police history, styles, & issues presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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The Police and Law Enforcement
Police History, Styles, & IssuesDimetrius Nash
CJ!"#$
"% January "#$
'eith (ailly
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Timeline of Historical De)elo*m
Political Era (1840s-1930s)
Professional Era (1930s-1970s)
Community Model Era (1970s-Present)
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Three Historical Eras of merican Policin
Political Policin+ Era-$#.s/01#.s Characteri2ed 3y decentrali2ed *olicin+, ser)ice
orientation and corru*tion
Professional Policin+ Era01#.s/0%#.s Characteri2ed 3y elimination of *olitical influence,
hi+her *ersonnel standards, scientific mana+ement
*rinci*les, military style or+ani2ation and creation os*eciali2ed units
Community Policin+ Era0%#.s/*resent Characteri2ed 3y +reater sensiti)ity to needs of
community, mandated 3y Su*reme Court and culturachan+es ta4in+ *lace in society
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Timeline of Historical De)elo*m
Political Era (1840-190)
Close ties 3etween *olice and *olitical machines
5unction as watchman 6 4ee* trou3lesome classes un
control(road discretion for 3eat co*s
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Professional Era 70"#/0%#8
Pro+ressi)e reform mo)ementTwo *rimary +oals
(rea4 lin4 3etween *olice and *olitics
9a4e *olice more *rofessional and im*ro)e ser)ices
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Timeline of Historical De)elo*m
Community Model Era (1970-Present)
Pro3lem sol)in+ is 3est done at the nei+h3orh
le)el, not in some distant head:uarters; Locall
situated *olice wor4in+ with residents are a +o*ro3lem/sol)in+ team;
(ro4en windows thesis
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Styles
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Styles
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Styles
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Styles
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De*artment of Homeland Secur
The De*artment of Homeland Security has si=enforcement a+encies under its >urisdiction:
?;S; Citi2enshi* and Immi+ration Ser)ices7?SCIS8
?;S; Coast @uard7?SC@8
?;S; Customs and (order Protection7C(P8
?;S; Immi+ration and Customs Enforcement7ICE8
?;S; Secret Ser)ice7?SSS8
Trans*ortation Security dministration7TS8
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Secret_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Secret_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services -
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De*artment of Homeland Securesponsibilities:
?;S; Citi2enshi* and Immi+ration Ser)ices7?SCIS8
ccordin+ to A5as;or+A 7"##-8, B?SCIS, in coordination with I&, will *ro)ide
information su**ort and will coordinate with state and local fusion centers 7SL5C
enforcement, and IC re:uests for immi+ration documentation and information; ?
*ro)ides su3>ect/matter e=*ertise on immi+ration and naturali2ation issues, and i
custodian of more than # million alien files that contain 3io+ra*hical, family, an
on aliens who see4 ?;S; immi+ration 3enefits; ?SCIS.s 5raud Detection and NatSecurity 75DNS8 will facilitate, mana+e and o)ersee the sharin+ of immi+ration
information and the colla3oration 3etween ?SCIS and SL5Cs; This ?SCIS su**
will 3e achie)ed throu+h 5DNS ect 9atter E=*erts for ICE.s Immi
(enefit 5raud Tas4 5orces 7I(5T5s8, as well as local JTT5s and other law enforc
intelli+ence a+encies;B 7*; "8;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services -
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De*artment of Homeland Secur
esponsibilities:?;S; Coast @uard7?SC@8
ccordin+ to A5as;or+A 7"##-8, B?SC@ will interact with SL5Cs throu+h Coast
units; These interactions *rimarily in)ol)e matters within Coast @uard >urisdictio
*ort!coastal areas and may e=tend to the *art/time, tem*orary, or rotational assi+
*ersonnel in fusion centers; ?SC@ will continue to coordinate acti)ities within tDe*artment and with @o)ernors, their Homeland Security d)isors, law enforce
*artners, critical infrastructure o*erators, and SL5Cs;B 7*; "$/"8;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guard -
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De*artment of Homeland Secur
esponsibilities:?;S; Customs and (order Protection7C(P8
ccordin+ to A5as;or+A 7"##-8, BC(P will interact *rimarily with SL5Cs in 3ord
throu+h C(P field elements or the *lacement of its
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De*artment of Homeland Secur
esponsibilities:?;S; Immi+ration and Customs Enforcement7ICE8
ccordin+ to A5as;or+A 7"##-8, BICE will continue to share information with SL5
ran+e of issues, includin+, 3ut not limited to tactical information,
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De*artment of Homeland Secur
esponsibilities:?;S; Secret Ser)ice7?SSS8
ccordin+ to A5as;or+A 7"##-8, The ?nited States Secret Ser)ice 7?SSS8, and th
a si+nificant num3er of field offices located throu+hout the ?nited States and ha)
closely with their re+ional, State, and local counter*arts on matters of mutual int
many years; 9any of these field offices are located in close *ro=imity to SL5Cs
local and re+ional collea+ues are
*ro)idin+ information to the field offices that is directly rele)ant to their mission
field com*onents ha)e already esta3lished relationshi*s with SL5Cs and, in som
ha)e assi+ned re*resentati)es to the SL5Cs;B 7*; "$8;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Secret_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Secret_Service -
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De*artment of Homeland Secur
esponsibilities:Trans*ortation Security dministration7TS8
ccordin+ to A5as;or+A 7"##-8, BTS will interact with SL5Cs throu+h their 5ed
9arshals and TS 5ield Intelli+ence or air*orts; This will 3uild u*on *ro+rams to *lace staff in fusion
5uture de*loyments will 3e coordinated with the SLP
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Primary Pur*oses of Police Patrol
urposes of atrol
! Deter crime by being visible! Maintain public order (peacekeeping)! Respond quickly to emergencies! Arrest criminals! Aid citizens in distress! Facilitate movement of people and traffic! reate a sense of safety and security
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Gole of Police in Contem*orary So
5i)e Com*onents of Policin+
; Enforcin+ the law 7es*ecially the criminal law8
"; In)esti+atin+ crimes and a**rehendin+ offenders
1; Pre)entin+ Crime
$; Hel*in+ to ensure domestic *eace and tran:uility; Pro)idin+ the community with needed enforcement/related se
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Gole of Police in Contem*orary So
"a# Enforcement $%encies in t&e '
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Issues 5acin+ Today.s Police De*artm
Ethnic Di)ersityNationwide, racial and ethnic minorities com*rised "";% o
time sworn *olice *ersonnel in "###, u* from % in 00#;
3rin+s the num3er of ethnic minorities to a le)el a**roachin
re*resentation in the merican *o*ulation;
@ender Di)ersity
Howe)er, women are still si+nificantly unre*resented; cco
a study conducted 3y the National Center for Fomen and Po
7NCFP8, in "## which found that women fill only ";%
sworn law enforcement *ositions nationwide; The NCFP al
that women account for $; of em*loyed *eo*le o)er the
nationwide ma4in+ women stri4in+lyB misre*resented ifield of sworn law enforcement;
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Geferences
5as;or+; 7"##-8; Getrie)ed from htt*!!www;fas;or+!ir*!a+ency!dhs!cono*s;*df
75ran4 Schmalle+er, "#8; Pearson Education, "#;
Lan+worthy, G; & Tra)is, L; 70008; Policin+ in merica (a
5orces; Prentice Hall ?* Saddle Gi)er, New Jersey;
http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/dhs/conops.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/irp/agency/dhs/conops.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/irp/agency/dhs/conops.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/irp/agency/dhs/conops.pdf