poetry - hazleton area high school...o the poet has an “author’s purpose” when he writes a...
TRANSCRIPT
COMPARE AND CONTRAST
A type of literature
Appeals to the heart
Appeals to
emotions/feelings
Uses verses/stanzas
Ideas are expressed in
shorter, more
powerful form
A type of literature
Appeals to head
Logical
Uses sentences/
paragraphs
Ideas expressed using
a lot more words
Poetry Prose
POETRY TERMS Poetry
A written expression of ideas in a concentrated, imaginative, and rhythmical terms
Sound and meaning of words are combined to express feelings, thoughts, and ideas
The poet chooses words carefully
Poetry is usually written in lines
Usually contains rhyme and a specific meter, but does not have to
Stanza A division of a poem based on the form
Named and numbered by the number of verses they contain Couplet: 2 lines
Tercet: 3 lines
Quatrain: 4 lines
Cinquain: 5 lines
Sestet: 6 lines
Verse One line of poetry
Three kinds based on rhyme and meter Rhymed verse- Verse with end rhyme and regular meter
Blank verse- No end rhyme but a definite meter
Free verse- No end rhyme and no meter
Diction
Poet’s distinctive choices in vocabulary
Form
Refers to the shape of the poem, the way the words and
lines are arranged on the page
Speaker
The imaginary voice assumed by the writer of the poem
The poet
Human character
Object or animal
More than one speaker
Rhyme
The likeness of sound existing between two or more
words
Words do not have to be spelled the same to be
considered rhyming
This is the most common sound device in poetry
End rhyme- Same sound at the end of the verse
Hat and cat
Cloud and allowed
Internal rhyme- Same sound within a verse
Near or slant rhyme- Words that appear to rhyme, but don’t
Great and treat
These words are assigned the same rhyme scheme letter
A, B, C, etc
Rhyme Scheme
The pattern/sequence in which rhyme occurs.
Uses the letters of the alphabet to show pattern
Meter
A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables
Stressed
Emphasized word part
Unstressed
Un-emphasized word part
Angel- AN-gel (not an-GEL)
Complete- com-PLETE (not COM-plete)
Foot
A group pf syllables constructing a metrical unit
consisting of stressed and unstressed syllables
da DUM da DUM da DUM
FIVE MAIN PATTERNS FOR FEET Iambic
1 unstressed syllable followed by 1 stressed syllable Repose (re- POSE)
Belief (be-LIEF)
Complete (com- PLETE)
Trochaic
1 stressed syllable followed by 1 unstressed syllable Garland (GAR- land)
Speaking (SPEAK- ing)
Value (VAL- ue)
Anapestic
2 unstressed syllables followed by 1 stressed syllable On the road
Interrupt (in-ter-RUPT)
Unabridged (un-a-BRIDGED)
Dactylic
1 stressed syllable followed by 2 unstressed syllables Happiness (HAP-pi-ness)
Galloping (GAL-lop-ing)
Spondaic
All syllables have equal stress Heartbreak
“Out, out…”
Heartburn
COMBINATIONS OF POETIC FEET
Monometer: 1 foot per line
Dimeter: 2 feet per line
Trimeter: 3 feet per line
Tetrameter: 4 feet per line
Pentameter: 5 feet per line
Hexameter: 6 feet per line
TYPE + NUMBER = METER
Iambic
Trochaic
Anapestic
Dactylic
Spondaic
Monometer
Diameter
Trimeter
Tetrameter
Pentameter
Hexameter
Type of Feet Number of feet per Line
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
Whose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village, though; He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow.
My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse nearBetween the woods and frozen lakeThe darkest evening of the year.
He gives his harness bells a shakeTo ask if there is some mistake. The only other sounds the sweepOf easy wind and downy flake.
The woods are lovely, dark, and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.
