pomoy vs people.doc

8/14/2019 Pomoy vs People.doc

1/23

THIRD DIVISION

[G.R. No. 150647. September 29, 2004.]

ROWENO POMOY,petitioner, vs. PEOPLE OF THE

PHILIPPINES,respondent.

D E C I S I O N

PANGANIBAN,J p:

e!!"e#t$b!%#&e' %# t&e pr%()%p!e t&$t t&e *$)t+$! *%('%(# o* t&e tr%$! )o+rt, -&e( $**%rme'b t&e /o+rt o* ppe$!#, $re b%('%( o( t&e &%&e#t )o+rt o* t&e !$('. Ho-eer, -&e(*$)t# $re m%#%(terprete' $(' t&e %((o)e()e o* t&e $))+#e' 'epe('# o( $ proper

$ppre)%$t%o( o* t&e *$)t+$! )o()!+#%o(#, t&e S+preme /o+rt m$ )o('+)t $ re%e- t&ereo*.

I( t&e pre#e(t )$#e, $ )$re*+! ree$m%($t%o( )o(%()e# t&%# /o+rt t&$t $( 3$))%'e(t3

)$+#e' t&e %)t%m# 'e$t&. t t&e er !e$#t, t&e te#t%mo(%e# o* t&e )re'%b!e -%t(e##e#

)re$te $ re$#o($b!e 'o+bt o( $ppe!!$(t# +%!t. He()e, t&e /o+rt m+#t +p&o!' t&e

)o(#t%t+t%o($! pre#+mpt%o( o* %((o)e()e.

The Case

e*ore +# %# $ et%t%o( *or Re%e- 1+('er R+!e 45 o* t&e R+!e# o* /o+rt, #ee%( to #et

$#%'e t&e 8ebr+$r 2, 2001 De)%#%o( 2$(' t&e O)tober 0, 2001 Re#o!+t%o( 3o* t&e

/o+rt o* ppe$!# ;/< %( /"GR /R No. 1759. T&e / $**%rme', -%t& mo'%*%)$t%o(#,

t&e =$r)& , 1995 >+'me(t 4o* t&e Re%o($! Tr%$! /o+rt ;RT/< 5o* I!o%!o /%t ;r$()&

25< %( /r%m%($! /$#e No. 6921, *%('%( Ro-e(o omo +%!t o* t&e )r%me o* &om%)%'e.

T&e $##$%!e' / De)%#%o( '%#po#e' $# *o!!o-#:

3H?R?8OR?, prem%#e# )o(#%'ere', =ODI8I?D $# to pe($!t %( t&e #e(#e

t&$t t&e [et%t%o(er] RO?NO O=O@ %# #e(te()e' to #+**er $( %('eterm%($te

pr%#o( term o* #% ;6< e$r#, *o+r ;4< mo(t $(' te( ;10< '$# o*prision mayor

m%(%m+m, $# m%(%m+m, to *o+rtee( ;14< e$r# e%&t ;< mo(t $(' t-e(t ;20$%! t&ere$t, $!o( -%t& ?'$r S$m+'%o, $(ot&er #+#pe)t %( t&e robber )$#e.

3B$ter t&$t '$, $bo+t $ !%tt!e p$#t 2 o)!o) %( t&e $*ter(oo(, pet%t%o(er, -&o %# $

po!%)e #ere$(t, -e(t (e$r t&e 'oor o* t&e >$%! -&ere $!bo$ -$# 'et$%(e' $('

'%re)te' t&e !$tter to )ome o+t, p+rporte'! *or t$)t%)$! %(terro$t%o( $t t&e%(e#t%$t%o( room, $# &e to!' $!bo$: Bet# o to t&e %(e#t%$t%o( room. T&e

%(e#t%$t%o( room %# $t t&e m$%( b+%!'%( o* t&e )ompo+(' -&ere t&e >$%! %#

!o)$te'. T&e >$%! +$r' o( '+t, N%)o#tr$'o ?#tep$r, ope(e' t&e >$%! 'oor $('

-$!e' to-$r'# t&e %(e#t%$t%o( room.

3t t&$t t%me, pet%t%o(er &$' $ +(, $ .45 )$!%ber p%#to!, t+)e' %( $ &o!#ter -&%)&

-$# &$(%( b t&e #%'e o* &%# be!t. T&e +( -$# *+!! embe''e' %( %t# &o!#ter,

-%t& o(! t&e &$('!e o* t&e +( protr+'%( *rom t&e &o!#ter.

3&e( pet%t%o(er $(' $!bo$ re$)&e' t&e m$%( b+%!'%( $(' -ere (e$r t&e%(e#t%$t%o( room, t-o ;2< +(#&ot# -ere &e$r'. &e( t&e #o+r)e o* t&e #&ot#

-$# er%*%e', pet%t%o(er -$# #ee( #t%!! &o!'%( $ .45 )$!%ber p%#to!, *$)%( $!bo$,
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3/23

-&o -$# !%( %( $ poo! o* b!oo', $bo+t t-o ;2< *eet $-$. &e( t&e

/omm$('%( O**%)er o* t&e He$'+$rter# $rr%e', &e '%#$rme' pet%t%o(er $('

