Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

POLLUTED EMISSION TREATMENTS

FROM INCINERATOR GASES

Pierre Le Cloirec

Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de RennesAvenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu

35700 Rennes, FranceTel 33 (0)2 23 23 80 02

Fax 33 (0)2 23 23 81 11

e-mail Pierre.Le-Cloirec@ensc-rennes.fr

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

POLLUTED EMISSION TREATMENTS

FROM INCINERATOR GASES

Pierre Le Cloirec

Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de RennesAvenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu

35700 Rennes, FranceTel 33 (0)2 23 23 80 02

Fax 33 (0)2 23 23 81 11

e-mail Pierre.Le-Cloirec@ensc-rennes.fr

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Air

Slug

Waste

1000°C240°C

320°C80°C

50°C

Primarycombustionchamber

Post-combustionchamber

FlueGas

Fly ash

Fly ash

Lime

NH3

INCINERATOR

ENERGY RECOVERY

ELECTROSTATICPRECIPITATTOR

BAGHOUSEFILTERS

WETSCRUBBER

SCR - CAT REACTOR

AirPre-Heater

Postheating

ActivatedCarbonBase agent

ExternalHeating

(adapted from Fino

et al., 2005)

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Air

Slug

Waste

1000°C240°C

320°C80°C

50°C

Primarycombustionchamber

Post-combustionchamber

FlueGas

Fly ash

Fly ash

Lime

NH3

INCINERATOR

ENERGY RECOVERY

ELECTROSTATICPRECIPITATTOR

BAGHOUSEFILTERS

WETSCRUBBER

SCR - CAT REACTOR

AirPre-Heater

Postheating

ActivatedCarbonBase agent

ExternalHeating

(adapted from Fino

et al., 2005)

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes Energy

recovery

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Air

Slug

Waste

1000°C240°C

320°C80°C

50°C

Primarycombustionchamber

Post-combustionchamber

FlueGas

Fly ash

Fly ash

Lime

NH3

INCINERATOR

ENERGY RECOVERY

ELECTROSTATICPRECIPITATTOR

BAGHOUSEFILTERS

WETSCRUBBER

SCR - CAT REACTOR

AirPre-Heater

Postheating

ActivatedCarbonBase agent

ExternalHeating

(adapted from Fino

et al., 2005)

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Particule size

10 -6 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10 4

Taille (m)

rain

bacteria

dust

fumes

cloud -fog

1 Å 1 nm 1 m 1mm

molecules

macromolecule

smokes

hair

X Rays UV Visible IR micro-waves, radar

soots

virus

pollen

drizzle

fly ashes

smog

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Electrostatic

precipitator

Coulson-Richardson, 1997

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Electrostatic

precipitator

Efficiency

(%)

Particle

size (m)

Techniques de l’Ingénieur -

Génie des Procédés

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Electrostatic

precipitator

Technique de l’Ingénieur -

Génie des Procédés

High voltage

Collector

plates Hoppers

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Electrostatic

precipitator

Tredi Groupe Séché, France

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Filtration mechanisms

U

B

A

C

Particle

trajectoryStreamline

Mode of action of thebasic mechanisms:

A Interception

B Sedimentation

C Diffusion -

Adsorption

For an isolated single sphere:

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Particle aggregates on fibersParticle diameter = 2.6 mD. Thomas, 2005

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Particle dendritesParticle diameter = 0.15 mD. Thomas, 2005

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Total Removal

Particle diameter

Efficien

cy

D. Thomas, 2005

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

General view

of «

Bag House

»

Coulson-Richardson, 1997

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes Industrial

system example

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Cyclone

Techniques de l’Ingénieur -

Génie des Procédés

Gas

inlet

Gas

outlet

Dust

collector

Dust

outlet

Vortex breaker

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Air

Slug

Waste

1000°C240°C

320°C80°C

50°C

Primarycombustionchamber

Post-combustionchamber

FlueGas

Fly ash

Fly ash

Lime

NH3

INCINERATOR

ENERGY RECOVERY

ELECTROSTATICPRECIPITATTOR

BAGHOUSEFILTERS

WETSCRUBBER

SCR - CAT REACTOR

AirPre-Heater

Postheating

ActivatedCarbonBase agent

ExternalHeating

DeNox

(adapted from Fino

et al., 2005)

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

DeNox

NO2 or NO N2

N2 NH3

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

DeNox

4NO + 4NH3 + O2 --Catalyst ---> 4N2 + 6H2 O

2NO2 + 4NH3 + O2 --Catalyst ---> 3N2 + 6H2 O

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

DeNOx

•

Inert support–

Alumino

silicate

–

Zeolites

•

Metal–

Pt

–

Pd, V, Zr...