Stanza
Verse/Line
STRESSED syllable
Unstressed syllable
Meter:
- Unstressed followed by stressed = Iambic
- Four feet per line = Tetrameter
- Therefore: Iambic TetrameterA
A
B
A
B
B
C
B
C
C
D
C
D
D
D
D
POETIC DEVICES
Alliteration Deliberate repetition of consonant sounds
Black gloves, a broad black hat
Assonance Deliberate repetition of vowel sounds
And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side
Consonance The repetition o final consonant sounds in stressed syllables
with different vowel sounds Hat and sit
Tone The poet’s attitude toward the subject
Mood Atmosphere of a piece of writing
The emotions a selection arouses in a reader Trailer
Horror
Rhyme
Repetition of the same sounds
Rhyming couplet
A pair of lines whose end rhyme expresses one clear
thought
Rhythm
The internal feel of beat and meter perceived when poetry
is read aloud
Figurative language
Writing or speech not meant to be interpreted literally
Simile
Metaphor
Hyperbole
Personification
Metaphor
A comparison not using the word like or as
He is a snake
Simile
A comparison using the word like or as
She is like a rose
Hyperbole
An exaggeration fro dramatic effect
I am so hungry, I could eat a horse
Personification
Attribution of human motives or behaviors to impersonal agencies (non-humans)
The stars danced in the sky
Onomatopoeia
Use of words resembling the sounds they mean
Buzz, woof, bang, slurp
Echo/Repetition
Repetition of key word or idea
Creates a pattern
Increases rhythm
Imagery
Using words to create pictures (images) in your mind
Appeals to the five senses
Sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell
Oxymoron
A seeming contradiction by putting two words together
Jumbo shrimp
Allusion
A reference to a well-known person, place, event, or artistic work
‘Christy didn’t like to spend money. She was no Scrooge, but she seldom purchased anything except the bare necessities.
Refers to Scrooge, the famous penny-pinching character of Charles Dickens’ classic novel A Christmas Carol
Harry Potter
Roman mythology
Remus Lupin
• The founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus, were said to be raised by wolves, which Remus’ name and anamagus form allude to. Also, in The Deathly Hallows, his codename is Romulus, another direct allusion to this
Greek mythology
Fluffy, the three-headed dog guarding the Sorcerer's Stone in The Sorcerer's Stone
• Mythological creature Cerberus: a three-headed dog that guarded the Underworld
• Greek hero Orpheus was able to put Cerberus to sleep by playing music on his lyre
Fluffy’s weakness is music
• Hagrid claims to have purchased Fluffy from a Greek man
AUTHOR’S PURPOSE
o The poet has an “author’s purpose” when he
writes a poem. The purpose can be to:
Share feelings (joy, sadness, anger, fear, loneliness)
Tell a story
Send a message (theme - something to think about)
Be humorous
Provide description* (e.g., person, object, concept)
NARRATIVE POETRY
Narrative Poetry
Poetry that tells a
story
Follows the plot
diagram of narrative
literature
The Highwayman
LYRIC POETRY
Lyric Poetry
Poetry that is written
in highly musical
language that
expresses the
thoughts,
observations, and
feelings of a single
speaker
TANKA
Tanka
A verse form poem
with five unrhymed
lines of five, seven,
five, seven, and seven
syllables
Conveys a single vivid
emotionBeautiful mountains
Rivers with cold, cold water.
White cold snow on rocks
Trees over the place with frost
White sparkly snow everywhere.
LIMERICK
Limerick
A funny five line poem
Lines 1, 2, and 5
rhyme
Lines 3 and 4 rhyme
Lines 3 and 4 are
shorter
Line 5 refers back to
line 1
There Seems to Be a Problem
I really don’t know about Jim.
When he comes to our farm for a swim,
The fish as a rule,
jump out of the pool.
Is there something the matter with him?
By John Ciardi
HAIKU
Haiku
A Japanese poem form
Written in three lines
of five, seven, and five
syllables
Captures a moment in
time
Little frog among
rain-shaken leaves, are you, too,
splashed with fresh, green paint?
by Gaki
Couplet
Poem written in two
lines
Usually rhymes
The Jellyfish By Ogden Nash
Who wants my jellyfish?
I’m not sellyfish!
COUPLET
Tercet
Poem written in three
lines
Usually rhymes
Lines 1 and 2 can
rhyme
Lines 1 and 3 can
rhyme
Sometimes all three
lines rhyme
Winter Moon By Langston Hughes
How thin and sharp is the moon tonight!
