pointers in labor and social legislation

7/24/2019 Pointers in Labor and Social Legislation

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d +or,er)s re!resentation and !artici!ation in !olicy and decision-ma,ing

Art. 255/ L&he la"or organiation %esignate% or selecte% "$ the a*orit$ of the e&lo$ees in an

a&&ro&riate collecti#e "argaining unit shall "e the eclusi#e re&resentati#e of the e&lo$ees

in such unit for the &ur&ose of collecti#e "argaining. 2oe#er, an in%i#i%ual e&lo$ee orgrou& of e&lo$ees shall ha#e the right at an$ tie to &resent grie#ances to their e&lo$er.

An$ &ro#ision of la to the contrar$ notithstan%ing, or'ers shall ha#e the right, su"*ect to

such rules an% regulations as the Secretar$ of +a"or an% &lo$ent a$ &roulgate, to

&artici&ate in &olic$ an% %ecision-a'ing &rocesses of the esta"lishent here the$ are

e&lo$e% insofar as sai% &rocesses ill %irectl$ affect their rights, "enefits an% elfare. 4or

this &ur&ose, or'ers an% e&lo$ers a$ for la"or-anageent councils5 6ro#i%e%, that

the re&resentati#es of the or'ers in such la"or-anageent councils shall "e electe% "$ at

least the a*orit$ of all e&lo$ees in sai% esta"lishent. (As aen%e% "$ Section ,

Re&u"lic Act o. 71, arch 1, 1989)

o encourage a trul$ %eocratic etho% of regulating the relations "eteen the e&lo$ersan% e&lo$ees "$ eans of agreeents freel$ entere% into through collecti#e "argaining, no

court or a%inistrati#e agenc$ or official shall ha#e the &oer to set or fi ages, rates of

&a$, hours of or' or other ters an% con%itions of e&lo$ent, ece&t as otherise

&ro#i%e% un%er this Co%e.

e +or,er)s re!resentation and !artici!ation in !olicy and decision-ma,ing

Art. 255/ L&he la"or organiation %esignate% or selecte% "$ the a*orit$ of the e&lo$ees in an

a&&ro&riate collecti#e "argaining unit shall "e the eclusi#e re&resentati#e of the e&lo$ees

in such unit for the &ur&ose of collecti#e "argaining. 2oe#er, an in%i#i%ual e&lo$ee or

grou& of e&lo$ees shall ha#e the right at an$ tie to &resent grie#ances to their e&lo$er.

An$ &ro#ision of la to the contrar$ notithstan%ing, or'ers shall ha#e the right, su"*ect to

such rules an% regulations as the Secretar$ of +a"or an% &lo$ent a$ &roulgate, to

&artici&ate in &olic$ an% %ecision-a'ing &rocesses of the esta"lishent here the$ are

e&lo$e% insofar as sai% &rocesses ill %irectl$ affect their rights, "enefits an% elfare. 4or

this &ur&ose, or'ers an% e&lo$ers a$ for la"or-anageent councils5 6ro#i%e%, that

the re&resentati#es of the or'ers in such la"or-anageent councils shall "e electe% "$ at

least the a*orit$ of all e&lo$ees in sai% esta"lishent. (As aen%e% "$ Section ,

Re&u"lic Act o. 71, arch 1, 1989)

f. ri!artism and tri!artite conferences Art. 2%5/ L&

ri&artis in la"or relations is here"$ %eclare% a State &olic$. oar%s this en%, or'ers an%

e&lo$ers shall, as far as &ractica"le, "e re&resente% in %ecision an% &olic$-a'ing "o%ies of

the go#ernent.

he Secretar$ of +a"or an% &lo$ent or his %ul$ authorie% re&resentati#es a$, fro

tie to tie, call a national, regional, or in%ustrial tri&artite conference of re&resentati#es of

go#ernent, or'ers an% e&lo$ers for the consi%eration an% a%o&tion of #oluntar$ co%es of

&rinci&les %esigne% to &roote in%ustrial &eace "ase% on social *ustice or to align la"or

o#eent relations ith esta"lishe% &riorities in econoic an% social %e#elo&ent. In

calling such conference, the Secretar$ of +a"or an% &lo$ent a$ consult ith accre%ite%re&resentati#es of or'ers an% e&lo$ers. (As aen%e% "$ Section 3, Re&u"lic Act o.

71, arch 1, 1989)

3at"re of relationsi! bet4een em!loyer and em!loyee.It is not erel$ contractual. heir relation is i&resse% ith &u"lic interest that la"or contracts

entere% into "eteen the ust $iel% to the coon goo%. herefore, such contracts are su"*ect

to the s&ecial las on la"or unions, collecti#e "argaining, stri'es an% loc'outs, close% sho&,

ages, or'ing con%itions, hours of la"or an% siilar su"*ects. (Art. 17::, Ci#il Co%e)


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5 &onstr"ction of Labor &ontracts and te Labor &ode.+a"or contracts are construe% as ho the &arties inten%e% it to "e. ;ut in case of %ou"t, it shall "e

construe% in fa#or of the la"or. (Art. 17:, Ci#il Co%e)

he +a"or Co%e shall "e construe% verba legis.;ut in case of %ou"t in its i&leentation

an% inter&retation, all %ou"ts shall "e construe% in fa#or of la"or. (Art. . =oes not ha#e a license or authorit$ to engage in the recruitent an% &laceent of

or'ers.

