Country fact sheet

September 2017

Photo: © Toni García, My City/EEA

Land cover 2012

Poland

Poland

1

Land cover 2012 Overview of land cover & change 2006-2012 The comparison of annual change rates for the last three observing periods shows significant acceleration of the land cover development in Poland in the period 2006-2012. However, in comparison with other European countries, the overall land cover change rate of 0.17% is still relatively low, safely below the European average. The overall acceleration of the land cover development intensity is caused by the acceleration of forest creation and management as well as by withdrawal of farming and artificial development. All these flows show considerably higher intensity than in both previous periods. The only flows which continuously looses its intensity are internal agricultural conversions and also the conversion from forested or natural land to agriculture, which indicates an overall slowdown of the agricultural development dynamics. The artificial development in Poland is driven mostly by extensive highway construction, which seems to be spread all over the country. But there can be also be observed dense concentrations of artificial development around all major cities in Poland. The annual land take rate rapidly increased, compared to the previous period 2000-2006 and also to the period 1990-2000 and all major compounds of the artificial development occur with higher intensity in the latest period. Compared to the European average, with the annual land take rate of 0.49% of initial artificial area, the land take in Poland is significantly faster. Note: The results presented here are based on a change analysis of 44 land cover types mapped consistently on a 1:100.000 scale across Europe over more than decade between 2000-2006-2012 - see Corine land cover (CLC) programme for details. Number of years between CLC2006-CLC2012 data for Poland: 6

6%

44%

15%

33%

0,1% Semi. nat.

0,1% Open sp.

0,4% Wet. 2%

1.1. Land cover 2012[% of total]

-50000

-25000

0

25000

50000

1.2. Net change in land cover 2006-2012 [ha]

-8.0

-4.0

0.0

4.0

1.3. Net change in land cover [% of initial year

2006]

A rtific ial areas A rable land & permanent c rops Pas tures & mosaics Fores ted land

Semi-natural vegetation O pen spaces/ bare soils Wetlands Water bodies

Summary balance table 2006-2012

Art

ific

ial

area

s

Ara

ble

lan

d &

per

man

ent

cro

ps

Pas

ture

s &

mo

saic

s

Fore

sted

lan

d

Sem

i-n

atu

ral

veg

etat

ion

Op

en s

pac

es/

bar

e so

ils

Wet

lan

ds

Wat

er b

od

ies

TO

TA

L

[hu

nd

red

s h

a]

Land cover 2006 17341 138166 48904 101578 387 154 1119 5402 313051

Consumption of initial LC 85.5 565.6 385.0 1997.5 29.6 2.7 0.5 1.4 3068

Formation of new LC 570.9 97.1 62.9 2306.5 1.7 0.2 1.2 27.2 3068

Net Formation of LC 485.4 -468.5 -322.1 309.0 -27.8 -2.5 0.7 25.8 0

Net formation as % of initial year 2.8 -0.3 -0.7 0.3 -7.2 -1.6 0.1 0.5

Total turnover of LC 656.4 662.6 447.9 4304.0 31.3 2.9 1.8 28.6 6135

Total turnover as % of initial year 3.8 0.5 0.9 4.2 8.1 1.9 0.2 0.5 2.0

Land cover 2012 17826 137698 48581 101887 359 151 1119 5428 313051

Poland

2

Land cover trends comparison 2000-2006 vs. 2006-2012

0.10%

0.16%

0 20000 40000 60000

2000-2006

2006-2012

2.4. Annual land cover change[ha/year, % of total area]

0 30000 60000

Artificial areas

Arable land& permanent crops

Pastures& mosaics

Forested land

Semi-natural vegetation

Open spaces/ bare soils

Wetlands

Water bodies

2.5. Annual turnover of LC types [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

-8000 -4000 0 4000 8000

Artificial areas

Arable land& permanent crops

Pastures& mosaics

Forested land

Semi-natural vegetation

Open spaces/ bare soils

Wetlands

Water bodies

2.6. Net annual change of LC types [ha/year]

Summary trend figures 2000-2006 2006-2012

Annual land cover change [ha/year] 29890 51129

Annual land cover change as % of initial year 0.10% 0.16%Land uptake by artificial development as mean annual change [ha/year] 3338 8420

Agricultural land uptake by urban and infrastructures development as mean annual change [ha/year] 3211 7575

