polarization of job opportunities in the us labor market david autor, mit
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market David Autor, MIT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5519132d55034626428b48f6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market
David Autor, MIT
![Page 2: Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market David Autor, MIT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5519132d55034626428b48f6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Key Labor Market Challenges
• Increased demand for skilled workers > increased supply of skilled workers– Two rose in sync until the late 1970s– Race Against the Machine by Brynjolfsson and
McAfee http://raceagainstthemachine.com/• Structure of the job opportunities in the US
has become sharply polarized over the past two decades.
![Page 3: Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market David Autor, MIT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5519132d55034626428b48f6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market David Autor, MIT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5519132d55034626428b48f6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Key Forces Behind Changes
• Slow growth of 4 year college degree attainments – especially for males
• Shifts in gender and racial composition of the work force
• Changes in technology, trade and off-shoring drive employment distribution changes
• Changes in labor market institutions – private sector unions and minimum wage
![Page 5: Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market David Autor, MIT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5519132d55034626428b48f6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market David Autor, MIT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5519132d55034626428b48f6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market David Autor, MIT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5519132d55034626428b48f6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market David Autor, MIT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5519132d55034626428b48f6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market David Autor, MIT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5519132d55034626428b48f6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market David Autor, MIT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5519132d55034626428b48f6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Employment Growth by Occupation
![Page 11: Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market David Autor, MIT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5519132d55034626428b48f6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Not just a US phenomenon
![Page 12: Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market David Autor, MIT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5519132d55034626428b48f6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Older as well as younger populations
![Page 13: Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market David Autor, MIT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5519132d55034626428b48f6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
True for most European Countries
![Page 14: Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market David Autor, MIT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5519132d55034626428b48f6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Other Conclusions
• Automation of routine work and globalization of labor markets are key drivers of polarization.
• The Great Recession exacerbated these trends.
• College-educated workers earnings have risen relative to high school educated workers over the past three decades.
![Page 15: Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market David Autor, MIT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5519132d55034626428b48f6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market David Autor, MIT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5519132d55034626428b48f6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Average Annual Earnings by Education Level - EROP 2012
![Page 17: Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market David Autor, MIT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5519132d55034626428b48f6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Projected Employment Growth by Education Level – EROP 2012