Poisoning, Heat/Cold, Burns & Bleeding

Basic InformationBasic InformationObtain help A.S.A.P.Obtain help A.S.A.P.

Be confident and calm.Be confident and calm.

Protect the victim.Protect the victim.

Maintain confidentiality.Maintain confidentiality.

Avoid further injury of the victim.Avoid further injury of the victim.

Only provide treatment you’re Only provide treatment you’re qualified qualified to give.to give.

Happens by Happens by swallowing, swallowing, inhaling, injecting, inhaling, injecting, and contact with and contact with skin.skin.

Obtain help Obtain help A.S.A.P.A.S.A.P.

Poison Control Poison Control Center: 1-800-222-Center: 1-800-222-12221222

Know type of Know type of poison (if poison (if noticeable)noticeable)

Know how the Know how the injury came about.injury came about.

Know how the Know how the victim came in victim came in contact with the contact with the poison.poison.

Basic InformationBasic Information

SwallowingSwallowingS/S: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, S/S: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain,abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, difficulty breathing, changes in changes in consciousness, and consciousness, and seizures.seizures.

Call Poison Control Center.Call Poison Control Center.

Provide the S/S.Provide the S/S.

Determine type of poison, how much Determine type of poison, how much was was ingested, and when it was taken.ingested, and when it was taken.

Don’t give victim anything to eat or Don’t give victim anything to eat or drink drink unless instructed to do so.unless instructed to do so.

If patient is conscious:If patient is conscious: Induce vomiting by: Induce vomiting by:

Syrup of Ipecac, warm Syrup of Ipecac, warm salt water, and tickling salt water, and tickling the back of the throat.the back of the throat.

DO NOT induce if: pt. DO NOT induce if: pt. swallowed acid, swallowed acid, alkaline, or petroleum alkaline, or petroleum products, pt. is having products, pt. is having convulsions, or if pt. convulsions, or if pt. has fresh burns.has fresh burns.

If patient is If patient is unconscious:unconscious:

Check for breathing.Check for breathing. Always triage (to Always triage (to

prioritize pt’s according prioritize pt’s according to severity of injury.)to severity of injury.)

Swallowing cont….Swallowing cont….

Call poison control center.Call poison control center.S/S: pale or bluish skin.S/S: pale or bluish skin.Remove the victim from the toxic Remove the victim from the toxic

fumes.fumes.Check breathing.Check breathing.

InhalingInhaling

Call Poison Control Center.Call Poison Control Center. Wash area with large amounts of water.Wash area with large amounts of water. Remove clothing and jewelry.Remove clothing and jewelry. If contact with poison ivy, poison oak, If contact with poison ivy, poison oak,

etc. use calamine lotion or make a etc. use calamine lotion or make a paste with baking soda and water.paste with baking soda and water.

Contact with SkinContact with Skin

Remove the stinger Remove the stinger with a plastic card or with a plastic card or a pair of tweezers.a pair of tweezers.

Wash area with soap Wash area with soap and water, cover, and water, cover, and apply ice to and apply ice to reduce swelling and reduce swelling and pain.pain.

Check for S/S of Check for S/S of shock.shock.

Call for help A.S.A.P. if Call for help A.S.A.P. if signs of shock.signs of shock.

Give CPR if needed.Give CPR if needed. S/S for allergic S/S for allergic

reaction: redness or reaction: redness or swelling, itching, hives, swelling, itching, hives, and pain, swelling of and pain, swelling of the throat, dyspnea, the throat, dyspnea, and dizziness.and dizziness.

Stings and BitesStings and Bites

Wash the wound.Wash the wound. Keep body part very still.Keep body part very still. Keep body part lower than the heart.Keep body part lower than the heart. Look for S/S of shock and allergic Look for S/S of shock and allergic

reactions and provide CPR if needed.reactions and provide CPR if needed. DO NOT: apply ice, cut the wound, or DO NOT: apply ice, cut the wound, or

apply a tourniquet.apply a tourniquet.

SnakesSnakes

Injuries can be Injuries can be caused by fire, heat, caused by fire, heat, chemicals, radiation, chemicals, radiation, and electricity.and electricity.

When a burn breaks When a burn breaks the skin, infection the skin, infection can occur.can occur.

Burns can result in Burns can result in difficult breathing.difficult breathing.

Call for help Call for help A.S.A.P.A.S.A.P.

Basic InformationBasic Information

Involves the top (epidermis) layer of Involves the top (epidermis) layer of skin.skin.

S/S: redness, discoloration, swelling, S/S: redness, discoloration, swelling, pain, and dry.pain, and dry.

Heals in 5-6 days without permanent Heals in 5-6 days without permanent scarring.scarring.

Causes: the sun and mild contact with Causes: the sun and mild contact with heat and flames.heat and flames.

