Intertextuality and cultural references in

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmKju-x8nnM

This scene references many films because of the various weapons he picks out, these films are: Toolbox Murders, The Untouchables, Texas Chainsaw Massacre and Seven Samurai

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7k7DWeR1hfY

This scene is a direct copy of a scene in psycho.

Jack Rabbit Slims

All the staff are famous movie stars which is a reference to popular culture

Confusions Over Time

Bruce Willis dressed as though from the 90s.

Samuel Jackson and John travolta looks as though from the 70s.

Jack Rabbit slims is set like a 50s diner.

The song they dance to is from 1964.

The ‘wolf’s car looks very modern.

Jules’ car is a 1974 Chevy Nova.

Pulp Fiction is a Perfect Example of a Postmodern Text

‘“Pulp Fiction’ is a perfect example of a postmodern text”Postmodern texts ‘make no attempt to pretend they are realist and deliberately expose their nature as constructed texts’. Strinati also describes postmodernism as "Coming to terms with and understanding a media-saturated society. The mass media, for example, were once thought of as holding up a mirror to, and thereby reflecting, a wider social reality. Now that reality is only definable in terms of surface reflection of the mirror" (1995).

‘Pulp Fiction’ is a perfect example of a postmodern text as it uses many intertextual references which ‘seek to represent media reality’. One of the most noticeable of these is when Jules uses a quote from the bible, similar to Robert Mitchum’s character in ‘Night of the Hunter’. The quote he uses is Ezekiel 25:17, which he recites to a man just before he kills him. This could be seen as unfamiliar in a crime film with gangster characters, you don’t typically see this kind of character reciting religious quotes to their targets. This is one postmodern element to the film.

Another example of intertextuality in ’Pulp Fiction’ is Mia’s haircut, which is reminiscent of Louise Brooks in Pandora’s Box. I think the reason Quentin Tarantino, the director, uses these text references is for the benefit of the audience who notices them. It makes them feel more involved in the film because they know or have noticed something that a different viewer may not have.

Intertextuality

Another intertextual reference is when Butch chooses which weapon to use when he saves Marsellus. Links to ‘The Toolbox Murders’, ‘The Untouchables’, ‘Texas Chainsaw Massacre’ and ‘Seven Samurai’ are shown in this scene when Butch picks up a hammer, a baseball bat, then a chainsaw, and finally a samurai sword.

Intertextuality Deliverance (1972): The scenes involving Zed raping

Marcellus are inspired by scenes from this film.

A Clockwork Orange (1971): The infamous basement rape sequence references the equally notorious rape scenes in 'A Clockwork Orange', including the orange gag balls used on the victims and pop music used in contrast.

http://www.tarantino.info/wiki/index.php/Pulp_Fiction_Movie_References_Guide - link to all the references made in Pulp Fiction.

Bible Quote Meta-narrative

The quote Jules uses is Ezekiel 25:17, which he recites to a man just before he kills him. This could be seen as unfamiliar in a crime film with gangster characters, you don’t typically see this kind of character reciting religious quotes to their targets. This is also a decline of the meta-narrative because it is not as blasphemous as it once would be and the meaning of the passage has been altered in a strange way.

Realism Tarantino’s narrative is non linear – he does this so the audience

remembers it is a film and the events didn’t happen. It reminds them that is it solely there for entertainment purposes.

Other unrealistic elements of the film include when Mia draws a square on the screen with her fingers, using special effects, this is a very random and unexpected aspect of the film but makes you realise that this isn’t a conventional film.

Also when Butch gets in the taxi after his fight, the background backdrop is the kind that would be used in a black and white

PSYCHO Pulp Fiction is full of homage's to other movies

1. A first example would be the way in which it copies a car scene shot for shot from an earlier film PSYCHO.

When Butch is in the car singing it is a direct homage to Psycho when the lady is driving away with the money and she sees her boss cross the road. This is achieved in PULP FICTION when Butch stops at the traffic lights and sees Marcellus Wallace then runs him over.