Net uptake of forests and semi-natural land by agriculture as mean annual change [ha/year] -3337 -6190

Net conversion from pasture to arable land and permanent crops as mean annual change [ha/year] -18 168

Forest & other woodland net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] 3220 5151

Dry semi-natural land cover net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] -157 -506

Wetlands & water bodies net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] 709 442

0

10000

20000

30000

lcf1

Urb

an la

nd m

anag

emen

t

lcf2

Urb

an r

esid

entia

l spr

awl

lcf3

Spr

awl o

f ec

onom

ic s

ites

and

infr

astr

uctu

res

lcf4

Agr

icul

ture

inte

rnal

con

vers

ions

lcf5

Con

vers

ion

from

for

este

d &

natu

ral l

and

to a

gric

ultu

re

lcf6

Withd

raw

al o

f fa

rmin

g

lcf7

For

ests

cre

atio

n an

dm

anag

emen

t

lcf8

Wat

er b

odie

s cr

eatio

n a

ndm

anag

emen

t

lcf9

Cha

nges

due

to

natu

ral a

ndm

ultip

le c

ause

s

2.7. Intensity of main change drivers (LC FLOWS) [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Poland

3

Artificial surfaces sprawl (2006-2012)

0.19

%

0.49

%

0

3000

6000

9000

2000-2006 2006-2012

3.8. Artificial land take [ha/year,

% of initial year]

Accelerated sprawl, driven by highway construction

In comparison with both previous periods, artificial development in Poland accelerated rapidly. This acceleration is driven mostly by the extensive highway construction, but also by the acceleration of all other important compounds of artificial development. The sprawl of mines and quarrying sites is the second major driver of land take, followed by the sprawl of industrial or commercial sites and residential areas. There also occurs significant amount of urban land recycling in the period 2006-2012, which incorporates conversion from construction sites into transportation network and residential, commercial or industrial areas. There are a lot of highway segments under construction, distributed all over the country (e.g. between the capital city Warsaw and Lodz, the one connecting the northern coast with the central part of the country, or segments in the western Poland, between Szczecin and Zielona Gora and in the south-eastern Poland connecting Krakow and Przemysl). Otherwise, the artificial development is concentrated around most of the major cities in Poland, including capital city Warsaw, Gdansk, Poznan, Wroclaw, Szczecin or Katowice.

86%

7%

3% 3% 1%

3.9. Artificial surfaces 2012 [% of total area]

0 2000 4000

3.10. Artificial land take 2006-2012 [ha/year]

-500

500

1500

2500

Con

tinu

ous

urba

n fa

bric

Dis

cont

inuo

us u

rban

fab

ric

Ind

ustr

ial o

r co

mm

erci

al u

nits

Roa

d an

d ra

il ne

twor

ks a

ndas

soci

ated

land

Por

t ar

eas

Airpo

rts

Min

eral

ext

ract

ion

site

s

Dum

p si

tes

Con

stru

ctio

n si

tes

Gre

en u

rban

are

as

Spo

rt a

nd le

isur

e fa

cilit

ies

3.11. Mean annual artificial change by class [ha/year]

2000-2012

2006-2012

Poland

4

Agriculture (2006-2012)

Agricultural land consumption, internal intensification

In contrast to other land cover flows in Poland, the development of agricultural land is in major decline, with significantly decreasing intensity of the change dynamics and increasing consumption of agricultural land by the artificial sprawl and withdrawal of farming. Geographically, there are two major concentrations of withdrawal of farming, in north-western Poland and north-eastern from the Krakow city, but there are also other patches with this conversion scattered over the country. Compared with these consumption flows, the intensity of internal agriculture development is rather low showing a continuously decreasing tendency. There can be observed a significant trend of agricultural land use intensification, with prevailing conversions from arable land to vineyards and orchards and intensive conversion from pasture to arable or crop land. On the other hand, the intensity of opposite extension of pasture significantly decreased, compared to the previous period. As a result pastures show negative net change balance, with almost 1% consumption of their initial area.

21173%

2120.0001

%

2221%

23115%

2424%

2437%

4.12. Agricultural areas 2012 [% of total area]

-0.4

0%

-0.8

9%

-0.9

2%

-0.2

2%

-0.8

7%

0.04

%

2.64

%

0.07

%

0.12

%

0.26

%

-60000

-30000

0

Non

-irr

igat

ed a

rabl

e la

nd

Per

man

ently

irriga

ted

land

Ric

e fie

lds

Vin

eyar

ds

Fru

it t

rees

and

ber

ry p

lant

atio

ns

Oliv

e gr

oves

Pas

ture

s

Ann

ual/

pe

rman

ent

crop

s

Com

plex

cul

t. p

atte

rns

Agr

icul

ture

with

nat

. ve

g.

