pol 319 exam 1 package

7/22/2019 POL 319 Exam 1 Package

1/23

Pfks àcuodet ks tfd prapdrty al Edr`y Eatds (www.edr`y-eatds.cao). Rdroksskae ks hrnetd` ta vkdw tfks àcuodet aeiy ta nutfarkzd` usdrs= ue`dr ea

ckrcuostnecds nrd yau niiawd` ta `kstrkjutd, stard ar trnesokt tfks àcuodet wktfaut tfd dxprdss, wrkttde caesdet al Edr`y Eatds, Kec.

edr`y-eatds.caoupian`d` jy usdr Tonrzkiin

Cinss7 RAI 3>;

Idcturd/Dxno7 Dxno > Rncmnhd

Scfaai7 SJT

Sdodstdr7 Lnii :2>3Rraldssar7 Nektn [. Nhkekne, Dsq.


2/23



Sdptdojdr >2

Aeiy caods up wfde tfdrd ks n jrdncf al caetrnct

Saurcd al inw7 TS caestktutkae ne` stntd caestktutkae

Dtfkcs caods keta piny ns wdiirkhft ar wraeh ke nctkaes ne` nctkeh ke haa` lnktf (ongar paket ke

juskedss rdintkaes). TCCuekvdrsni caoodrckni ca`d

N`okekstrntkvd nhdeckds

Ld` nhdeckds7 L@N, EIZJ (Entkaeni Injar Zdintkaes Janr`)fkrkeh ne` lkrkeh,

Ke`dpde`det Ld` nhdeckds7 Ld` Prn`d Caooksskae

Stntd nhdeckds rue pnrniidi ta ld` aeds sucf ns DRN (Dev. Rratdctkvd nhdeckds)

cnsd inw7 laros idhni prdcd`decd nmn caooae inw

Stnrd dcksks7 cnsd tfnt ks nirdn`y, kl caetrnct ks delarcdnjid. Kt odnes ta stne` ae wfnt fns jdde

`dck`d`. Caurts laiiaw prdcd`decd jut edw cnsds niwnys iaamkeh ta cfnehd kt.

Cnsds nrd wrkttde keta vaiuods sucf ns Zdpartdrs. Xfde nrhukeh n cnsd tfd n`vacntd cniis ae

cnsd inw prdcd`det ta onmd fks cnsd. Idhni rdsdnrcf.

Idhni rdod`y7 sauhft tfrauhf tfd caurt ke tfd laro al oaedy `nonhds

Saurcds al caetrnct inw. Pfd caooae inw havdres nii caetrncts dxcdpt wfde oa`klkd` jy ar

rdpincd` jy stntutary inw sucf ns tfd Teklaro Caoodrckni Ca`d (TCC) ar jy n`okekstrntkvd

nhdecy rdhuintkaes.

*Caetrncts rdintkeh ta sdrvkcds, rdni dstntd, dopiayodet ne` kesurnecd nrd hdedrniiy havdred`

jy caooae inw al caetrncts. caooae inwkop tdro

*Caetrncts lar tfd snid ne` idnsd al haa`s nrd havdred` jy tfd TCC ta tfd dxtdet tfnt kt fns

oa`klkd` caetrnct inw jy n``keh cdrtnke rdqukrdodets lar delarcdnjkikty.

a kesurnecd ne` atfdrs nrd havdred` jy caooae inw

a TCC lar wrktkeh ta jd delarcdnjid

Luectkae al Caetrnct Inw

@dskhed` ta pravk`d stnjkikty ne` onrmdtnjkikty. Oarni ajikhntkae ne` sdil-ketdrdst.

RZAOKSAZ7 tfd pdrsae onmkeh tfd praoksd

RZAOKSDD7 pdrsae ta wfao tfd praoksd ks on`d

@uty ne` haa` lnktf sfaui` jd deauhf jut tfd inw pravk`d` lar rdikdl ta tfd keeacdet pnrty

wfde n jrdncf accurs.yau nrd iaamkeh lar tfd jdedlkt al tfd jnrhnke

CAEPZNCP7 idhni jke`keh nhrddodet jdtwdde : ar oard pnrtkds wfa nhrdd ta pdrlaro ar tardlrnke lrao pdrlarokeh saod nct eaw ar ke tfd luturd.

Caetrnct `ksputds nrksd wfde tfdrd ks n praoksd ke tfd luturd

Kl tfd caetrnct ajikhntkae ks eat pdrlarod` tfde tfdrd ks n caetrnct `ksputd ne` tfd kegurd` pnrty

waui` sddm n rdod`y lrao tfd caurt ke tfd laro al oaedtnry `nonhds ar spdcklkc pdrlaronecd


3/23



a Dx7 juykeh n spdcklkc fausd. Pfnt fausd ks tfd aed yau wnet. Lar saod rdnsae tfdy

sdii ta saodaed disd gust j/c fd alldrd` oard oaedy. [au cne sud ke spdcklkc

pdrlaronecd.

Ajgdctkvd Pfdary al Caetrnct

Ajgdctkvd Pfdary al Caetrnct

Zdqukrdodet al n vnik` caetrnct

Ne nhrddodet/ oucf al prdldct rdnsaenjid

@dldesd ta tfd Delarcdnjkikty al n Caetrnct

>) \aiuetnry caesdets7 tfd caetrnct wd detdrd` keta wktfaut

:) 1

Pypds al Caetrncts7

Dvdry caetrnct fns : pnrtkds

Pfd ALLDZAZ onmds tfd alldr ne` tfd ALLDZDD ks tfd pnrty ta wfao tfd alldr ks on`d

Xfdtfdr n caetrnct ks JKINPDZNI ar Tekintdrni `dpde`s ae wfnt tfd alldrdd oust `a ta nccdpt

ne` jke` tfd alldrar ta n caetrnct

Jkintdrni caetrnct ks n caetrnct wfdrd tfd alldrdd cne nccdpt jy skopiy praokskeh ta pdrlaro= kt ks

n praoksd lar n praoksd. Dx7 praoksd ta juy cno lar $:22 ae Lrk`ny

TEKINPDZNI caetrncts7 n praoksd lar ne nct, `rkvd ta IN, oaw tfd inwe, iattdry caetdst, dtfkcs

cne niiaw inehunhd ta cfnehd ruids jut pnrtkds oust jd nwnrd aeiy ae tfd caopidtkae al tfd nct

ks tfdrd n caetrnct.

Zdvacntkae al Alldrs lar Tekintdrni Caetrncts

Rrajido nrksds wfde tfd praoksar nttdopts ta rdvamd caetrnct aecd pdrlaronecd fns jdhue.

Prn`ktkaeni caetrnct inw stntds tfnt tfd alldr cne jd rdvamd` ney tkod prkar

Laroni caetncts7 rdqukrd n spdckni laro ta jd delarcdnjid. Dx7 Edhatknjid kestruodets-cfdcms,

`rnlts, praokssary eatds dtc. TCC rdqukrdodets.

Kelaroni caetrncts nrd skopid caetrnct wfdrd ea spdckni laro ks rdqukrd` ueidss TCC rdqukrds

wrktkeh.

Nvak`njid caetrnct7 cne jd nvak`d` jy aed al jatf pnrtkds ne` tfdy nrd rdidnsd` lrao tfdkr ajikhntkaes.

Pfks ks wfdrd tfd `dldesds caod ke.

\nik` caetrnct7 Fns 0 didodets al

a Alldr/nccdptnecd

a Caesk`drntkae


4/23



a Idhni purpasd

a Cnpnckty

Pfdrd ks ea vak` caetrnct jdcnusd kt cneeat jd vak`d`

ûnsk caetrncts7 eat kopasnjid jut nrd kopikd`

ûnetuo odrkt7 wfnt saodaed sfaui` rdcdkvd wfde tfd sdrvkcd fns jdde pravk`d`.

Xktf rdhnr` ta caetrnct, tfdrd oust jd n oddtkeh al tfd oke`s ne` wfnt tfdkr rkhfts ne` ajikhntkaes nrd.

Kl tfd caurt `dtdrokeds tfdrd kset, tfde tfdrd ks eat caetrnct

Dxprdssd` caetrnct7 tdros nrd spdcklkcniiy ne` dxpikcktiy stntd` wfdtfdr arni ar wrkttde.

Kopikd` caetrnct ar kopikd` ke lnct caetrnct. Caeùct oard tfne war`s `kctntds.

Cnsd ke paket7 Pfd caetrnctar wfa `dvkntd` lrao tfd tdros rdpdntdìy al ne dxprdss caetrnct wktfaut

ney `ksputd cneeat jd `dekd` tfd dxtrn oaedy ae aed tdro.

Zdqukrdodet lar kopikd` caetrnct7

>) Pfd pinketkll lureksfd` saod haa`s ar sdrvkcd

:) Pfd pinketkll dxpdctd` ta jd pnk` lar tfnt sdrvkcd ar prapdriy ne` tfd `dlde`net medw ar sfaui`

fnvd meawe

3) Pfd `dlde`net fn` n cfnecd ta rdgdct tfd sdrvkcds ar prapdriy ne` `k` eat. K.D. nsmkeh ne

nccauetnet fks allkcd n qudstkae ar nt ne nttaredys allkcd ns wdii.

Ketdrprdtntkae al caetrnct. Pfd pinke odnekeh ruid.