NUMEROUS WORKS

2. A second example of intertextuality in PULP FICTION is when Butch cycles through choosing weapons in the pawn shop. This is a homage to many films which are as follows;

hammer—The Toolbox Murders (1978) baseball bat—Walking Tall (1973); The Untouchables (1987) chainsaw—The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) The Evil Dead

II (1987) katana (samurai sword)—many, including Seven Samurai (1954);

The Yakuza (1975);Shogun Assassin (1980)

Kiss Me Deadly

Kiss Me Deadly (1955): The mysterious suitcase's glowing properties are inspired by this film.

Jack Rabbit Slims Jack Simulacrum occurs in the restaurant such as

the icons e.g. Marilyn Monroe, James Dean and Ricky Nelson making an appearance.

Mia (Uma Thurman) also things there are two Monroes.

The retro dancing is also quite 50s mise en scene is retro such as the cars they eat in and the music.

How does Pulp Fiction borrow from other movies?

Butch stops at the lights and sees Marcellus crossing the road, similar to Hitchcock’s film, ‘Psycho’ when Janet Leigh stops at a set of lights to see her boss crossing the road.

The Seven Year Itch (1955): Marilyn Monroe's blown-up skirt in JRS's mirrors this film's famous scene

Jack Rabbit Slims The misc en scene in this scene is rich in

intertextuality from classic films and famous actors/actresses. A few examples are:

James Dean - Legendary 50s actor. A waiter in Jack Rabbit Slim's. Jerry Lewis and Dean Martin - Famous comedians/actors/directors.

Part of Martin & Lewis. Marilyn Monroe - Legendary film icon/sex symbol. Died in the early

60s. One of the costumed waitresses Vincent points out. Buddy Holly - A legendary 50s rock n roll singer who was killed in a

plane crash. A waiter in JRS's. Motorcycle Gang (1957): A poster for this film can be seen in JRS's.

Mad Love (1935)Directed by Karl Freund

The backstory for Mia's Fox Force Five character, that she became a master of blades via her upbringing among circus performers; Rollo the knife thrower has the same back story in 'Mad Love'.

The Great Train Robbery (1903)Directed by Edwin S. Porter

Pumpkin & Honey Bunney's newfound method of robbery--rounding up a mass of people in a public place and stealing each's money is taken directly from 'The Great Train Robbery'.

A Clockwork Orange (1971)Directed by Stanley Kubrick

The infamous basement rape sequence references the equally notorious rape scenes in 'A Clockwork Orange', including the orange gag balls used on the victims and pop music used in contrast.

The Seven Year Itch (1955)Directed by Billy Wilder

Marilyn Monroe's blown-up skirt in JRS's mirrors this film's famous scene.

Batman (1966)

John Travolta has said that he based some of his dance moves on the Batusi dance seen here first.

INTERTEXTUALITY IN PULP FICTION

Before killing the man in the apartment, Jules recites a quote from the bible. Ezequiel 25:17.

Marcellus Wallace sold hid soul to the devil?

Throughout the film nobody knows what is in the brief case and also why Marcellus Wallace has a plaster on his head. In the bible it is said that if the devil takes your soul he takes it out of the back of your head, and with the briefcase being so important to Marcellus, it could explain what is in the briefcase.

Mia’s haircut is a reminiscent ofLouise Brooks in Pandora’s Box, (1929)

Pumpkin & Honey Bunney's newfound method of robbery--rounding up a mass of people in a public place and stealing their money-is taken directly from 'The Great Train Robbery'.

The poster in Jack Rabit Slims can also be found in : Sorority Girl(1957), Attack of the 50 foot Women (1958), Rock and Roll All Night (1957)

The automobile dining tables in Jack Rabbit Slim's are taken from 'Speedway‘ (1968).

Butch’s car is a Honda Civic, the same white Honda Civic seen in Jackie Brown, and Kill Bill: Volume 2

Butch uses a samurai sword just like The Bride in Kill Bill Vol 1(Tarantino 2003).

Taxi Driver (Martin Scorsese 1976): The shot of Esmeralda's taxi license is taken from 'Taxi Driver'.

BANDE A PART JEAN LUC GODARD (1964)

This scene influenced the dance scene with Uma Thurman and John Travolta in Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction.(A further Tarantino connection is in the name of his film production company, A Band Apart.)

