Pollution of the Pollution of the HydrosphereHydrosphere

ObjectivesObjectives

Describe the negative effects of sediment pollutionDescribe the negative effects of sediment pollution Trace the effects of nutrient pollution in an aquatic Trace the effects of nutrient pollution in an aquatic

ecosystemecosystem ID sources of toxic organic & toxic inorganic ID sources of toxic organic & toxic inorganic

pollutantspollutants Describe two waterborne illnesses & their sourcesDescribe two waterborne illnesses & their sources Differentiate between types of thermal pollution and Differentiate between types of thermal pollution and

describe the negative effect of each on aquatic describe the negative effect of each on aquatic ecosystemsecosystems

Why is Freshwater Important?Why is Freshwater Important?

All organisms require freshwater to liveAll organisms require freshwater to live

Less than 1% of all Earth’s water is Less than 1% of all Earth’s water is useableuseable freshwaterfreshwater

Freshwater is not evenly distributed on EarthFreshwater is not evenly distributed on Earth

What is Pollution?What is Pollution?

The addition of any The addition of any substance that has a substance that has a negative effect on water negative effect on water or on the living things or on the living things that depend on the waterthat depend on the water

Sediment PollutionSediment Pollution

# 1 form of water # 1 form of water pollutionpollution

Occurs when eroding Occurs when eroding soil particles are soil particles are washed into water by washed into water by runoffrunoff

Causes of Sediment PollutionCauses of Sediment Pollution

Exposed Exposed agricultural agricultural fieldsfields

Clear-cut Clear-cut logging logging operationsoperations

Construction Construction sitessites

Effects of Sediment PollutionEffects of Sediment Pollution Reduces amount of sunlight penetrating waterReduces amount of sunlight penetrating water

Less photosynthesisLess photosynthesis Reduces food supplyReduces food supply

Clogs gills of fish, amphibians, etcClogs gills of fish, amphibians, etc Can’t get oxygenCan’t get oxygen

Reduces visionReduces vision Some species rely on vision for hunting foodSome species rely on vision for hunting food

Negatively affects spawningNegatively affects spawning Fewer eggs…fewer organismsFewer eggs…fewer organisms

Make water more shallowMake water more shallow Upsets ecosystemUpsets ecosystem Promotes more floodingPromotes more flooding

Nutrient PollutionNutrient Pollution

Increase in the amount Increase in the amount of water soluble of water soluble chemicals such as chemicals such as nitrates & phosphates nitrates & phosphates in waterin water

These chemicals act as These chemicals act as fertilizers to aquatic fertilizers to aquatic plantsplants

Sources of Nutrient PollutionSources of Nutrient Pollution Fertilizers applied Fertilizers applied

on lawns, gardens, on lawns, gardens, & farms& farms

Leaking septic Leaking septic systemssystems

Wastewater Wastewater treatment plantstreatment plants

DetergentsDetergents

Effects of Nutrient PollutionEffects of Nutrient Pollution EutrophicationEutrophication (imbalance in aquatic ecosystem) (imbalance in aquatic ecosystem)

Algal bloom - More algaeAlgal bloom - More algae More algae diesMore algae dies Decaying algae decomposed by Decaying algae decomposed by aerobic bacteriaaerobic bacteria

Aerobic bacteria – use oxygenAerobic bacteria – use oxygen Less oxygen in water = Less oxygen in water = hypoxiahypoxia Other organisms dieOther organisms die Decaying organisms build up on bottom, making Decaying organisms build up on bottom, making

water more shallowwater more shallow Algal blooms clog pipesAlgal blooms clog pipes Algal blooms clog boat enginesAlgal blooms clog boat engines

EutrophicationEutrophication

EutrophicationEutrophication

Toxic Organic CompoundsToxic Organic Compounds Contamination Contamination

containing carbon atomscontaining carbon atoms Includes: oil, gasoline, Includes: oil, gasoline,

solvents, pesticides, solvents, pesticides, herbicidesherbicides

Sources of TOCsSources of TOCs

Oil tanker spillsOil tanker spills Underground fuel storage tanksUnderground fuel storage tanks Lawn maintenance Lawn maintenance Agriculture: herbicides, pesticides, manureAgriculture: herbicides, pesticides, manure

Effects of TOCsEffects of TOCs

Toxic to living Toxic to living organismsorganisms

Oil can on bird feathers Oil can on bird feathers and animal fur, and animal fur, restricting their restricting their movementmovement Can’t hunt, they’ll dieCan’t hunt, they’ll die

Affects tourismAffects tourism

Toxic Inorganic CompoundsToxic Inorganic Compounds

Contaminants that don’t contain carbonContaminants that don’t contain carbon Heavy metals: arsenic, mercury, leadHeavy metals: arsenic, mercury, lead Synthetic industrial chemicalsSynthetic industrial chemicals

Sources of TICsSources of TICs

Poor waste disposal practicesPoor waste disposal practices Leaking landfillsLeaking landfills Abandoned industrial sitesAbandoned industrial sites

Effects of TICsEffects of TICs TICs don’t break down as TICs don’t break down as

readily as TOCsreadily as TOCs

Can remain in environment for Can remain in environment for many years causing:many years causing: Long term health problemsLong term health problems DeathDeath

BioaccumulationBioaccumulation - increase in - increase in concentration of a pollutant concentration of a pollutant from the environment to the from the environment to the first organism in a food first organism in a food chainchain

BiomagnificationBiomagnification -increase in -increase in concentration of a pollutant concentration of a pollutant from one link in a food chain to from one link in a food chain to anotheranother

Effects of TICsEffects of TICs

Disease-causing AgentsDisease-causing Agents

VirusesViruses BacteriaBacteria AmoebaAmoeba ProtozoaProtozoa Parasitic wormsParasitic worms

Sources of Disease-causing AgentsSources of Disease-causing Agents

Human wasteHuman waste Animal wasteAnimal waste Waste waterWaste water

Effects of Disease-causing AgentsEffects of Disease-causing Agents

Waterbourne illnessesWaterbourne illnesses E.ColiE.Coli TyphoidTyphoid MalariaMalaria HepatitisHepatitis CholeraCholera DysenteryDysentery

Can cause deathCan cause death

Thermal PollutionThermal Pollution

Temperature change to Temperature change to waterwater

Causes change in Causes change in aquatic environmentaquatic environment

Can cause change in Can cause change in oxygen level of wateroxygen level of water Cold water holds more Cold water holds more

oxygen than warm wateroxygen than warm water

Causes of Thermal PollutionCauses of Thermal Pollution

Industry uses water. Water Industry uses water. Water is heated in industrial is heated in industrial process then returned to process then returned to river or lake. River or lake river or lake. River or lake environment is now warmer.environment is now warmer.

Dams built on rivers. Water Dams built on rivers. Water behind dam builds up…gets behind dam builds up…gets deeper. Deeper water is deeper. Deeper water is colder. colder.

Effects of Thermal PollutionEffects of Thermal Pollution

Changes in water Changes in water temperature are changes to temperature are changes to the aquatic environment.the aquatic environment.

Some species are not able Some species are not able to tolerate the temperature to tolerate the temperature differences and die off. differences and die off.

Whole aquatic ecosystem Whole aquatic ecosystem is affected, changed.is affected, changed.