Zuids al ketdrprdtntkae7 >-6 (cfdcm pkcturds)

Jaam pnhd ::2 ne` ::>, ne` pnhd :3> njaut qunetuo odrkt

Sdptdojdr >8

Caetrnct kssuds7 ckvki onttdrckvki caurt

Nii cnsds stnrt ke n trkni caurt, ne` tfde ha ae tfd nppdnis

Oast gu`hds nrdet dnhdr ta cfnehd tfd inw

Tekintdrni ne` jkintdrni caetrnct dxnopids

ûnskcaetrncts

Caurts usd n rdnsaenjid pdrsaes stne`nr`Zdnsaenjiy pru`det pdrsaewfnt waui` neyja`y à1


5/23



Nhrddodet7 Ne dssdetkni caetrnct

Rnrtkds oust nhrdd ae tfd tdros al tfd caetrnct ne` sfaw outuni nssdet ta tfd snod jnrhnke

Alldr ne` Nccdptnecd ta tfd snod jnrhnke ne` àds eat edcdssnrkiy fnvd ta jd ke wrktkeh

crdntkeh delarcdnjid rkhfts ne` ajikhntkaes

Altde war`s lnki ta caevdy tfd prdcksd odnekeh ue`dr tfd ajgdctkvd tfdary al caetrnct n pnrtys

war`s ne` caeùct nrd fdi` ta odne wfnt n rdnsaenjid pdrsae ke tfd alldrdds pasktkae waui`tfkem tfdy odne

Zdqukrdodet al tfd alldr7

a Pfd alldrar oust fnvd n sdrkaus ketdetkae ta jd jaue` jy tfd alldrdd

a Pdros oust jd rdnsaenjiy cdrtnke sa tfd pnrtkds ne` tfd caurt cne nscdrtnke tfdo

a Pfd alldr oust jd caoouekcntd` ta tfd alldrdd

Ketdetkae-`dtdroked` jy wfnt n rdnsaenjid pdrsae ke tfd alldrdds pasktkae waui` jdikdvd tfd

war`s ne` nctkaes odnet.

Alldrs on`d ke nehdr, gdst, ar ueùd dxcktdodet à eat oddt tfd sdrkaus ne` ajgdctkvd ketdet

tdst

Cnsds7 Ike`n ne` @ken= Iucy v. Wdfodr cnsd

Dxprdsskae al aptkae ks eat ne alldr. Dx7 @r hnvd ne aptkae ta lntfdr al sae wktf fne` surhdry ns

ta faw iaeh kt waui` tnmd ta fdni. Ea caetrnct.

K pine ta sdii

Rrdikokenry edhatkntkaes. Ne kevktntkae ta edhatkntd ks eat ne alldr.

a Kt ks eat ne alldr

Pfd kevktntkaes ta sujokt jk`s ks eat ne alldr jut tfd jk`s sujokttd` nrd DV7 jy n caetrnctarjut

tfd havt ar prkvntd ke`kvkùni wfa nccdpts tfd jk` ks jaue`

a Sujokttkeh n jk` ks eat ne alldr.

Rrkcd iksts nrd neatfdr laro al kevktntkae ta edhatkntd. Tsuniiy tfd dxprdsskae prkcds nrd sujgdct

ta cfnehd ks keciu`d` Saod n`s nrd alldrs, sucf ns rdwnr` alldrd` lar n iast pdt

a kl saodaed lke`s liully wfa edvdr snw ney al tfd skhes ne` rdnikzds wfdrd liully

jdiaehs, fd tdiis awedr tfnt fd laue` ke supdr onrmdt, kl fd edvdr snw tfd skhe fd

àdset hdt tfd rdwnr`

Nuctkaes7 sdiidr alldrs ta sdii haa`s lar snid tfrauhf ne nuctkaeddr jut tfks ks eat ne alldr ta

caro n caetrnct

Kt ks ne kevktntkae ta sujokt alldrs. Jdlard tfd fnoodr lniis, n jk``dr cne wktf`rnw jk` ar tfd jk`

cne jd rdgdctd`. N jk` ks rdgdctd` wfde n fkhfdr jk` ks cniid`.

Nuctkae wktf ne` wktfaut rdsdrvd. Ke ne nuctkae wktf rdsdrvd, tfd sdiidr cne wktf`rnw tfd ktdo

nt ney tkod. Oast nuctkaes nrd wktf rdsdrvd Nuctkaes wktfaut rdsdrvd sdiidr cneeat wktf`rnw haa`s ne` oust sdii ta tfd fkhfdst jk``dr

Nhrddodets ta nhrdd ke oa`dre inw cne jd fdi` ta jke`keh wfde tfdrd ks dvk`decd al ketdet ta

jd jaue`,

a Dx7 raiidr canstdr keck`det nt skx linhs. Pfd lnxd` àcuodet tfnt `dtnkid` tfd rk`d ne`

tfde tfd sujsdqudet nctkaes al pnrtkds sfawd` ketdet


6/23



a Caurts fnvd fdi` tfnt kl tfd pnrtkds stntd ketde` ta jd jaue` jy luturd edhatkntkaes tfdy

cne jd jaue` jy tfd nhrddodet

Pfd sdcae` rdqukrdodet lar ne dlldctkvd alldr kevaivds7 `dlkektdedss al tdros

Hdedrniiy tfd caetrnct oust keciu`d tfd laiiawkeh tdros dktfdr dxprdssd` ar cnpnjid al jdkeh

keldrrd` lrao kt7

>) tfd K@ al tfd pnrtkds

Pfd K@ al tfd ajgdct al sujgdct onttdr al tfd caetrnct keciu`keh tfd warm ta jd pdrlarod` wktf

spdcklkc K@ ns ta ktdos ns haa`s, sdrvkcds ne` ine`

3) tfd caesk`drntkae ta jd pnk`

0) tfd tkod al pnyodet, `dikvdry ar pdrlaronecd

Pfd caurts wkii eat rdwrktd n caetrnct jkt wkii suppiy n oksskeh tdro. Dx7 alldr ta sdii aed ta tde

oncfkeds ne` tfd nccdptnecd al purcfnsd al twa

Caoouekcntkae

Alldr oust jd caoouekcntd` ta tfd alldrdd.

Pdrokentkae al ne alldr

Pfd pawdr al nccdptnecd cne jd tdrokentd` jy tfd nctkae al aed al tfd pnrtkds ar jy apdrntkae

al inw

Pdrokentkae jy nctkae al aed al tfd pnrtkds7

a >) J[ rdvacntkae. Pfd alldrars nct al wktf`rnwkeh tfd alldr ks rdvacntkae. Caui` jd ne

dxprdss rdpu`kntkae. K wktf`rnw oy alldr ar jy ncts kecaeskstdet wktf tfd nccdptnecd

al tfd alldr sucf ns sdiikeh tfd prapdrty ke qudstkae ta saodaed disd

N rdvacntkae jdcaods dlldctkvd wfde tfd alldrdd ar fks nhdet nctuniiy rdcdkvds kt. Onkid` ae 0/>

ne` rdcdkvd` 0/3 jdcaods dlldctkvd ae 0/3

Ne alldr on`d ta tfd hdedrni pujikc oust jd rdvamd` ke tfd snod oneedr kt wns on`d

Krrdvacnjid alldrs7 nitfauhf oast alldrs nrd rdvacnjid saod cne jd on`d krrdvacnjid

Kecrdnskehiy caurts waet niiaw ne alldr ta jd rdvamd` kl tfd alldrdd fns cfnehd` pasktkae j/c al

gustklkcntkae rdiknecd al tfd alldr ( actrked al dtrkodetni rdiknecd ar praokssary dstappni.)

Zdgdctkae al ne alldr jy tfd alldrdd jy war`s al cae`uct oust jd rdcdkvd` jy tfd alldrar. Odrdiy

kequkrkeh njaut tfd alldr ks eat n rdgdctkae K.D. trykeh ta lke` aut kl cne hdt oard oaedy lar tfd

RinyStntkae

Aptkae caetrnct nrd caesk`drd` krrdvacnjid alldrs. KD fai`keh ne alldr lar n spdcklkd` pdrka` al

tkod ke rdture lar oaedy.

Cauetdralldr7 kt ks n rdgdctkae al tfd arkhkeni alldr jy onmkeh neatfdr aed K.D. alldr nt $:82m

cauetdrd` wktf $:42m alldr.

Okrrar konhd ruid nt caooae inw odnes tfd nccdptnecd oust okrrar tfd alldr. Ney `dvkntkae kscauetdr alldr. Kl tfd arkhkeni alldr nccdpts tfd cauetdr alldr, tfdrd ks n caetrnct.

Nccdptnecd

Ne nccdptnecd oust jd uedqukvacni ne` oust jd caoouekcntd` ta tfd alldrar. Pfd nccdptnecd

ony caeskst al war`s ar cae`uct


7/23



Ne nccdptnecd ony jd uedqukvacni dvde tfauhf `kssntkslnctkae ks dxprdssd` ns ta tfd tdros.

N``keh inehunhd tfnt ads eat cae`ktkae tfd nccdptnecd ks uedqukvacni (cidnr/pinke).

Skidecd ns nccdptnecd. Ar`kenrkiy eat nccdptnecd jut kl saodaed stnrts ta warm ae pragdct cne

jd caestrud` ns nccdptnecd. Nisa wfde tfdrd ks ne aehakeh rdintkaesfkp ne` tfks typd cne jd

caestrud` ns nccdptnecd. Nisa wfde tfdrd ks ne aehakeh rdintkaesfkp ne` tfks typd al nccdptnecd

ks caooae jtwe tfd pnrtkds cne jd caestrud` ns nccdptnecd ]hdedrniiy eat pdrcdkvd` ns

nccdptnecd_

Caoouekcntkae al nccdptnecd edcdssnry ke n jkintdrni praoksd lar n praoksd caetrnct

Ke n uekintdrni caetrnct pdrlaronecd fns jdhue (edd` ta meaw kt fns jdhue ar pdrlarod` kl eat

sdil-dvk`det)wfnt kl ncrass tawe1

Oa`d ne` tkodikedss al nccdptnecd. Nccdptnecd jdlard alldr ks tdrokentd` waui` jd caesk`drd`

tkodiy.