here is illegal recruitent un%er the igrant @or'er/s Act (RA 8:es. here are to 'in%s of illegal recruitent51. here is simple illegal recruitmentheni. a &erson un%erta'es an$ recruitent acti#it$ as %efine% un%er Article 13(") or an$ &rohi"ite%&ractice enuerate% un%er Article 3


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Sunace 'ne of an% consente% to "e "oun% un%er the -$ear e&lo$ent contract etension,

it cannot "e sai% to "e &ri#$ thereto. As such, it an% its oner cannot "e hel% soli%aril$

lia"le for an$ of =i#ina/s clais arising fro the -$ear e&lo$ent etension. (Sunace v

-L'&, .' -o1177, Dan. , ::)

7. n te e:ent tat it is establised by e:idence tat te !rinci!al foreign em!loyer ad

,no4ledge tat its agent 4as engaged in illegal recr"itment/ 4at 4ill be te liability ofte !rinci!al foreign em!loyer9

he lia"ilit$ of the &rinci&alBe&lo$er an% the recruitentB&laceent agenc$ for an$ an% all

clais shall "e #oint and several. he performance bond to "e file% "$ the

recruitentB&laceent agenc$, as &ro#i%e% "$ la, shall be answerable for all money claims

or damages that may be awarded to the workers

If the recruitentB&laceent agenc$ is a #uridical being, the cor&orate officers an% %irectors

an% &artners as the case a$ "e, shall thesel#es "e#ointly and solidaril$ lia"le ith the

cor&oration or &artnershi& for the aforesai% clais an% %aages. (Sec. 1:, RA 8:es 1nternational 0anagement Services v Legate 2012)5 he &ro#isions of the +a"or

Co%e still a&&l$ to 4ili&ino H4@s ho ha#e "een %e&lo$e% a"roa% an% are retrenche% "$ the

foreign &rinci&al. (Article 83, +a"or Co%e)

7. +at is te !rescri!tion !eriod 4itin 4ic an ?+ may file is monetary claims9

Southeastern Shipping v -avarra, 7une 44, 4*2*:Article 91 is the la go#erning the

&rescri&tion of one$ clais of seafarers, a class of o#erseas contract or'ers. his la

&re#ails o#er Section 8 of the Stan%ar% &lo$ent Contract for Seafarers hich &ro#i%es

for clais to "e "rought onl$ ithin one $ear fro the %ate of the seafarer/s return to the&oint of hire. he &rescri&ti#e &erio% is thus three $ears fro the tie the cause of action

accrues

7. +at factors are considered to ens"re tat a contract of em!loyment of an ?+ is

!erfected9

8right 0aritime &orp v 9antonial2012)5 A contract a&&ro#e% "$ the 6HA is %eee%

&erfecte% at the oent (1) the &arties coe to agree u&on its ters! an% () concur in the

essential eleents thereof (Consent, o"*ect an% consi%eration).


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he Court aar%e% oral %aages an% attorne$/s fees to the co&lainant H4@ since after

the &erfection of the contract, he as not %e&lo$e%. he Court sai% that the action of

International anageent Ser#ices as tainte% ith "a% faith.

&. Boo, 6

1. A!!renticesi! Art. 5$a/ Labor &ode

7. f te com!any allo4ed indi:id"als to 4or, for at least tree monts and tenexec"ted A!!renticesi! Agreement on te tmont/ is te agreement :alid9

3o.(tlanta 1ndustries v Sabolino2011. A&&renticeshi& Agreeent is not #ali% here

co&lainants ere hire% as e&lo$ees first "efore the eecution of a&&renticeshi&

agreeent.he fact that the or'ers ere alrea%$ ren%ering ser#ice to the co&an$ hen

the$ ere a%e to un%ergo a&&renticeshi& ren%ers the a&&renticeshi& agreeents irrele#ant

as far as the e&lo$ees are concerne%, es&eciall$ since, &rior to the a&&renticeshi&, the

e&lo$ees &erfore% tas's that ere usuall$ necessar$ an% %esira"le to the co&an$/s usual

"usiness.

#en assuing there as a #ali% a&&renticeshi&, the e&iration of the first agreeent an% the

retention of the e&lo$ees as a recognition "$ the e&lo$er of their training an%

ac0uisition of a regular e&lo$ee status. he secon% a&&renticeshi& agreeent for a secon%s'ill hich as not e#en entione% in the agreeent is a #iolation of the +a"or Co%e/s

i&leenting rules.

. +earners

'.


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season. 2ence, hen the seasonal or'ers are continuousl$ an% re&eate%l$ hire% to

&erfor the sae tas's or acti#ities for se#eral seasons or e#en after the cessation of the

season, this length of tie a$ li'eise ser#e as "a%ge of regular e&lo$ent. In fact, e#en

though %enoinate% as seasonal or'ers, if these or'ers are calle% to or' fro tie to

tie an% are onl$ te&oraril$ lai% off %uring the off-season, the la %oes not consi%er these&arate% fro the ser#ice %uring the off-season &erio%. he la si&l$ consi%ers these

seasonal or'ers on lea#e until re-e&lo$e%.

