political, economic, & social conflictsimages.pcmac.org/sisfiles/schools/ga/benhillcounty... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Independence of
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Political, Economic, & Social
Conflicts
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Standards
SS7CG2 The student will explain the structures of the
modern governments of Africa.
b. Explain how political, economic, and social conflicts
resulted in the independence of South Sudan.
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Co
lon
izatio
n
•______________________
estab
lished
colo
nia
l rule o
f th
e regio
n (S
ud
an
) in th
e 19
th
centu
ry.
•In
______________, th
e British
div
ided
the reg
ion
into
two
territories: th
e Ara
bic-
spea
kin
g M
uslim
no
rth, a
nd
the m
ostly
En
glish
-spea
kin
g C
hristia
n a
nd
An
imist so
uth
.
On
e Na
tion
•In
the 1
94
0s, G
reat B
ritain
merg
ed th
e two
area
s togeth
er to b
e on
e natio
n w
ith a
______________________ gov
ernm
ent a
nd
___________________a
s the o
fficial
lan
gu
age.
•T
he S
ou
th felt d
iscrimin
ated
ag
ain
st beca
use th
e gov
ernm
ent w
as b
ased
in th
e
No
rthern
city o
f ______________________
.
Ind
epen
den
ce
•In
_____,
Su
da
n g
ain
ed its
______________________ from
Grea
t Brita
in, b
ut th
ere wa
s
still a lo
t of ten
sion
betw
een th
e no
rth a
nd
sou
th.
1stC
ivil W
ar
•T
he first o
f S
ud
an
’s two
civil w
ars b
rok
e ou
t in 1
95
5 a
nd
lasted
un
til _____.
•T
he tw
o sid
es fina
lly settled
on
a ______________________ th
at la
sted fo
r 10
yea
rs.
Islam
ic Law
•F
igh
ting
beg
an
ag
ain
wh
en th
e no
rthern
gov
ernm
ent esta
blish
ed
______________________ th
rou
gh
ou
t the co
un
try.
•______________________ a
t attem
pts to
imp
ose Isla
mic law
on
the w
ho
le cou
ntry.
•D
ictato
r Om
ar ______________________ seized
pow
er in 1
98
9 a
nd
con
tinu
ed to
imp
ose
rad
ical Isla
mic law
.
•2
0+
yea
rs of fig
htin
g h
ave led
to th
e disp
lacem
ent o
f ov
er ______________________ a
nd
the d
eath
s of ______________________
.
Secessio
n
•In
20
05
, the n
orth
ern a
nd
sou
thern
pa
rts of S
ud
an
sign
ed a
______________.
•In
Ja
nu
ary
20
11
, nea
rly _______
of S
ou
th S
ud
an
ese vo
ters called
for in
dep
end
ence.
•S
ou
th S
ud
an
beca
me a
n in
dep
end
ent co
un
try o
n ______________________
.
•S
alv
a K
iir ______________________, th
e first Presid
ent o
f S
ou
th S
ud
an
.
Oil C
on
trol
•M
ost o
f th
e ______________________ are in
So
uth
Su
da
n, b
ut th
e facto
ries,
______________________, sh
ipp
ing
po
rts, etc., are in
Su
da
n.
•T
he reg
ion
exp
orts b
illion
s of d
olla
rs of o
il per y
ear. S
ou
thern
states p
rod
uce m
ore th
an
_______o
f it, b
ut receiv
e on
ly ______________________
, cau
sing
tensio
ns b
etween
the
two
cou
ntries.
•N
ego
tiatin
g a
dea
l is critical to
bo
th co
un
tries’ _____________in
the fu
ture.
So
uth
Su
da
nese W
ar
•In
__________________, a
po
litical p
ow
er strug
gle b
rok
e ou
t betw
een P
residen
t Kiir
an
d h
is ex-d
epu
ty R
iek M
ach
ar.
•T
his h
as ca
used
a civ
il wa
r betw
een th
e ma
jor ______________________ w
ithin
the
cou
ntry.
© 2
01
4 B
rain
Wrin
kles
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Sudan
Before 2011
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• Great Britain established colonial rule of the
region (Sudan) in the 19th century.
• In 1924, the British divided the region into two
territories: the Arabic-speaking Muslim north,
and the mostly English-speaking Christian and
Animist south.
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The northern region is
home to mainly Arab-
speaking Muslims. But
in the southern region,
there is no dominate
culture. The Dinka and
Nuer are the largest of
nearly 200 ethnic
groups.
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• In the 1940s, Great Britain merged the two areas
together to be one nation with a northern
government and Arabic as the official language.
• Southern Sudan was shut out of the new
government.
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The South felt
discriminated
against because the
government
was based in the
Northern city
of Khartoum.
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Khartoum
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• In 1956, Sudan gained its independence from
Great Britain, but there was still a lot of tension
between the north and south.
• South Sudanese were not happy with northern
rule.
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Sudan’s flag
raised at its
independence
ceremony in
1956.
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• The first of Sudan’s two civil wars broke out in
1955 and lasted until 1972.
• The two sides finally settled on a peace agreement
that lasted for 10 years.
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• Fighting began again when the northern
government established Islamic law throughout
the country.
• Southerners were angered at attempts to impose
Islamic law on the whole country.
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• Civil war had been going on between the North
and South for most of Sudan’s history.
• Dictator Omar al-Bashir seized power in 1989 and
continued to impose radical Islamic law.
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20+ years of
fighting have led
to the
displacement of
over 4 million
people and the
deaths of 1.5
million.
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• In 2005, the northern and southern parts of
Sudan signed a peace accord.
• This allowed the South to rule itself for six years
and then vote in a referendum for independence.
• In January 2011, nearly 99% of South Sudanese
voters called for independence.
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South Sudan
became an
independent
country on July
9, 2011.
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Salva Kiir Mayardit, the
first President of South
Sudan.
(His trademark hat was a gift
from former US President
George W. Bush.)
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• Unfortunately, there are still problems between
the two countries.
• Sudan and South Sudan are tied economically by
oil.
• Most of the oil reserves are in South Sudan, but
the factories, pipelines, shipping ports, etc., are
in Sudan.
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The region exports billions of
dollars of oil per year.
Southern states produce more
than 80% of it, but receive
only 50% of the profits,
causing tensions between the
two countries.
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• Both countries continue to disagree on how to
divide oil wealth and settling border disputes.
• Negotiating a deal is critical to both countries’
peace in the future.
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• In December 2013, a political power struggle broke out between
President Kiir and his ex-deputy Riek Machar.
• This has caused a civil war between the major ethnic groups
within the country.
• Up to 10,000 people are estimated to have been killed.
• More than 800,000 people have been displaced inside South
Sudan and more than 250,000 people have fled to neighboring
countries as a result of the conflict.
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Displaced people who
have fled the recent
fighting in South
Sudan.