pols 3620 women mobility
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Women in Modernization:Britain and China
SUN Yingci (09051651)
David CHOW (08037221)
LU Ran (08050066)
In this presentationIn this presentation
• Waves of Fashion Physical Mobility
economic capital, cultural capital ( education), human capital, etc.
Social Mobility
Women’s Social Participation
SUN (09051651)
Definition Definition
• Physical mobility: the ability of humans to move around their environment
• Social mobility: the movement of people in a population from one social class or level to another.
• vertical mobility -- from one socio-economic level to another, often by changing jobs or marrying;
• horizontal mobility -- movement from one position to another within the same social level
SUN (09051651)
From Victoria era—1910s To 1920s
• Let’s start with the
stereotype of ‘beauties’
back in the Britain then.
Time of those beauties in
• Victoria era: traditional, man-dominant society
• 1910s: still under deep influence of Victoria Era but changes were being born
• 1920s : Industrialization, ‘feminization’ of some labor-intensive industry
SUN (09051651)
Physical Mobility Victorian era-1910s
• women’s duty to make herself beautiful
(modesty, natural beauty innocence, elegance)
• They had quite some “beautiful aids”
SUN (09051651)
Physical Mobility: beauty aids
• Evolves from the late 1860s • First (1870s) and Second Bustle
(1880s) Period • The bustles is heavier, more
complicated decorated in the 2nd period
Fallpers in the roaring 1920s
In the 1920s, a new woman was born.
She smoked, drank, danced, and voted.
She cut her hair, wore make-up, and went to petting parties.
She was giddy and took risks. She was a flapper.
Physical Mobility: 1920s
• a new corset which created an S bend to the figure
• The dresses are more stylish and walker-friendly though still decorated in a complicated manner, so that cage-like bustles are no longer necessary
• More importantly, cosmetics, sports dress, working attire began to emerge in scale.
SUN (09051651)
Social Mobility: 1920s
• Machine. PeriodInd. Rev
Women compete w/men for jobs
More labor saving devices & birth of consumer society
Liberalism---should also apply for women
Cosmetics ad.
More women in ‘female’ jobs as teachers, sectaries
Women pursue univ. education
Suffrage movement to get vote
More sports, social life, less confining fashion
WWI: wm more essential
Women at home: consumers, social issue involvers
SUN (09051651)
II. Women in China from late Ching
(1890s) to 1920s Ching Dynasty The Republic of China (1920s)
VS
CHOW (08037221)
1. Shoes
Disadvantages:1.The shoes have limited the physical
distance that Women are able to walk
CHOW (08037221)
2. Hair Style
• Disadvantages: 1.Take a long time to prepare the hair
before going out2.The long hair will take up long time
to manage
3. Decoration1. A Westernization as shown in the
photo of hat2. Glasses ,Hat and dress from the
West
Social Mobility: 1. WesternizationWomen adopted a Western Culture in
some big city, like Shanghai, Guangzhou
The actress/ Celebrities/Advertisements set a new style/ model of change to show the meaning of “Modern Woman”
2. Reformed Old tradition1. Some old tradition in Chinese Context is preserved
2. Simplified cheongsam became a fashion
3. Some traditions were abolished
CHOW (08037221)
Modernization theory
• Changes produced by modernization:
- Women’s self-image (Lerner 1958)- How men view women’s roles and
status (Inkeles and Smith 1974)
LU (08050066)
Contributors to female emancipation
• Industrialization and Employment • Education • Family planning • Political rights
LU (08050066)
1. Women in the workforce
Britain China
Industrialization 1900s
Anti-capitalismInitiated by the state
2. Education
Britain China
Elementary Education Act (1870)Conservativeness
Liang Qichao, “On the Education of Women” (1897)National strength1954 Constitution
3. Family planning
Britain China
Birth control Spontaneous movements
Abolition of polygamy Marital rightsBirth controlState feminism