pond management chapter 21. ponds or small impoundments
TRANSCRIPT
Pond ManagementPond ManagementChapter 21Chapter 21
Ponds or Small Ponds or Small ImpoundmentsImpoundments
<2.5 hectares or 6 <2.5 hectares or 6 acresacres
Usually privately Usually privately ownedowned
Various usesVarious uses Some especially Some especially
for fish for fish productionproduction
Others for Others for irrigation, irrigation, livestock wateringlivestock watering
North American PondsNorth American Ponds
Fish Management GoalFish Management Goal Provide annual Provide annual
crops of crops of harvestable-size fish harvestable-size fish (within constraints (within constraints of pond fertility)of pond fertility)
Sustained or Sustained or improved fishingimproved fishing
Favorable Favorable cost/benefit ratiocost/benefit ratio
High catch rates, High catch rates, above-average sizesabove-average sizes
Fish Management GoalFish Management Goal
Problem - Problem - private private ownershipownership
Owner Owner responsible for responsible for implementing implementing management management practicespractices
Fish Management GoalFish Management Goal
Lack of Lack of understanding understanding or unwillingness or unwillingness to do what is to do what is necessarynecessary
Leads to Leads to unbalanced fish unbalanced fish populations and populations and poor fishingpoor fishing
Dependence on StockingDependence on Stocking
Artificial habitats Artificial habitats almost entirely almost entirely dependent on dependent on stockingstocking
WarmwaterWarmwater Southern - Southern -
bass/bluegillbass/bluegill Northern - Northern -
bass/otherbass/other Coldwater - troutColdwater - trout
Stocking/Management Stocking/Management OptionsOptions
Provide good Provide good fishery quicklyfishery quickly
Meet needs of Meet needs of pond ownerpond owner
Relate to Relate to physical, physical, monetary limitsmonetary limits
All-Purpose OptionAll-Purpose Option
Good bass, Good bass, bluegill fishing bluegill fishing (maybe also (maybe also catfish)catfish)
Often use slot Often use slot limit for basslimit for bass
Harvest Quota OptionHarvest Quota Option
Remove set Remove set number or number or biomass of bassbiomass of bass
Stop harvest Stop harvest once quota is once quota is reachedreached
Panfish OptionPanfish Option
Focus only on Focus only on panfish - usually panfish - usually bluegillbluegill
Single-species Single-species fish communityfish community
Big Bass OptionBig Bass Option
Maximum size Maximum size limit for bass limit for bass (larger fish must (larger fish must be returned)be returned)
Lots of little Lots of little bluegill (children bluegill (children fishery)fishery)
Catfish-Only OptionCatfish-Only Option
Most often used Most often used only in muddy or only in muddy or small pondssmall ponds
Single-species Single-species fish communityfish community
Bass-Only OptionBass-Only Option
Focus only on Focus only on bass (usually bass (usually largemouth)largemouth)
Single-species Single-species fish communityfish community
Trout OptionTrout Option
Rainbow troutRainbow trout
Coldwater pond Coldwater pond - usually spring-- usually spring-fedfed
Stocking Rates for Stocking Rates for FingerlingsFingerlings
SpeciesSpecies Number per hectareNumber per hectare
Largemouth bassLargemouth bass 250250
BluegillBluegill 2,5002,500
Channel catfishChannel catfish 500 (single), 250 500 (single), 250 (multi)(multi)
TroutTrout 600 (west), 1,500 (east)600 (west), 1,500 (east)
Growth ManagementGrowth Management
PredatorsPredators HarvestHarvest SpawningSpawning Supplemental Supplemental
feedfeed FertilizationFertilization LimingLiming
Balance?Balance?
Can balance be expected?Can balance be expected?
Artificial system - low stabilityArtificial system - low stability
Some TargetsSome Targets
Relative weight - Relative weight - WWrr
WWrr of all species of all species should be close should be close to 100to 100
Some TargetsSome Targets
Proportional Proportional stock densitystock density
Quality/stock X Quality/stock X 100100
Largemouth Largemouth bass - 40-60%bass - 40-60%
Bluegill - 20-Bluegill - 20-40%40%
Size to StockSize to Stock
Some TargetsSome Targets
Biomass indexBiomass index F:C ratioF:C ratio F = forage fishF = forage fish C = carnivoreC = carnivore 3.0-6.03.0-6.0
Managing Old PondsManaging Old Ponds
Do nothingDo nothing
Corrective Corrective stocking - stocking - usually predatorusually predator
Reclamation Reclamation
Managing New PondsManaging New Ponds
Use Use Size - area, Size - area,
depthdepth Drain Drain Fish coverFish cover
Underwater Underwater structurestructure
MacrophytesMacrophytes