'%re)te' t&$t $!bo$ be bro+&t to t&e &o#p%t$!. Dr. $!m$ ;*%r#t ($me (otpro%'e'< &$ppe(e' to be $t t&e )r%me #)e(e $# &e -$# %#%t%( &%# brot&er %( t&e

&%!%pp%(e /o(#t$b+!$r. &e( Dr. $!m$ e$m%(e' $!bo$, &e ;Dr. $!m$$)et ot&er t&$( t&e T"#&%rt -or( b t&e %)t%m, &e '%' (ot #ee or

*%(' $( po-'er b+r(# $(' m$r# $(' t&$t t&o#e 'otte' m$r# %( t&e T"

#&%rt -ere be!%ee' b &%m to be po-'er b+r(# $# t&e !oo !%e o(e &e

$!#o *o+(' $ 'e*orme' #!+ %( t&e po)et o* t&e >$)et o* t&e %)t%m.3 9

uling of the Court of Appeals

T&e / $()&ore' %t# De)%#%o( o( t&e *o!!o-%( *$)t+$! *%('%(#: 1< t&e %)t%m -$# (ot

#+))e##*+! %( &%# $ttempt# to r$b t&e +(, #%()e pet%t%o(er &$' bee( %( )o(tro! o* t&e

-e$po( -&e( t&e #&ot# -ere *%re' 2< t&e +( &$' bee( !o)e' pr%or to t&e $!!ee'

r$bb%( %()%'e(t $(' %mme'%$te! be*ore %t -e(t o** %t -$# pet%t%o(er -&o re!e$#e' t&e

#$*et !o) be*ore &e 'e!%ber$te! *%re' t&e *$t$! #&ot# $(' < t&e !o)$t%o( o* t&e -o+('#

*o+(' o( t&e bo' o* t&e 'e)e$#e' '%' (ot #+pport t&e $##ert%o( o* pet%t%o(er t&$t t&ere

&$' bee( $ r$pp!%( *or t&e +(. ?DTS/

To t&e $ppe!!$te )o+rt, $!! t&e *oreo%( *$)t# '%#)re'%te' t&e )!$%m o* pet%t%o(er t&$t t&e

'e$t& o* $!bo$ re#+!te' *rom $( $))%'e(t. /%t%(People #.eyes, 10t&e / m$%(t$%(e't&$t 3$ reo!er %# (ot pro(e to $))%'e(t$! *%r%( %* %t -ere #%mp! &$('e' oer to t&e'e)e$#e' $# $ppe!!$(t )!$%m# be)$+#e o* t&e ($t+re o* %t# me)&$(%#m, +(!e## %t -$#

$!re$' *%r#t )o)e' $(' pre##+re -$# eerte' o( t&e tr%er %( t&e pro)e## o* $!!ee'!

&$('%( %t oer. I* %t -ere +()o)e', t&e( )o(#%'er$b!e pre##+re &$' to be $pp!%e' o( t&e

tr%er to *%re t&e reo!er. ?%t&er -$, t&e #&oot%( o* t&e 'e)e$#e' m+#t &$e bee(

%(te(t%o($! be)$+#e pre##+re o( t&e tr%er -$# (e)e##$r to m$e t&e +( *%re.3 11
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7/23

=oreoer, t&e $ppe!!$te )o+rt ob%o+#! )o()+rre' -%t& t&%# ob#er$t%o( o* t&e OSG:

3[et%t%o(er#] t&eor o* accident-o+!' &$e bee( e$#%er to be!%ee &$' t&e

%)t%m bee( #&ot o(! o()e. I( t&%# )$#e, &o-eer, [pet%t%o(er] #&ot t&e %)t%m(ot o(! o()e b+t t-%)e, t&ereb e#t$b!%#&%( [pet%t%o(er#] 'eterm%(e' e**ort to

%!! t&e %)t%m. $( #tret)& o* t&e %m$%($t%o(, ee( $##+m%( -%t&o+t$'m%tt%( t&$t t&e *%r#t #&ot -$# accidental, t&e( %t #&o+!' (ot &$e bee(*o!!o-e' b $(ot&er #&ot o( $(ot&er %t$! p$rt o* t&e bo'. T&e *$)t t&$t

[pet%t%o(er] #&ot t&e %)t%m t-o ;2< t%me# $(' -$# &%t o( t-o '%**ere(t $('

'%#t$(t p$rt# o* t&e bo', %(*!%)te' *rom t-o '%**ere(t !o)$t%o(# or $(!e#, me$(#t&$t t&ere -$# $( %(te(t to )$+#e t&e %)t%m# 'e$t&, )o(tr$r to [pet%t%o(er#]

prete(#%o(# o* t&e $!!ee' accidental*%r%(. It %# $( o*t"repe$te' pr%()%p!e t&$t

t&e !o)$t%o(, (+mber $(' r$%t o* t&e -o+('# %(*!%)te' o( t&e %)t%m &$e $

more ree$!%( t$!e o* -&$t $)t+$!! &$ppe(e' '+r%( t&e %()%'e(t. . . .12

8+rt&ermore, t&e / 'eb+(e' t&e $!ter($t%e p!e$ o* #e!*"'e*e(#e. It &e!' t&$t pet%t%o(er

&$' m%#er$b! *$%!e' to proe t&e $tte('$()e o* +(!$-*+! $re##%o(, $( %('%#pe(#$b!ee!eme(t o* t&%# >+#t%*%( )%r)+m#t$()e.