Superficial BurnsSuperficial Burns** 1 ** 1 stst Degree Burns** Degree Burns**

Involves the top two layers (epidermis & Involves the top two layers (epidermis & dermis) of the skin.dermis) of the skin.

S/S: redness with blisters, mottled, wet S/S: redness with blisters, mottled, wet appearance, pain, and swelling.appearance, pain, and swelling.

Heals within 3-4 weeks with mild scarring.Heals within 3-4 weeks with mild scarring.

Partial –Thickness BurnsPartial –Thickness Burns**2 **2 ndnd Degree Burns** Degree Burns**

2nd Degree

Involves all layers of the skin, muscle Involves all layers of the skin, muscle tissue, fat, bones, and nerves.tissue, fat, bones, and nerves.

S/S: appears brown or black (charred) S/S: appears brown or black (charred) with white underlying tissue, can be with white underlying tissue, can be extremely painful to painless.extremely painful to painless.

This burns is critical and requires This burns is critical and requires immediate medical attention.immediate medical attention.

Full-Thickness BurnsFull-Thickness Burns**3 **3 rdrd Degree Burns** Degree Burns**

3rd degree

All 3 types

Remove the victim Remove the victim from the source of from the source of heat.heat.

Cool the skin with Cool the skin with large amounts of large amounts of water.water.

Cover the burn with Cover the burn with a sterile dressing.a sterile dressing.

If possible, relieve the If possible, relieve the pain.pain.

Check for S/S of Check for S/S of shock.shock.

Prevent any infection.Prevent any infection.

How to care for burnsHow to care for burns

Heat Cramps: muscle spasms and pain; Heat Cramps: muscle spasms and pain; thru perspiration you have a lack of thru perspiration you have a lack of Sodium. Care: move victim to cooler Sodium. Care: move victim to cooler area and give small sips of water and area and give small sips of water and encourage them to rest.encourage them to rest.

Heat Exhaustion: body temperature is Heat Exhaustion: body temperature is normal, you have a lack of fluids normal, you have a lack of fluids because of excessive diaphoresis. S/S: because of excessive diaphoresis. S/S: similar to shock. Care: move victim to similar to shock. Care: move victim to cooler area, use cold wet cloths, and cooler area, use cold wet cloths, and give small sips of water.give small sips of water.

Heat Stroke: ***Medical Emergency*** Heat Stroke: ***Medical Emergency*** body is no longer able to cool itself off, body is no longer able to cool itself off, body temperature is 105body temperature is 105F. or more. S/S: F. or more. S/S: no ability to sweat, skin is dry, red, and no ability to sweat, skin is dry, red, and hot, fast, but strong pulse, loss of hot, fast, but strong pulse, loss of consciousness and disoriented. Care: cool consciousness and disoriented. Care: cool victim down with a tepid bath. If you don’t victim down with a tepid bath. If you don’t get the victim cooled down, convulsions get the victim cooled down, convulsions can occur then death. Victim CAN NOT can occur then death. Victim CAN NOT take a warm bath/shower, get into a take a warm bath/shower, get into a sauna or a hot tub or exercise for one sauna or a hot tub or exercise for one week.week.

What is it?? damage to the skin and the What is it?? damage to the skin and the underlying tissue.underlying tissue.

Check for hypothermia (lowered body Check for hypothermia (lowered body temperature) and treat these symptoms.temperature) and treat these symptoms.

S/S: hard, pale, and cold quality of skin, S/S: hard, pale, and cold quality of skin, lack of sensitivity to touch, but a sharp, lack of sensitivity to touch, but a sharp, aching pain, as the skin thaws the skin aching pain, as the skin thaws the skin becomes red and painful.becomes red and painful.

FrostbiteFrostbite

Move victim to a warmer place.Move victim to a warmer place. Remove the wet clothing.Remove the wet clothing. Apply warm cloths to affected area for Apply warm cloths to affected area for

20-30 minutes.20-30 minutes. Apply dry, sterile dressings.Apply dry, sterile dressings. Check for S/S of shock and provide CPR Check for S/S of shock and provide CPR

if needed.if needed.

Ways to care for Ways to care for frostbitefrostbite

To stop bleeding on an open wound: To stop bleeding on an open wound: apply pressure with a clean absorbent apply pressure with a clean absorbent cloth.cloth.

Raise the wounded body part above the Raise the wounded body part above the heart.heart.

Once the bleeding stops, clean wound Once the bleeding stops, clean wound with soap and water.with soap and water.

Wrap in a sterile dressing.Wrap in a sterile dressing.

Have the victim sit with their head tilted Have the victim sit with their head tilted a bit forward.a bit forward.

Pinch their nostrils together.Pinch their nostrils together. Place an ice pack on the bridge of the Place an ice pack on the bridge of the

nose.nose.

NosebleedsNosebleeds