How thin and sharp and ghostly white
Is the slim curved crook of the moon tonight!
TERCET
QUATRAIN
Quatrain
A poem written in four
lines
Most common stanza
used in poetry
Usually rhymes
Can be written in a
variety of rhyming
patterns
The Lizard By John Gardner
The lizard is a timid thing
That cannot dance or fly or sing;
He hunts for bugs beneath the floor
And longs to be a dinosaur.
CINQUAIN
Cinquain
Poem written in five
lines
Does not rhyme
Contains 22 syllables
Line 1 = 2 syllables
Line 2 = 4 syllables
Line 3 = 6 syllables
Line 4 = 8 syllables
Line 5 = 2 syllables
Oh, cat
are you grinning
curled in the window seat
as sun warms you this December
morning?
By Paul B. Janezco
FREE VERSE
Free Verse
Poem that does not use rhyme or pattern
Can vary in length, stanzas, and subject matter
Revenge
When I find outwho tookthe last cooky
out of the jarand leftme a bunch of
stale old messycrumbs, I'mgoing to take
me a handful and crumbup someone's bed.
By Myra Cohn Livingston
Blank Verse
Poem written with a regular meter
Almost always iambic pentameter
Does not rhyme
Villanelle
A nineteen line lyric poem
Written in five three line stanzas and ending in a
four line stanza
Sonnet
A lyric poem consisting of fourteen lines
Written in three four line stanzas called
quatrains and ending with two rhymed lines
known as a couplet
•This is a process to help you organize your
analysis of poetry.
•We have already learned the vocabulary, now
it’s time to put it into practice!
•Together, we are going to analyze “Dreams”
using T-PCASTT.
•Now, please copy the next chart in your
notebook…
Getting Started…
DREAMSBY LANGSTON HUGES
Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
Hold fast to dreams
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
T is for TITLE•Analyze the title first. (“Dreams”)
•What do you predict this poem will be about?
•Write down your predictions.
•We will reflect on the title again after we have read the poem.
•The next step is often omitted, but it is the most important!!!!
DREAMSBY LANGSTON HUGES
Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
Hold fast to dreams
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
• Paraphrasing is putting something in your own words.
• After reading the poem, rewrite it in your own words.
• This may be three sentences or a page, depending on the particular poem.
P is for PARAPHRASE
•Analyze the figures
of speech and sound
effects of the poem.
•These are the poetry
vocabulary we have
already studied.
•These elements add
to the meaning.
C is for CONNOTATION
•If there is a change in…
–Time
–Tone
–Mood
–Speaker
This should always be noted as this will also affect the meaning.
S is for SHIFT
•At this time, you should reconsider
the title.
•Were you right in your predictions?
•What other meanings might the title
have in light of your analysis?
•Next, the biggie….
T is for TITLE (again)
•As you already know, theme is the general
insight into life conveyed by the author through
his/her work.
•It does not make a judgment.
example: “Don’t do drugs” is not a theme.
•It merely states something that is true to life and
the human condition.
T is for THEME
•Look at the other parts of TPCASTT.
•What insight are all of these working together to
convey?
•What is the poet trying to say about life?
How do I find the THEME?
DREAMS BY: LANGSTON HUGES
Title
The poem is about
dreams
Paraphrase
Hold tight to dreams
Because if dreams die
Life is like an injured bird
That cannot fly.
Hold tight to dreams
Because when dreams are lost
Life is like a field with nothing in it
That is frozen with snow
Personification Dreams die
Dreams go
Metaphor Life is a broken winged bird
Life is a barren field
Imagery Broken winged bird that cannot
fly
Barren field frozen with snow
End rhymes Die and fly
Go and snow
Repetition Hold fast to dreams
The author’s tome is
cautionary and
somewhat melancholy
Connotation Attitude
The poem has two full
sentences ending in
periods and stanzas
are broke up into
short 3 to 5 word lines
The title is very
indicative of what the
poem will be about
The poem is about
dreams and
continuing to dream
and the title clearly
represents that
Shift Title