&%!e #+b#t$(t%$!! $**%rm%( t&e *$)t+$! *%('%(# o* t&e RT/, t&e / '%#$ree' -%t& t&e

)o()!+#%o( o* t&e tr%$! )o+rt t&$t t&e $r$$t%( )%r)+m#t$()e o* $b+#e o* p+b!%) po#%t%o(

&$' $tte('e' t&e )omm%##%o( o* t&e )r%me. ))or'%(!, t&e pe($!t %mpo#e' b t&e RT/

-$# mo'%*%e' b t&e $ppe!!$te )o+rt %( t&%# m$((er:

3. . . [8]or p+b!%) po#%t%o( to be $ppre)%$te' $# $( $r$$t%( )%r)+m#t$()e, t&ep+b!%) o**%)%$! m+#t +#e &%# %(*!+e()e, pre#t%e $(' $#)e('$() -&%)& &%# o**%)e

%e# &%m %( re$!%%( &%# p+rpo#e. I* t&e $))+#e' )o+!' &$e perpetr$te' t&e

)r%me -%t&o+t o))+p%( &%# po#%t%o(, t&e( t&ere %# (o $b+#e o* p+b!%) po#%t%o(.;People #s.Joyno, 04 S/R 655, 670


8/23

3I.T&e /o+rt o* ppe$!# )omm%tte' #er%o+# $(' reer#%b!e error %( $**%rm%(

pet%t%o(er# )o(%)t%o( 'e#p%te t&e %(#+**%)%e() o* t&e pro#e)+t%o(#

e%'e()e to )o(%)t t&e pet%t%o(er, %( )o(tr$#t to pet%t%o(er#oer-&e!m%( e%'e()e to #+pport &%# t&eorJ'e*e(#e o* $))%'e(t. ?$)HS

3II.T&e /o+rt o* ppe$!# )omm%tte' r$e $(' reer#%b!e error %( $**%rm%( t&e)o(%)t%o( o* t&e pet%t%o(er o( $ m$(%*e#t! m%#t$e( %(*ere()e t&$t

-&e( t&e +( *%re', t&e pet%t%o(er -$# %( *+!! )o(tro! o* t&e &$('!e o* t&e+(, be)$+#e -&$t t&e te#t%mo(%e# o* '%#%(tere#te' -%t(e##e# $(' t&e

pet%t%o(er ree$! -$# t&$t t&e +( *%re' -&%!e pet%t%o(er $(' $!bo$ -ere

bot& &o!'%( t&e +( %( *or)e*+! e**ort# to -re#t t&e +( *rom e$)& ot&er.

3III.T&e /o+rt o* ppe$!# r$e! erre' %( $**%rm%( t&e #o!%)%tor e(er$!K#

ob#er$t%o( t&$t t&e *$)t t&$t pet%t%o(er #&ot t&e %)t%m t-%)e e#t$b!%#&e#

pet%t%o(er# 'eterm%(e' e**ort to %!! t&e %)t%m.

3IV.T&e $ppe!!$te )o+rt )omm%tte' #er%o+# m%#$ppre&e(#%o( o* t&e e%'e()epre#e(te' -&e( %t r+!e' t&$t t&e tr$>e)tor o* t&e -o+('# -$# *ro(t"to"

b$) be!%( t&e $!!e$t%o( o* pet%t%o(er t&$t &e $(' t&e %)t%m -ere

#%'e"b"#%'e e$)& ot&er -&e( t&e r$pp!%( e(#+e'.

3V.T&e /o+rt o* ppe$!# *$%!e' to '%#)er( t&e re$! %mport o* pet%t%o(er# re$)t%o(to t&e %()%'e(t -&e( %t #t$te' t&$t t&e '+mb*o+('e' re$)t%o( o* pet%t%o(er

$*ter t&e %()%'e(t #tro(! $r+e# $$%(#t &%# )!$%m o* $))%'e(t$!

#&oot%(.

3VI.T&e $ppe!!$te )o+rt )omm%tte' r$e error -&e( %t '%#re$r'e' mot%e or

!$) o* %t %( 'eterm%(%( t&e e%#te()e o* o!+(t$r%(e## $(' %(te(t o( t&ep$rt o* pet%t%o(er to #&oot $t t&e %)t%m -&e( t&e #$me -$# p+t %( #er%o+#

'o+bt b t&e e%'e()e pre#e(te'.

3VII.T&e /o+rt o* ppe$!# -$# m%#t$e( %( r+!%( t&$t t&e 'e*e(#e o* $))%'e(t$(' #e!*"'e*e(#e $re %()o(#%#te(t.

3VIII.T&e /o+rt o* ppe$!# ob%o+#! erre' %( t&e %mpo#%t%o( o* t&e pe($!t%e#

$(' '$m$e#.3 15

I( #+m, t&e *oreo%( %##+e# )$( be ($rro-e' 'o-( to t-o:First, -&et&er t&e #&oot%( o*

Tom$# $!bo$ -$# t&e re#+!t o* $( $))%'e(t $('second, -&et&er pet%t%o(er -$# $b!e toproe #e!*"'e*e(#e.

The Court&s uling

T&e et%t%o( %# mer%tor%o+#.