7. +o is considered a reg"lar em!loyee9

niversal 'obina Sugar 0illing &orporation and 'ene &abati,K.R. o. 18


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A &ro*ect e&lo$ent conte&lates on arrangeent here"$ the e&lo$ent has "een

fie% for a s&ecific &ro*ect or un%erta'ing hose co&letion or terination has "een

%eterine% at the tie of the engageent of the e&lo$ee.

o re0uireents nee% to "e satisfie% to reo#e the engageent fro the &resu&tion of

regularit$ of e&lo$ent, nael$5 (1) %esignation of a s&ecific &ro*ect or un%erta'ing for

hich the e&lo$ee is hire%! an% () clear %eterination of the co&letion or terination of

the &ro*ect at the tie of the e&lo$ee/s engageent. he ser#ices of the &ro*ect e&lo$ees

are legall$ an% autoaticall$ terinate% u&on the en% or co&letion of the &ro*ect as the

e&lo$ee/s ser#ices are coterinous ith the &ro*ect.

7. +at is te conce!t of IcontrolJ test in an em!loyer-em!loyee relationsi!9

Tongko v 0anufacturers Life 1nsurance


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3o.?oly &hild &atholic School v ?&&S!T>L!P1.L(S, 7uly 4$, 4*2$( An academic

instit"tion so"ld a:e t4o bargaining "nits( one for academic !ersonnelK and anoter

for non-academic !ersonnel. e differences/ o4e:er/ bet4een te t4o categories of

em!loyees are no s"bstantial eno"g to 4arrant a dismissal of a !etition for

certification election/ see,ing an election for only one "nit. e remedy is to old t4o

certification elections.

7. +at 4ill consist of d"e notice to terminate an em!loyee "nder !robation9

Tamson@s >nterprises v &(, -ovember 2), 4*22/ (bbot Laboratories vs (lcara", 7uly 4$,

4*2$:Section , Rule I, ;oo' LI5 If the terination is "rought a"out "$ the co&letion of a

contract or &hase thereof, or "$ failure of an e&lo$ee to eet the stan%ar%s of the e&lo$er

in the case of &ro"ationar$ e&lo$ent, it shall "e sufficient that a ritten notice is ser#e%

the e&lo$ee, ithin a reasona"le tie fro the effecti#e %ate of terination.

7. f a !robationary em!loyee 4as illegally dismissed/ 4at is te basis of te

com!"tation of is bac,4ages9

'obinsons .alleriaB'obinsons Supermarket &orp v 'anche", 7anuary 25, 4*22'he

co&utation of "ac'ages of a &ro"ationar$ e&lo$ee shoul% not co#er the entire &erio%

fro the tie her co&ensation as ithhel% u& to the tie of her actual reinstateent. he

co&utation of "ac'ages shall en% u&on the en% of the &ro"ationar$ e&lo$ent.

he la&se of the &ro"ationar$ e&lo$ent ithout an$ a&&ointent as a regular e&lo$ee of

the e&lo$er effecti#el$ se#ere% the e&lo$er-e&lo$ee relationshi& "eteen the &arties.

7. &ristina 4as initially ired by Abet Laboratories nc. IALJ on a !robationary

basis. Se as been on !robation for te !ast t4o years. =nder te Em!loyees)

mployees nion v P-C&, 0arch $*, 4*22:A

&ro*ect e&lo$ee a$ "e classifie% accor%ing to the nature of acti#ities either as5

1. A &articular *o" or un%erta'ing that is within the regular or usual business of the employer

company, "ut hich is %istinct an% se&arate, an% i%entifia"le as such, fro the other

un%erta'ings of the co&an$. Such *o" or un%erta'ing "egins an% en%s at %eterine% or

%eterina"le ties.

. A &articular *o" or un%erta'ing that is notithin the regular "usiness of the cor&oration.

Such a *o" or un%erta'ing ust also "e i%entifia"l$ se&arate an% %istinct fro the or%inar$ or


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regular "usiness o&erations of the e&lo$er. he *o" or un%erta'ing also "egins an% en%s at

%eterine% or %eterina"le ties.

7. +at is te test to determine if one is a !ro8ect em!loyee9

(sos v P-&&, 7uly $, 4*2$:he &rinci&al test use% to %eterine hether e&lo$ees are&ro*ect e&lo$ees is hether or not the e&lo$ees ere assigne% to carr$ out a s&ecific&ro*ect or un%erta'ing, the %uration or sco&e of hich as s&ecifie% at the tie thee&lo$ees ere engage% for that &ro*ect.

7. s !rior ad:ice necessary to terminate te ser:ices of a !ro8ect em!loyee9

3o.A0 &onsun#i v .obres, (ugust D, 4*2*: Co&letion of the or' or &ro*ectautoaticall$ terinates the e&lo$ent. 6rior or a%#ance notice of terination is not &artof &roce%ural %ue &rocess if the terination is "rought a"out "$ the co&letion of thecontract or &hase thereof for hich the e&lo$ee as engage%. here is no #iolation of an$re0uireent of &roce%ural %ue &rocess "$ failing to gi#e the &ro*ect e&lo$ees a%#ancenotice of their terination! thus, there is no "asis for the &a$ent of noinal %aages.