Agr

o-fo

rest

ry a

reas

4.13. Development of agricultural areas 2006-2012– detailed balance [ha]

Consumption of initial land cover

Formation of new land cover

211 Non-irrigated arable land

212 Permanently irrigated land

213 Rice fields

221 Vineyards

222 Fruit trees and berry plantations

223 Olive groves

231 Pastures

241 Annual crops associated with permanent crops242 Complex cultivation patterns

243 Agriculture land with significant areas of natural vegetation244 Agro-forestry areas

-9000

-6000

-3000

0

Non

-irr

igat

ed a

rabl

e la

nd

Per

man

ently

irriga

ted

land R

ice

field

s

Vin

eyar

ds

Fru

it t

rees

and

ber

ry p

lant

atio

ns

Oliv

e gr

oves

Pas

ture

s

Ann

ual/

per

man

ent

crop

s

Com

plex

cul

t. p

atte

rns

Agr

icul

ture

with

nat

. ve

g.

Agr

o-fo

rest

ry a

reas

4.14. Mean annual agricultural change by class [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Poland

5

Forest & nature (2006-2012)

94%

0,3% Semi-nat.

0,1% Open sp.

1% 5%

5.15. Forest & nature areas 2012

[% of total area]

Forest

Semi-natural vegetation

Open spaces/ bare soils

Wetlands

Water bodies

Accelerated forest development

There are two major drivers of natural land development in Poland – internal forest conversions and withdrawal of farming – and both of them show significantly higher intensity recently, compared to both previous periods 1990-2000 and 2000-2006. The intensity of both directions of internal forest conversions – recent felling and forest creation, are comparable. The major source for the new woodland creation is the withdrawal of farming, mainly of pastures and agricultural areas with natural vegetation, with transitional woodland creation. This flow occurs with circa doubled intensity, compared to the period 2000-2006. Not only agricultural, but also natural grasslands are a frequent source of forest creation in the country. Concerning the other exchange of the natural land cover, there were observed several cases of the water bodies creation over former arable land areas or mineral extraction sites in Poland.

-0.3

1%

-1.4

5%

-0.4

8%

-7.3

2%

-10.

16%

-16.

53%

-3.2

6%

-0.0

5%

-0.0

2%

-0.0

3%

-100

.00%

0.44

%

1.08

%

1.35

%

0.33

%

1.38

%

21.1

5%

0.23

%

0.07

%

0.56

%

0.70

%

-120000

-80000

-40000

0

40000

80000

120000

160000

Bro

ad-l

eave

d fo

rest

Con

ifero

us for

est

Mix

ed for

est

Nat

ural

gra

ssla

nd

Moo

rs a

nd h

eath

land

Scl

erop

hyllo

us v

eget

atio

n

Tra

nsitio

nal w

oodl

and

shr

ub

Bea

ches

, du

nes,

san

d

Bar

e ro

ck

Spa

rsel

y ve

geta

ted

area

s

Bur

nt a

reas

Gla

cier

s/pe

rp.

snow

Inl

and

mar

shes

Pea

tbog

s

Sal

t m

arsh

es

Sal

ines

Int

ertida

l fla

ts

Wat

er c

ours

es

Wat

er b

odie

s

Coa

stal

lago

ons

Est

uaries

Sea

and

oce

an

5.16. Development of forest & nature areas 2006-2012 – detailed balance [ha]Consumption of initial land cover

Formation of new land cover

-8000

-4000

0

4000

8000

Bro

ad-l

eave

d fo

rest

Con

ifero

us for

est

Mix

ed for

est

Nat

ural

gra

ssla

nd

Moo

rs a

nd h

eath

land

Scl

erop

hyllo

us v

eget

atio

n

Tra

nsitio

nal w

oodl

and

shr

ub

Bea

ches

, du

nes,

san

d

Bar

e ro

ck

Spa

rsel

y ve

geta

ted

are

as

Bur

nt a

reas

Gla

cier

s an

d pe

rpet

ual

snow

Inl

and

mar

shes

Pea

tbog

s

Sal

t m

arsh

es

Sal

ines

Int

ertida

l fla

ts

Wat

er c

ours

es

Wat

er b

odie

s

Coa

stal

lago

ons

Est

uaries

Sea

and

oce

an

5.17. Mean annual forest & nature change by class [ha/year]2000-2006

2006-2012

Poland

6

Annex: Land cover flows and trends Land cover flows 2006-2012

3%

18%

13%

65%

1%

Open sp.