First %ssue:
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9/23

Accidental "hooting

T%me!e## %# t&e !e$! $'$e t&$t t&e *$)t+$! *%('%(# o* t&e tr%$! )o+rt, -&e( $**%rme' b

t&e $ppe!!$te )o+rt, $re )o()!+#%e. 16ot& )o+rt# po##e## t%me"&o(ore' epert%#e %( t&e

*%e!' o* *$)t *%('%(. +t -&ere #ome *$)t# $re m%#%(terprete' or #ome 'et$%!# oer!ooe',

t&e S+preme /o+rt m$ oert+r( t&e erro(eo+# )o()!+#%o(# 'r$-( b t&e )o+rt# a 'uo.&ere, $# %( t&%# )$#e, t&e *$)t# %( '%#p+te $re )r+)%$! to t&e +e#t%o( o* %((o)e()e or +%!t

o* t&e $))+#e', $ )$re*+! *$)t+$! ree$m%($t%o( %# %mper$t%e.

Accident%# $( eempt%( )%r)+m#t$()e +('er rt%)!e 12 o* t&e Re%#e' e($! /o'e:

3rt%)!e 12.Circumstances !hich e(empt from criminal lia)ility. L T&e

*o!!o-%( $re eempt *rom )r%m%($! !%$b%!%t:

4.( per#o( -&o, -&%!e per*orm%( $ !$-*+! $)t -%t& '+e )$re, )$+#e#

$( %(>+r b mere $))%'e(t -%t&o+t *$+!t or %(te(t o* )$+#%( %t.3

?empt%o( *rom )r%m%($! !%$b%!%t pro)ee'# *rom $ *%('%( t&$t t&e &$rm to t&e %)t%m -$#

(ot '+e to t&e *$+!t or (e!%e()e o* t&e $))+#e', b+t to )%r)+m#t$()e# t&$t )o+!' (ot &$e

bee( *ore#ee( or )o(tro!!e'. 17T&+#, %( 'eterm%(%( -&et&er $( 3$))%'e(t3 $tte('e' t&e%()%'e(t, )o+rt# m+#t t$e %(to $))o+(t t&e '+$! #t$('$r'# o* !$) o* %(te(t to %!! $('

$b#e()e o* *$+!t or (e!%e()e. T&%# 'eterm%($t%o( %(e%t$b! br%(# to t&e *ore t&e m$%(

+e#t%o( %( t&e pre#e(t )$#e: -$# pet%t%o(er %( )o(tro! o* t&e .45 )$!%ber p%#to! $t t&e er

mome(t t&e #&ot# -ere *%re'C

Petitioner *ot in Control

of the +un ,hen %t Fired

T&e re)or'# #&o- t&$t, ot&er t&$( pet%t%o(er &%m#e!*, %t -$# ?r($ $#$ -&o -%t(e##e' t&e%()%'e(t *%r#t&$('. Her $))o+(t, ($rr$te' '+r%( )ro##"e$m%($t%o(, 'et$%!e' t&e ee(t# o*

t&$t *$te*+! $*ter(oo( o* A$(+$r 4, 1990 $# *o!!o-#:

3TT@. T?ODOSIO:

M.@o+ #$%' t&$t -&%!e o+ -ere %(#%'e t&e %(e#t%$t%o( room o+ &e$r' $

)ommot%o(. T&$t )ommot%o( -&%)& o+ &e$r', '%' o+ &e$r $(

#&o+t%( $# p$rt o* t&$t )ommot%o( -&%)& o+ &e$r'C

.=o'er$te! t&ere -$# #&o+t%( $(' t&e%r '%$!o+e -$# (ot )!e$r. It )o+!' (ot

be +('er#too'. /?TID
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10/23

M.D%' o+ &e$r $( o%)e# $# p$rt o* t&$t )ommot%o(C

.No, #%r.

M.8rom t&e t%me o+ e(tere' t&e %(e#t%$t%o( room o+ '%' (ot &e$r $( o%)e

-&%!e o+ -ere %(#%'e t&e %(e#t%$t%o( room $# p$rt o* t&$t )ommot%o(C

.T&ere -$# (o !o+' o%)e $(' t&e%r )o(er#$t%o( )o+!' (ot be )!$r%*%e'. T&e

-ere t$!%( #ome-&$t !%e m+rm+r%( or %( $ !o- o%)e b+t t&ere -$# $

#ort o* tro+b!e %( t&e%r t$!#.

/OERT:

M.$# t&ere $ #ort o* $( e)&$(e o* -or'# %( t&e%r )o(er#$t%o(C

.@e#, #%r.

M.&e( o+ ope(e' t&e 'oor, o+ #$- St. omo $(' =r. $!bo$ t&e

'e)e$#e' %( t&%# )$#eC m I )orre)tC

.@e#, #%r.

M.(' -&e( o+ #$- St. omo -$# &e &o!'%( $ +(C

.Not et, t&e +( -$# #t%!! &ere. ;%t(e## %!!+#tr$t%( b po%(t%( to &er #%'e+#t o()e, b+t t-%)e.

To t&e $ppe!!$te )o+rt, t&%# *$)t )o+!' o(! me$( t&$t pet%t%o(er &$' 'e!%ber$te! +(!o)e't&e +( $(' #&ot $t t&e %)t%m. T&%# )o()!+#%o( $ppe$r# to be non se'uitur.

