Dr.

Reston, VA 20191http://www.menc.org

aPPenDiX



6

W e B S i T e S

All Music Industry Contacts is a comprehensive list of record

labels, music managers, agents, producers, and publishers athttp://www.allmusicindustrycontacts.com.

American Idol is the official Web site for the TV reality show American Idol at http://www.idolonfox.com.

Law Girl.com provides more information about becoming a mu-

sic lawyer at http://www.lawgirl.com.

MP3.com is a site where you can listen to other people’s music

and post your own on the Web at http://www.mp3.com.

Music Business Solutions features a free list of music-related

magazines, books, and organizations with links to each at http://

www.mbsolutions.com.

Music Resources on the Internet includes a great collection of

music resources at http://www.skdesigns.com/internet/music.

Songwriter Universe posts lots of useful information for would- be songwriters at http://www.songwriteruniverse.com.

Teach Me Pop Music gives some basics on how to write pop hits

at http://www.geocities.com/teachmepopmusic.

Don’t Buy It is a fun and informative site that takes you behind

the scenes of the music business at http://pbskids.org/dontbuyit/

entertainment/popstar.html.



A&R representative 38Aguilera, Christina 19Aiken, Clay 11American Idol 11Armed Forces, U.S. 38Asia 29audio engineer 39, 43

backup singer 39 band, backing 21Beastie Boys 41the Beatles 6, 10, 12Bee Gees 12B5 48-55

boy bands 10“Breakaway” (Kelly Clarkson) 11 business, stardom as 20-21

camp 33career path 13church singer 39, 41Clarkson, Kelly 11colleges 37commercials, music for 29, 40composer 40, 41concert promoter 21, 41conservatories 36cover versions (cover songs) 34Crow, Sheryl 39

cruise ship performer 42cybersingers 25-26

daily life, of pop star 14-19disco 12DJ (disc jockey) 41, 42, 44DJ Pause 44Dobyns, Emery 43downloads 22-23

Edison, Thomas 7the Ed Sullivan Show 10education 30-37effort, luck vs. 7

Elk Adam 40engineer See audio engineer

Grand Ole Opry 9green music 27

harmonies 37hip-hop 12, 26home recording 24-25hook

definition 6Houston, Whitney 39

Jackson, Michael 12-13 Jamelia 19 jazz 12 jingles 40

JoJo 48, 50-55

Latin music 12lawyer 42luck, effort vs. 7

Madonna 12manager 21Marley, Bob 12Matthews, Dave 26mentors 33-34military bands 38“mobile clubbing” 28-29money, handling of 20-21Motown Records 9, 47

music education 30-37music instruction, private

33-36music librarian 42music publisher 45music therapist 45

personal assistant 21Phillips, Sam 8, 9platinum record 10political/protest music 27pop music

definition 6history and styles of 11-12

PR See public relations (PR)practice 34 36

R&B 12rap 12recording, home 24-25record producer 40reggaeton 28repetition, of songs 36retail salesperson 46ringtones 25, 28roadie 46Robinson, Smokey, and the

Miracles 9rock and roll camp 33Ross, Diana, and the Supremes

9

royalties 42

sales career, retail 46satellite radio 25Saturday Night Fever 12Secada, John 39Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club

Band 6“Shop Around” (Smokey Robin-

son) 9Simpson, Jessica 39social network sites 26songs/songwriting 19-20. See also

composercover versions 34

stage fright 36-37Streisand, Barbara 37Studdard, Reuben 11studio musician 46summer camp 33superstars 9-10the Supremes 9

teaching, as profession45

technology 22-26theme park performer 42Timberlake, Justin 30training 30-37

Vaughn Aaron (DJ Pause)

inDeX

pop musician

Documents