7. +o is a seasonal em!loyee9.apayao v 9ulo, 7une 2$, 4*2$:he general rule is that seasonal e&lo$ees a$ "econsi%ere% as regular e&lo$ees. Regular seasonal e&lo$ees are those calle% to or' frotie to tie. he nature of their relationshi& ith the e&lo$er is such that %uring the offseason, the$ are te&oraril$ lai% off! "ut ree&lo$e% %uring the suer season or hentheir ser#ices a$ "e nee%e%. he$ are in regular e&lo$ent "ecause of the nature of their

*o", an% not "ecause of the length of tie the$ ha#e or'e%.he ece&tion to the rule is that seasonal or'ers ho ha#e or'e% for one season onl$ a$not "e consi%ere% regular e&lo$ees. Siilarl$, hen seasonal e&lo$ees are free to contracttheir ser#ices ith other far oners, then the forer are not regular e&lo$ees.7. +o are confidential em!loyees9Tunay na Pagkakaisa ng 0anggagawa sa (sia 8rewery v (sia 8rewery, (ugust $, 4*2*/Confi%ential e&lo$ees are those ho (1) assist or act in a confi%ential ca&acit$, () to

&ersons ho forulate, %eterine, an% effectuate anageent &olicies in the fiel% of la"or

relations. he to () criteria are cuulati#e, an% "oth ust "e et.

he eclusion fro "argaining units of e&lo$ees ho, in the noral course of their %uties,"ecoe aare of anageent &olicies relating to la"or relations is a &rinci&al o"*ecti#e

sought to "e acco&lishe% "$ the confi%ential e&lo$ee rule.

7. r. *amos is a !aymaster of a man"fact"ring com!any. &an e be considered a

confidential em!loyee9

3o.San 0iguel 9oods v S0& Supervisors and >xempt nion, (ugust 2, 4*22:6a$roll

aster an% e&lo$ees ho ha#e access to salar$ an% co&ensation %ata are H

Confi%ential e&lo$ees. heir &osition %o not in#ol#e %ealing ith confi%ential la"or

relations inforation

7. r. Santos is a 4ell-,no4n !"blicist. P"rs"ant to te By-La4s of AB& &om!any/ teBoard of irectors created te !osition of &omm"nications anager and it engaged te

ser:ices of r. Santos for said !osition. s r. Santos considered a cor!orate officer9

3o. A &osition ust "e e&ressl$ entione% in the ;$-+as in or%er to "e consi%ere% as a

cor&orate office. hus, the creation of an office &ursuant to or un%er a ;$-+a ena"ling

&ro#ision is not enough to a'e a &osition a cor&orate office.

7. As an ordinary cor!orate officer/ can r. Santos be terminated at 4ill by AB&

&om!any9

3o.0atling 1ndustrial v &oros, Cctober 2$, 4*2*he criteria for %istinguishing "eteen

cor&orate officers ho a$ "e ouste% fro office at ill, on one han%, an% or%inar$

cor&orate e&lo$ees ho a$ onl$ "e terinate% for *ust cause, on the other han%, %o not

%e&en% on the nature of the ser#ices &erfore%, "ut on the anner of creation of the office.

7. r. *eyes is a stoc,older of >M &om!any. Being an acco"ntant/ te com!any

ired im as its &om!troller/ a !osition not !ro:ided for in te com!any)s By-La4s.


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r. *eyes is listed as an IofficerJ in te Heneral nformation Seet of te &om!any.

e com!any terminated is ser:ices beca"se e fo"nd to be remised of is

res!onsibility as &om!troller. &an r. *eyes file an intra-cor!orate s"it before te

*& for is dismissal9

3o. &osare v 8roadcom (sia, 9ebruary +, 4*2%( e contents of te Heneral

nformation Seets/ 4ic identifies te em!loyee as an IofficerJ of te com!any co"ld

neiter go:ern nor establis te nat"re of te office eld by te em!loyee and is

a!!ointment tereto. e mere fact tat te com!lainant em!loyee 4as a stoc,older of

te com!any does not necessarily ma,e te action an intra-cor!orate contro:ersy.

7. +at is te test to be determine 4eter or not a termination of em!loyment

in:ol:es an intercor!orate contro:ersy9

he fact that the &arties in#ol#e% in the contro#ers$ are all stoc'hol%ers or that the &arties

in#ol#e% are the stoc'hol%ers an% the cor&oration %oes not necessaril$ &lace the %is&ute

ithin the a"it of the *uris%iction of the RC. he o-tier est ust "e a&&lie%. he test

ust scrutinie5 the status or relationshi& of the &arties! an% the nature of the 0uestion that is

the su"*ect of the contro#ers$.

'eal v Sangu Phils, 7anuary 25, 4*225 If the or'er as not a&&ointe% "$ the ;oar% of

=irectors, there is no intra-cor&orate relationshi&. If hat is in#ol#e% is terination of

e&lo$ent, it is a la"or contro#ers$, an% not an intra-cor&orate %is&ute.

7. r. Alden *icards/ an American citizen/ 4as ired by Ald"b &om!any as a

ar,eting S!ecialist.