It %# +('%#p+te' t&$t bot& pet%t%o(er $(' t&e %)t%m r$pp!e' *or po##e##%o( o* t&e +(.

T&%# *re(%e' r$pp!%( *or t&e -e$po( L t&o+& br%e*, &$%( bee( *%(%#&e' %( $ m$tter

o* #e)o('# L -$# *%er)e $(' %)%o+#. T&e ee-%t(e## $))o+(t $mp! %!!+#tr$te' t&e

!o%)$! )o()!+#%o( t&$t )o+!' (ot be '%#m%##e': t&$t %( t&e )o+r#e o* t&e #)+**!e, t&e #$*et

!o) )o+!' &$e bee( $))%'e(t$!! re!e$#e' $(' t&e #&ot# $))%'e(t$!! *%re'. ST$IH)

T&$t t&ere -$# (ot >+#t o(e b+t t-o #&ot# *%re' 'oe# (ot (e)e##$r%! $(' )o()!+#%e!

(e$te t&e )!$%m t&$t t&e #&oot%( -$# $))%'e(t$!, $# t&e #$me )%r)+m#t$()e )$( e$#%! be

$ttr%b+te' to t&e me)&$(%#m o* t&e .45 )$!%ber #er%)e +(. et%t%o(er, %( &%# te)&(%)$!

'e#)r%pt%o( o* t&e -e$po( %( +e#t%o(, ep!$%(e' &o- t&e '%#p+te' #e)o(' #&ot m$ &$e

bee( bro+&t $bo+t:
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17/23

3. . . et%t%o(er $!#o te#t%*%e' o( )ro##"e$m%($t%o( t&$t $ )$!%ber .45 #em%"

$+tom$t%) p%#to!, -&e( *%re', %mme'%$te! #!%'e# b$)-$r' t&ro-%( $-$ t&e

empt #&e!! $(' ret+r(# %mme'%$te! )$rr%( $$%( $ !%e b+!!et %( %t# )&$mber.T&+#, t&e +( )$(, $# %t '%', *%re %( #+))e##%o(. Ver%!, t&e !o)$t%o( o*, $('

'%#t$()e bet-ee( t&e -o+('# $(' t&e tr$>e)tor%e# o* t&e b+!!et# >%be per*e)t!

-%t& t&e )!$%m o* t&e pet%t%o(er: t&e tr$>e)tor o* t&e *%r#t #&ot o%( 'o-(-$r'*rom !e*t to r%&t t&+# p+#&%( $!bo$# +pper bo', t%!t%( %t to t&e !e*t -&%!e

$!bo$ -$# #t%!! )!+t)&%( pet%t%o(er# &$(' oer t&e +( t&e #e)o(' #&ot &%tt%(

&%m %( t&e #tom$)& -%t& t&e b+!!et o%( +p-$r' o* $!bo$# bo' $# &e -$#*$!!%( 'o-( $(' re!e$#%( &%# &o!' o( pet%t%o(er# &$(' . . .3 20

T&+#, t&e $ppe!!$te )o+rt# re!%$()e o(People #.eyes21-$# m%#p!$)e'. I( t&$t )$#e, t&e/o+rt '%#be!%ee' t&e $))+#e' -&o 'e#)r%be' &o- &%# +( &$' ep!o'e' -&%!e &e -$#

#%mp! &$('%( %t oer to t&e %)t%m. Here, (o #%m%!$r )!$%m %# be%( m$'e pet%t%o(er &$#

)o(#%#te(t! m$%(t$%(e' t&$t t&e +( $))%'e(t$!! *%re' %( t&e )o+r#e o* &%# #tr+!e -%t&

t&e %)t%m. =ore #%(%*%)$(t!, t&e pre#e(t )$#e %(o!e# $ #em%"$+tom$t%) p%#to!, t&e

me)&$(%#m o* -&%)& %# er '%**ere(t *rom t&$t o* $ reo!er, t&e +( +#e' %(eyes. 22E(!%e $ reo!er, $ #em%"$+tom$t%) p%#to!, $# #+**%)%e(t! 'e#)r%be' b pet%t%o(er, %#pro(e to $))%'e(t$! *%r%( -&e( po##e##%o( t&ereo* be)ome# t&e ob>e)t o* $ #tr+!e.

Alleged +rappling *ot *egated

)y Frontal Location of ,ounds

O( t&e b$#%# o* t&e *%('%(# o* Dr. A$bo(et$ #&o-%( t&$t t&e -o+('# o* t&e 'e)e$#e'-ere $!! *ro(t$!, t&e $ppe!!$te )o+rt re>e)te' pet%t%o(er# )!$%m t&$t $ r$pp!%( *or t&e

-e$po( eer o))+rre'. It &e!' t&$t 3%* t&ere -$# %('ee' $ r$pp!%( bet-ee( t&e t-o, $('

t&$t t&e &$' bee( #%'e [b] #%'e . . . e$)& ot&er, t&e -o+('# t&+# %(*!%)te' )o+!' (ot &$e&$' $ *ro(t"to"b$) tr$>e)tor -&%)& -o+!' !e$' to $( %(*ere()e t&$t t&e %)t%m -$# #&ot

*ro(t$!!, $# ob#ere' b Dr. A$bo(et$.3 23

Or'%($r%!, t&e !o)$t%o( o* +(#&ot -o+('# %# %('%)$t%e o* t&e po#%t%o(# o* t&e p$rt%e# $t

t&e pre)%#e mome(t -&e( t&e +( -$# *%re'. T&e%r po#%t%o(# -o+!' %( t+r( be re!e$(t to $

'eterm%($t%o( o* t&e e%#te()e o* $r%$b!e# #+)& $# tre$)&er, $re##%o( $(' #o o(.