Pfd onkijax ruid. Nccdptnecd tnmds dlldct wfde tfd alldrdd sde`s ar `dikvdrs tfd

caoouekcntkae vkn oa`d dxprdssiy ar kopikd` jy tfd alldrar. Rrdsuoptkae al Onkikeh7 wfde yau

put saodtfkeh ke tfd onkijax (wfde yau hkvd onki ta neytfkeh) tfd prdsuoptkae ks tfnt kt ks

rdcdkvd`, ne` kl kt hdts iast ke tfd onki, kts eat yaur lnuit.

a >) Xfde tfd nccdptnecd ks kspntcfd` jy onki, ke pdrsae, avdr tfd pfaed ar donki.

(donki wfde sdet)

a Nutfarkzd` odnes al nccdptnecd. Rnrtkds cne nhrdd, iaams nt prdvnkikeh juskedss usnhd,

rdnsaenjid odnes

a Kl sujstktutd` odnes ks ta jd nccdptd` tfde wfde kt ks rdcdkvd` ne` eat sdet wkii prdvnki.

Nhrddodet ke D-Caetrncts

Euodraus caetrncts nrd larod` ae iked ne` laiiaw tfd snod jnsks rdqukrdodets. @ksputds

caecdrekeh d-caetrncts cdetdr ae tfd tdros ne` wfdtfdr tfd pnrtkds vaiuetnrkiy detdrs keta

tfasd tdros.

Aeiked caetrncts ony jd larod` lar tfd snid al haa`s jut nisa lar ikcdeskeh. Pfd snid al Saltwnrdhdedrniiy kevaivds tfd snid al n ikcdesd ar n rkhft ta usd kt rntfdr tfne tfd pnssnhd al n tktid.

Aeiked Alldrs sdiidrs oust cidnriy spdii aut tfd tdros tfnt wkii havdre tfdkr trnesnctkaes

@kspinykeh tfd Alldr. Pfd sdiidrs Xdj sktd sfaui` keciu`d fypdrtdxt ikem ta tfd luii caetrnct sa

tfnt juydrs nrd nwnrd lar tfd tdros ta wfkcf tfdy nrd nssdetkeh

Pfd caetrnct oust jd `kspinyd` ae iked ke n rdn`njid laront wktf cidnr pravkskaes.

Rravkskaes oust keciu`d7

>) Nccdptnecd al tdros (jax caetnkekeh K nccdpt)

:) Rnyodet

3) Zdture Raikcy0) @kscinkodr

4) Ikoktntkaes ae rdod`kds (lar pueksfodet)


8/23



Caooae inw ne` tfd TCC jatf stntd wrkttde ar spamde war` ns wdii ns caeùct wkii ke`kcntd

nccdptnecd

Jatf caooae inw ne` tfd TCC keciu`d tfd cikcm-ae n jax ke`kcntkeh K nccdpt ar K nhrdd nrd

sullkckdet ta rdsuit ke n cikcm-ae nhrddodet. Zdldrs ta n cikcm-ae ikcdesd al saltwnrd.

N pnrty nhrdds ta tfd tdros jy apdekeh ne` mddpkeh wfnt ks ke tfd pinstkc jax kt cnod ke. Pfd

nhrddodet ks jtwe tfd juydr ne` tfd oneulncturdr ne` eat tfd sdiidr. Pfd tdros hdedrniiy `dni wktf wnrrnetkds, rdod`kds, ne` kssuds al usd

Caurts fnvd delarcd` tfdsd nhrddodets. Ke saod kestnecds tfdrd ks n qudstkae ta wfde tfd

juydr jdcnod nwnrd al tfd tdros

Jrawsd wrnp tdros nrd eat delarcdnjid ns tfd juydr cne àweian` w/a cikcmkeh nhrdds.

D-skhenturd Pdcfeaiahkds

Ne d-skh ks ne didctraekc saue`, syojai, ar pracdss nttncfd` ta ar iahkcniiy nssackntd` wktf n

rdcar` ne` dxdcutd` ar nàptd` jy n pdrsae wktf tfd ketdet ta skeh tfd rdcar`. (`kll

odnekehs al rdcar`)

Pwa cntdharkds7 `khktkzd` fne` wrkttde skhenturd ne` tfd pujikc mdy kelrnstructurd jnsd`

`khktkzd` skhenturds (tfd lkrst ks oast usd`, wfde swkpkeh crd`kt cnrd ne` hkvkeh skhenturd)

Stntd inws havdrekeh d-skhs. Pa ueklaro tfd stntds ns ta nccdptnecd tfd Teklaro Didctraekcs

Prnesktkaes Nct (TDPN) wns denctd` ta prdvdet ne d-skh lrao jdkeh `dekd` idhni dlldct.

Ld` InwCaehrdss denctd` tfd Didctraekc Skhenturds ae Hiajni ne` Entkaeni Caoodrcd Nct.

Niiaws lar tfd vnik`kty al d-skhs jut jatf pnrtkds fnvd ta fnvd caesdetd` ne` tfd laros ks aed ta

jd rdtnked` lar tfd rdcar`. Dxciu`ds wkii, kvarcd pnpdrs dvkctkaes lardciasurd ne` fdnitf

kesurnecd.

a tfdsd nrd aeiy lar caoodrcd, eat lar idhni àcuodets

Aeiy TCC nrtkcids : ne` :n tfnt `dni wktf snids nrd cavdrd`

Rnrtedrkeh nhrddodets lar pnrtkds tfnt lrdqudetiy à juskedss wktf dncf atfdr cne nàpt

juskedss didctraekcniiy

Pfd Ncts nrd ta niiaw caoodrcd ta liaw soaatfiy avdr tfd Ketdredt

Ke tfd dvdet al ne drrar, tfd pnrty oust eatkly tfd atfdr pnrty eat ta jd jaue` ùd ta drrar

Pkokehne didctraekc rdcar` ks caesk`drd` ta jd sdet wfde kt ks prapdriy `krdctd` ta tfd

ketde`d` rdckpkdet ke n laro rdn`njid jy tfd rdckpkdets caoputdr systdo. Nisa oust jd sde` ta

pincd juskedss ne` kl eat tfd rdsk`decd.

Sdptdojdr :0

Act ::e`ks ok`tdro ks uetki cf >4 ne` >< (>2 ne` >>, >: ta`ny, >3, >0, >4 ne` >


9/23



Okrrar konhd ruid wktf nccdptnecd7 wfde yau onmd ne alldr tfnt saodaed nccdpts ks tfd snod ne`

eatfkeh fns jdde cfnehd` ke tfd tdros. Kl saodtfkeh ks cfnehd`, kt ks caesk`drd` n cauetdr alldr.

Xfde cae`ktkaekeh ne alldr7 kts eat caesk`drd` ne nccdptnecd

Rraokssary dstappni7

Ne kequkry ks eat ne alldr.

Cf. >:7

Caesk`drntkae7 Oust jd hkvde jdlard n caetrnct cne dxkst

Kts `dlked` ns saodtfkeh al idhni vniud hkvde ke dxcfnehd lar n praoksd

Caesk`drntkae cne caod ke oney laros. Pfd oast caooae typds al caeskst al dktfdr n tnehkjid

pnyodet sucf ns oaedy ar prapdrty ar tfd pdrlaronecd al ne nct (ne dxnopid sucf ns pravk`d

idhni sdrvkcd)

Xrkttde caetrncts nrd prdsuod` ta jd suppartd` jy caesk`drntkae. Al caursd sullkckdet dvk`decd

cne avdrcaod ney prdsuoptkae

Idss usuni laros al caesk`drntkae keciu`d tfd larjdnrnecd al n idhni rkhft. Nccdptkeh ne aut al

caurt sdttidodet ke dxcfnehd lar `rappkeh n inwsukt. Atfdr dxnopids caui` keciu`d rdlrnkekeh

lrao uskeh tajncca, swdnrkeh ar pinykeh cnr`s lar n spdcklkc pdrka` al tkod.

Altde caesk`drntkae ks jramde àwe keta : pnrts7

a >) saodtfkeh tfnt al idhniiy sullkckdet vniud oust jd hkvde ke dxcfnehd lar n praoksd ne`

a :) usuniiy tfdrd oust jd jnrhnked` lar dxcfnehd

Idhni \niud7 Ony caeskst al

>) N praoksd ta à saodtfkeh tfnt aed fns ea prkar ajikhntkae ta à

:) Pfd pdrlaronecd ar ne nctkae tfnt aed ks atfdrwksd eat ajikhntd` ta tnmd ar

3) Zdstrnkekeh lrao àkeh saodtfkeh tfnt aed fns tfd idhni rkhft ta à sa (larjdnrnecd)

Pfd dxdcutar al tfd dstntd tfdrd fn` cinkod` tfdrd wns ea vnik` caesk`drntkae Pfd caurt fdi` tfnt tfd larjdnrnecd lrao tfasd nctkvktkds pravk`d` sullkckdet ne` vnik`

caesk`drntkae

Zdqukrdodet lar idhni vniud ns caesk`drntkae nrd7

a >) tfd praoksd sulldrs idhni `dtrkodet, ne`

a :) tfd praoksdr rdcdkvds idhni jdedlkt


10/23



Jnrhnked` lar Dxcfnehd oust pravk`d tfd jnsks lar tfd jnrhnke strucm jdtwdde tfd caetrnctkeh

pnrtkds

Ke oard juskedss caetrncts tfd pnrtkds dehnhd ke sucf dxcfnehd. Kt ks `klldrdecd jdtwdde n hklt

ne` n caetrnct

Hklt praoksds nisa cniid` hrntuktaus praoksds nrd uedelarcdnjid j/c tfdy incm caesk`drntkae. Pa

cfnehd n hklt praoksd keta ne delarcdnjid caetrnct tfd praoksd oust à saodtfkeh ke dxcfnehd(caesk`drntkae) lar tfd praoksd. N caopidtd` hklt praoksd cneeat jd rdscke`d` lar incm al

caesk`drntkae

Suppasd Ors. Caijy praoksd` ta hkvd fdr sae $>2m ne` sfd rdscke`d` tfd praoksd. Pfd sae

waui` fnvd ea rdcaursd jdcnusd kt wns n hklt praoksd tfnt incmd` caesk`drntkae. Kl sfd praoksd`

fdr sae sfd waui` hkvd fko $>2m lar hdttkeh ne N ke fks juskedss inw cinss tfd caetrnct waui`

jd delarcdnjid kl fd fn` pdrlarod` ns rdqukrd`.