0,1%.Wetl.

0,02%

Wat. bodies 0,05%

6.18. Consumption of land cover2006-2012 [% of total change

area]

19%

3%

2%

75%

Semi-nat. 0,1%

Open sp.

0,01%

Wet. 0,04% Water

1%

6.19. Formation of land cover 2006-2012 [% of total change

area]

A rtific ial areas A rable land & permanent c rops Pas tures & mosaics Fores ted land

Semi-natural vegetation O pen spaces/ bare soils Wetlands Water bodies

lcf12% lcf2

2% lcf315%

lcf43%

lcf51%

lcf613%

lcf763%

lcf81%

lcf90.1%

6.20. Drivers of change (LC FLOWS)2006-2012 [% of total change area]

lc f1 U rban land management

lc f2 U rban res idential sprawl

lc f3 Sprawl of economic s ites and infras truc tures

lc f4 A griculture internal convers ions

lc f5 C onvers ion from fores ted & natural land to agriculture

lc f6 Withdrawal of farming

lc f7 Fores ts c reation and management

lc f8 Water bodies c reation and management

lc f9 C hanges due to natural and multiple causes

Poland

7

Artificial areas

Arable land &

permanent crops64%

Pastures & mosaics

22%

Forested land14%

Semi-natural

vegetation0.03%

Wetlands0.1%

Water bodies0.1%

7.21. Consumption by artificial land take2006-2012 [% of total]

Disc. urban fabric12%

Industrial/commerc.

11%

Road/rail network

12%

Port areas0.1%

Airports1%Mineral

extraction25%

Dump sites0.3%

Construct.39%

Sport/leisure0,1%

7.22. Formation by artificial land take2006-2012 [% of total]

0.11%

0.47%

0 3000 6000 9000

2000-2006

2006-2012

7.23. Net formation of artificial area [ha/year, % of initial year]

-2000 0 2000 4000

lcf11Urban development/ infilling(cons.)

lcf11Urban development/ infilling(form.)

lcf12 Recycling of developed urbanland (cons.)

lcf12 Recycling of developed urbanland (form.)

lcf13 Development of green urbanareas (cons.)

lcf13 Development of green urbanareas (form.)

lcf21 Urban dense residential sprawl

lcf22 Urban diffuse residential sprawl

lcf31 Sprawl of industrial &commercial sites

lcf32 Sprawl of transport networks

lcf33 Sprawl of harbours

lcf34 Sprawl of airports

lcf35 Sprawl of mines and quarryingareas

lcf36 Sprawl of dumpsites

lcf37 Construction

lcf38 Sprawl of sport and leisurefacilities (cons.)

lcf38 Sprawl of sport and leisurefacilities (form.)

lcf54 Conversion from developedareas to agriculture

lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation

lcf81 Water bodies creation

lcf911 Semi-natural creation

lcf913 Extension of water courses

lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires

lcf93 Coastal erosion

lcf99 Other changes and unknown(cons.)

lcf99 Other changes and unknown(form.)

7.24. Artificial development by change drivers(LC FLOWS) [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Poland

8

Agriculture

Industrial/commercial

2%

Mineral extraction

10%

Dump sites2% Construct.

7%

Sport/leisure

1% Broad-leaved forest3%

Coniferous forest3%

Mixed forest0.3%

Natural grass.1%

Transition. woodland/

shrub72%

8.25. LC consumed by agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]

Non-irrigated arable62%

Pastures34%

Complex cultivation patterns

4%

8.26. Formation of agricultural land from non-agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]

Non-irrigated arable57%

Fruit trees/berry plantations

0.2%

Pastures28%

Complex cultivation patterns

2%

Agriculture with

natural veg.13%

8.27. Consumption of agricultural landby non-agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]

Disc. urban fabric7%

Industrial/commercial

7%

Road/rail network

6%

Airports0.2%

Mineral extraction

13%

Dump sites0.1%

Construct.21%Sport/

leisure0,1%

Broad-leaved forest0.1%

Coniferous forest0.2%

Mixed forest0.1%

Transition. woodland/

shrub44%

Water bodies

2%

8.28. Formation of non-agricultural landfrom agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]

-6000 -3000 0

Conversion from forest toagriculture

Conversion from dry semi-natural & natural land to

agriculture

Conversion from wetlands toagriculture

Withdrawal of farming withwoodland creation

Withdrawal of farming withoutsignificant woodland creation

8.29. Main annual conversions between agriculture and forests & semi-natural land

2006-2012 [ha/year]