The Madison scene: Shortly after, Odile and Arthur decide to dance. Franz joins them as they perform a dance routine. The music is R&B or soul music but it was known to the actors as "the Madison dance.“ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3HME4oDPN

k&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVzj2lb98WE

Uma Thurman & Anna Karina

Uma Thurman is coiffed and made up to esemble Godard's erstwhile star and lover, Anna Karina.

Kiss me deadly 1995

The mysterious suitcase's glowing properties are inspired by this film

Speedway (1968)

The automobile dining tables in JRS's are taken from 'Speedway'.

Tarantinos’s Movies

Butch's car is a Honda Civic, the same white Honda Civic seen in Jackie Brown, and Kill Bill: Volume 2.

Director Trademark : Jackie Brown looking in the mirror

Deliberately bad backgrounds. The technology in films at a similar time were a lot better and more realistic and Pulp fiction had a big budget so they could easily be able to have a better and more realistic background buy they choose not too.

Religious quotes- reference to the bible just before he commits a sin.

And I will strike down upon thee with great vengeance and furious anger those who attempt to poison and destroy my brothers. And you will know I am the Lord when I lay my vengeance upon you-

the parts of this quote which are meant to the from the bible- the righteous man and the Sheppard are not real.

Texas Chainsaw massacre

The film substitutes love for drugs- in a way the drug dealer actually looks like Jesus. Same physical appearance with a white robe on. Vincent and Mia date involves drugs and they ‘fall in love’ after saving her from a drug overdose brings them closer together.

Much has to do with the famous briefcase which belongs to Marcellus Wallace, and which Jules and Vincent capture in the apartment. We never see its contents, which emit a golden glow. There have been countless theories about what's in it ("an Egg MacGuffin," said somebody at Virginia), but of course we will never know. What we can notice is that the combination to its lock is "666" -- the sign of Satan. That has led to speculation that the Band-Aid on the back of Marcellus' neck conceals the number "666." Is Marcellus the devil? That's unknowable, but reflect that Jules, who believes he has been saved by God, lives -- while Vincent, the scoffer, dies.

War in pulp fiction

Bruce Willis is confronted as a child by the scary, intense monologue which Walken delivers — he is given responsibility over the sacred watch, which represents the duty of manhood and which has been stuffed up the rectums of two different men as POWs — this causes Willis to become psychotic, a killer

Willis’ great-grandfather is WWI, his grandfather is WWII, his father is Vietnam — and he has no war of his own, therefore he ends up fighting his war on the streets of LA with Marcellus Wallace

Esmerelda Villa-Lobos is like the beautiful foreign spy in a 40s espionage movie

The scene in the junk shop where he surveys all the possible weapons, ranging from primitive clubs to more advanced technologies, is a mini summary of the history of war

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmKju-x8nnM

This sequence appealed to a generation who felt deprived of its “big war” and suggests that wars are psychologically necessary as a kind of rite of passage

When is pulp fiction set? You can never tell Chuck Berry- released 1964- Mia and Vincent dance to the song. The bar they dance in- set in the 50s, Marilyn Monroe 50s, buddy holly also 50s The clothes, hairstyles, are representative of the 70s. Mr Wolf’s car is a modern new model car. 90s? Vincent’s mobile phone is a small model which implies modern day 90s? Vincent brags about his vintage 64’ Chevelle Malibu. This car was in its prime

during 1964-1972

Third eyes

When Vincent and Lance are attempting to give Mia the adrenaline injection, the board games "Operation" and "Life" are visible in the background.

The word "fuck" is used 265 times.

In real life, Vincent Vega's 1964 Chevelle Malibu convertible belongs to Quentin Tarantino and was stolen during the production of the film

Buscemi appears as the Buddy Holly waiter in Jack Rabbit Slim's. As Mr. Pink in Reservoir Dogs (1992), he refused to tip wait staff.

Jules' "Bad Mother Fucker" wallet actually belongs to Quentin Tarantino

In the diner when Mia orders her $5 shake, "Buddy Holly" (the waiter) asks her if she wants it "Martin and Lewis or Amos and Andy?" He is referring to two comedy duos - Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis, two white men; Amos and Andy, two black men. Basically, he is asking her if she wants a vanilla shake or a chocolate shake. She has vanilla. (Husband Marcellus is a black man and Vincent is a white man) possible reference.

