polymeric materials for tissue engineering
TRANSCRIPT
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Nararia Askarningsih
1106154343
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Application of biological, mechanical andengineering principles to the repair,
restoration, or regeneration of living tissuesusing biomaterials, cells and growth factors.
Main approach :
Replacement or repair of damaged or failedtissues by creation of environment whichpromotes the native capacity of cells tointegrate.
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Developed because transplantation of tissuesand organs possess limitation (infection,
limited availability, immunoincompability,disease transmission, etc)
Scaffolds : provide structural support togrowing cells and 3D environment to guidethe formation of new tissue.
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Hydrogels :Provide a moist wound covering conducive to
healing and protect the wound from infection Frequently used for soft tissue regenerationActed as a scaffold for tissue regeneration
and protective barrier Lack of mechanical properties.
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Degradable or nondegradable polymerswhich is used for biomaterials applications
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Biodegradable polymers :those which degrade in vitro and in vivo
either into products that are normalmetabolites of the body.
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Playing important role in cell adhesion to thatsurface and influencing a cells’s ability attach
and spread. Affects the metabolic activity
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Its degradation products should beNONTOXIC
Rate of degradation and mechanicalproperties of material should match theintended application.
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Skin Regeneration
Cartilage Regeneration Bone Regeneration
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Developed to undergo the skin traumacaused by heat, chemicals, electricity, andUV
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Proper water evaporation Size requirements (20-125 µm) Protective barrier Prevent dehydration and infection Maintain communication between epidermis
and dermis
Materials must account for the vascularneeds of both new and old tissues.
Adequate wetting and draping
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For epithelial skin
replacement :
Polyurethan sheet
support cell growth
Dermal replacement :
Silastic sheet and polylactide-co- glycolide,
PLGA (syntheticpolymer) temporarybarriers, mechanical
stability, template fortissue regeneration
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Full-thickness replacement :
soft polyethylene glycol-terephtalate and
hard polybutylene terephtalate copolymer
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10 % GlycolicPolymer
Body Scrub containsparticle polyethylene
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Connecting soft elastic tissue in various partsof the body
The primary function for cartilage is todistribute stress in load-bearing site andreduce friction during joint motion
Developed because cartilage defects cannotheal themselves due to lack of blood supply inthe tissue and the absence of undifferentiated cells for repair
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Current research has focused on hyalinecartilage. Hyaline cartilage exists as the
predominant form of cartilage in the bodyand coats the surfaces of articulating joints.
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Degradable materials is favorable because it canform a temporary scaffold for mechanical andbiochemical support
Sufficient mechanical properties for jointloading
Incorporating biochemical environment andporosities
Accommodating cellular infiltration Allowing desired degradation rates Providing suitable mechanisms for surgical
handling
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Nondegradable :poly vinyl alcoholpoly hydroxyethyl
methacrulatepoly N-isopropylacrylamideand polyethilene oxide
(injectable hydrogel)
Degradable :
Polyglycolic acid
polylactic acid
Alginate (not native to
human body)
Collagen (connective
tissue in human body)Chitosan (low cost,
biocompatible)
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Chitosan Nanofibers
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Bone is very dense, specialized form of connective tissue. Bone matrix consists of collagen and hydoxyapatite
This regeneration involves the synthesis of hydroxyapatite and recreation of structure,also mechanical stability
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Biocompatible Moldable, shapeable, in situ to ensure a good fit
in the defect area
Support cellular adhesion and growth Maintain cellular differentiation Provide porous matrix so nutrients and wastes
can easily diffuse
Degrade into biocompatible products Have compressive strength of 5MPa and
modulus of 50 Mpa Have a good surface chemistry to influence
behavior of cells
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Natural Polymer : Collagen, Hyaluronic cid andChitosan
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biodegradable co-polymerscomposed of L-lactic, D-lactic,glycolic acid and trimethylenecarbonate(as barrier membranes for boneregeneration)
Polyethylene glicol polylactide
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Lakshmi S. Nair, Cato T. Laurencin.2005. Polymers as Biomaterials
for Tissue Engineering and Controlled Drug Delivery . Advance
Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology
B.L Seal, T.C Otero, A. Panitch.2001.Polymeric biomaterials for
tissue and organ regeneration. Material Science and Engineering
Joseph Jagur-Grodzinski.2006.Polymers for tissue engineering,
medical devices, and regenerative medicine. Concise general review
of recent studies. Polymer for Advanced Technologies:Wiley
InterScience