-800 -400 0 400 800

Extension of pasture, set asideand fallow land

Conversion from pasture toarable and permanent crops

8.30. Mean annual conversion between arable land and pasture [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Poland

9

0 300 600 900

lcf411 Uniform extension ofset aside fallow land and

pasture

lcf412 Diffuse extension of setaside fallow land and pasture

lcf421 Conversion from arableland to permanent irrigation

perimeters

lcf422 Other internalconversions of arable land

lcf431 Conversion from olivesgroves to vineyards and

orchards

lcf432 Conversion fromvineyards and orchards to

olive groves

lcf433 Other conversionsbetween vineyards and

orchards

lcf441 Conversion frompermanent crops topermanent irrigation

perimeters

lcf442 Conversion fromvineyards and orchards tonon-irrigated arable land

lcf443 Conversion from olivegroves to non-irrigated arable

land

lcf444 Diffuse conversion frompermanent crops to arable

land

lcf451 Conversion from arableland to vineyards and orchards

lcf452 Conversion from arableland to olive groves

lcf453 Diffuse conversion fromarable land to permanent

crops

lcf461 Conversion frompasture to permanentirrigation perimeters

lcf462 Intensive conversionfrom pasture to non-irrigatedarable land and permanent

crops

lcf463 Diffuse conversion frompasture to arable and

permanent crops

lcf47 Extension of agro-forestry

9.31. Mean annual agriculture internalconversions [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

-7000 -3500 0

lcf13 Development of green urbanareas

lcf2 Urban residential sprawl

lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites andinfrastructures

lcf511 Intensive conversion fromforest to agriculture

lcf512 Diffuse conversion from forestto agriculture

lcf521 Intensive conversion fromsemi-natural land to agriculture

lcf522 Diffuse conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture

lcf523 Conversions from agriculture-nature mosaics to continuousagriculture (cont. agri. cons.)

lcf523 Conversions from agriculture-nature mosaics to continuousagriculture (cont. agri. form.)

lcf53 Conversion from wetlands toagriculture

lcf54 Conversion from developedareas to agriculture

lcf61 Withdrawal of farming withwoodland creation

lcf62 Withdrawal of farming withoutsignificant woodland creation

lcf81 Water bodies creation

lcf913 Extension of water courses

lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires

lcf93 Coastal erosion

lcf99 Other changes and unknown(agri. cons.)

lcf99 Other changes and unknown(agri. form.)

9.32. Mean annual conversions between agricultureand other LC types [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Poland

10

Forest & nature

Airports0.1%

Mineral extraction

2%

Dump sites1%

Construct.0,2%

Non-irrigated arable35%

Fruit trees/berry plantations

0.1%

Pastures39%

Complex cultivation patterns

0.1%

Agriculture with

natural veg.22%

10.33. LC consumed by forest & nature2006-2012 [% of total]

Broad-leaved forest0.2%

Coniferous forest0.4%

Mixed forest0.3%

Transition. woodland/

shrub93%

Water bodies

6%

10.34. Formation of forest & nature land from non-forest /nature 2006-2012

[% of total]

Broad-leaved forest8%

Coniferous forest37%

Mixed forest15%

Natural grassland

0.4%

Transition. woodland/

shrub40%

Inland marshes

0.3%

Water courses0.1%

Water bodies0.3%

Sea and ocean0.2%

10.35. Consumption of forest & nature landby non-forest/nature 2006-2012 [% of

total]