I( t&e *$)t+$! )o(tet o* t&e pre#e(t )$#e, &o-eer, t&e !o)$t%o( o* t&e -o+('# be)ome#

%()o(#e+e(t%$!. &ere, $# %( t&%# )$#e, bot& t&e %)t%m $(' t&e $))+#e' -ere r$pp!%(*or po##e##%o( o* $ +(, t&e '%re)t%o( o* %t# (o!e m$ )o(t%(+o+#! )&$(e %( t&e

pro)e##, #+)& t&$t t&e tr$>e)tor o* t&e b+!!et -&e( t&e -e$po( *%re# be)ome#

+(pre'%)t$b!e $(' err$t%). I( t&%# )$#e, t&e ee-%t(e## $))o+(t o* t&$t $#pe)t o* t&e tr$%)

#)+**!e #&o-# t&$t t&e p$rt%e# po#%t%o(# -ere +(#te$', $(' t&$t t&e (o!e o* t&e +( -$#

(e%t&er 'e*%(%te! $%me' (or po%(te' $t $( p$rt%)+!$r t$ret. e +ote t&e ee-%t(e##

te#t%mo( $# *o!!o-#:

3M.(' -&e( t&e +( *%re' t&e +( -$# o( Tom$# $!bo$C
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.% could not see to!ards !hom the no22le of the gun !as !hen it fired )ecause

t&e -ere r$pp!%( *or t&e po##e##%o( o* t&e +(.

M.D%' o+ #ee t&e b$rre! o* t&e +( -&e( t&e +( *%re'C

.% could not really conclude to!ards !hom the )arrel of the gun !as pointedto )ecause the gun !as turning.324

3M(' -$# &e *$)%( Tom$# $!bo$ -&e( &e -$# &o!'%( t&e +( -%t& &%# r%&t

&$('C

t *%r#t, t&e -ere (ot '%re)t! *$)%( e$)& ot&er.

MSo !$ter, t&e -ere *$)%( e$)& ot&erC

T&e -ere (ot '%re)t! *$)%( e$)& ot&er. Their position did not remain steady

as they !ere grappling for the possession of the gunforce against

force.3 25

I( &%# et%t%o(, t&%# ep!$($t%o( %# %e( b pet%t%o(er:

3. . . T&e /o+rt o* ppe$!# erre' %( )o()!+'%( t&$t $!bo$ -$# #&ot *ro(t$!!.

8%r#t, be)$+#e t&e po#%t%o( o* t&e +( 'oe# (ot (e)e##$r%! %('%)$te t&e po#%t%o(

o* t&e per#o( or per#o(# &o!'%( t&e +( -&e( %t *%re'. T&%# %# e#pe)%$!! tr+e-&e( t-o per#o(# -ere r$pp!%( *or t&e po##e##%o( o* t&e +( -&e( %t *%re', $#

-&$t e$)t! tr$(#p%re' %( t&%# )$#e . . .

3[T&e] te#t%mo( )!e$r! 'emo(#tr$te# t&$t t&e pet%t%o(er -$# o( t&e !e*t #%'e o*

t&e %)t%m '+r%( t&e r$pp!%( -&e( t&e +( *%re'. T&e #e)o(' -o+(' -$# t&+#%(*!%)te' t&%# -%#e: -&e( t&e *%r#t #&ot &%t $!bo$, &%# +pper bo' -$# p+#&e'

'o-(-$r' o-%( to t&e (o)%( po-er o* t&e )$!%ber .45 p%#to!. +t &e '%' (ot

!et o o* &%# r%p o* t&e &$(' o* pet%t%o(er $(' t&e +(, $!bo$ p+!!%( t&e +('o-( $# &e -$# o%( 'o-(. &e( t&e +( -e(t o** t&e #e)o(' t%me &%tt%(

$!bo$, t&e tr$>e)tor o* t&e b+!!et %( $!bo$# bo' -$# o%( +p-$r' be)$+#e

&%# +pper bo' -$# p+#&e' 'o-(-$r' t-%#t%( to t&e !e*t. It -$# t&e( t&$t$!bo$ !et o o* &%# r%p. O( )ro##"e$m%($t%o(, pet%t%o(er te#t%*%e', !hat %

noticed !as that after successi#e shots !e separated from each other. T&%#

#e+e()e o* ee(t# %# !o%)$! be)$+#e t&e prot$o(%#t# -ere r$pp!%( oer t&e+( $(' -ere mo%( er *$#t . . .3 26

Presence of All the

Elements of Accident
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19/23

T&e e!eme(t# o* $))%'e(t $re $# *o!!o-#: 1< t&e $))+#e' -$# $t t&e t%me per*orm%( $