Vincent Vega used heroin, whose users are notoriously constipated. This explains the significance of his bathroom scenes and Jules' comments about how he spends too much time in the bathroom

The machine pistol used to kill Vincent (by Butch) is a MacDonald Armament Corportation "M10", more commonly referred to as a Mac-10, or sometimes even the BigMac.

Deliberately bad backgrounds. The technology in films at a similar time were a lot better and more realistic and Pulp fiction had a big budget so they could easily be able to have a better and more realistic background buy they choose not too.

Religious quotes- reference to the bible just before he commits a sin.

And I will strike down upon thee with great vengeance and furious anger those who attempt to poison and destroy my brothers. And you will know I am the Lord when I lay my vengeance upon you-

the parts of this quote which are meant to the from the bible- the righteous man and the Sheppard are not real.

Texas Chainsaw massacre

The film substitutes love for drugs- in a way the drug dealer actually looks like Jesus. Same physical appearance with a white robe on. Vincent and Mia date involves drugs and they ‘fall in love’ after saving her from a drug overdose brings them closer together.

Much has to do with the famous briefcase which belongs to Marcellus Wallace, and which Jules and Vincent capture in the apartment. We never see its contents, which emit a golden glow. There have been countless theories about what's in it ("an Egg MacGuffin," said somebody at Virginia), but of course we will never know. What we can notice is that the combination to its lock is "666" -- the sign of Satan. That has led to speculation that the Band-Aid on the back of Marcellus' neck conceals the number "666." Is Marcellus the devil? That's unknowable, but reflect that Jules, who believes he has been saved by God, lives -- while Vincent, the scoffer, dies.

War in pulp fiction

Bruce Willis is confronted as a child by the scary, intense monologue which Walken delivers — he is given responsibility over the sacred watch, which represents the duty of manhood and which has been stuffed up the rectums of two different men as POWs — this causes Willis to become psychotic, a killer

Willis’ great-grandfather is WWI, his grandfather is WWII, his father is Vietnam — and he has no war of his own, therefore he ends up fighting his war on the streets of LA with Marcellus Wallace

Esmerelda Villa-Lobos is like the beautiful foreign spy in a 40s espionage movie

The scene in the junk shop where he surveys all the possible weapons, ranging from primitive clubs to more advanced technologies, is a mini summary of the history of war

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmKju-x8nnM

This sequence appealed to a generation who felt deprived of its “big war” and suggests that wars are psychologically necessary as a kind of rite of passage

When is pulp fiction set? You can never tell Chuck Berry- released 1964- Mia and Vincent dance to the song. The bar they dance in- set in the 50s, Marilyn Monroe 50s, buddy holly also 50s The clothes, hairstyles, are representative of the 70s. Mr Wolf’s car is a modern new model car. 90s? Vincent’s mobile phone is a small model which implies modern day 90s? Vincent brags about his vintage 64’ Chevelle Malibu. This car was in its prime

during 1964-1972

Third eyes

When Vincent and Lance are attempting to give Mia the adrenaline injection, the board games "Operation" and "Life" are visible in the background.

The word "fuck" is used 265 times.

In real life, Vincent Vega's 1964 Chevelle Malibu convertible belongs to Quentin Tarantino and was stolen during the production of the film

Buscemi appears as the Buddy Holly waiter in Jack Rabbit Slim's. As Mr. Pink in Reservoir Dogs (1992), he refused to tip wait staff.

Jules' "Bad Mother Fucker" wallet actually belongs to Quentin Tarantino

In the diner when Mia orders her $5 shake, "Buddy Holly" (the waiter) asks her if she wants it "Martin and Lewis or Amos and Andy?" He is referring to two comedy duos - Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis, two white men; Amos and Andy, two black men. Basically, he is asking her if she wants a vanilla shake or a chocolate shake. She has vanilla. (Husband Marcellus is a black man and Vincent is a white man) possible reference.

