polycystic kidney disease
TRANSCRIPT
Urinary System Castillo Garcia Mariela
Leal Garcia Cesar
Treviño Rodriguez Karen Alejandra
Urinary tract infections
Infections are caused by microbes, including fungi, viruses, and bacteria.
Normally, bacteria that enter the urinary tract arerapidly removed by the body before they cause symptoms.
Women tend to have UTI more often than men.
•Urinary tract infections are the second most common type of infection in the body.
-Urethra: urethritis -Bladder: cystitis -Ureters: ureteritis -Kidneys: pyelonephritis
Common pathogens UTI:
Proteus mirabilisKlebsiellaE. coliEnterococciEnterobacter
Most UTIs are caused by bacteria that live in the bowel. The bacterium Escherichia coli causes the vast majority of UTIs.
Symptoms
UrgencyFrequency of micturitionPain in the abdomen Pain on one side of the back under the ribs. FeverNauseaVomiting
According to some reports, about 4 to 5 percent of pregnant women develop a UTI. Scientists think that hormonal changes and shifts in the position of the urinary tract during pregnancy make it easier for bacteria to travel up the ureters to the kidneys and cause infection.
-routinely screen pregnant women for bacteria in the urine.
UTI during pregnancy
Diagnosis
To find out whether a person has a UTI, the health care provider will ask about urinary symptoms and then test a sample of urine for the presence of bacteria and white blood cells.
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys
Autosomal dominant PKD + : Symptoms usually develop between the ages of 30 and 40, but they can begin earlier even in childhood. (90%)
Autosomal recessive PKD - : Symptoms can begin in the earliest months of life, even in the womb.
50%
25%
Symptoms & Complications
Pain in the back and the sides between the ribs and hips
Headaches The pain can
be temporary or persistent, mild or severe.
Urinary tract infections
Hematuria Liver and pancreatic
cysts Abnormal heart
valves High blood pressure Kidney stones Aneurysms in the
brain Diverticulosis Pregnancy
complications Loss of kidney
function
Diagnostic
Ultrasound examination
Computerized tomography scan
Magnetic resonance imaging
Genetic testing
Treatment PKD has no cure. Treatments include:
Medicine to control high blood pressure
Medicine and surgery to reduce pain
Antibiotics to resolve infections
Dialysis to replace functions of failed kidneys
Kidney transplantation
NephrolithiasisAlternative Names
Renal calculi; Stones - kidney
Definition A kidney stone is a solid mass made up of tiny crystals. One or more stones can be in the kidney or ureter at the same time.
Kidney stones are a common cause of blood in the urine and pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. Kidney stones occur in 1 of 20 people at some time in their life.
WHERE IS THE STONE?
kidney (nephrolithiasis)
Ureter (ureterolithiasis)
Bladder (cystolithiasis)
SymptomsThe main symptom is severe pain that starts suddenly
Pain may be felt in the belly area or side of the back
Pain may move to groin area (groin pain)
Other symptoms can include:
Abnormal urine color
Blood in the urine
Chills
Fever
Nausea
Vomiting
PreventionIf you have a history of stones, drink plenty of fluids (6 - 8 glasses of water per day) to produce enough urine. Depending on the type of stone, you might need to take medications or other measures to prevent the stones from returning.