!$-*+! $)t -%t& '+e )$re 2< t&e re#+!t%( %(>+r -$# )$+#e' b mere $))%'e(t $(' < o(

t&e p$rt o* t&e $))+#e', t&ere -$# (o *$+!t or (o %(te(t to )$+#e t&e %(>+r. 278rom t&e

*$)t#, %t %# )!e$r t&$t $!! t&e#e e!eme(t# -ere pre#e(t. t t&e t%me o* t&e %()%'e(t, pet%t%o(er

-$# $ member L #pe)%*%)$!!, o(e o* t&e %(e#t%$tor# L o* t&e &%!%pp%(e N$t%o($!

o!%)e ;N< #t$t%o(e' $t t&e I!o%!o ro%()%$! =ob%!e 8or)e /omp$(. T&+#, %t -$# %( t&e!$-*+! per*orm$()e o* &%# '+t%e# $# %(e#t%$t%( o**%)er t&$t, +('er t&e %(#tr+)t%o(# o* &%#

#+per%or, &e *et)&e' t&e %)t%m *rom t&e !$tter# )e!! *or $ ro+t%(e %(terro$t%o(. )'!!

$%(, %t -$# %( t&e !$-*+! per*orm$()e o* &%# '+t $# $ !$- e(*or)er t&$t pet%t%o(er tr%e'

to 'e*e(' &%# po##e##%o( o* t&e -e$po( -&e( t&e %)t%m #+''e(! tr%e' to remoe %t *rom

&%# &o!#ter. # $( e(*or)er o* t&e !$-, pet%t%o(er -$# '+t"bo+(' to pree(t t&e #($t)&%(

o* &%# #er%)e -e$po( b $(o(e, e#pe)%$!! b $ 'et$%(e' per#o( %( &%# )+#to'. S+)&

-e$po( -$# !%e! to be +#e' to *$)%!%t$te e#)$pe $(' to %!! or m$%m per#o(# %( t&e%)%(%t, %()!+'%( pet%t%o(er &%m#e!*.

et%t%o(er )$((ot be *$+!te' *or (e!%e()e. He eer)%#e' $!! t&e (e)e##$r pre)$+t%o(# to

pree(t &%# #er%)e -e$po( *rom )$+#%( $))%'e(t$! &$rm to ot&er#. # &e #o $##%'+o+#!

m$%(t$%(e', &e &$' ept &%# #er%)e +( !o)e' -&e( &e !e*t &%# &o+#e &e ept %t %(#%'e %t#&o!#ter $t $!! t%me#, e#pe)%$!! -%t&%( t&e prem%#e# o* &%# -or%( $re$.

t (o %(#t$()e '+r%( &%# te#t%mo( '%' t&e $))+#e' $'m%t to $( %(te(t to )$+#e %(>+r to

t&e 'e)e$#e', m+)& !e## %!! &%m. 8+rt&ermore, N%)o#tr$to ?#tep$r, t&e +$r' %( )&$re o*

t&e 'ete(t%o( o* $!bo$, '%' (ot te#t%* to $( be&$%or o( t&e p$rt o* pet%t%o(er t&$t

-o+!' %('%)$te t&e %(te(t to &$rm t&e %)t%m -&%!e be%( *et)&e' *rom t&e 'ete(t%o( )e!!.

T&e p$rt%)%p$t%o( o* pet%t%o(er, %* $(, %( t&e %)t%m# 'e$t& -$# !%m%te' o(! to $)t#

)omm%tte' %( t&e )o+r#e o* t&e !$-*+! per*orm$()e o* &%# '+t%e# $# $( e(*or)er o* t&e !$-.

T&e remo$! o* t&e +( *rom %t# &o!#ter, t&e re!e$#e o* t&e #$*et !o), $(' t&e *%r%( o*

t&e t-o #+))e##%e #&ot# L $!! o* -&%)& !e' to t&e 'e$t& o* t&e %)t%m L -ere

#+**%)%e(t! 'emo(#tr$te' to &$e bee( )o(#e+e()e# o* )%r)+m#t$()e# beo(' t&e )o(tro!o* pet%t%o(er. t t&e er !e$#t, t&e#e *$)t+$! )%r)+m#t$()e# )re$te #er%o+# 'o+bt o( t&e

!$tter# )+!p$b%!%t.

Petitioner&s "u)se'uent Conduct

*ot Conclusi#e of +uilt

To bot& t&e tr%$! $(' t&e $ppe!!$te )o+rt#, t&e )o('+)t o* pet%t%o(er %mme'%$te! $*ter t&e

%()%'e(t -$# %('%)$t%e o* remor#e. !!ee'!, &%# +%!t -$# e%'e(t *rom t&e *$)t t&$t &e

-$# 3'+mb*o+('e',3 $))or'%( to t&e / -$# 3m+m, p$!e $(' tremb!%(,3 $))or'%( to

t&e tr%$! )o+rt. T&e#e be&$%or$! re$)t%o(# #+ppo#e'! po%(t to &%# +%!t. Not (e)e##$r%!