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. +a"or Contracting

- *eC"isites

- +at is an inde!endent contractor agreement

- Ser:ice contractor

-laborD8ob contractor

- *igts "nder labor contracting7. +at caracterizes legitimate 8ob contracting9

8abas v Loren"o Shipping, Aecember 2+, 4*2*:A &erson is consi%ere% engage% inlegitiate *o" contracting or su"contracting if the folloing con%itions concur5(a) he contractor carries on a %istinct an% in%e&en%ent "usiness an% un%erta'es the contractor' on his account un%er his on res&onsi"ilit$ accor%ing to his on anner an% etho%,free fro the control an% %irection of his e&lo$er or &rinci&al in all atters connecte% iththe &erforance of his or' ece&t as to the results thereof!(") he contractor has su"stantial ca&ital or in#estent! an%(c) he agreeent "eteen the &rinci&al an% the contractor or su"contractor assures thecontractual e&lo$eesF entitleent to all la"or an% occu&ational safet$ an% health stan%ar%s,free eercise of the right to self-organiation, securit$ of tenure, an% social elfare "enefits.7. A com!laint 4as lodged against o! &om!any by a gro"! of laborers alleging tatte com!any does not a:e s"fficient ca!ital to o!erate as an inde!endent contractor.

"ring te earing/ o! &om!any !resented its &ertificate of *egistration 4it te?LE. s te &ertificate of *egistration s"fficient !roof to establis tat it is aninde!endent contractor93o. ;a"as #. +oreno Shi&&ing, =ece"er 1, :1:5 A contractor/s Certificate ofRegistration is not sufficient &roof that it is an in%e&en%ent contractor. A Certificate ofRegistration issue% "$ the =e&artent of +a"or an% &lo$ent is not conclusi#e e#i%enceof such status. he fact of registration si&l$ &re#ents the legal &resu&tion of "eing a erela"or-onl$ contractor fro arising.

'. +age orm"lation

- Po4ers of +age Boards

- &o:erageDEffecti:ity of Sced"le of Ad8"stments

- +age istortion

. Benefits for +omen +or,ers- aternity Lea:e contrast tis 4it Paternity Lea:e

- Hynecological Lea:e

-Sex"al


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series of ::: of the =e&artent of +a"or an% &lo$ent, an% the &arties/ Collecti#e

;argaining Agreeent "in% the seaan an% his e&lo$er to each other.

In the foregoing light, the Court o"ser#es that res&on%ent eecute% his contract of

e&lo$ent on Dul$ 17, :::, incor&orating therein the ters an% con%itions of the :::

6HA-SC hich too' effect on Dune , :::.

2oe#er, since the i&leentation of the &ro#isions of the foregoing ::: 6HA-SC as

te&oraril$ sus&en%e% "$ the Court on Se&te"er 11, :::, &articularl$ Section :,

&aragra&hs (A), (;), an% (=) thereof, an% as lifte% onl$ on Dune , ::, through 6HA

eoran%u Circular o. , series of ::, the %eterination of res&on%ent/s entitleent to

the %isa"ilit$ "enefits shoul% "e resol#e% un%er the &ro#isions of the 199 6HA-SC as it

as, effecti#el$, the go#erning circular at the tie res&on%ent/s e&lo$ent contract as

eecute%.

'. &laims "nder Em!loyees) &om!ensation Act

. Boo, V 6

1. =nions and *egistration

- Process of registration

- Hro"nds for denial of registration

7. s te s"bmission of financial statement material to registration of a labor "nion9

3o.?eritage ?otel v -G?'(1-!??0S&2011. he registere% union is not re0uire% to

su"it financial stateents an%Bor 'ee& e"ershi& re&resenting :G of the a&&ro&riate

"argaining unit throughout its lifetie. he Court sai% that the constitutionall$ guarantee%

free%o of association an% right of or'ers to self-organiation far outeigh res&on%ent/s

co&liance to aintain its status as a legitiate la"or organiations.

7. +at is te effect of 4itdra4al of membersi! after te a!!lication for registration

as been filed9

>agle 'idge .olf and &ountry &lub v &(, 0arch 2D, 4*2*: he su"se0uent affi%a#its ofretraction (ith%raal of e"ershi&) ill not retroact to the tie of the a&&lication forregistration or e#en a$ "ac' to the organiational eeting.Art. 3xempt nion, (ugust 2,

4*22:he test of grou&ing is counit$ or utualit$ of interest.


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here shoul% "e onl$ one "argaining unit for e&lo$ees in#ol#e% in %resse%

chic'en &rocessing an% or'ers engage% in li#e chic'en o&erations.

Although the$ see se&arate an% %istinct fro each other, the tas's of each %i#ision

are actuall$ interrelate% an% there eists utualit$ of interests hich arrants the

foration of a single "argaining unit.

2. Affiliation and isaffiliation7. &an te &o"rt inter:ene in an intra-"nion dis!"te9

3o. &irtek >mployees Labor nion! 99G v &irtek >lectronics


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an o"ligation for the e&lo$er an% the e&lo$ees to "argain collecti#el$ ith each other,

such co&ulsion %oes not inclu%e the coitent to &reci&itatel$ acce&t or agree to the

&ro&osals of the other. All it conte&lates is that "oth &arties shoul% a&&roach the negotiation

ith an o&en in% an% a'e reasona"le effort to reach a coon groun% of agreeent .

