policy making. who is involved in policy making? legislative branch executive branch judicial branch...
TRANSCRIPT
Policy Making
Who is involved in Policy making?• Legislative Branch• Executive Branch• Judicial Branch• Bureaucracy• Special interest groups• Research groups• Corporations• State and local governments• Citizens
Policy Making Process Recognizing the problem/agenda setting
Where is the need? Formulating the policy
Plan of action from various groups Adopting the policy
Official action taken – legislation, executive order, court decision
Process cont’ Implementing the policy
Apply it to real situations, enforce, punishments
Evaluating the Policy Good and bad Changes Begin process all over again
Types of Policies Economic Fiscal Monetary Foreign Military Social Regulatory
Economic Policy Laissez-Faire
To leave alone Free market NO GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT
Keynesian Economics (FDR) Government manages economy
Today Mix of both
Fiscal Policy How does the government raise and spend money?
Income taxes (45%) Progressive tax
Social Insurance Tax (1/3 of revenues collected) Social Security and Medicare
Borrowing Deficit Spending
Other taxes Excise (Regressive), Estate, Customs, duties, tariffs
Where does money go? $2.7 trillion federal budget Entitlement Programs
Required by law – Social Security, Medicare, unemployment insurance, retirement pensions
National Defense National debt
Interest on debt
Monetary Policy The government controlling money Inflation – too much $$ in circulation,
dollar value goes down Deflation – too little $$ in circulation Federal Reserve – independent from
government control, regulate $$ in circulation, adjusts interest rates
Foreign Policy Prior 20th century – Isolationist WWI – WWII - Involvement Post WWII – Containment & Cold War United Nations
Foreign Policy Goals Protect national Security International leadership – world peace Maintain balance of Power Cooperating to solve international
problems Promote human rights/democratic values Cooperative foreign trade and
globalization of trade in international organizations
Who makes foreign policy?
• The President– Treaties with consent of Senate– Executive Agreements – no approval of Senate
• The Secretary of State– Chief coordinator of all governmental actions with
other countries• National Security council– Foreign/Military/economic policies that affect
national security• CIA– Gather analyze and transmits information
Military Policy Secretary of defense – oversees Army,
Navy, Air Force President as Commander in Chief Joint Chiefs of Staff – military advisory
board; 5 members from all branches of military service
Social policy “promote the general welfare” Health Care
Do we have a national health care system? No system but ok for research and regulation! The Public Health Service – research and
gather info FDA – regulate labeling and processing of food
& drugs Center for Disease control – reports on
diseases in North America
Social Policy cont’ Welfare
Social Security – for elderly, poor, disabled
Medicare Medicaid Aid to Families with Dependent Children Food Stamps
Social Welfare cont’ Education
Usually a state and local community issue Federal government intervenes
Higher education Project Head Start No Child Left Behind
Schedules, standards, testing, curriculum, teacher qualifications
Regulatory policy Regulating business
Monopolies and fraud Regulating Labor
Worker safety, bargaining, equal employment opportunities
Regulating Energy and environment Department of energy EPA – clean water, air, and waste
disposal, pesticides, radiation
Review questions for unit 5!