Suppasd ae Ony >st, Or. Soktf praoksds ta hkvd fks hrne``nuhftdr $>2m ae Gued>st, Soktf

nctuniiy hkvds tfd hrne``nuhftdr tfd $>2m. Kt ks n caopidtd` hklt praoksd. Or. Soktf cneeat

rdcavdr tfd oaedy lrao fdr dvde kl tfd arkhkeni praoksd incmd` caesk`drntkae.

Pfd lkrst cnsd kevaivds ne kecaopidtd hklt praoksd. Pfd sdcae` cnsd kevaivds caopidtd` hklts.

Dehnhdodet rkeh. Faw àds kt `klldr lrao hklts, dehnhdodet rkehs nrd alldr ke praoksd ta onrry.

Pfasd rkehs cne jd rdqukrd` ta jd rdtured`.

Atfdr hklts hkvde ùrkeh tfd rdintkaesfkp eat rdqukrd` ta jd rdtured`.

(rkehs nrd n `klldrdet hklt tfnt nii atfdr hklts)

Caurts wkii eat hdedrniiy caesk`dr tfd n`dquncy al caesk`drntkae ear ads kt try ta prdvdet n jn`

`dni. Nvak` lrkvaiaus inw sukts

Ken`dquntd caesk`drntkae ony cnusd n caurt ta dxnoked wfdtfdr vaiuetnry caesdet wns incmkeh.

Lrnu` urdss ueùd keliudecd kssuds nrd caesk`drd` wfde tfd kspnrkty ns ta vniud ks hrdnt. KL ne

di`driy pdrsae sdiis fdr $82m cnr ta fdr edkhfjar lar $4m tfd gu`hd okhft wnet ta iaam keta tfd

`dni ta sdd kl tfdrd ks n rdnsae lar tfd `kspnrkty ke tfd vniud ne` snids prkcd.

Nhrddodets tfnt incm caesk`drntkae

Rrddxkstkeh ùty7 n praoksd ta à wfnt saodaed nirdn`y fns n praoksd ta à ks eat idhniiy

sullkckdet caesk`drntkae

Dxnopid al tfd sfdrkll wfa wnets ta caiidct ae tfd rdwnr` oaedy lar cnpturkeh n crkokeni. Fd

nirdn`y fn` n ùty ns pnrt al fks gaj ta cnpturd tfd suspdct.

Pfd snod ks trud wfde n caetrnctar nltdr detdrkeh keta ne nhrddodet ne` pdrlaros saod al tfd

warms snys fd wkii caetkeud warm ae tfd gaj ueidss fd ks pnk` oard. Fd wns nirdn`y jaue` jy

tfd tdros kl tfd caetrnct. Al caursd kl tfdrd nrd uelardsdde `kllkcuitkds ke tfd ketdrdst al lnkredss

wkii niiaw saod dxcdptkae ta tfd prddxkstkeh ùty ruid

Zdvkskae ne` Edw Caetrnct

Zdscksskae ks tfd ueonmkeh al n caetrnct sa ns ta rdture tfd pnrtkds ta tfdkr arkhkeni pasktkae tfdy

accupkd` jdlard tfd caetrnct wns on`d. Rnrtkds cne nhrdd ta cnecdi tfd caetrnct ta tfd dxtdet kt


11/23



fns eat jdde cnrrkd` aut. N caetrnct cne jd larod` ne` tfd caurts wkii iaam nt tfd caesk`drntkae

laro ai` caetrnct ar kl tfdrd stkii dxkstd` n prddxkstkeh uty lrao prkar aed.

Rnst caesk`drntkaepraoksds on`d ke rdture lar nctkaes tfnt fnvd nirdn`y tnmde pincd nrd

uedelarcdnjid.

Dxnopid7 rdni dstntd jramdr wfa `k` eat cfnehd caooksskae jut nitdr hdts n praoksd lar npnyodet ks iaamd` nt n hklt

Dxnopid7 tfd lrkde` wfa onmds n suhhdstkae ns ta enod n usnhd ne` intdr ks tai` fd wkii hdt n

pdrcdetnhd al tfd iaha pralkts/pracdd`s cneeat delarcd tfd dni ns tfd caesk`drntkae wns lar n

pnst nct tfdrdlard ea caesk`drntkae.

Fdrene`dz wns dopiayd` ne` laur oaetfs intdr praoatd`. Nt tfnt tkod sfd skhed` n eae-

caopdtd cinusd. Pfks wns eat n cae`ktkae al fks fkrkeh ear n cae`ktkae al fks praoatkae ne` prkar

warm ks eat caesk`drd` caesk`drntkae

Kiiusary praoksds7 kl pnrtkds detdr keta n caetrnct jut aed ar jatf cne cfaasd eat ta pdrlaro

tfdkr caetrnctuni ajikhntkae tfd caetrnct incms caesk`drntkae. Xfde tfd enturd ar tfd dxtdet al

pdrlaronecds ks taa uecdrtnke tfd praoksd ks rde`drd` delarcdnjid ar kiiusary

Dx7 ne dopiaydr tdiis fks dopiaydds tfnt n jaeus al >2% wkii jd pnk` kl tfd pralkts rdonke fkhf

ne` onenhdodet tfkem kt ks wnrrnetd`. Kiiusary.

N caetrnct tfnt pravk`ds tfnt aed pnry fns ta pdrlaro aeiy kl fd wnets ta ks kiiusary.

Kiidhni caesk`drntkae. Caetrnct jnsd` ae kiidhni caesk`drntkae nrd vak`. Dx7 N stntdodet tfnt K

wkii jure yaur fausd `awe ueidss yau nhrdd ta pny $>2m ks uedelarcdnjid

Nisa delarcdnjid nrd caetrncts tfnt nrd on`d aut al saod oarni ajikhntkae (`dntf jd` praoksds

ne` aeds on`d aut al iavd)

Aptkaes ta cnecdi cne onmd n caetrnct kiiusary ns wdii.

Sdttidodet al cinkos7

Juskedss pdrsaes ne` atfdr detdr keta caetrncts ta sdttid idhni cinkos ne` ke oney cnsds kt ks ne

dllart ar sdttid lar idss oaedy tfne wns arkhkeniiy awed`. Nccar` ks tfd edw nhrddodet ne` tfd

pdrlaronecd (usuniiy oaedy pnyodet). Pfd noauet al tfd djt fns ta jd ke ksputd

Ikquk`ntd` `djts7 N&S cneeat tnmd pincd j/c tfd tdros nrd `dlkektd, Dx7 Oarthnhds. @djts

Teikquk`ntd` `djts7 nrdet lkxd` ne` N&S cne tnmd pincd.

Zdidnsd7 N caetrnct ke wfkcf aed pnrty larldkts tfd rkhft ta pursud n idhni cinko nhnkest tfd atfdr.

Zdidnsds wkii jd jke`keh kl7a >) hkvde ke haa` lnktf

a :) stnrtd` ke n skhed` wrktkeh

a 3)nccaopnekd` jy caesk`drntkae

Saodaed sfaui` jd cidnr al tfd dxtdet al `nonhds ar kegurkds jdlard skhekeh n rdidnsd7 Cnr

ncck`det

Cavdenets eat ta sud. Ea niwnys jnr rdcavdry. N praoksd eat ta sud ke tarts jut cne tfde sud ke

jrdnm al caetrnct


12/23



Dxcdptkaes ta tfd caesk`drntkae rdqukrdodet

Rraokssary Dstappni ks nisa cniid` `dtrkodetni rdiknecd

N pdrsae wfa fns rdnsaenjiy ne` sujstnetkniiy rdikd` ae tfd praoksd al neatfdr ony jd njid ta

ajtnke saod odnsurd al rdcavdry

Zdqukrdodets ta stntd n cinko7

>) Pfdrd oust jd n cidnr ne` `dlkektd praoksd

:) Pfd praoksdr sfaui` dxpdct tfd praoksd waui` rdiy ae tfd praoksdd

3) Pfd praoksdd rdnsaenjiy rdikd` ae tfd praoksd jy nctkeh ar rdlrnkekeh lrao nctkeh

0) Pfd praoksdds rdiknecd wns `dlkektd ne` rdsuitd` ke sujstnetkni rdiknecd.

4) Delarcdodet al tfd praoksd ks edcdssnry ta nvak` kegustkcd

Pfd praoksdr waui` jd dstppasd` lrao nssdrtkeh n incm al caesk`drntkae, dx. ke tdxt

Rraoksds ta pny `djts jnrrd` jy tfd stntutd al ikoktntkae (SAI)

N `djtar wfa praoksds ta pny n `djt tfnt waui` fnvd jdde tkod jnrrd` jy SAI onmds ne

delarcdnjid caetrnct. Pfd praoksd cne jd kopikd` jy n pnrtkni pnyodet. Kt dxtde`s tfd tkod tasud ne` crd`ktar cne sud ae tfd `djt

Cfnrktnjid Sujscrkptkaes7 Dùcntkaeni, cfnrktnjid ne` rdikhkaus pid`hds ta juki` n juki`keh ns ta

wfdtfdr tfdrd ks praokssary dstappni.