Disc. urban fabric2% Industrial/

commerc. 3%Road/rail network

18%

Port areas0.3%

Airports2%

Mineral extraction

26%Dump sites1%

Construct.28%

Sport/leisure0,2%

Non-irrigated arable14%

Pastures6%

Complex cultivation patterns

0.2%

10.36. Formation of non-forest/nature landfrom forest & nature 2006-2012 [% of total]

Broad-leaved forest15%

Conifer. forest55%

Mixed forest24%

Transit. woodland

shrub6%

10.37. Forested land 2012 [% of total area]

0 10000 20000

Consumption of forest land byurban sprawl

Conversion from forest toagriculture

Recent fellings and transitions

Withdrawal of farming withwoodland creation

Forest creation, afforestation

Conversion from transitionalwoodland to forests

Forest creation over wetlands

10.38. Main trends in woodland & forests consumption/formation 2006-2012

[ha/year]

Poland

11

Natural grassland

63%Moors and

heath.8%

Beaches, dunes

and sand plains10%

Bare rock4%

Sparsely vegetat.

areas16%

Burnt areas0.2%

11.39. Dry semi-natural areas 2012 [% of total area]

0 200 400 600

Consumption of dry semi-naturalland cover by urban sprawl

Conversion of semi-natural landcover to agriculture

Forest creation, afforestation overdry semi-natural land

Withdrawal of farming withoutwoodland creation

Decrease of permanent snow andglaciers

11.40. Main trends in dry semi-natural land consumption/formation 2006-2012

[ha/year]

Inland marshes

16%

Peatbogs1%

Water courses

12%

Water bodies60%

Coastal lagoons

11%

11.41. Wetlands & water 2012[% of total area]

0 200 400

Consumption of wetlands byurban sprawl

Conversion of wetlands toagriculture

Forest creation and afforestationover wetlands

Withdrawal of farming withoutwoodland creation

Net water bodies creation

Net wetlands creation

11.42. Main trends in wetlands & water consumption/formation 2006-2012

[ha/year]

-20000 -10000 0 10000 20000

lcf13 Development of green urban areas

lcf2 Urban residential sprawl

lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures

lcf511 Intensive conversion from forest to agriculture

lcf512 Diffuse conversion from forest to agriculture

lcf61 Withdrawal of farming with woodland creation

lcf71 Conversion from transitional woodland to forest (cons.)

lcf71 Conversion from transitional woodland to forest (form.)

lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation

lcf73 Forests internal conversions (cons.)

lcf73 Forests internal conversions (form.)

lcf74 Recent felling and transition (cons.)

lcf74 Recent felling and transition (form.)

lcf8 Water bodies creation and management

lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (cons.)

lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (form.)

11.43. Mean annual conversions of forest & other woodland[ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Poland

12

-600 -400 -200 0

lcf13 Development of green urban areas

lcf2 Urban residential sprawl

lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures

lcf521 Intensive conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture

lcf522 Diffuse conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture

lcf523 Conversions from agriculture-nature mosaics to continuous…

lcf62 Withdrawal of farming without significant woodland creation

lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation

lcf74 Recent felling and transition

lcf8 Water bodies creation and management

lcf82 Water bodies management

lcf911 Semi-natural creation (form.)

lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (cons.)

lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (form.)

lcf913 Extension of water courses (cons.)

lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires (cons.)

lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires (form.)

lcf93 Coastal erosion (cons.)

lcf94 Decrease in permanent snow and glaciers cover (cons.)

lcf94 Decrease in permanent snow and glaciers cover (form.)

lcf99 Other changes and unknown (cons.)

lcf99 Other changes and unknown (form.)

12.44. Mean annual conversions of dry semi-natural LC [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

-200 0 200 400 600 800

lcf13 Development of green urban areas

lcf2 Urban residential sprawl

lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures

lcf53 Conversion from wetlands to agriculture

lcf62 Withdrawal of farming without significant woodland creation

lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation

lcf8 Water bodies creation and management (cons.)

lcf81 Water bodies creation

lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (other thanLCF91)

lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (other thanLCF912)

lcf911 Semi-natural creation (form.)

lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (cons.)

lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (form.)

lcf913 Extension of water courses (form.)

12.45. Mean annual conversions of wetlands and water LC [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Poland

13

CLC Changes 2006-2012

CLC Changes 2000-2006

Poland

14

Drivers of change 2006-2012

Drivers of change 2000-2006

Poland

15

Artificial sprawl 2006-2012

Artificial sprawl 2000-2006

Poland

16

Agriculture 2006-2012

Agriculture 2000-2006

Poland

17

Forest and nature 2006-2012

Forest and nature 2000-2006