7. s it !ossible for a labor "nion to commit an "nfair labor !ractice9

>es. .oya v .oya >mployees nion, 7anuary 42, 4*2$' A C;A hich &rescri"es threecategories of e&lo$ees (&ro"ationar$, regular, casual) an% &ro#i%es for the %efinition,functions an% %uties of each, ser#es as a liitation on anageent/s &rerogati#e ofoutsourcing &arts of its o&erations, &articularl$ if it in#ol#es functions or %uties s&ecifie%un%er the C;A.7. +it te ado!tion of cost c"tting meas"res/ Ed"ardo 4as !art of man"fact"ring tat

4as retrenced by te com!any. &an Ed"ardo as, for reinstatement9

3o.Pepsi &ola Products v 0olon et al, 9ebruary 2D, 4*2$:Retrenchent in goo% faith is

not an unfair la"or &ractice. he fact that the retrenchent &rogra as i&leente% on a

co&an$-i%e "asis shos that the schee as not calculate% to st$ie union acti#ities.

7. Ner"salem &or!. IN&J as been !ro:iding ne4 cairs to its se4ing cre4 for te

!ast fi:e years. ?n te sixt year/ N& sto!!ed !ro:iding ne4 cairs. &an te com!any

be carged 4it "nfair labor !ractice for 4itdra4al of tis reg"lar !ro:ision93o.'oyal Plant Gorkers nion v &oca &ola 8ottlers, (pril 2+, 4*2$:Reo#al of chairs,hich ha% "een &ro#i%e% for ore than three %eca%es, as not ?+6. he rights of the ?nionun%er an$ la"or la ere not #iolate%.Since the C;A state% that an$ "enefit not e&ressl$ &ro#i%e% for in the C;A shall "e %eee%as &urel$ #oluntar$ acts, an% shall not "e construe% as o"ligation of the co&an$, itssu"se0uent reo#al as #ali%. he long &ractice %i% not con#ert it into an o"ligation or a#este% right in fa#or of the union. Chairs are not consi%ere% "enefits an% are not thereforeco#ere% "$ the &rohi"ition against %iinution.7. +o as te b"rden of !roof in an "nfair labor !ractice case9e !arty 4o instit"ted te case as te b"rden of !roof. &entral ("ucarera de 8ais

>mployees nion v &entral ("ucarera de 8ais, -ovember 23, 4*2*:;asic is the &rinci&lethat goo% faith is &resue% an% he ho alleges "a% faith has the %ut$ to &ro#e the sae. ;$i&uting "a% faith to the actuations of CA;, CA;?-4+ has the "ur%en of &roof to &resentsu"stantial e#i%ence to su&&ort the allegation of unfair la"or &ractice. A&&arentl$, CA;?-

4+ refers onl$ to the circustances entione% in the letter-res&onse, nael$, the eecution

of the su&&ose% C;A "eteen CA; an% CA;+A an% the re0uest to sus&en% thenegotiations, to conclu%e that "a% faith atten%e% CA;/s actions. he Court is of the #ie thatCA;?-4+, in si&l$ rel$ing on the sai% letter-res&onse, faile% to su"stantiate its clai ofunfair la"or &ractice to re"ut the &resu&tion of goo% faith.7. +o as te b"rden of !roof in a case 4en tere is allegation tat te registrationof te labor "nion 4as attended 4it fra"d9e !arty 4o instit"ted te action as te b"rden of !roof. Iokohama Tire Phils vIokohama >mployees nion, 0arch 2*, 4*2*/ ?eritage ?otel 0anila v P1.L(S!

?eritage, Cctober $*, 4**5: he charge that a la"or organiation coitte% frau% an%isre&resentation in securing its registration is a serious charge that shoul% "e clearl$esta"lishe% "$ e#i%ence an% the surroun%ing circustances.he &etitioner (the &art$ that file% the 6etition for Cancellation) has the "ur%en of &roof.

7. s te em!loyer a !arty to te !etition for certification election93o.'epublic of the Philippines, represented by ACL>, v Hawashima Textile, 7uly 4$,

4**D:ce&t hen it is re0ueste% to "argain collecti#el$, an e&lo$er is a ere "$stan%er toan$ &etition for certification election! such &rocee%ing is non-a%#ersarial an% erel$

in#estigati#e, for the &ur&ose thereof is to %eterine hich organiation ill re&resent the

e&lo$ees in their collecti#e "argaining ith the e&lo$er. he choice of their

re&resentati#e is the eclusi#e concern of the e&lo$ees! the e&lo$er cannot ha#e an$

&artisan interest therein! it cannot interfere ith, uch less o&&ose, the &rocess "$ filing a

otion to %isiss or an a&&eal fro it! not e#en a ere allegation that soe e&lo$ees

&artici&ating in a &etition for certification election are actuall$ anagerial e&lo$ees ill

len% an e&lo$er legal &ersonalit$ to "loc' the certification election. he e&lo$erFs onl$

right in the &rocee%ing is to "e notifie% or infore% thereof.

"s amended by (.". )*$+, the &abor Code now provides that, in certification election cases,

the employer shall not be considered a party with a concomitant right to oppose a petitionfor certification election.

7. &an em!loyer terminate te em!loyment of "nion members d"ring te reedom

Period9

3o.P1&CP 'esources, 1nc v TaEeca, (ugust 5, 4*2*:he ere signing of the

authoriation in su&&ort of a 6etition for Certification lection "efore the free%o &erio%,

is not sufficient groun% to terinate the e&lo$ent of union e"ers un%er the ?nion

Securit$ Clause res&on%ents inasuch as the &etition itself as actuall$ file% %uring the

free%o &erio%.