#o. H%# be&$%or -$# +('er#t$('$b!e. *ter $!!, $ m%(+te e$r!%er &e &$' bee( )$!m!

e#)ort%( $ per#o( *rom t&e 'ete(t%o( )e!! to t&e %(e#t%$t%( room $(', %( t&e (et
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20/23

bre$t&, &e -$# !oo%( $t &%# )omp$(%o(# b!oo'%e' bo'. H%# re$)t%o( -$# to be epe)te'

o* o(e %( $ #t$te o* #&o) $t ee(t# t&$t &$' tr$(#p%re' #o #-%*t! $(' e('e' #o rerett$b!.

"econd %ssue:

"elf-Defense

et%t%o(er $'$()e' #e!*"'e*e(#e $# $( $!ter($t%e. Gr$(t%( arguendot&$t &e

%(te(t%o($!! #&ot $!bo$, &e )!$%m# &e '%' #o to prote)t &%# !%*e $(' !%mb *rom re$! $('

%mme'%$te '$(er.

Se!*"'e*e(#e %# %()o(#%#te(t -%t& t&e eempt%( )%r)+m#t$()e o* $))%'e(t, %( -&%)& t&ere

%# (o %(te(t to %!!. O( t&e ot&er &$(', #e!*"'e*e(#e (e)e##$r%! )o(temp!$te# $

preme'%t$te' %(te(t to %!! %( or'er to 'e*e(' o(e#e!* *rom %mm%(e(t '$(er. 2

pp$re(t!, t&e *$t$! #&ot# %( t&e %(#t$(t )$#e '%' (ot o))+r o+t o* $( )o(#)%o+# or

preme'%t$te' e**ort to oerpo-er, m$%m or %!! t&e %)t%m *or t&e p+rpo#e o* #e!*"'e*e(#e

$$%(#t $( $re##%o( r$t&er, t&e $ppe$re' to be t&e #po(t$(eo+# $(' $))%'e(t$! re#+!to* bot& p$rt%e# $ttempt# to po##e## t&e *%re$rm.

S%()e t&e 'e$t& o* t&e %)t%m -$# t&e re#+!t o* $( $))%'e(t$! *%r%( o* t&e #er%)e +( o*

pet%t%o(er L $( eempt%( )%r)+m#t$()e $# 'e*%(e' %( rt%)!e 12 o* t&e Re%#e' e($!

/o'e L $ *+rt&er '%#)+##%o( o* -&et&er t&e $##$%!e' $)t# o* t&e !$tter )o(#t%t+te' !$-*+!#e!*"'e*e(#e %# +((e)e##$r.

H?R?8OR?, t&e et%t%o( %# GRNT?D $(' t&e $##$%!e' De)%#%o( R?V?RS?D.et%t%o(er %# /MEITT?D.

No )o#t#.

SO ORD?R?D.

"ando#al-+utierre2 Corona$(' Carpio $orales JJ .)o()+r.

Footnotes

1.ollo, pp. 947.

2.%d., pp. 496. S%tee(t& D%%#%o(. e((e' b A+#t%)e . . 'e*+%("'e !$ /r+ ;D%%#%o()&$%r< $(' )o()+rre' %( b A+#t%)e# ('re# . Ree# Ar. $(' Rebe))$ 'e G+%$"S$!$'or

;member#


21/23

4./ rollo, pp. 920.

5.r%tte( b A+'e $rto!ome =. 8$(+$!.

6./ rollo, p. .

7.D$te' O)tober 2, 1991 / rollo, p. .

./omme(t, pp. 27 rollo, pp. 772. /%t$t%o(# om%tte'.

9.et%t%o(, pp. 511 rollo, pp. 119. /%t$t%o(# om%tte'.

10.69 S/R 474, 479, 8ebr+$r 27, 1976.

11./ De)%#%o(, p. 16 rollo, p. 64.

12.%d., pp. 17 $(' 65. It$!%)# #+pp!%e'.

1./ De)%#%o(, p. 19 rollo, p. 67.

14.T&%# )$#e -$# 'eeme' #+bm%tte' *or 'e)%#%o( o( A$(+$r 1, 200, +po( t&%# /o+rt# re)e%pt

o* re#po('e(t# =emor$('+m, #%(e' b ##%#t$(t So!%)%tor Ge(er$! Ao#e*%($ /./$#t%!!o $(' ##o)%$te So!%)%tor Ao#ep&%(e D. r%$#. et%t%o(er# =emor$('+m, #%(e'

b tt. 8er'%($(' =. Nere $(' tt. $re( O. m+r$o"D$!$(%(, -$# *%!e' o(

O)tober 1, 2002.

15.et%t%o(er# =emor$('+m, pp. 1516 rollo, pp. 126127. Or%%($! %( +pper )$#e.

16.Borromeo #."un, 75 &%!. 595, O)tober 22, 1999.

17.People #.Cari'ue2, 7 &%!. 77, September 27, 1999. To 'eterm%(e $))%'e(t, t&e

*o!!o-%( t&ree e!eme(t# m+#t )o()+r: 1< t&e $))+#e' %# per*orm%( $ !$-*+! $)t -%t&

'+e )$re 2< t&e re#+!t%( %(>+r %# )$+#e' b mere $))%'e(t $(' < o( t&e p$rt o* t&e$))+#e', t&ere %# (o *$+!t or %(te(t to )$+#e t&e %(>+r.

1.TSN, A+! 29, 1994, pp. 2240. ;?mp&$#%# #+pp!%e'

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