Vincent Vega used heroin, whose users are notoriously constipated. This explains the significance of his bathroom scenes and Jules' comments about how he spends too much time in the bathroom

The machine pistol used to kill Vincent (by Butch) is a MacDonald Armament Corportation "M10", more commonly referred to as a Mac-10, or sometimes even the BigMac.

Connection to Reservoir DogsVincent and Vic Vega (Mr Blond) are supposed bothers. At one point Quentin

Tarantino intended making a film that took place before Pulp Fiction and Reservoir Dogs about the Vega brothers. As time went on the idea was

dropped as Travolta and Madsen were to old to play the younger versions of Vincent and Vic.

Reservoir Dogs vs. Pulp FictionMany Micro Aspects used within Reservoir Dogs a very similar to those

shown in Pulp Fiction. For example the costumes and sets, props, camera angles and edits. The soundtrack is also very similar for the two

films. The clip below clearly shows this.

Saturday Night Fever?

In Pulp Fiction there is a scene of Vincent Vega dancing, this is very similar to John Travolta’s character in Saturday Night Fever. It is

suggested that Tony Manero is the young Vincent Vega before turning to a life of crime and violence. The two scenes look very similar and I

believe that Tarantino has specifically copied the camera angles and mannerisms to imply this.

(1977 - John Badham)

CelebritiesAmos and Andy - A black comedy duo who were on the radio and TV in the early 20th century. (Mia's milkshake choice #1) James Dean - Legendary 50s actor. A waiter in Jack Rabbit Slim's. Anne Frank - Not necessarily a celebrity, but is mentioned during a deleted extended portion of the JRS's date. Cary Grant - Legendary actor. In the script, instead of Jules' "Charming Pig" dialogue referencing Arnold from Green Acres, he says "It would have to be the Cary Grant of pigs". Lash La Rue - The Wolf asks Vincent "What about you, Lash La Rue? Can you keep your spurs from jingling and jangling?", a reference to the famous cowboy actor. Jerry Lewis - Famous comedian/actor/director. Part of Martin & Lewis. Seen in JRS's with Dean Martin. Jayne Mansfield - Model/actress. Died in the 60s in a car accident. Vincent mentions her. Dean Martin - Famous singer/actor. Part of Martin & Lewis. Seen in JRS's with Jerry Lewis. Marilyn Monroe - Legendary film icon/sex symbol. Died in the early 60s. One of the costumed waitresses Vincent points out. Martin & Lewis - Mia's milkshake choice #2 Nick Nolte - Referenced in the deleted scene where Mia interviews Vincent. Donna Reed - A waitress in JRS's. Johnny Roventini - The Phillip Morris midget in JRS's is a reference to this 'living mascot' for the Phillip Morris company. Peter Strauss - Referenced in the deleted scene where Mia interviews Vincent. Ken Takakura - In the script, Butch is said to be pointing his katana downward, Ken Takakura style. Mamie Van Doren - One of the costumed waitresses Vincent points out. Jimmie Walker - In the script, Jules mentions Jimmie Walker in his "You ready to blow?" rant. Barbara Walters - Referenced in the deleted scene where Mia interviews Vincent. Andy Warhol - Mia reference's Warhol's line about "15 Minutes of Fame".