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7. +at is te effect if te em!loyer and te com!any extends its 5-year &BA9

9F& Labor nion!Philippine Transport and .eneral Gorkers Crgani"ation


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the coission of illegal acts %uring a stri'e. he la grants the e&lo$er the o&tion of

%eclaring a union officer ho &artici&ate% in an illegal stri'e as ha#ing lost his e&lo$ent.

It &ossesses the right an% &rerogati#e to terinate the union officers fro ser#ice.

. Boo, V 6

1. N"st &a"se

7onas 0ichael ' .ar"a v &oca!&ola 8ottlers Phils, 1nc, et al,H.*. 3o. 1$0#%2. Nan"ary 20/

2015 he "ur%en is on the e&lo$er to &ro#e that the terination as for #ali% cause.

?nsu"stantiate% accusations or "aseless conclusions of the e&lo$er are insufficient legal

*ustifications to %isiss an e&lo$ee. he unflinching rule in illegal %isissal cases is that the

e&lo$er "ears the "ur%en of &roof. "eleent an% failure to reit collections can onl$ "e

sustaine% if the e&lo$ee actuall$ collecte% the aounts %ue to the co&an$.

2. A"torized &a"se

7. +at constit"tes constr"cti:e dismissal9

'obinsons .alleriaB'obinsons Supermarket &orp v 'anche", 7anuary 25, 4*22:here is

constructi#e %isissal hen the e&lo$er &re-*u%ge% the e&lo$ee/s guilt ithout &ro&er

in#estigation, an% instantl$ re&orte% her to the &olice as the sus&ecte% thief, after the

e&lo$ee herself re&orte% the loss of one$. he %ue &rocess re0uireents un%er the +a"or

Co%e are an%ator$ an% a$ not "e su&&lante% "$ &olice in#estigation or court &rocee%ings.

he criinal as&ect of the case is consi%ere% in%e&en%ent of the a%inistrati#e as&ect.

&lo$ers shoul% not rel$ solel$ on the fin%ings of the 6rosecutor/s Hffice. he$ are

an%ate% to con%uct their on se&arate in#estigation, an% to accor% the e&lo$ee e#er$

o&&ortunit$ to %efen% one/s self.

Areamland ?otel v 7ohnson, 0arch 24, 4*2%( he e&lo$er/s non-&a$ent of the

e&lo$ee/s salaries for three onths constitute% constructi#e %isissal, e#en if it as the

e&lo$ee ho resigne%, since the e&lo$ee clearl$ cite% in the resignation letter the non-

&a$ent of salaries as the reason for the resignation.

The niversity of the 1mmaculate &onception v -L'&, 7anuary 4), 4*22:Constructi#e

=isissal occurs hen there is cessation of work"ecause continue% e&lo$ent is ren%ere%

i&ossi"le, unreasona"le, or unli'el$ as hen there is a %eotion in ran' or %iinution in

&a$ or hen a clear %iscriination, insensi"ilit$, or %is%ain "$ an e&lo$er "ecoesun"eara"le to the e&lo$ee, lea#ing the latter ith no other o&tion "ut to 0uit.

7. +ill te !endency of a criminal case 8"stify te termination of em!loyment of an

em!loyee9

3o. nited Tourist Promotion v Hemplin, 9ebruary +, 4*2%( A first notice hich state% that

the e&lo$ent contract ha% e&ire% "ut li'eise a%e general references to allege%

criinal suits file% against the e&lo$ee is non-co&liant ith the tin-notice re0uireent.

An e&lo$ee/s guilt or innocence in a criinal case is not %eterinati#e of the eistence of a

*ust or authorie% cause for the e&lo$ee/s %isissal. he &en%enc$ of a criinal suit

against an e&lo$ee %oes not, "$ itself, sufficientl$ esta"lish a groun% for an e&lo$er to

terinate the e&lo$ee/s ser#ices.'. ?bser:ation of "e 3otice

- 4o-notice r"le( a!!raisal and notice of termination

7. +en 4ill te t4o-notice r"le not a!!ly9

&aong v 'egualos, 7anuary 4), 4*22: he e&lo$er/s &olic$ of sus&en%ing %ri#ers ho fail

to reit the full aount of the "oun%ar$ as fair an% reasona"le un%er the circustances.

An e&lo$er has free rein an% en*o$s a i%e latitu%e of %iscretion to regulate all as&ects of

e&lo$ent, inclu%ing the &rerogati#e to instill %isci&line on the e&lo$ees. Since the case
http://www.scribd.com/doc/206891670/180972http://www.scribd.com/doc/206891670/180972http://www.scribd.com/doc/206891670/180972http://www.scribd.com/doc/206891670/180972


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in#ol#e% a sus&ension, not a terination, the strict a&&lication of the tin-notice rule is not

arrante%.

7. +ill lending a com!any .. to allo4 a relati:e to a:ail of s"ttle b"s ser:ice of te

com!any 8"stify is dismissal9

3o.1ntegrated 0icroelectronics v Pionilla, (ugust 4D, 4*2$:An e&lo$ee/s act of len%ing

his I.=. car% to a relati#e ho as an a&&licant at the e&lo$er co&an$ (to allo therelati#e to ha#e free &ass for the shuttle "us) as consi%ere% as insufficient groun% for

terination, %es&ite the guilt of the e&lo$ee.

Reinstateent @I2H? "ac'ages as or%ere%, "ecause5 (1) %isissal of the e&lo$ee

as too harsh a &enalt$! () the e&lo$er as in goo% faith in terinating the e&lo$ee.