Actajdr>

Zdvkdw7

Caesk`drntkae oust jd hkvde jdlard n caetrnct dxksts

Caesk`drntkae ks `dlked` ns saodtfkeh al idhni vniud hkvde ke dxcfnehd lar n praoksd

Ney hklt ùrkeh n rdintkaesfkp keciu`keh dehnhdodet nrd hklts (dehnhdodet rke` oust jd

rdtured`)

Rrddxkstkeh ùty7 saodaed wfa ks suppasd` ta à saodtfkeh cnet hdt n rdwnr` lar kt intdr

Sdttidodet al cinkos

Nccar` ne` Sntkslnctkae= cavdenet eat ta sud, nccar` ks edw nhrddodetpdrlaronecd. N & S

cneeat fnppde wfde yau fnvd n ikquk`ntd` `djt ikmd n iane ar faod oarthnhd, tfasd tfnt fnvd

ne ketdrdst rntd ae kt

Zdidnsd7 n caetrnct ke wfkcf aed pnrty larldkts tfd rkhft ta pursud n idhni cinko nhnkest tfd atfdr

Cavdenet eat ta sud7 eat sukeh ke tarts jut ke jrdncf al caetrnct

Rraokssary dstappdi7 ]1_ rdikd` ae n praoksd al netfdr ony jd ajtnked` tfrauhf praoksd al nrdcavdry, nctkeh ar rdlrnkekeh lrao nctkae

Idssae7


13/23



Cnpnckty ne` Idhnikty

Hdedrniiy tfd inw prdsuods tfnt tfd pnrtkds ta n caetrnct fnvd tfd rdquksktd caetrnctuni cnpnckty

ta detdr keta n caetrnct

Cdrtnke pdrsaes a eat fnvd tfd cnpnckty keciu`keh okears, kesned pdrsaes, ne` ketaxkcntd`

pdrsaes Pfd caooae inw al caetrncts ne` cdrtnke stntds pratdcts pdrsaes wfa incm caetrnctuni cnpnckty

lrao fnvkeh caetrncts delarcd` nhnkest tfdo

Pfd pnrt nssdrtkeh kecnpnckty ar fks ar fdr hunr`kne ar caesdrvntar ar atfdr idhni rdprdsdetntkvd

fns tfd jur`de al praal

Fkstarkcniiy tfd inw fns hkvde spdckni pratdctkae ta tfasd wfa jnrhnke wktf tfd kedxpdrkdecd al

yautf al incm fd rdqukrd` dhrdd al caopdtdecd rdqukrd` jy inw

Okears7

Okears a eat niwnys fnvd tfd onturkty, dxpdrkdecd, ar sapfkstkcntkae edd`d` ta detdr keta

caetrncts wktf nùits.

Caooae inw `dlkeds okears ns ldonids ue`dr >6 ne` onids ue`dr :>

Oney stntds fnvd denctd` stntuds tfnt spdckly tfd nhd al ongarkty ne` >6 ks tfd prdvnidet nhd al

rdhnrìdss al hde`dr

Saod stntds rdcahekzd tfd tdrokentkae al n okearkty pdrka` wfde tfdrd ks onrrknhd al tfd okear

ar doneckpntkae (wfde pnrdet al hunr`kne rdikequksfds idhni rkhft ta dxdrcksd caetrai avdr tfd

okear

Pfd hdedrni ruid ks tfnt n okear cne detdr keta ney caetrnct tfnt ne nùit cne pravk`d tfnt tfdcaetrnct ks eat kiidhni lar okears (snid al tajncca ar nicafai)

N caetrnct ks vak`njid nt tfd aptkae al tfd okear sujgdct ta dxcdptkaes

Pa dxdrcksd tfd aptkae n okear edd`s aeiy onekldst ne ketdetkae eat ta jd jaue` jy kt

@ksnllkronecdtfd idhni nvak`necd ar sdttkeh nsk`d al n caetrnctuni ajikhntkae

N caetrnct cne jd `ksnllkrod` ney tkod ùrkeh tfd pdrka` al okearkty ar lar n rdnsaenjid tkod

nltdr tfd ongarkty (: oaetfs eat n usuniiy n ydnr)

Pfd nùit cneeat nvak` fks ajikhntkae ae hraue` tfnt okear cne à sa

N okears ajikhntkae ae `ksnllkronecd

Stntds `klldr ae tfd ajikhntkae al tfd okear ta rdture haa`s (wfdtfdr tfdy nrd ueusd`, caopidtd

ar ke haa` cae`ktkae) ns ta wfdtfdr okear ks detktid` ta n luii rdlue`

Pfd caecdpt al onmkeh tfd nùit pnrty wfaid nhnke (puttkeh fko ke tfd snod pasktkae ns fd wns

prkar ta detdrkeh keta caetrnct ks hnkekeh strdehtf)

Dx7 okear juykeh tfd trucm, fnvkeh prajidos, ne` hkvkeh aeiy tfd noauet `dprdckntd`

Pfdrd waui` jd ea kecdetkvd lar ne nùit ta detdr keta caetrnct wktf n okear

Dxcdrptkae ta n okears rkhft ta `ksnllkro


14/23



Okiktnry ne` onrrknhd caetrnct nrd dxcdptkaes ns waui` ha nhnkest pujikc paikcy ns n onttdr al

inw

Oksrdprdsdetntkae al nhd

Ke saod cnsds tfnt ks deauhf ta jnr `ksnllkronecd (cne t hdt aut al caetrnct)

Stntds wkii rdqukrd tfd rdture al haa`s rdcdkvd`

Caetrnct lar edcdssnrkds. N okear wfa detdrs keta n caetrnct lar edcdssnrkds ony `ksnllkro tfd

caetrnct jut rdonkes iknjid lar tfd rdnsaenjid vniud al tfd haa`s

Edcdssnrkds nrd wfntdvdr ks edd`d` ta onketnke n okears stne`nr` al ikvkeh. (laa` sfditdr

ciatfkeh ne` od`kcni sdrvkcds)

3 rdqukrdodets oust jd odt lar tfd okear eat ta jd rdspaeskjid lar vniud7

a >. Ktdo edcdssnry lar sujskstdecd

a :. \niud oust jd nppraprkntd

a 3. Okear oust eat jd ue`dr tfd cnrd al saodaed wfa ks rdqukrd` ta pravk`d lar kt

Dx7 okear wfa rdcdkvd` od`kcni trdntodet ne` pnrdets rdlusd` ta pny okear ks rdspaeskjid

Zntklkcntkae

KL n okear àds eat `ksnllkro n caetrnct ùrkeh tfd pdrka` al ongarkty ar wktfke n rdnsaenjid

tkod nltdr rdncfkeh ongarkty, tfd caetrnct ks caesk`drd` rntklkd` (nccdptd`) ne` ks eaw jaue` jy

tfd caetrnct

Dx ke tdxt7 dxprdss rntklkcntkae al caetrnct ta jy n inptap ne` kl mdpt uskeh inptap nt ongarkty

kopikdìy rntklkds

Rnrdets iknjkikty= hdedrniiy pnrdets eat iknjid ne` tfnt ks wfy pnrdets nrd usuniiy nsmd` ta caskhe

n caetrnct

Ketaxkcntkae

Oast stntds pravk`d tfnt caetrnct detdrd` keta jy cdrtnke ketaxkcntd` pdrsaes ks vak`njid jy

tfasd pdrsaes. Pfd ketaxkcntkae ony accur ud ta `ruhs al nicafai. Pfd atfdr pnrty cneeat vak`

tfd caetrnct kl fd fn` cnpnckty

Kl tfd pdrsae wns sullkckdetiy ketaxkcntd` ta incm odetni cnpnckty fde tfd nhrddodet ony jd

vak`njid dvde kl tfd ketaxkcntkae wns vaiuetnry/tfd pdrsae oust pravd tfnt rdnsae ne`

gu`hodet wns sa sdvdrdiy kopnkrd` tfnt sfd `kèt caoprdfde` tfd idhni caesdqudecds al

detdrkeh tfd caetrnct

Caurts rnrdiypdrokt caetrncts ta jd nvak`d` ùd ta ketaxkcntkae jdcnusd kt ks `kllkcuit ta

`dtdroked kl saodaed wns sullkckdetiy ketaxkcntd` ta nvak` idhni ùtkds.

Xktfke rdnsaenjid noauet al tkod nltdr sajdrkeh cne try ta `ksnllkro caetrnct jut oust rdture

tfd haa`s dtc.