Other Movies referenced…The Great Train Robbery (1903): Pumpkin & Honey Bunney's newfound method of robbery--rounding up a mass of people in a public place and stealing each's money--is taken directly from 'The Great Train Robbery'. Pandora's Box (1929): Several of Mia Wallace's moves during the twist sequence are taken from 'Pandora's Box'. Mad Love (1935): The backstory for Mia's Fox Force Five character, that she became a master of blades via her upbringing among circus performers; Rollo the knifethrower has the same back story in 'Mad Love'. His Girl Friday (1941): Mia's line "Mind rolling me one of those?" is an almost identical quote from 'His Girl Friday'. Wake Island (1942): Captain Koons refers to the Battle of Wake Island in his story. Air Force (1943): Captain Koons mentions an air force gunner named Winocki in his story; the name and military position was taken from this film. Murder, My Sweet (1944): During the 'Heroin Montage', the shots of Vincent driving, including the black-and-white process shot of the road behind him mirror shots from 'Murder My Sweet'. It's a Wonderful Life (1946): The small path to Mia's house after the dance sequence identical to the one in this film. Out of the Past (1947): Vincent & Mia's "They" conversation inspired by dialogue from 'Out of the Past'; influential film-noir. King of the Bullwhip (1950): The Wolf calls Vincent 'Lash La Rue', referencing this film's main character/actor. Lili (1953): Lili draws apparent influence on Fabienne's naive, waifish French girl character, also; Lili's most treasured possession is her deceased father's gold pocket watch, unmistakably referenced in 'Pulp Fiction'. On the Waterfront (1954): Draws influence on Butch's washed up boxer character. Also, the fighter Butch is supposed to take a dive against is named Wilson, the same name as the fighter Terry Malloy actually does dive against. All That Heaven Allows (1955): Vincent orders the Douglas Sirk steak, referencing this film's director. Kiss Me Deadly (1955): The mysterious suitcase's glowing properties are inspired by this film. The Seven Year Itch (1955): Marilyn Monroe's blown-up skirt in JRS's mirrors this film's famous scene. The Ten Commandments (1956): Quoted during the deleted scene at Monster Joe's Truck and Tow. Attack of the Crab Monsters (1957): A poster for this film can be seen in JRS's. Dragstrip Girl (1957): A poster for this film can be seen in JRS's. Jailhouse Rock (1957): Multiple dialogue lifts; Vincent is called 'An Elvis man'; Elvis plays main character named Vince. Motorcycle Gang (1957): A poster for this film can be seen in JRS's. Rock All Night (1957): A poster for this film can be seen in JRS's. Sorority Girl (1957): A poster for this film can be seen in JRS's.

Movie References continued…Attack of the 50 Foot Woman (1958): A poster for this film can be seen in JRS's. Daddy-O (1958): A poster for this film can be seen in JRS's.; Mia calls Vincent "daddy-o" shortly before entering JRS's. High School Confidential! (1958): A poster for this film can be seen in JRS's. Machine-Gun Kelly (1958): A poster for this film can be seen in JRS's. Something for the Girls (1958): A poster for this film can be seen in JRS's. Rio Bravo (1959): Butch insisting Zed pick up his gun is taken directly from a scene in 'Rio Bravo'. Roadracers (1959): A poster for this film can be seen in JRS's. Psycho (1960): The shot of Marcellus turning his head to see Butch in his car is taken directly from Psycho. Shoot the Piano Player (1960): Identical shot of a finger ringing a doorbell. The Guns of Navarone (1961): Jules mentions this film by title during his "You Ready to Blow?" rant at Vincent. The Hustler (1961): During the taxicab sequence, in the process shot of the streets behind the cab, a marquee is visible advertising 'The Hustler'. Jules and Jim (1962): Is covertly referenced in Jimmie's "Don't fucking Jimmie me Jules!" rant. My Life to Live (1962): Mia's dialogue pondering why people can't comfortably share silences is inspired by dialogue from this film. 8 1/2 (1963): Mia and Vincent's twist mirrors the brief dance scene between Guido and Gloria. Black Sabbath (1963): The three-story plot structure of Pulp Fiction is influenced by this film. The Young Racers (1963): A poster for this film can be seen in JRS's. Band of Outsiders (1964): Uma Thurman and John Travolta were shown this film's famous dancing scene to give them an idea of how to perform in their own dance sequence. Mia Wallace's look was also partially influenced by Anna Karina's look in this film. Quentin Tarantino's production company is also named after this film's French title, "Bande a part". Alphaville, a Strange Adventure of Lemmy Caution (1965): The shots of Jules & Vincent as they walk through the apartment building halls mirror shots of Lemmy & the "Seductress" walking down the hotel hallways; same type of hallway, same angles, use of long-take, etc. Red Line 7000 (1965): The race car game seen briefly in JRS's is taken from this film. It is also mentioned in the original draft of the script by Vincent during his "Racecar in the Red" rant. Batman (1966): John Travolta has said that he based some of his dance moves on the Batusi dance seen here first.