7. +at 4o"ld 8"stify non-!ayment of se!aration !ay9

1nternational School v 1S(>, 9ebruary +, 4*2%:In a%%ition to serious iscon%uct, in

%isissals "ase% on other groun%s un%er Art. 8 li'e ilful %iso"e%ience, gross an% ha"itual

neglect of %ut$, frau% or ilful "reach of trust, an% coission of a crie against the

e&lo$er or his fail$, se&aration &a$ shoul% not "e conce%e% to the %isisse% e&lo$ee.

In analogous causes for terination li'e inefficienc$, %rug use, an% others, the +RC or thecourts a$ o&t to grant se&aration &a$ anchore% on social *ustice in consi%eration of the

length of ser#ice of the e&lo$ee, the aount in#ol#e%, hether the act is the first offense,

the &erforance of the e&lo$ee an% the li'e.

Hrie:ance !roced"re

onas -ichael (. ar/a v. Coca0Cola 1ottlers 2hils., !nc., et al.,K.R. o. 18:97. Danuar$

:, :1


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1-& Shipmanagement, 1nc &aptain Sigfredo > 0onterroyo andBor 1nterorient

-avigation Limited v (lexander L 0oradas,K.R. o., Danuar$ 1, :1 'egional Airectors

N"risdiction( .rievance 0achinery and Foluntary (rbitration

1nsular ?otel >mployees nion v Gaterfront 1nsular ?otel, September 44, 4*2*:he

general rule is in%i#i%ual e&lo$ees cannot raise a grie#ance. Hnl$ %is&utes in#ol#ing the

union an% the co&an$ shall "e referre% to the grie#ance achiner$ or #oluntar$ ar"itrators.A la"or fe%eration cannot raise a grie#ance on "ehalf of e"ers of its localBcha&ter.

8P1 v 8P1 >mployees nion


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oreo#er, Article : of the +a"or Co%e clarifies that such %is&utes ust "e referre% first to

the grie#ance achiner$ an%, if unresol#e% ithin se#en %a$s, the$ shall autoaticall$ "e

referre% to #oluntar$ ar"itration.

&ontinental Steel v (ccredited Foluntary (rbitratorontano( ;eing for the "enefit of the

e&lo$ee, C;A &ro#isions on "erea#eent lea#e an% other %eath "enefits shoul% "e

inter&rete% li"erall$ to gi#e life to the intentions thereof.

N"risdiction( ?LE Secretary

&hris .arments &orporation v ?on Patricia ( Sto Tomas and &hris .arments Gorkers

nion!PT.GC, 7anuary 24, 4**5: e Secretary of Labor and Em!loyment dismissed

te first !etition as it 4as filed o"tside te @0-day freedom !eriod. S"bseC"ently/

anoter !etition for &E 4as filed/ tis time 4itin te freedom !eriod.

7. +ill te s"bseC"ent !etition !ros!er9

>es, "ecause the %isissal has no "earing in the instant case since the thir% &etition for

certification election as file% ell ithin the :-%a$ free%o &erio%. Htherise state%,

there is no i%entit$ of causes of action to s&ea' of since in the first &etition, the union has nocause of action hile in the thir%, a cause of action alrea%$ eists for the union as the$ are

no legall$ alloe% to challenge the status of SCKC-S?6R as eclusi#e "argaining

re&resentati#e.

2. Prescri!tion of Actions

- llegal dismissal 4ito"t any legal bar( years

- oney claims 4ito"t legal bar( ' years

- ermination of em!loyment( years Art. 11@/ &i:il &ode

.oodrich v (tivo2010( Courts loo' ith %isfa#or on 0uitclais. ce&tions to the general

rule on 0uitclais5

1. &lo$ee eecutes 0uitclai #oluntaril$

. here is frau% or %eceit on the &art of the e&lo$er

3. Consi%eration for 0uitclai is cre%i"le an% reasona"le


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e&lo$er a$ "e ee&t fro lia"ilit$ if he can successfull$ &ro#e that the cause of the

seaan/s in*ur$ as %irectl$ attri"uta"le to his %eli"erate or illful act as &ro#i%e% un%er

Section : (=) thereof, to it5

=. o co&ensation shall "e &a$a"le in res&ect of an$ in*ur$, inca&acit$, %isa"ilit$

or %eath of the seafarer resulting fro his illful or criinal act, &ro#i%e% hoe#er,

that the e&lo$er can &ro#e that such in*ur$, inca&acit$, %isa"ilit$ or %eath is %irectl$

attri"uta"le to seafarer.

2ence, the onus &ro"an%i falls on the &etitioners herein to esta"lish or su"stantiate

their clai that the res&on%ent/s in*ur$ as cause% "$ his illful act ith the re0uisite

0uantu of e#i%ence.

. A4ard of Attorney)s ees

- 3at"re of a4ard- Hro"nds for a4ard

-maxim"m amo"nt

7. &an monetary a4ard be granted based on eC"ity9

>es.Luna v (llado &onstruction, 0ay $*, 4*22/ Fillaruel v Ieo ?an .uan, 7une 2, 4*22:

#en if there is a fin%ing that the e&lo$ee in%ee% resigne% an% as not %isisse%, the

e&lo$ee a$ still "e grante% financial assistance on e0uit$ consi%erations.

pointers in labor and social legislation

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