POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS!!!

The one and only Heather Upin

American Revolution

• Crown controls Americas – mercantilism, huge taxation and strict trade policies– Americans do not like this so they revolted

• Boston Tea Party

• France helped aid America – financially and militarily– French was eager to embarrass Britain

• First anti-imperial revolution• Declaration of Independence• Inspired many other nations to revolt

French Revolution: Moderate• King Louis XVI wanted to tax the Third Estate (lower class), to make up for

debt– King kept changing his mind, wanting Third’s help, wanted to tax them

• Third Estate left the Estates General– Went to a tennis court to make the constitution– Tennis Court Oath

• March of the Women– Versailles, protesting bread, brought King and Queen back to city

• Storming of the Bastille • 1792 – acceptance of constitution• French National Assembly (somewhat like parliament)• King was killed leading to the second French revolution

French Revolution: Radical

• King Louis XVI tried to flee but was arrested and then killed

• France was attacked by Austria and Britain • Reign of Terror– 40,000 people died– Public safety draft – evacuation of people

• Jacobins• Feudalism was over, no more serfs • No central leader• Coup d'état by Napoleon

French Revolution: Napoleon• Military leader, loved by many• Napoleonic Wars

– Conquered, spreading innovations/ spreading the voice of the revolution• Italy, Egypt, and much of Europe, Russia (last try

and many died)

• Civil Code: people should get work based on talent not status, women getting more rights, education

• Balance of Power: a policy that aims to secure peace by preventing any one state or alignment of states from becoming too dominant

• Concordant: fearing counter revolution by church Napoleon made this agreement with the pope

Haitian Revolution: Slave Revolt

• French plantation owners had established a very brutal slave system

• 1791 slave revolts broke out– Revolt spread– Desire to be free– Toussaint L’Overture- leader

• Overthrow of colonialism

Latin American People

• Creole- American born person of Spanish decent

• Peninsulars- Born in Spain or Portuguese decent

• Mazambo- American born person of Portuguese decent

• Mestizo- Children born from European and American Indian parents

Latin American Revolutions

PeninsularesCreole & MazamboMestizo• Creoles took over and threw out the Europeans (Peninsulares)• Brazil had slavery and European control for a long time

– French Revolution Napoleon invaded Portugal royal family flee to Brazil huge amounts of slaves in Brazil

• Neocolonialism: most were independent but some were still under European control

• Government changes and social changes followed independence

Important People• King Louis XVI- King of France, caused revolution, executed during

revolution• Abbe Sieyes- aided the Third Estate in revolution and Tennis Court

Oath• Napoleon- guided France out of revolution, spread reform

throughout Europe• Toussaint L’Ouverture- leader of the Haitian Revolution, inspired by

French Revolution• Father Miguel Hidalgo- revolution of Mexico, first wave, executed• Simon Bolivar- revolution of northern South America, successfully

got free from Spanish power• Jose San Martin- revolution of southern South America, also

successfully got free from Spain