politics and government. what makes texas different from other states? does texas’ past history...
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Politics and Government
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What makes Texas different from other states?
Does Texas’ past history contribute to “Texas Pride?”
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1836 - 1846
The Republic pro-Houston (Sam Houston -- hero of
Battle of San Jacinto -- wanted U.S. statehood)
anti-Houston ( Lamar -- wanted Texas to be separate nation)
Final annexation in 1845 -- Texas became 28th state
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Peculiarities: Texas could divide itself into as
many as 5 states Texas can keep its public lands Texas can secede from union
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1846 - 1864
Early Statehood and Secession 1861 -- Texas seceded from Union
and admitted into Confederate States of America
Politics were militaristic responsible for defense of frontier
and Mexican border
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1865 - 1885
Post-Civil War Texas Constitution adopted in 1869 E. J. Davis elected governor -
irregularities corruption under his
administration
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Texas readmitted to Union governed by civil authority
all power centralized in Office of Governor
legacy -- strong anti-Republican reaction and Davis ousted
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1876 -- new Constitution written and ratified to reflect new ideologycut expendituresdecentralized state governmentlimited flexibility of politiciansstill in use today
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political consequences one-party dominance Democratic party
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1886 - 1913
Progress and Reform political adjustments spearheaded by James Stephen
Hogg 1892 -- Democratic Party split into 3 factionsregular Democrats controlled
Democratic convention in Houston (supporters of Hogg)
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conservative wing (anti-Hogg) formed coalition with Black Republicans to oppose Hogg forces
Jeffersonian (Skunk) Democrats -- Hogg’s programs not liberal enough -- populists
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1914 - 1918
Farmer Jim (Prohibitionist era) James E. Ferguson
antiprohibitionist (wet) programs for Texas tenant
farmers platform financial irregularities in
Administration
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Impeached and convicted of 21 charges Removed from public office and barred
from holding public office in Texas again 18th Amendment ratified -- U.S. and
Texas dry
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1919 - 1928
World War I, the Twenties, and Return of Farmer Jim WWI
increased military presence in Texas due to Zimmerman note (Germany encouraged Mexico to invade Texas)
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Important military training area permanent military presence
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1921 -- Pat M. Neff become governor Ku Klux Klan (pro-white; rural,
southern, fundamentalist morality)
Klan influence -- its power was a major political issue from 1921 - 1925
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1924 - Miriam A. “Ma” Ferguson -- anti-Klan gubernatorial candidate Successfully passed legislation to
end the Klan as an effective political force in Texas
first female governor
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1929 - 1939
The Great Depression Texas hit hard by economic
depression East Texas oil discovery (owned by
independents)
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1946 - 1949
Post World War II 1948 Senatorial campaign -- Coke
Stevenson vs. Lyndon B. Johnsonmost controversial campaign
and election in state’s historyelection fraud charges
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closest election (87 vote-difference)
Jim Wells county, Box 13, late in reporting and resulted in Johnson’s vote being revised upward
LBJ declared winner by election fraud
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1950’s
Allan Shivers elected governor in 1950 Major issue -- tidelands
how to measure jurisdictional boundary3 leagues (Spanish measure =
10 miles)3 miles (English measure)$$$ at stake in royalty revenues
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Tidelands issues drove Presidential campaign Shivers-Daniels conservative Democrats endorsed
Eisenhower (R)
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Shivercratssplit ticket voting (R for
President; D at state level) Ralph Yarborough
straight D ticket -- Loyalist Democrats of Texas
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Results were: tideland issue resolved in Texas’
favor split D party into 2 factions -- liberal
and conservative
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1954 -- Shivers elected for 3 terms scandals surfaced regarding
contributions from lobbyists 1959 -- Texas enacts lobby-control
legislation
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1960’s
LBJ first Texas President John B. Connally elected governor 3
terms 1969 -- Preston Smith elected governor
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1970’s
Insurance and banking scandals many elected politicians implicated; Gov.
Smith and Lt. Gov found not guilty; Speaker Mutscher and others convicted
of conspiracy to accept a bribe
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1972 -1974 -- Brisco elected governor attempts at new constitution and
right-to-work provisions failed 1979 -- William P. Clements 1st R
governor since 1874 received support from conservative
Democrats
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1980’s
1982 -- Mark White (D) elected governor strong support from teachers HB72
(1984) -- educational reform:increased teachers’ salariesequalized school districts
income
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teachers pass a competency test
no pass, no play -- course failure, no extracurricular activities for 6-weeks
1986 -- Clements elected again
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1990’s
1990 -- diversified election Ann Richards-- 2nd female governor Dan Morales -- AG -- 1st Hispanic 1st avowed homosexual to Texas
legislature
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1992 -- Kay Bailey Hutchison -- 1st female U.S. senator
2 Republicans in Congress
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Legacy: Texas became a two-party state
1994 -- George W. Bush (R) elected governor
1996 -- Republicans won majority of seats in Texas legislature
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1998 -- Republicans win every statewide elected office
1999 -- Democrats retained control of HR
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2000’s
2000 W goes to White House Rick Perry assumes governorship
2002 – Perry vs. Sanchez (first Hispanic Gubernatorial candidate) Perry elected governor both chambers of Texas legislature are
Republican
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2003 – Redistricting in Texas 2005 – Public school funding and
property tax relief 2007 – Democrats gained seats in Texas
Senate and House Republicans still majority