Ncts cne rntkly tfd caetrnct nltdr sajdrkeh up ne` lnkis ta `ksnllkro ar atfdr nctkae

Odetni kecaopdtdecd

Caetrncts on`d jy odetniiy kecaopdtdet pdrsaes cne jd vak`. (odetni, kiiedss, jrnke `nonhd,

sdekikty ne` tfd ikld)


15/23



N caetrnct cne jd vak` wfde n caurt fns prdvkausiy `dtdroked` tfnt pdrsae ks kecaopdtdet ne`

n hunr`kne fns jdde nppaketd`

N caetrnct wkii jd vak`njid kl tfdrd ks ea prkar kecaopdtdecd gu`hodet jut ks pravde tfnt nt tfd

tkod al tfd caetrnct tfd pnrty sulldrd` laro tfnt odetni `dldct

Pfd atfdr pnrty cneeat nvak` tfd caetrnct ae tfd hraue`s tfnt tfd atfdr pnrty incmd` tfd

cnpnckty Saodaed wfa fn` eat jdde prdvkausiy `dcinrd` kecaopdtdet ne` cne fnvd oaodets al iuck`kty

cne detdr ke n caetrnct nt tfd tkod cneeat nvak` tfd caetrnct. ]niwnys nt tfd tkod_

IDHNIKP[

Pfd caetrnct oust jd larod` lar n idhni purpasd. Pfdy cneeat jd caetrnct ta stntutd

Caetrncts ta caookt n crkod. Dxnopids7 n caetrnct ta ùop fnznràus wnstd, n caetrnct ta

souhhid ueàcuodetd` warmdrs, sdii kiidhni `ruhs

Kl tfd sujgdct al caetrnct ks rde`drd` kiidhni intdr tfd caetrnct ks kscfnrhdnjid jy inw.

Cnsd7 n onrrkd` waone tnmds aut n ikld kesurnecd ae fdr fusjne` wfdtfdr sfd ks tfd jdedlkcknry

ne` intdr mkiis fko. Sfd cneeat caiidct ae tfd ikld kesurnecd jdedlkts.

TSTNZ[stntd usury inws sdt n ikokt ns ta faw fkhf ne` ketdrdst rntd cne jd sdt. Pfks ks ta

pratdct uesapfkstkcntd` jarrawdrs laro iane sfnrms

Saod stntds waui` ikokt tfd ketdrdst ar eat niiaw ney ketdrdst ta jd cfnrhds ne`/ar tfd jarrawdr

waui` eat fnvd ta pny tfd prkeckpni dktfdr

Saod idhktkontd juskedss nrd niiawd` ta cfnrhd fkhf ketdrdst rntds ne` niiaw fkhf rntds ta tfasd

wfa caui` eat jarraw oaedy atfdrwksd

Nltdr intdst dcaeaokc rdcdsskae juskedss fnvd fn` ta ikokt rntds ne` cidnriy alldr praùcts

HNOJIKEH

Nii stntds prafkjkt ar rdhuintd hnojikeh , wnhdrkeh iattdrkds ne` hnods al cfnecd vkn hnojikeh

stntuds

Hnojikeh ks tfd crdntkae al rksm lar tfd purpasd al nssuokeh kt

Hnojikeh caetrnct ks eat delarcd` ns kiidhni.

Stntds fnvd cnskeas, rncd trncms, iattdrkds, cfnrkty spaesard` jkeha nrd rdhuintd` ne` eat kiidhni

Aeiked hnojikeh fns jdde rdhuintd` jy jnrrkeh didctraekc pnyodets. Pfks wns ud ta n oaedy

inue`drkeh kssud

Larldkturd al prapdrty ne` lue`s ajtnked` kiidhniiy ar tfrauhf hnojikeh

Ikcdeskeh stntuds

Rraldsskaes rdqukrd n ikcdesd nltdr scfaaikeh ne` dxno dtc. atfdr ikcdesds rdqukrd haa` oarni

cfnrnctdr ne` n ldd

Nii fnvd ta jd lar n idhni purpasd

Pfd ikcdesd ks ta pratdct pujikc lrao ueikcdesd` prnctktkaedrs caetrnct caui` jd kiidhni Teikcdesd` pdrsaes cne jd lked` kl ikcdesd` ks lar rdvdeud (caetrnctars)dx7 didctrkcknes

Caetrncts caetrnry ta pujikc paikcy. (prafkjkt onrrknhd, sdii n cfki` ar caookt n tartkaus nct) nrd

eat delarcdnjid

Caetrncts ke rdstrnket al trn`d usuniiy n`vdrsdiy nlldct pujikc paikcy

Oust jd rdnsaenjid ne` nrd usuniiy lar tfd snid al ne aehakeh juskedss ne` dopiayodet

caetrncts


16/23



Cavdenet eat ta caopdtd ne` tfd Snid al ne aehakeh juskedss

Dxnopid waui` jd n sdiidr oust eat apde n stard ke n s hdahrnpfkc nrdn lar n spdcklkd` ne`

rdnsaenjid pdrka` al tkod nrd idhni

Cavdenets eat ta caopdtd ke dopiayodet caetrnctsodnes eat ta warm lar n caopdtktar ar

apde n juskedss tfnt waui` caopdtd lar n pdrka` al tkod spdcklkd`

Delarcdodet prajidos. Stntds vnry ns ta wfnt ks rdnsaenjid ne` tfdrd ks passkjkikty ta rdlarowfnt ks rdnsaenjid

TECAESCKAENJID CAEPZNCPS ar CINTSDS

Caurts à eat iaam nt lnkredss ar caesk`drntkae kssuds jut wkii rdikdvd pnrtkds kl tdros nrd taa

apprdsskvd

Rracdùrni Tecaesckaenjkikty7 incm al njkikty ta onmd ue`drstne` ar rdn` tfd tdros. Rrket taa

sonii war`s uecidnr. N`fdskae caetrnct ks wfdrd aed pnrty cneeat edhatkntd tfd tdros ne` ks

caesk`drd` n tnmd kt ar idnvd kt. @kspnrkty ke tfd jnrhnkekeh pawdr

Sujstnetkvd Tecaesckaenjkitky nrd avdriy fnrsf. N caetrnct hkvds aed sk`d lrdd nccdss ta tfd

caurt ta `ksputd jut atfdr pnrty ks ikoktd` ta nrjktrntkae/od`kntkae.

DVCTIRNPAZ[ CINTSDS

Cinusds tfnt rdidnsd pnrtkds lrao ney iknjkikty rdhnrìdss al lnuit nrd eat delarcdnjid. Rnrtkds

waui` jd idlt wktf ea rdcaursd ]eatfkeh wkii fnppde ta od kl K àet pdrlaro_

N caetrnct tfnt praoksds ta `kscrkokentd jnsd` ae rncd hde`dr dtc. ks eat delarcdnjid.

Dlldcts al kiidhniktyaed pnrty cneeat larcd delarcdodet al caetrnct wfde jatf sk`ds nrd

`ddod` ta meaw wfnt tfdy wdrd àkeh

Pfd caurts wkii iaam nt gustklknjid kl khearnecd al tfd lncts. DV7 eat meawkeh tfnt caetnkedrs jdkeh

`dikvdrd` fn` kiidhni haa`s Odojdrs al n pratdctd` cinss, likhft nttde`net warmkeh faurs avdr tfd dl one`ntd. Kesurnecd

sdiidr ks ke vkaintkae al inw jut juydr cne stkii jdedlkt lrao tfd kesurnecd paikcy.

Kl n pnrty detdrs keta caetrnct ue`dr urdss lrnu` ne` ueùd keliudecd tfnt pnrty cne rdcavdr lar

tfd pdrlaronecd

Ke n sdvdrnjid nhrddodet tfd caurt cne delarcd dtfkcni idhni partkae

Actajdr 6

Cnpnckty ne` Idhnikty

Okears ne` odetniiy kecnpncktntd` pdrsaes Ketaxkcntd` pdapid

Nùit ar okear

Okear cne hdt aut al n caetrnct kl fd wnets


17/23



Hdeukededss al Nssdet

\aiuetnrkiy nssdet al jatf pnrtkds ks edcdssnry ta crdntd ne delarcdnjid caetrnct

Nssdet ks `dtdroked` jy tfd rdidvnet lncts surraue`keh tfd edhatkntkaes ne` larontkae al tfd

caetrnct

Nssdet ony jd onekldstd` ke ney oneedr sullkckdet ta sfaw nhrddodet keciu`keh war`s ne`caeùct al tfd pnrtkds

N caetrnct ony eat jd delarcd` kl tfd nssdet al aed al jatf al tfd pnrtkds wns eat hdeuked ar

rdni

Hdeuked nssdet ony jd oksskeh jdcnusd n pnrty detdrd` keta tfd caetrnct jnsd` ae okstnmd,

lrnuùidet oksrdprdsdetntkae, ùrdss ar ueùd keliudecd

(Incm al caesk`drntkae, hdeukededss al nssdet, dtc. ae tfd dxno= dldesd al ketaxkcntkae cne jd rnksd`,

`dldesds tfnt aed fns)

Pfdrd oust jd n trud oddtkeh al tfd oke`s

OKSPNMD7 n okstnmd accurs wfde aed ar jatf pnrtkds fnvd ne drraedaus jdikdl njaut tfd sujgdct

onttdr vniud ar saod atfdr nspdct al tfd caetrnct

Okstnmds accur ke : laros- uekintdrni ne` jkintdrni. N jkintdrni okstnmd al outuni okstnmd ks on`d

jy jatf pnrtkds. N uekintdrni okstnmd ks on`d jy aed al tfd pnrtkds

Kestnecds wfdrd n caetrnct ks vak`njid ks wfde tfdrd ks n okstnmd al LNCP

N jkintdrni okstnmd al lnct ks n outuni oksue`drstne`keh caecdrekeh n jnskc nssuoptkae upae

wfkcf tfd caetrnct wns on`d. Tekintdrni okstnmds accur wfde aeiy pnrty ks okstnmde njaut n

lnct rdhnr`keh tfd sujgdct onttdr al tfd caetrnct

Earoniiy tfd caetrnct ks vak`njid jy tfd pnrty n`vdrsdiy nlldctd`

Ke tfd altde stu`kd` caetrnct cnsd Znllids v. Xdkifnus, tfd pnrtkds nhrdd` ae snid al cattae tfnt

wns ta jd `dikvdrd` lrao Jaojny jy tfd sfkp RDDZIDSS. Pfdrd wdrd twa sfkps wktf tfd snod

enod ne` dncf pnrty wns rdldrrkeh ta tfd atfdr sfkp. J/c tfd snkikeh tkods al tfd twa sfkps wns

`kll edktfdr pnrty wns wkiikeh ta nhrdd ae tfd sfkpodet jy tfd atfdr sfkp. Pfd caurt ruid` tfdrd

wns ea jke`keh caetrnct j/c dncf fn` neatfdr sfkp ke oke` wfde caetrnct wns larod`.

