POL 454POL 454

ECONOMIC & CULTURAL ECONOMIC & CULTURAL FOUNDATIONSFOUNDATIONS

ECONOMIC & CULTURAL FOUNDATIONS

I. MAPPING IDENTITYa. ETHNICITY

b. RELIGION

c. KINSHIP

II. REGIONAL ECONOMICS

Terms to Knowrentier state AIOC OPECSunni Shia Turk

Kurds Persian Dutch disease

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

What is identity, and which identities matter more to people?

What differences do you see between the political, ethnic, and religious maps?

Ia. ETHNICITY

Ib. RELIGION

Ic. KINSHIP

form of family organization involving a large group of kinsmen related to one another through patrilineal descent and marriage.

regulates many activities that in Westernized societies are the functions of political, economic, religious, or neighborhood groups.

Fealty: primary focus of loyalty; a mutually protective attitude

http://countrystudies.us/iraq/44.htm

Identity in IraqIdentity in Iraq

http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS22626.pdf http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/post_saddam_iraq/img/religious_map416.gif

http://gulf2000.columbia.edu/images/maps/Iraq_Religions_sm.jpg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjxUTQ6o8-s

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iraq/images/tribes.jpg

II. REGIONAL ECONOMICS

GDP/GNP/GNIPER CAPITA GDP (adjusted for PPP)

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX: LIFE EXPECTANCY & HEALTH LITERACY & SCHOOL ENROLLMENT WATER & SANITATION

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (2005 % world total)

USA  $12.4 trillion 28.1%Japan  10.3%Germany 6.3%China  5.1%UK 5.0%

France 4.8%Italy 4.0%Spain $1.12 trillion 2.5%Canada 2.5%India 1.8%Brazil 1.8%S.Korea 1.8%Mexico 1.7%Russia 1.7%Australia 1.7%Netherlands 1.4%

Turkey $362.5 billion 0.8%

http://www.nationmaster.com/red/pie/eco_gdp-economy-gdp&b_printable=1

Factor Endowments

Oil ReservesOil Reserves

http://www.grinningplanet.com/2005/07-12/oil-wars-article.htm

CONSORTIA

William Knox DarcyWilliam Knox Darcy and and the Anglo-Persian Oil the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, laterCompany, later Anglo- Anglo-Iranian (AIOC)Iranian (AIOC)

ARAMCO: ARABIAN-AMERICAN

IPC: IRAQI PETROLEUM CO. (STANDARD OIL OF NJ/NY)

GULF: 50% KUWAIT OIL

BAHRAIN PETROLEUM CO. (TEXACO & STANDARD OIL OF CALIFORNIA)

Nationalization & CartelizationNationalization & Cartelization

1938 Mexico 1938 Mexico nationalizes nationalizes

1940s Venezuela 1940s Venezuela negotiates 50/50 split negotiates 50/50 split

1951 Iran & AIOC1951 Iran & AIOC

1960 1960 OPECOPEC forms forms

1970s All nationalize, 1970s All nationalize, even the Shah’s Iraneven the Shah’s Iranhttp://home.hot.rr.com/syria/peak_oil/howmuchisthere.html

Oil: Blessing Or Curse?

Rentier state Depend on

foreign revenue for income

No citizen taxes

No incentives to develop

No democracy or loyalty

Dutch disease large increases to a

country's income. Foreign currency

decreases exports/ increases imports

manufacturing jobs move abroad; non-resource industry hurt