Tarantino uses many different scenes from other types of films.The first one is the scene when butch pulls up at the traffic lights and sees Marcellus Wallace looking at him then he runs him over. This is a scene which has been borrowed from the film psycho ( 1960 ). Directed Alfred Hitchcock

More Homage's

Pulp fiction also makes reference to other films including the film kiss me deadly 1955, Robert Aldrich at the scene where lily carver glazes into a glowing case. John Travolta also does the exact same thing with he’s case..

They also give reference to mc Donald's when Jules and Vincent are in the car.

Reference's to other weapons from other films

When butch is about to chose a weapon to kill the people in the shop he goes through certain weapons that are used in other films.

The Texas Chainsaw Massacre Tobe Hooper (1974) Also References to Halloween, john Carpenter, (1974) when they need to stab Mia.

Dance SceneHomage

•Many have assumed that the dance sequence at Jack Rabbit Slim's was intended as a reference to Travolta's star-making performance as Tony Manero.

•‘Everybody thinks that I wrote this scene just to have John Travolta dancing. But the scene existed before John Travolta was cast. But once he was cast, it was like, "Great. We get to see John dance. All the better."... My favourite musical sequences have always been in Godard, because they just come out of nowhere. It's so infectious, so friendly. And the fact that it's not a musical, but he's stopping the movie to have a musical sequence, makes it all the more sweet’

•Saturday Night Fever was claimed to be inspiration to the dance although Tarantino said this was not the case and instead his inspiration was Bande à part

High Art and Low Art‘’The path of the righteous man is beset on all sides by the iniquities of the selfish and the tyranny of evil men. Blessed is he who, in the name of charity and good will, shepherds the weak through the valley of the darkness. For he is truly his brother's keeper and the finder of lost children. And I will strike down upon thee with great vengeance and furious anger those who attempt to poison and destroy my brothers. And you will know I am the Lord when I lay my vengeance upon you.’’This is a quote which is used more than once throughout the

film Pulp Fiction. The Bible is seen as a very highly religious item and in this film this quote from the Bible is used just before a man is shot. It is a mixture of high and low art as shooting people is seen as sinful in the Bible and looked down upon whereas the Bible very important.

Style Over Substance

During Pulp fiction mia does ‘a box’ image which is used to make the film more appealing. It was a cool thing to do during that era which makes it more postmodern.

The setting of the date between them both also does this.

Halloween (1978) John Carpenter In the script, Vincent Vega holds the needle of adrenaline from the overdose scene like "The Shape" from the horror film Halloween.

PULP FICTION Pulp fiction is distinctly recognisable as a postmodern film, in including key aspects of intertexuality. Both in terms of narrative and dialogue, Pulp Fiction is a deeply intertextual work. Quentin Tarantino, the director uses the name of the film to tell the viewer that basically the film is ‘trashy’ put together and is not used for the viewer to get involved or convey a message. Therefore the title of the film is extremely post modernism.

Quentin Tarantino

Time And Space

Used throughout the entire film, with no chronological order. This makes the film confusing yet is more appealing because it makes you want to watch on and find out what the film is really meant to be about. An example about this is that the film starts and ends with the same scene although different lines and used and the ending to both scenes are different yet set in the same time and place.

Intertexual posters found in JR’s Bar

We find 5 posters in JR’s bar that all reference past films. In the top left picture we see posters for Motorcycle Gang and Attack Of The 50 Foot Woman. Top right we see posters for Rock All Night, Sorority Girl and finally the bottom image shows a poster for The Young Racers.

Inter-textual scene from ‘Three Days of the Condor’ (1975)

After Vincent’s death we notice he dies in a distinctly identical position to a character from Three Days of the Condor .

The book Modesty Blaise is also referenced in two scenes, including this one.

Intertexuality

Mia Wallace's hair bears a resemblance to that of Anna Karina in Godard's Vire sa vie;

Three Days of the Condor (1975): Vincent Vega's death in the bathroom is cited from a similar scene in this filmSpeedway (1968):

The automobile dining tables in JRS's are taken from 'Speedway'

The Seven Year Itch (1955): Marilyn Monroe's blown-up skirt in JRS's mirrors this film's famous scene.

Psycho (1960): The shot of Marcellus turning his head to see Butch in his car is taken directly from Psycho