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

NOx

removal

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Air

Slug

Waste

1000°C240°C

320°C80°C

50°C

Primarycombustionchamber

Post-combustionchamber

FlueGas

Fly ash

Fly ash

Lime

NH3

INCINERATOR

ENERGY RECOVERY

ELECTROSTATICPRECIPITATTOR

BAGHOUSEFILTERS

WETSCRUBBER

SCR - CAT REACTOR

AirPre-Heater

Postheating

ActivatedCarbonBase agent

ExternalHeating

(adapted from Fino

et al., 2005)

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Gas

-

Liquid

transfer

Gas Liquid

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Absorption with

reaction

Chemical

reactionA --> B

Gas Liquid

G-L Interface

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

•

Spray column

•

Packed

column

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Spray Column

coalescer

Spray column

Washing solution outlet

Air outlet

Air inlet

Washing solution inlet

Fresh solution

Recirculation pump

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Packed

column

Washing solution

Air OUTLET

Packingmaterials

Fresh solution

Recirculation pump

Air INLET

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Some

packing

materials

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Absorption

•

Acid

(H2

SO4

)

•

Base (NaOH)

•

Oxidant

(NaOCl, O3

)

CO2

Liquid solutions treatments

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Practical

industrial

design

•

Velocity

:

500 -

1000 m/h

•

Residence

time : 0,1 -

10 s

•

Air temperature

: 10 -

80 °C

•

Concentration :

1 -

50 000 mg/m3

•

Pressure drop : 0,1 -

1 m d

’H2

O

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

An Industrial

Example

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Air

Slug

Waste

1000°C240°C

320°C80°C

50°C

Primarycombustionchamber

Post-combustionchamber

FlueGas

Fly ash

Fly ash

Lime

NH3

INCINERATOR

ENERGY RECOVERY

ELECTROSTATICPRECIPITATTOR

BAGHOUSEFILTERS

WETSCRUBBER

SCR - CAT REACTOR

AirPre-Heater

Postheating

ActivatedCarbonBase agent

ExternalHeating

(adapted from Fino

et al., 2005)

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Activated

carbon

Before

activation Some

strongly

activated

areas

Duber

et al, Fuel Proces. Technol77-78 (2002), 221-227

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Activated

carbon

characteristics

Pore diameter

- Macropores

- Mesopores

- Micropores

nm dp

> 50

2 < d < 50

< 2

Porous volume cm3/g Vp 0.3 – 0.7

Specific surface area (BET)

- non activated

- activated

m2/g SBET

2 - 20

500 - 2000

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Principle

of adsorption

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Adsorption capacity

1

10

100

0,1 1 10 100

Adsorption capacity (%)

Concentration at equilibrium (g/m3)

20 °C

80 °C

n1

ee KCq

e

eme bC1

Cbqq

n1

e

n1

eme

bC1

Cbqq

)C(fq ee

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Breakthrough

curve

time

time

C/C0

0

0tb

adsorption wave

saturated zone

adsorption zone

C0 C0 C0 C0 C0

z

1

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

Activated

carbon

grain filter

Adsorbant

Steam inlet for regneration

Steam outlet

INLET

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

000

0b zz

UCNt

Modelling

1n

1

rt

1n0

Ae1CtC

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes Modeling

breakthrough

curves Homogeneous

surface diffusion model

Purpose Equation

Solid phase mass balance

rqr

rrD

tq 2

2s

Initial condition 0 t R,r 0 0q

Boundary conditions 0t 0, r 0tq

t) R, (r )t(C)t(CDk

tq

ssa

f

Liquid phase mass balance sf CCR

1k3tC

zCV

Initial condition t H, z0 0C

Boundary condition 0t 0, z (t)C C 0

Freundlich isotherm equation t R, r )t(CKq n1

S

Pierre Le Cloirec

Flue gastreatment

Eco

le d

e C

him

ie de Rennes

POLLUTED EMISSION TREATMENTS

FROM INCINERATOR GASES

Pierre Le Cloirec

Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de RennesAvenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu

35700 Rennes, FranceTel 33 (0)2 23 23 80 02

Fax 33 (0)2 23 23 81 11

e-mail Pierre.Le-Cloirec@ensc-rennes.fr