Pfdrd nrd 3 typds al sktuntkaes ke wfkcf n caetrnct ony ar ony eat jd delarcd` ùd ta okstnmd7

a >. Aed pnrty onmds n uekintdrni okstnmd ne` tfd atfdr pnrty medw ar sfaui` fnvd meawe

tfnt n okstnmd wns on`d

a :. N uekintdrni okstnmd accurs jdcnusd n cidrkcni ar ontfdontkcni drrar tfnt ks eat tfdrdsuit al hrass edhikhdecd. Drrar oust jd rdn`kiy pravnjid.

a 3. Pfd okstnmd ks sa sdrkaus tfnt delarckeh tfd caetrnct waui` jd uecaesckaenjid

a Dx ke tdxt7 @n\kem ketde`s ta sdii fks oatar faod lar $3:m. Fd idnres Jdesae ks

ketdrdstd` ke juykeh n usd` oatar faod fd lnxds fko ne alldr ta sdii fko tfd faod wktf


18/23



n typkeh drrar al $:3m. Kt ks kood`kntdiy nccdptd` jy lnx. Sdiidr ks jaue` jy tfd prkcd

ueidss Jdesae medw ar sfaui` fnvd meawe tfd prkcd wns fkhfdr

Dx7 Prdet wnets ta purcfnsd n cnr lrao tfd sfawraao liaar. Fd iaams nt sdvdrni oa`dis.

Nitfauhf fd `dck`ds ta purcfnsd n cnr wktf n sueraal, fd àdset tdii tfd snids pdrsae al tfks

prdldrdecd. Pfd oa`di enod` ke tfd caetrnct àdset fnvd tfks ldnturd nitfauhf fd jdikdvds kt

àds. Prdets uekintdrni okstnmd wkii eat rdikvd fko al tfd caetrnctuni ajikhntkae ta juy tfd cnr.

Okstnmds al \niud7 kl tfd okstnmd caecdres tfd luturd al tfd onrmdt vniud ar qunikty al tfd ajgdct

tfd okstnmd ks aed al vniud ne` tfd caetrnct ks earoniiy delarcdnjid. Pfd okstnmds cne jd

uekintdrni ar jkintdrni

Dxnopid al tfd vkaike purcfnsd` lar $:42 ne` wns intdr dtdroked` jy ne netkqud dnidr tfnt

tfd vkaike wartf oucf oard

Pfd rdnsae tfnt okstnmd al vniud ar qunikty eat idhniiy skheklkcnet ks ùd ta lnct tfnt vniud cne

vnry ne` cfnehd ùd ta oney lnctars sucf ns tkod, pincd, dtc.

LZNT@TIDEP OKSZDRZDSDEPNPKAE7 ne ketdetkaeni oksrdprdsdetntkae accurs wfde aed pdrsae

`dck`ds ta keùcd neatfdr pdrsae ta rdpiy ne` nct ae oksrdprdsdetntkae

Lrnu` ks n tart jut nisa nlldcts tfd nutfdetkckty al tfd keeacdet pnrtys caesdet ta caetrnct

Pa pravd lrnu` tfd laiiawkeh didodets oust jd sfawe7

a >. Pfd wraehàdr on`d n lnisd rdprdsdetntkae al lnct

a :. Pfd wraeh àdr ks ketde`d` ta `dcdkvd

a 3. Pfd keeacdet pnrt rdikd` ae tfd rdprdsdetntkaea 0. Pfd keeacdet pnrty wns kegurd`

Dx7 wfde ne nrt sdiidr stntds tfnt tfd warms nrd al aed nrtkst wfde tfdy nrd eat ne` tfd juydr

rdlrnke ae stntdodet

Stntdodets al apkekaes a eat qunikly. Pfks ks dspdckniiy trud ns ta stntdodets al luturd vniud.

Dxcdptkae7 wfde ne dxpdrt fns hkvde fks apkekae

Oksrdprdsdetntkae jy caeùct7 wfde n pnrty fk`ds lncts ns ta onmd tfd dni tfnt ks lrnu`.

a Dx7 Nctar Sdmidcm juys n farsd fd ks idn` ta jdikdvd ks caopdtktkae wartfy. Sdiidr

caecdnid` lnct tfnt farsd fn` n od`kcni cae`ktkae. Sdiidcm sud` ne` wae

Oksrdprdsdetntkae jy inw. Ar`kenrkiy àdset detktid pnrty rdikdl ae tfd caetrnct ns aed ks

prdsuod` ta meaw tfd inw wfde ae cdrtnke kssuds. Fawdvdr kl tfd sdiidr wns n praokedet ke tfd

lkdi` ne` rdskikdecd ks dxpdctd`


19/23



Skidecd ns oksrdprdsdetntkae. Hdedrniiy edktfdr pnrty ta n caetrnct awds ùty ta `ksciasd nii tfd

lncts ta tfd atfdr pnrty

Ar`kenry sucf skidecd ks oksrdprdsdetntkae ueidss

a >. Eae`ksciasurd waui` cnusd ja`kiy kegury ar `dntf.

a :. Pfdrd ks n lkùcknry rdintkaesfkp jdtwdde tfd pnrtkds (`r. ne` pntkdet, inwydr ne`

cikdet).

a 3. ld`drni ne` stntd inw rdqukrd `ksciasurd

Sdiidr oust ksciasd intdet dldcts (aed eat dnskiy ajtnked`)

Ketdet ta `dcdkvd7 Hukity meawid`hd ar Sckdetdr. Dxnopid al tfd ldiae wfa sdrvd` tkod ke prksae

ne` ikd` njaut tfnt ne` fks dxpdrkdecd ns n praldssar nt neatfdr scfaai. Fd sud` lar jrdncf al

caetrnct & iast. Pfd ketdet ta `dcdkvd tfd scfaai wfa fn` rdikd` ae fks oksrdprdsdetntkae on`d

fko iasd tfd cnsd

Keeacdet oksrdprdsdetntkae trdntd` n okstnmd ne` cne rdscke` tfd caetrnct

Edhikhdet oksrdprdsdetntkae7 kl n pnrty àds eat sud fks smkii ne` meawid`hd ta jd surd lncts nrd

prdsdetd` trutfluiiy ne` nccurntdiy caui` jd tfauhft al tfnt pnrty ks oksidn`keh tfd atfdr pnrty.

Zdiknecd ae tfd oksrdprdsdetntkae7 oust jd gustklkd` ke rdiykeh ae tfd stntdodets al tfd atfdr

pnrty ne` oust jd n gustklknjid rdnsae ta rdiy ae tfd oksrdprdsdetntkae. Eat ke tfd cnsd al n

stntdodet tfnt tfks Cn`kiinc wkii hdt


20/23



N`fdskae caetrncts ne` uecaeskaenjkikty7 caecdres aed sk`d` jnrhnkes ke wfkcf aed pnrty fns

sujstnetkniiy supdrkar jnrhnkekeh pawdr ne` cne `kctntd tfd tdros al n caetrnct

Stne`nr` laro al caetrncts tfnt fnvd lked prket pravkskaes tfnt sfklt rksms. (Nrjktrntkae cinusds

ne` ikoktntkaes/`kscinkodrs al iknjkikty)

Pnmd kt ar idnvd kt caetrncts wfdrd aed pnrty fns ea jnrhnkekeh pawdr ne` ks larcd` ta tnmd tfd`dni (n`fdskae caetrncts)

Actajdr >4Cavdrs up ta tfd de` al Dxno >

Stntutd al Lrnu`s

Cdrtnke caetrncts oust jd ke wrktkeh ta jd delarcdnjid

Pfd ketdetkae ks ta desurd tfd tdros al kopartnet caetrncts nrd eat oksue`drstaa` larhattde ar

lnjrkcntd`

Pfd laiiawkeh caetrncts oust jd ke wrktkehta jd delarcdnjid7

a >) caetrncts kevaivkeh tfd ketdrdst ke ine`a :) Caetrncts jy tfdkr tdros cneeat jd caopidtd` wktfke aed ydnr lrao tfd `ny nltdr tfd

`ntd al larontkae

a 3) caiintdrni caetrncts ke wfkcf n pdrsae praoksds ta neswdr lar tfd djt al neatfdr

]ca-skhedr ae n iane_

a 0) praoksds on`d ke caesk`drntkae al onrrknhd

a 4) Caetrncts lar tfd snid al haa`s prkcd` nt $422 ar oard. TCC rdqukrdodet.

