POINTERS ON POINTERS ON ADMINISTRATIVE LAWADMINISTRATIVE LAW

Atty. Alberto C. AgraAtty. Alberto C. Agra

Administrative LawAdministrative LawAdministrative Agencies: CreationsAdministrative Agencies: Creations of the of the StateStateCharterCharter defines Nature, Purpose, Powers, defines Nature, Purpose, Powers, Structure, Jurisdiction, AccountabilitiesStructure, Jurisdiction, AccountabilitiesDelegatedDelegated, not Inherent, Powers, not Inherent, PowersSubordinateSubordinate/ Inferior Powers/ Inferior PowersLiberalLiberal Interpretation of Powers Interpretation of PowersBasic PowersBasic Powers1.1. InvestigativeInvestigative2.2. Quasi-LegislativeQuasi-Legislative3.3. Quasi-JudicialQuasi-Judicial

Investigative PowerInvestigative PowerExpressExpress

ContemptContemptSubpoenaSubpoenaSearchSearch

(Counsel not required)(Counsel not required)

Express or ImpliedExpress or ImpliedFact-FindingFact-FindingOcularOcularVisitorialVisitorial

Quasi-Legislative PowerQuasi-Legislative Power

PrinciplesPrinciplesTests of Valid Delegation:Tests of Valid Delegation: Completeness and Completeness and Sufficient Standards; Law valid even without IRRSufficient Standards; Law valid even without IRRDefinition:Definition: Power to Issue Rules/ Fill in details/ Power to Issue Rules/ Fill in details/ ‘How’ (not ‘What’) a Law will be implemented‘How’ (not ‘What’) a Law will be implementedNature:Nature: Inferior/ Subordinate (cannot change, Inferior/ Subordinate (cannot change, amend or conflict with charter or law)amend or conflict with charter or law)Types (PIPICS):Types (PIPICS): Procedural, Internal, Penal, Procedural, Internal, Penal, Interpretative, Contingent and SupplementaryInterpretative, Contingent and Supplementary

Quasi-Legislative Power: Quasi-Legislative Power: Invalid ExerciseInvalid Exercise

LawLaw RuleRuleCreatesCreates AbolishesAbolishes

Strict RequirementsStrict Requirements Liberal RequirementsLiberal RequirementsNo RequirementNo Requirement Requirement ImposedRequirement Imposed

Stated RequirementStated Requirement Alter/ Delete RequirementAlter/ Delete RequirementEnumeration ExclusiveEnumeration Exclusive Add/ Delete RequirementAdd/ Delete Requirement

No ClassificationNo Classification Discriminates/ ClassifiesDiscriminates/ ClassifiesLimited ApplicationLimited Application Expanded ApplicationExpanded Application

Fixed PeriodFixed Period Change PeriodChange PeriodContinue PracticeContinue Practice Discontinue PracticeDiscontinue Practice

Grant PowerGrant Power Nullified PowerNullified Power

Quasi-Legislative PowerQuasi-Legislative PowerTypeType GrantGrant PublicationPublication

SupplementarySupplementary E or IE or I RequiredRequired

InterpretativeInterpretative E or IE or I Not RequiredNot Required

ContingentContingent EE RequiredRequired

PenalPenal EE RequiredRequired

ProceduralProcedural E or IE or I RequiredRequired

InternalInternal E or IE or I Not RequiredNot Required

Quasi-Judicial PowerQuasi-Judicial Power

PrinciplesPrinciplesGrant of Power: Grant of Power: ExpressExpressDefinition:Definition: Deciding controversies, Deciding controversies, Resolving conflicting claims and positionsResolving conflicting claims and positionsExtent:Extent: Questions of Law and Fact Questions of Law and Fact (depending on Charter)(depending on Charter)Limitation:Limitation: Subject to Judicial Review Subject to Judicial Review

Classes of QJ PowerClasses of QJ Power

DEEDSDEEDS1.1. Directing (corrective/ award)Directing (corrective/ award)2.2. Enabling (grant/ permit)Enabling (grant/ permit)3.3. EquitableEquitable4.4. Dispensing (exempt/ relieve)Dispensing (exempt/ relieve)5.5. Summary (compel/ force)Summary (compel/ force)

