Polarimetric Solid State Radar Design for CASA Student Test

Bed

Polarimetric Solid State Radar Design for CASA Student Test

Bed

Alexandra LitchfieldAlexandra Litchfield

ObjectiveObjective

To design a Dual Polarimetric Solid State Doppler Radar for the CASA student Test Bed.

To design a Dual Polarimetric Solid State Doppler Radar for the CASA student Test Bed.

Possible Radar Localization @ Aguadilla, PRPossible Radar Localization @ Aguadilla, PR

Possible Radar Localization @ Mayaguez, PRPossible Radar Localization @ Mayaguez, PR

Why Solid SateWhy Solid Sate

Definition: Solid State Devices and

Systems are based entirely on semiconductor.

There is no mechanical action on a solid state device but electromagnetic action takes place.

Current is confined to solid elements.

Definition: Solid State Devices and

Systems are based entirely on semiconductor.

There is no mechanical action on a solid state device but electromagnetic action takes place.

Current is confined to solid elements.

Advantages: Does not need a high

voltage modulator. Use less power (kW from

Magnetron are eliminated) Coherent radars can be

made. Pulse Compression can be

used.

Advantages: Does not need a high

voltage modulator. Use less power (kW from

Magnetron are eliminated) Coherent radars can be

made. Pulse Compression can be

used.

Radar RequirementsRadar Requirements

Radar Freq: 9.5-9.6 GHz (X Band) Peak Transmitter Power: 25W Minimum Detectable Signal Power: -100dBm Antenna Gain: 12dB Horizontal Antenna Beam Width: 6 degrees Vertical Antenna Beam Width: 6 degrees Pulse Width: 30us Max Range: 6km

Radar Freq: 9.5-9.6 GHz (X Band) Peak Transmitter Power: 25W Minimum Detectable Signal Power: -100dBm Antenna Gain: 12dB Horizontal Antenna Beam Width: 6 degrees Vertical Antenna Beam Width: 6 degrees Pulse Width: 30us Max Range: 6km

Project PhasesProject Phases Radar Front End

TR Module Transmit/Receive Module Circuit Design Component Layouts Build and Test

Phase shifter Phase shifter circuit design Component Layouts Build and Test

Master clock distribution Digital Signal Processing Antenna Implementation Integration

Radar Front End TR Module

Transmit/Receive Module Circuit Design Component Layouts Build and Test

Phase shifter Phase shifter circuit design Component Layouts Build and Test

Master clock distribution Digital Signal Processing Antenna Implementation Integration

TR Original Preliminary DesignTR Original Preliminary Design

Directional Coupler

Directional Coupler

PAPA

OSCOSC

Circ.Circ.

LN

AL

NA

LimiterLimiter

SS Po

we

r C

om

bin

er

Po

we

r C

om

bin

er

Receiver P

ath

Transmit Path

Calibration Path

IF

IF

LN

AL

NA

PA

PA

Pre

AP

reA

Power CombinerPower

Combiner

SS

LOLO

Divider / CombinerDivider / Combiner

RxTx

IF

RxTx

Preliminary Design for

Radar Front End

Preliminary Design for

Radar Front End

Ø ØPhase shifter

Phase shifter

Cal

RF

Phase Shifter Preliminary DesignPhase Shifter Preliminary Design

∑∑ ∑∑

IQ

I Q

Ø

90 Hybrid

Variable Amp.

90 Hybrid

90 Hybrid

NoiseNoise

Vector Mod

Vector Mod

Vcc1

Vcc2

I

Q

IF2

IF1

LO1LO1

20MHz

IQ

IF2

IF2

IF

PAPA

RFDirectional

CouplerDirectional

Coupler

Po

we

r C

om

bin

er

Po

we

r C

om

bin

er

LN

AL

NA

Circ.Circ.

LimiterLimiterLO2LO2

LO2LO2

Vector Mod

Vector Mod

Vcc1 Vcc2

LO1LO1

20MHz

IF1

I Q

Design with Vector Modulator Phase Shifter

Design with Vector Modulator Phase Shifter

Tx

Rx

One Polarization

Channel

One Polarization

Channel

Vector Mod

Vector Mod

Vcc1

Vcc2

IF2

PA

PA

Dire

ctio

na

l C

ou

ple

rD

irect

ion

al

Co

up

ler

Circ.Circ.

LO2LO2

NoiseNoise

Po

we

r C

om

bin

er

Po

we

r C

om

bin

er LN

AL

NA

LimiterLimiter

LO1LO1

IF1

LO1LO1

IF1T

ransmit P

ath

Receive P

ath

Cal P

athPhase shifter

ComponentsComponents Mixer: Alters the carrier

frequency of the signal. Oscillator: Controls the

frequency used to sincronized the radar.

Directional Coupler / Power Divider: Couples part of the transmision power in to the transmision line.

Mixer: Alters the carrier frequency of the signal.

Oscillator: Controls the frequency used to sincronized the radar.

Directional Coupler / Power Divider: Couples part of the transmision power in to the transmision line.

Limiter: Circuit that allows to pass the unaffected received signal

Low Noise Amplifier (LNA): Amplifies weak signals captured by the antenna.

Circulator: Redirect signal that comes in an out from/to transmisor and receptor.

Limiter: Circuit that allows to pass the unaffected received signal

Low Noise Amplifier (LNA): Amplifies weak signals captured by the antenna.

Circulator: Redirect signal that comes in an out from/to transmisor and receptor.

Radar’s Dual Polarized AntennaRadar’s Dual Polarized Antenna

Dual polarization Antenna Operating at 9.5GHz

Array of Apertured Coupled Antennas

Dual polarization Antenna Operating at 9.5GHz

Array of Apertured Coupled Antennas

Received Power CalculationsReceived Power Calculations

G=16dB; Ganancia R=6km; Maximum Range C=3x10^8 m/s; velocity of

light Pt=2W Power Transmitted

by each channel. H=30usec; Pulse Width F= 9.5 GHz Lambda=c/f =.031579 K=dielectric factor (.93

for water)

G=16dB; Ganancia R=6km; Maximum Range C=3x10^8 m/s; velocity of

light Pt=2W Power Transmitted

by each channel. H=30usec; Pulse Width F= 9.5 GHz Lambda=c/f =.031579 K=dielectric factor (.93

for water)

Z=10dBz; 10=10log(P), P=10

MDS = -100dBm N=2.66x10^9 G=39.81W Pr=1uW=-30dBm

Z=10dBz; 10=10log(P), P=10

MDS = -100dBm N=2.66x10^9 G=39.81W Pr=1uW=-30dBm

Component LayoutComponent LayoutPower Amplifier Low Noise Amplifier

HMC48LP5 HMC564LC4

Component LayoutComponent LayoutMixer

HMC412M58G

Future Work Future Work

To construct and measure parameters for the TR Module and Phase Shifter.

Digital Signal Processing. Antenna Implementation Integration Test and Measure

To construct and measure parameters for the TR Module and Phase Shifter.

Digital Signal Processing. Antenna Implementation Integration Test and Measure

QuestionsQuestions