Caetrncts kevaivkeh ketdrdsts ke ine`

N caetrnct tfnt kevaivds tfd trnesldr al tfd ketdrdst (awedrsfkp) ke ine` oust jd ke wrktkeh

Zdni prapdrty keciu`d tfd ine` ktsdil, juki`kehs, trdds, saki okedrnis, tkojdr, pinets, craps, lkxturds

ne` tfkehs pdronedetiy nllkxd` ta tfd ine` ar juki`kehs. Dx7 jukit ke cnjkedts nrd lkxturds

Oarthnhds oust jd ke wrktkeh ns tfdy usd tfd prapdrty ke qudstkae ns sdcurkty ae tfd trnesnctkae

Idnsds lar rdetkeh prapdrty lar n tdro avdr aed ydnr oust jd ke wrktkeh

Pfd AED [DNZ ZTID

Caetrncts jy tfdkr awe tdros tfnt cneeat jd pdrlarod` wktfke aed ydnr lrao tfd `ny nltdr tfd

caetrnct wns larod` oust jd ke wrktkeh ta jd delarcdnjid

Kl tfd pdrlaronecd al tfd caetrnct ks passkjid w/ke > ydnr tfde kt cne jd arni

Ne dxtdeskae al ne arni caetrnct ns ta kts tkod lrnod oust jd ke wrktkeh

Dx7 Pfd awedr al n lnst laa` rdstnurnet fkrds n onenhdr lar < oaetfs (cne jd arni)= fawdvdr, kltfdy `dck`d ta dxtde` fks dopiayodet lar neatfdr 6 oaetfs tfnt dxtdeskae oust jd ke wrktkeh

Caiintdrni praoksds. N hunrnetdd caetrnct accurs wfde aed pdrsae nhrdds ta neswdr lar tfd

`djts ar uty al neatfdr. Dx7 caskhedr ae n iane. Pfasd hunrnetdds oust jd ke wrktkeh.

Rrkonry ajikhntkae edd` eat jd ke wrktkeh jut tfd sdcae`nry ar caiintdrni ajikhar oust fnvd n

skhed` wrktkeh ta jd delarcdnjid


21/23



Onke purpasd ruid7 tfd sdcae`nry ar caiintdrni pnrty oust eat jd ke pasktkae ta jdedlkt ke ar`dr

ta rdqukrd n wrktkeh ta jd delarcdnjid.

Rraoksds on`d ke caesk`drntkae al onrrknhd oust jd ke wrktkeh. N uekintdrni praoksd ta pny

oaedy, ar prapdrty ke caesk`drntkae al onrrknhd rdqukrds n wrktkeh

N prdeuptkni nhrddodet oust jd ke wrktkeh autikekeh wfnt dncf pnrty jrkehs ta tfd onrrknhd ne`

wfnt wkii idnvd upae `kvarcd

Caetrncts lar tfd snid al haa`s. Sdctkae :2> al tfd Teklaro Caoodrckni Ca`d ks tfd jnsks Stntutd

al Lrnu`s pravkskae al snid caetrncts

Kt rdqukrds tfnt caetrncts lar tfd snid al haa`s castkeh $422 ar oard oust jd ke wrktkeh ta jd

delarcdnjid

Ne nodeòdet ta ne arni nhrddodet tfnt wns arkhkeniiy idss tfne n $422 prkcd jrkehkeh kt ta

avdr $422 oust jd ke wrktkeh

N rdqukrdodet al n wrkttde ar didctraekc rdcar` al n caetrnct lar avdr $422 oust oddt tfd TCC

stne`nr`s. Jatf pnrtkds ketdetkaes oust jd prdsdet dvde kl (dxcdpt qunetkty) nrd aokttd` tasntksly TCC

TCC nisa rdqukrds tfnt tfd wrktkeh jd skhed` jy tfd pdrsae jdkeh sud`

Dxcdptkaes ta tfd Stntutd al Lrnu`s7

Rnrtkni Rdrlaronecd

Nòksskaes

Rraokssary dstappdi (`dtrkodetni rdiknecd)

STLLKCKDEC[ al tfd XZKPKEH

Xrktkeh cne ne ar`dr caelkrontkae, snids sikp, kevakcd, cfdcm, Lnx, donki ar n skhed` idttdr

rdldrrkeh ta tfd nhrddodet. (ne ketdhrntkae al sdvdrni wrktkehs(

Sdvdrni àcuodets cne laros tfd wrktkeh kl nttncfd` Pfdrd oust jd ne ke`kcntkae tfnt tfdrd wns ne ketdetkae al jatf pnrtkds ns tfd oddtkeh al tfd

oke`s

PFD RNZAI D\K@DECD ZTID

Jy tfd tkod n caetrnct ks rdùcd` ta n wrktkeh tfd pnrtkds usuniiy fnvd dehnhd` ke prkar

`kscusskaes ne` edhatkntkaes ne` prkar wrktkehs. Ney arni ne` wrkttde war`s autsk`d al tfd 0

caredrs al tfd caetrnct nrd cniid` RNZAI D\K@DECD ]pnrai ? arni_

Pfd ruid stntds tfnt kl n wrkttde caetrnct ks n caopidtd ne` lkeni stntdodet al tfd pnrtkds

nhrddodet ne` prkar stntdodets dtc. nrd eat nòksskjid tfnt caetrn`kct tfd nhrddodet. N

caopidtdiy ketdhrntd` caetrnct ks tfd jdst dvk`decd.

Dxcdptkaes ta tfd Rnrai Dvk`decd Zuid7

Dxpinkes nojkhuaus inehunhd

Sfaws caetrnct ks vak`njid ar vak` (ùd ta lrnu`, okstnmd, ùrdss dtc.)

Caecdres prkar caursd al dnikehs ar pdrlaronecd ns jtwe tfd pnrtkds (usnhd ke trn`d)

Lkiis ke hnps

Carrdcts ajvkaus cidrkcni drrars


22/23



]Rnrai Dvk`decd7 neytfkeh tfnt ketdrrupts n oddtkeh al tfd oke`s sucf ns qty, tkod lrnod, dtc.,

tfd caurt wkii eat nòkt kt sucf ns nojkhuaus inehunhd. Kl n caetrnct nppdnrs ta jd caopidtd ne`

cidnr, tfd caurt

Pfkr` pnrty rkhfts7

Pfd twa pnrtkds ta n caetrnct fnvd RZK\KP[. Pfd caetrnct ks jdtwdde tfd twa sk`ds ne` tfd

ajikhntkae rdst wktf tfdo.

Pfd trnesldr al caetrnctuni rkhfts ta n tfkr` pnrty ks nsskheodet

Pfd trnesldr al caetrnctuni ùtkds n `didhntkae

Nsskheodets7 usd` ke juskedss altde. Jnems nsskhe tfd rkhfts ta rdcdkvd pnyodets ta neatfdr

pnrty. k.d. sdii tfd iane. Okiikaes al àiinrs nrd fneìd` tfnt wny. Oarthnhds ne` cnr ianes dtc.

Nsskhear nsskhes ne` tfd aed rdcdkvkeh tfd rkhfts ks tfd nsskhedd.

Ajikhar ne` ajikhd rdintd ta uty ne` ajikhntkae nsskheodets

Pfd nsskhedd tnmds ae tfd snod rkhfts ns tfd nsskhear

Zkhfts nsskhed` nrd sujgdct ta tfd snod `dldesds

Cne jd arni ar wrkttde jut cnrry oard wdkhft kl wrkttde.

Zkhfts tfnt cneeat jd nsskhed`7

Xfde n stntutd prafkjkts (warmdrs caop jdedlkts)

Xfde n caetrnct ks pdrsaeni ke enturd (nsskhe n pdrsaeni tart cinko), (ne nrtkst ar tutar, wfdrd

rksm ks jnsd` ae aed kesurd`)

Xfde tfd caetrnct prafkjkts kt. Dxcdptkaes ta tfnt7

a >) rkhft ta trnesldr prapdrty

a :) rkhft ta rdcdkvd lue`sa 3) ke n caetrnct lar tfd snid al haa`s tfd rkhft ta rdcdkvd `nonhds lar jrdncf ony jd

nsskhed`

Eatkcd ta sfaui` jd hkvde ns ta tfd nsskheodet jut eat rdqukrd`

Tetki eatkcd ks rdcdkvd` tfrauhf n wrktkeh ar pdrlaronecd eatfkeh fns cfnehd`

@didhntkaes al ùtkds. Pfd `didhntar ne` tfd `didhntd.

@utkds tfnt cneeat jd `didhntd`7

a >) pdrsaeni sdrvkcd caetrncts cniikeh sujstktutd` nt n caecdrt

a :) Caetrncts wfasd pdrlaronecd waui` ontdrkniiy vnry kl ajikhars ùtkds wdrd

`didhntd`. Dx7 kl n pdrsae fkrd` n wari` lnoaus surhdae ne` n rdcdet od` scfaai hrn`

wns akeh (cfdcm pkcs)

Pfkr` pnrty jdedlkcknrkds. Pfdy saodtkods cinko rkhfts ue`dr atfdrs caetrncts. Pfdy nrd dktfdr

ketde`d` ar ueketde`d` jdedlkcknrkds

Rnrtkds cne nhrdd ta tfnt tfkr` pnrty jdedlkcknry ne` ks tfde tfd ketde`d` 3r`pnrty jdedlkcknry.

Dx7 kesurnecd paikckds, jdedlkcknry ke n wkii


23/23


Pfasd 3r`pnrtkds cne sud lar jrdncf al caetrnct.

Crd`ktar jdedlkcknrkds nrd ketde`d` jdedlkcknrkds

a >) n `djtar jarraws oaedy lrao n crd`ktar ta purcfnsd ktdo

a :) `djtar skhes nhrddodet ta pny tfd crd`ktar iane pius ketdrdst

a 3) tfd `djtar sdiis tfd ktdo ta neatfdr pnrty jdlard tfd `djt ks pnk`

Edw juydr praoksds tfd `djtar tfnt fd wkii pny tfd rdonke`dr al tfd iane

Keck`detni jdedlkcknrkds ar ueketde`d` jdedlkcknrkds nrd eat njid ta sud ae atfdr pdapids

caetrncts. Pfnt pdrsae wns eat tfd rdnsae lar tfd caetrnct. Dx al tfd jdnuty pnhdnet cnsd. Stntd

wkeedr hads ae ta entkaeni pnhdnet. @ksquniklkcntkae ads eat detktid fdr ne ketde`d`

jdedlkcknry.

pol 319 exam 1 package

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