Quasi-Judicial PowerQuasi-Judicial Power

Administrative ProceedingsAdministrative ProceedingsCharacter:Character: Adversarial AdversarialJurisdiction:Jurisdiction: Defined by Law/ Charter Defined by Law/ CharterNature:Nature: Power to Adjudicate Not Power to Adjudicate Not Delegable (power to hear/ receive Delegable (power to hear/ receive evidence can be delegated)evidence can be delegated)Due Process (DINA)Due Process (DINA): Decision, Impartial : Decision, Impartial Tribunal, Notice and Appear/ DefendTribunal, Notice and Appear/ Defend

Quasi-Judicial PowerQuasi-Judicial PowerNotice and Hearing:Notice and Hearing: Required but subject to Required but subject to waiver (MR, subsequently heard, appearance); waiver (MR, subsequently heard, appearance); However, if no notice and notice not waived/ However, if no notice and notice not waived/ cured, then jurisdiction not acquiredcured, then jurisdiction not acquiredFull Hearing (CREX):Full Hearing (CREX): Claims, Rebuttal, Claims, Rebuttal, Evidence and X-Examination (not required)Evidence and X-Examination (not required)Evidence:Evidence: Substantial SubstantialDecision (BF PIE):Decision (BF PIE): Bases, Form, Parties, All Bases, Form, Parties, All Issues and Evidence (internal report)Issues and Evidence (internal report)

QL and QJQL and QJTopicTopic QJQJ QLQLGrantGrant ExpressExpress E or IE or I

PartiesParties ParticularParticular All/ SectorsAll/ SectorsAdversarialAdversarial YesYes NoNoControversyControversy ExistsExists NoneNone

Notice and HearingNotice and Hearing RequiredRequired Not RequiredNot RequiredPrimary/ ExhaustionPrimary/ Exhaustion ApplicableApplicable NANA

TimeTime Past/ PresentPast/ Present FutureFuturePublicationPublication Not RequiredNot Required DependsDepends

Judicial ReviewJudicial Review

Statutory ModesStatutory Modes1.1. CertiorariCertiorari2.2. ProhibitionProhibition3.3. InjunctionInjunction4.4. MandamusMandamus5.5. Declaratory ReliefDeclaratory Relief6.6. AppealAppeal

Defenses: Defenses: Judicial Review PrematureJudicial Review Premature

Doctrine of Doctrine of Finality of Administrative Finality of Administrative ActionAction: Decision Final 1: Decision Final 1stst before Judicial before Judicial Review; Exceptions – interlocutory, protect Review; Exceptions – interlocutory, protect rights, violate Constitution, excess of powerrights, violate Constitution, excess of powerDoctrine of Doctrine of Primary JurisdictionPrimary Jurisdiction: : Concurrent with courts, needs administrative Concurrent with courts, needs administrative discretion and expertisediscretion and expertiseDoctrine of Doctrine of Ripeness for ReviewRipeness for Review: Real/ : Real/ Present/ Imminent (not future/ imaginary/ Present/ Imminent (not future/ imaginary/ remote)remote)

Judicial ReviewJudicial Review

Doctrine of Doctrine of Exhaustion of Administrative Exhaustion of Administrative RemediesRemedies: Exhaust all administrative : Exhaust all administrative remedies before recourse to courts, remedies before recourse to courts, condition precedent, with exceptions:condition precedent, with exceptions:

JPLCS JPLCS DRIED DRIED DARN DARN CLRNTCLRNT

Judicial ReviewJudicial ReviewJPLCSJPLCSQuestions essentially Questions essentially

JJudicialudicialAdministrative Remedy Administrative Remedy

is is PPermissiveermissivePure question of Pure question of LLawawCConstitutionalityonstitutionalitySSmall amount that mall amount that

exhaustion will be exhaustion will be costlycostly

DRIEDDRIEDUtter disregard for Utter disregard for DDue ue

ProcessProcessNo plain speedy No plain speedy

RRemedyemedyStrong public Strong public IInterestnterestEEstoppelstoppelContinued and Continued and

unreasonable unreasonable DDelayelay

Judicial ReviewJudicial ReviewDARNDARNIrreparable Irreparable DDamage by amage by

partypartyAAlter Ego Bears lter Ego Bears

approval of Presidentapproval of PresidentNo administrative No administrative

RReview is providedeview is providedInsistence on Insistence on

exhaustion will lead to exhaustion will lead to NNullification of claimullification of claim

CLRNTCLRNTCCivil action for damagesivil action for damagesLLand not part of public and not part of public

domaindomainSpecial Special RReasons easons

demanding immediate demanding immediate judicial reliefjudicial relief

No No DDecision renderedecision renderedTTranscendental issuesranscendental issues